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An evolutionary model based on Bit-String with intelligence and learning is constructed. Each individual is represented by five bit strings. Four of them relate to genes and the other denotes the knowledge from learning. The four strings relative to genes will be divided into two parts — Bit-String A and Bit-String B. Bit-String A denotes the health of an individual, at the same time Bit-String B can describe intelligence. For an individual, the cross reproduction method is used in this model. After that we explain how knowledge is represented in our model. The probability of learning is affected by intelligence. In order to study how the accumulated knowledge influences the survival process by the effect of food and space restrictions, we modify the Verhulst factor. Then, we present the results of our simulations and discuss the evolution of population, intelligence and knowledge respectively. In addition, an equation to calculate the intelligence quotient is given based on intelligence and knowledge. We discuss the distribution of intelligence quotient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese native rice cultivar 'Maowangu' expresses a high level of resistance to many races of rice blast (Pyricularia grisea) collected from North China and Japan. `Maowangu' was crossed with 10 Japanese differential cultivars and the susceptible Chinese cultivar 'Liji- angxintuanheigu' (LTH). Allelism tests were conducted in the F2 populations with rice blast races. The resistance of `Maowangu' was governed by two dominant genes which were non-allelic to the resistance genes at seven loci: Pi-a, Pi-i, Pi-k, Pi-z, Pi-ta, Pi-b, and Pi-t. To identify the two resistance genes, two F3 lines of 'Shin 2/Maowangu' segregating 3R:1S were selected for linkage tests in 1994. One was linked to marker genes C and Amp-3 on chromosome 6 with recombination frequencies of 35.8±6.4% and 42.1 ± 6.2%, respectively, and the other to Amp-1 on chromosome 2 with a recombination frequency of 37.6±6.0%. To confirm these results, two F3 lines of `LTH/Maowangu' were selected for linkage tests in 1995. The one was linked to Amp-3, and other was linked to Amp-1, with recombination frequencies of 36.9 ± 3.1% and 34.3 ± 3.2%, respectively. The two genes on chromosomes 6 and 2 were designated Pi13(t) and Pi14(t), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]