7 results on '"Zytynska, Sharon"'
Search Results
2. Genetic effects of tank-forming bromeliads on the associated invertebrate community in a tropical forest ecosystem
- Author
-
Zytynska, Sharon E., Khudr, Mouhammad Shadi, Harris, Edwin, and Preziosi, Richard F.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Induced expression of defence-related genes in barley is specific to aphid genotype.
- Author
-
Zytynska, Sharon E., Jourdie, Violaine, Naseeb, Samina, Delneri, Daniela, and Preziosi, Richard F.
- Subjects
- *
BARLEY yields , *PLANT diseases , *APHIDS , *GENE expression in plants , *PLANT ecology , *INSECT feeding & feeds ,BARLEY genetics - Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms by which plants respond to attack is of great ecological and economic importance. When phloem-feeding insects feed they can influence the expression of defence-related genes in the plant. While it is well-documented that the genotype of the feeding insect can influence plant fitness traits, thus far the effect of insect genotype on the induction of defence-related genes in the plant has had relatively little attention. To investigate the molecular specificity of plant-insect interactions, the model plant Hordeum vulgare was exposed to four different genotypes of the aphid Sitobion avenae. When the plants were previously exposed to a specific aphid genotype, the population growth of other aphid genotypes was reduced. A global gene expression study of the barley genome showed that these effects can occur indirectly through physiological changes in the plant. We found 1018 transcripts to be differentially induced by different aphid genotypes, with some specific to one aphid genotype. This work identifies core and genotype-specific plant response genes to aphids and supports the notion that the genotypic composition of the herbivore population can trigger the transcription of different defence-related genes in the host plant, thus affecting the population structure of these herbivores and potentially the wider ecological community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Plant genetic variation mediates an indirect ecological effect between belowground earthworms and aboveground aphids.
- Author
-
Singh, Akanksha, Braun, Julia, Decker, Emilia, Hans, Sarah, Wagner, Agnes, Weisser, Wolfgang W., and Zytynska, Sharon E.
- Subjects
BIOTIC communities ,PLANT genetics ,APHIDS ,PLANT biomass ,PLANT fibers - Abstract
Background Interactions between aboveground and belowground terrestrial communities are often mediated by plants, with soil organisms interacting via the roots and aboveground organisms via the shoots and leaves. Many studies now show that plant genetics can drive changes in the structure of both above and belowground communities; however, the role of plant genetic variation in mediating aboveground-belowground interactions is still unclear. We used an earthworm-plant-aphid model system with two aphid species (Aphis fabae and Acyrthosiphon pisum) to test the effect of host-plant (Vicia faba) genetic variation on the indirect interaction between the belowground earthworms (Eisenia veneta) on the aboveground aphid populations. Results Our data shows that host-plant variety mediated an indirect ecological effect of earthworms on generalist black bean aphids (A. fabae), with earthworms increasing aphid growth rate in three plant varieties but decreasing it in another variety. We found no effect of earthworms on the second aphid species, the pea aphid (A. pisum), and no effect of competition between the aphid species. Plant biomass was increased when earthworms were present, and decreased when A. pisum was feeding on the plant (mediated by plant variety). Although A. fabae aphids were influenced by the plants and worms, they did not, in turn, alter plant biomass. Conclusions Previous work has shown inconsistent effects of earthworms on aphids, but we suggest these differences could be explained by plant genetic variation and variation among aphid species. This study demonstrates that the outcome of belowground-aboveground interactions can be mediated by genetic variation in the host-plant, but depends on the identity of the species involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Genetic variation in a tropical tree species influences the associated epiphytic plant and invertebrate communities in a complex forest ecosystem.
- Author
-
Zytynska, Sharon E., Fay, Michael F., Penney, David, and Preziosi, Richard F.
