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Background and Aim: Rabbits often experience skin diseases. The beneficial effects of plant extracts and essential oils are well known in other species, but the properties of these natural ingredients have not been evaluated in rabbits in vivo. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a topical, commercial solution made of essential oils, plant-extracted polyunsaturated fatty acids, and Vitamin E on rabbits suffering from skin problems. Materials and Methods: Thirty New Zealand rabbits (no sex distinction) were included in this study, with an average weight of 2–3 kg. The rabbits were divided into two groups: The first group was treated with a topical solution made from natural ingredients, and the second was a control group. The rabbits' hair and skin conditions were evaluated on days 1, 14, 28, and 35 after treatment. Data were analyzed using a Kruskal–Wallis range test. Results: Significant differences were determined in terms of glossy hair variability on days 28 and 35 (p≤0.0001). On days 14-35, hair loss was determined to have reduced (p=0.001), and flaking and odor improved in the treatment group, showing increased scores and significant differences (p=0.0001). By contrast, the control group showed stable overall skin and hair score and an increase in the dryness score. Conclusion: The topical application of essential oils and polyunsaturated fatty acids with Vitamin E was able to improve hair shine and skin hydration and reduce flaking, bad odor, and hair loss, improving the general, and cutaneous aspect of rabbits.

The efficacy of lotilaner was evaluated in three tick-infested cane toads. A single oral administration of lotilaner eliminated all ticks from all three toads from Day (D)1. Environmental samples collected from toad enclosures were negative for ticks until D30.L'efficacité du lotilaner a été évaluée chez trois crapauds buffle infestés de tiques. Une seule administration orale de lotilaner a éliminé toutes les tiques des trois crapauds à partir du jour (J)1. Les échantillons environnementaux prélevés dans les enclos des crapauds étaient négatifs pour les tiques jusqu'à J30.Se evaluó la eficacia de lotilaner en tres sapos de caña infestados por garrapatas. Una sola administración oral de lotilaner eliminó todas las garrapatas de los tres sapos desde el día (D) 1. Las muestras ambientales recolectadas de los recintos de sapos fueron negativas para garrapatas hasta el D30.Die Wirksamkeit von Lotilaner wurde an drei mit Zecken befallenen Kröten untersucht. Eine einzige Verabreichung per os eliminierte alle Zecke von allen drei Kröten mit dem ersten Tag (D1). Proben aus den Krötengehegen war bis zum D30 frei von Zecken.マダニに感染した3匹のオオヒキガエルにおいて、ロチラネルの有効性を評価した。ロチラネルの単回経口投与により、3匹のヒキガエルのすべてのマダニがD1日目から駆除された。ヒキガエルの囲いから採取した環境サンプルはD30までマダニが陰性であった。.评价被蜱侵扰的3只藤条蟾蜍使用洛替拉纳的疗效。从第(D)1天开始, 单次经口给予洛替拉纳可消除3只蟾蜍身上的所有蜱。直至D30, 从蟾蜍围栏采集的环境样本中, 蜱均为阴性。.A eficácia do lotialaner foi avaliada em três sapos-boi infestados por carrapatos. Uma única administração de lotialaner eliminou todos os carrapatos de todos os sapos no Dia (D) 1. Amostras ambientais coletadas dos terrários dos sapos foram todas negativas para carrapatos até o D30.

Background One of the most common ectoparasites in hedgehogs is Caparinia tripilis. Isoxazolines have recently shown to be a good treatment option for ectoparasites. The objective of this case report was to describe the treatment of a natural infestations from Caparinia tripilis in two African hedgehogs with sarolaner. Case description Two hedgehogs presented for Caparinia tripilis infestation. Sarolaner (2 mg/kg) was administered once orally and the response to treatment was evaluated on days 1, 7, 14, 30 and 60 by evaluating the lesions, the level of pruritus and the presence of parasites. From day 1 to 30 post-treatment, the severity of the lesions decreased in both hedgehogs and between day 30 and day 60 post-treatment, the lesions were not evident anymore. Presence of mites and pruritus decreased in both cases from day 1 to day 15, eventually disappeared, and remained so for 60 days of follow-up. Both hedgehogs gained weight during the evaluation period. Conclusions and case relevance Sarolaner as a standalone treatment effectively treated Caparinia tripilis infection without evidence of any adverse effects. Reports including a larger number of subjects are required in order to confirm safety and effectiveness of the drug.

