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[Display omitted] • Provides a new idea for the recycle and harmless treatment of AMD. • More than 99% terramycin was reduced after adding HCMI of compost. • By adding HCMI, Qac B and tet H decreased by 0.35, and 0.15%, respectively. • The succession of microorganism had greatly factor on the varies of ARG subtypes. • The HCMI improve the removal rate of ARG subtype to a certain extent. In order to tackle the issue of terramycin mycelial dreg (TMD) diagnosis and removal of terramycin and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), this study adopted aerobic composting (AC) technology and added homemade compound microbial inoculum (HCMI) to promote the AC of TMD and enhance the removal of terramycin and ARGs. The findings demonstrated that terramycin residue could be basically harmless after AC. Moreover, HCMI not only reduced Qac B and tet H but also increased the degradation rates of Van RA, Van T, and dfr A24 by 40.81%, 5.65%, and 54.18%, respectively. The HCMI improved the removal rate of ARG subtypes to a certain extent. According to redundancy analysis, during AC, the succession of the microbial community had a stronger influence on the variance of ARG subtype than the environmental conditions. Differences in the abundance of various bacteria due to changes in temperature may be an intrinsic mechanism for the variation of ARG subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Biochar improved the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of antibiotic residues. • BC and nZVI-BC increased the gas production efficiency by 20.75% and 15.50%, respectively. • The effect of nZVI-BC was greater than BC in reducing ammonia nitrogen content. • nZVI-BC significantly enhanced the removal of aad A, ant (2″)-Ⅰ, qacEdelta 1 and sul 1. To address the problem of antibiotic mycelial dreg (AMD) treatment and removal of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), this study adopted anaerobic digestion (AD) technology, and added biochar (BC) and biochar loaded with nanosized zero-valent iron (nZVI-BC) to promote the AD of AMD and enhance the removal of ARGs. Results showed that nZVI-BC was better than BC in promoting AD due to the hydrogen evolution corrosion and the synergistic effect of nZVI and BC. In addition, BC and nZVI-BC can enhance the oxidative stress response and reduce ammonia stress phenomenon, which significantly reduces the abundance of aad A, ant(2″) -Ⅰ, qacEdelta 1 and sul 1. In conclusion, the enhance effect of nZVI-BC is greater than BC. The removal efficiency rates of nZVI-BC on the above-mentioned four ARGs were improved by 33%, 9%, 24% and 11%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]