- Abstract
Genetic differences among tree species, their hybrids and within tree species are known to influence associated ecological communities and ecosystem processes in areas of limited species diversity. The extent to which this same phenomenon occurs based on genetic variation within a single tree species, in a diverse complex ecosystem such as a tropical forest, is unknown. The level of biodiversity and complexity of the ecosystem may reduce the impact of a single tree species on associated communities. We assessed the influence of within-species genetic variation in the tree Brosimum alicastrum (Moraceae) on associated epiphytic and invertebrate communities in a neotropical rainforest. We found a significant positive association between genetic distance of trees and community difference of the epiphytic plants growing on the tree, the invertebrates living among the leaf litter around the base of the tree, and the invertebrates found on the tree trunk. This means that the more genetically similar trees are host to more similar epiphyte and invertebrate communities. Our work has implications for whole ecosystem conservation management, since maintaining sufficient genetic diversity at the primary producer level will enhance species diversity of other plants and animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Community genetic interactions mediate indirect ecological effects between a parasitoid wasp and rhizobacteria.
- Author
-
Zytynska, Sharon E., Fleming, Sarah, Tétard-Jones, Catherine, Kertesz, Michael A., and Preziosi, Richard F.
- Subjects
- *
GENETIC research & the environment , *SOIL microbiology , *RHIZOBACTERIA , *GENETIC polymorphisms , *APHIDS , *GENETIC models , *BARLEY , *WASPS , *EVOLUTIONARY theories - Abstract
Indirect ecological effects (IEEs) clearly influence species dynamics and abundance, yet relatively little is known about how they influence the evolution of species involved. While genetic variation in the species causing and responding to the IEE has obvious effects, the influence of genetic variation in intermediate species remains unexamined. Given the often counterintuitive responses of populations to IEEs this seems a significant omission. Following a community genetics approach, we used a model tetra-trophic system (parasitoid wasp, aphid, barley, and rhizobacteria) to investigate the effect of genetic interactions within the two linking species (aphids and barley) on the IEE of rhizobacteria on wasps. We show that 12.4% of the variation in wasp size, a proxy for fitness, is explained by higher-order interactions between aphid genotype (A), barley genotype (B), and presence or absence of rhizobacteria (R) (Genotype[B] × Genotype[A] × Environment[R]). Thus, the IEE of rhizobacteria on the parasitoid wasp is influenced by the specific combination of aphid and barley genotypes that mediate the interactions. In some cases changes in the genotypes of the intermediate species completely reverse the effect of rhizobacteria on wasp size. Our work demonstrates that within-species genetic variation is important in shaping IEEs in communities, an essential component of community evolutionary processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Plant genetic variation mediates an indirect ecological effect between belowground earthworms and aboveground aphids
- Author
-
Singh, Akanksha, Braun, Julia, Decker, Emilia, Hans, Sarah, Wagner, Agnes, Weisser, Wolfgang W, and Zytynska, Sharon E
- Subjects
Aphis fabae ,Competitive Behavior ,Food Chain ,Population Dynamics ,fungi ,Acyrthosiphon pisum ,Genetic interactions ,Aboveground-belowground interactions ,Genetic Variation ,food and beverages ,Nitrogen Cycle ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Vicia faba ,Plant genotype ,Environmental Science(all) ,Aphids ,Animals ,Biomass ,Oligochaeta ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Interactions between aboveground and belowground terrestrial communities are often mediated by plants, with soil organisms interacting via the roots and aboveground organisms via the shoots and leaves. Many studies now show that plant genetics can drive changes in the structure of both above and belowground communities; however, the role of plant genetic variation in mediating aboveground-belowground interactions is still unclear. We used an earthworm-plant-aphid model system with two aphid species (Aphis fabae and Acyrthosiphon pisum) to test the effect of host-plant (Vicia faba) genetic variation on the indirect interaction between the belowground earthworms (Eisenia veneta) on the aboveground aphid populations. Results Our data shows that host-plant variety mediated an indirect ecological effect of earthworms on generalist black bean aphids (A. fabae), with earthworms increasing aphid growth rate in three plant varieties but decreasing it in another variety. We found no effect of earthworms on the second aphid species, the pea aphid (A. pisum), and no effect of competition between the aphid species. Plant biomass was increased when earthworms were present, and decreased when A. pisum was feeding on the plant (mediated by plant variety). Although A. fabae aphids were influenced by the plants and worms, they did not, in turn, alter plant biomass. Conclusions Previous work has shown inconsistent effects of earthworms on aphids, but we suggest these differences could be explained by plant genetic variation and variation among aphid species. This study demonstrates that the outcome of belowground-aboveground interactions can be mediated by genetic variation in the host-plant, but depends on the identity of the species involved.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.