The efficacy of afoxolaner was evaluated in two captive Burmese python snakes, which were naturally infested with Ophionyssus natricis mites. The administration of a single oral dose of afoxolaner eliminated live O. natricis mites from both snakes by Day 3. Environmental samples collected from the snakes' terrariums were negative for dead mites by Day 30.L'efficacité de l'afoxolaner a été évaluée chez deux serpents python birmans captifs, naturellement infestés par des acariens Ophionyssus natricis. L'administration d'une dose orale unique d'afoxolaner a éliminé les acariens O. natricis vivants des deux serpents à jour 3. Les échantillons environnementaux prélevés dans les terrariums des serpents étaient négatifs pour les acariens morts à jour 30.Se evaluó la eficacia de afoxolaner en dos serpientes pitón birmanas cautivas, que estaban naturalmente infestadas con ácaros Ophionyssus natricis. La administración de una sola dosis oral de afoxolaner eliminó los ácaros O. natricis vivos de ambas serpientes en el día 3. Las muestras ambientales recolectadas de los terrarios de las serpientes dieron negativo para ácaros muertos en el día 30.Die Wirksamkeit von Afoxolaner wurde bei zwei Burmesischen Pyton Schlangen in Gefangenschaft, die auf natürlichem Weg mit Ophionyssus natricis Milben infiziert worden waren, evaluiert. Die Verabreichung einer einzigen Dosis Afoxolaner per os eliminierte lebende O. natricis Milben von beiden Schlangen am 3. Tag. Umweltproben, die aus den Terrarien der Schlangen genommen wurden, zeigten am 30. Tag keine toten Milben mehr.アフォキソラネルの有効性を、Ophionyssus natricisダニが自然寄生した2匹の捕獲ビルマニシキヘビで評価した。アフォキソラネルの単回経口投与により、3日目までに両ヘビから生きたO. natricisダニが排除された。ヘビの飼育器から収集された環境サンプルにおいて、30日目までに死骸ダニは検出されなかった。.评估被蛇螨（Ophionyssus natricis）自然侵袭的2条圈养缅甸蟒蛇，使用阿福拉纳的治疗效果。单次经口给予阿福拉纳，可在第3天消除两条蛇的活O. natricis蛇螨。第30天从蛇的容器环境中采集样本，显示了只有死螨虫的阴性结果。.A eficácia do afoxolaner foi avaliada em duas cobras python birmanesas de cativeiro, que foram naturalmente infestadas com ácaros Ophionyssus natricis. A administração de uma única dose oral de afoxolaner eliminou ácaros O. natricis vivos de ambas as cobras no dia 3. As amostras ambientais coletadas dos terrários das cobras foram negativas para ácaros mortos no dia 30.

An African hedgehog patient with generalized erythema and periauricular scaling was presented for consultation; previously, it had been treated with ivermectin but no improvement was noted. Scrapes were performed from the skin and the mite morphologically corresponded to Demodex spp. Demodicosis in African hedgehogs is fairly rare; this is the reason why a molecular diagnosis was added to the microscopic diagnosis for this clinical case. The common treatments for mites in hedgehogs are ivermectin, selamectin, flipronil, and amitraz; the application of a single dose of afoxolaner/milbemycin oxime has not been previously reported. The molecular and phylogenetic analysis showed that the species causing the demodicosis in the patient was Demodex canis. The single oral dose of afoxolaner/milbemycin oxime reduced the number of mites to 0 in subsequent samples 7 days after the treatment and there were no lesions after 30 days.

Trichophyton benhamiae was diagnosed in a 9-year-old female dog by histopathological evaluation, fungal culture and confirmation by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA. Successful therapy was achieved with itraconazole, bathing with miconazole and chlorhexidine shampoo, and topical application of sodium hypochlorite as a rinse.

Lice are ectoparasites capable of affecting birds, and can result in direct and indirect damage to their host. Afoxolaner is an isoxazoline that has been shown to be effective against these ectoparasites without known adverse effects. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of afoxolaner on lice in pheasants and plain chachalacas. A total of 29 pheasants of different genera and species (Chrysolophus pictus, C. amherstiae, Lophura swinghoii, L. nycthemera, Phasianus colchicus, and Syrmaticus reevesii) and 18 West Mexican Chachalacas (Ortalis poliocephala) naturally infested with Goniodes pavonis were used. The birds were allocated to one of two groups: group 1 treated with 2.50 mg/kg of afoxolaner, and group 2 given no treatment. Ectoparasites were collected using the adhesive tape technique and identified. Afoxolaner was administered later as a single dose to group 1, and the clinical assessment to detect ectoparasites was repeated 28 days post-treatment. On day 28 post-treatment, group 1 was found to be negative for the presence of lice. The body weights were compared at the beginning and end of the clinical assessment in both groups and a significant difference in weight of treated birds was found. The mean body weight decreased by 0.017 g in control group, whereas it increased by 0.016 g in treated group. Oral administration of afoxolaner is an effective option for the treatment of Goniodes pavonis infestations in zoo birds.

Toxocara canis is one of the most important zoonotic parasites of dogs. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of spinosad/milbemycin oxime and ivermectin/praziquantel in dogs naturally infected with Toxocara spp. We studied 200 dogs with a positive diagnosis of Toxocara spp. Through coproparasitoscopic analysis, two study groups of 100 dogs each were assigned: spinosad/milbemycin oxime at a dose of 30-60mg/kg and 0.75-1.0mg/kg, respectively, or ivermectin/praziquantel administered at a dose of 0.2mg/kg and 5mg/kg, respectively. Both groups received a single dose. Three stool samples, one at day 0 before treatment, and at 14 and 28days post-treatment were examined using concentration-flotation techniques. In both treatments, the number of Toxocara spp. eggs decreased; with spinosad/milbemycin oxime treatment, eggs decreased by 87% at 14days (P=0.008) and 94% at 28days after treatment, compared with 71% at day 14 and 88% at day 28 in dogs medicated with ivermectin/praziquantel. The spinosad/milbemycin oxime treated group showed a greater decrease in the number of Toxocara spp. positive dogs compared to the group receiving ivermectin/praziquantel.

Dentro de las producciones pecuarias, las enfermedades entéricas tienen un papel importante, ya que generan severas pérdidas económicas derivadas de la mortalidad, depresión del crecimiento y disminución del índice de conversión. Rotavirus es considerado una causa importante de gastroenteritis viral aguda en humanos y animales jóvenes en todo el mundo, estando asociado a diarreas deshidratantes en granjas de producción animal. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar rotavirus en granjas de producción cunícola ubicadas en la región sur-oriente del Estado de México a través de RT-PCR. Se recolectaron muestras de 39 pequeñas granjas de traspatio ubicadas dentro de los 13 municipios que conforman la región estudiada. Un total de 147 muestras se analizaron, 99 de conejos sanos y 48 de conejos con signología entérica, de las cuales se identificó Rotavirus en 9 de ellas (18.7 %), mientras que en conejos sanos no hubo identificación. Los resultados concuerdan con la suposición de que en conejos con signología entérica, los virus parecen tener un papel importante, pero no decisivo, y que la participación de rotavirus no es determinante para la presentación de la enfermedad. Se plantea la posibilidad de que Rotavirus no sea endémico en granjas cunícolas de la región sur-oriente del Estado de México, encontrándose ocasionalmente, sin inducir episodios entéricos graves de forma individual; no obstante, podría ser un factor importante en la presentación de brotes entéricos en asociación con otros agentes patógenos. Este es uno de los primeros reportes de la presencia de Rotavirus en conejos con signología entérica en México.

Ectoparasitism of ornamental birds, including captive species kept in zoos, represents a serious health problem. Up to 13 different species of lice have been reported to affect peacocks worldwide and heavy infestation may cause anaemia. Because of this, alternatives to the prevailing treatments have been sought including use of isoxazolines. This class of drugs has been used successfully in poultry without adverse effects on health or production.To evaluate the effect of afoxolaner on the peacock louse (Goniodes pavonis).Twenty-three peacocks (Pavo cristatus) with naturally occurring infestation with G. pavonis.The peacocks were divided in two groups; one was treated once orally with 2.5 mg/kg afoxolaner and the other group received no treatment. Samples were collected using the acetate tape technique, for identification of lice by microscopy. Concomitantly, blood samples were taken to evaluate the haematocrit before and after the intervention.Treatment with afoxolaner significantly decreased the number of peacocks positive for lice (P = 0.02) compared to the control group, in which the number of positive birds did not decrease. The haematocrit improved in the afoxolaner-treated group from a baseline of 46.4%-54.7% at 35 days post-treatment, whereas it decreased in untreated birds (44.6%-40.7%). No adverse effects attributed to afoxolaner treatment were observed.Oral administration of afoxolaner is an effective treatment for G. pavonis infestation of peacocks.Le parasitisme externe des oiseaux d'ornements, y compris les espèces captives en zoo, représente un sérieux problème de santé. Treize espèces de poux différentes ont été décrites chez le paon dans le monde et une infestation massive peut entrainer de l'anémie. Des alternatives aux traitements précédents ont été envisagées comme l'utilisation des isoxazolines. Cette classe de molécule a été utilisée avec succès chez la volaille sans effet secondaire sur la santé ou la production.Evaluer l'effet de l'afoxolaner sur les poux de paon (Goniodes pavonis).Vingt-trois paons (Pavo cristatus) avec une infestation naturelle de G. pavonis. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODE: Les paons ont été divisés en deux groupes; un a été traité per os avec 2,5 mg/kg d'afoxolaner et l'autre groupe n'a pas reçu de traitement. Les échantillons sont été collectés à l'aide de cellophane adhésive, pour l'identification des poux par microscopie. Des échantillons de sang ont été prélevés pour évaluer l'hématocrite avant et après l'intervention. RÉSULTATS: Le traitement à l'afoxolaner a permis de diminuer significativement le nombre de paons positifs pour les poux (P = 0.02) comparé au groupe contrôle pour lequel le nombre d'oiseaux positifs n'a pas diminué. L'hématocrite s'est amélioré dans le groupe traité à l'afoxolaner de 46.4% à 54.7% à jour 35 post-traitement, tandis qu'il diminue chez les oiseaux non traités (44.6%-40.7%). Aucun effet secondaire n'a été attribué à l'afoxolaner.L'administration orale d'afoxolaner est un traitement efficace pou les infestations à G. pavonis chez le paon.INTRODUCCIÓN: el ectoparasitismo de las aves ornamentales, incluidas las especies cautivas mantenidas en zoológicos, representa un grave problema de salud. Se ha descrito hasta 13 especies diferentes de piojos que afectan a los pavos reales en todo el mundo y una infestación grave puede causar anemia. Debido a esto, se han buscado alternativas a los tratamientos más frecuentes, incluido el uso de isoxazolinas. Esta clase de medicamentos se ha utilizado con éxito en aves de corral sin efectos adversos sobre la salud o la producción. OBJETIVO: evaluar el efecto del afoxolaner frente al piojo del pavo real (Goniodes pavonis). ANIMALES: veintitrés pavos reales (Pavo cristatus) con infestación natural con G. pavonis. MÉTODOS Y MATERIALES: los pavos reales se dividieron en dos grupos; uno fue tratado una vez por vía oral con 2,5 mg/kg de afoxolaner y el otro grupo no recibió tratamiento. Las muestras fueron recolectadas utilizando la técnica de cinta adhesiva de acetato, para la identificación de piojos por microscopía. Al mismo tiempo, se tomaron muestras de sangre para evaluar el hematocrito antes y después de la intervención. RESULTADOS: el tratamiento con afoxolaner redujo significativamente el número de pavos reales infestados con piojos (P = 0,02) en comparación con el grupo control, en el que el número de aves infestadas no disminuyó. El hematocrito mejoró en el grupo tratado con afoxolaner desde un valor inicial de 46,4% a 54,7% a los 35 días posteriores al tratamiento, mientras que disminuyó en aves no tratadas (44,6% a 40,7%). No se observaron efectos adversos atribuidos al tratamiento con afoxolaner. CONCLUSIONES E IMPORTANCIA CLÍNICA: la administración oral de afoxolaner es un tratamiento eficaz para la infestación de pavos reales con G. pavonis.Ektoparasiten bei Ziervögeln, auch bei denen, die als gefangene Spezies in Zoos gehalten werden, repräsentieren ein wesentliches Gesundheitsrisiko. Bis zu 13 verschiedene Arten von Läusen sind beschrieben, die Pfaue weltweit befallen, wobei durch einen heftigen Befall eine Anämie verursacht werden kann. Aus diesem Grund wird nach Alternativen zu bestehenden Behandlungen gesucht, so auch die Verwendung von Isoxazolinen. Diese Wirkstoffklasse wurde beim Geflügel ohne Nebenwirkungen für die Gesundheit oder Produktivität erfolgreich eingesetzt.Eine Evaluierung der Wirksamkeit von Afoxolaner auf die Pfauenlaus (Goniodes pavonis).Dreiundzwanzig Pfaue (Pavo cristatus) mit natürlich auftretendem Befall mit G. pavonis.Die Pfaue wurden in zwei Gruppen unterteilt; eine wurde einmal per os mit 2,5 mg/kg Afoxolaner behandelt und die andere Gruppe erhielt keine Behandlung. Es wurden mittels Klebestreifen Proben genommen, um die Läuse mikroskopisch zu identifizieren. Gleichzeitig wurden Blutproben zur Evaluierung des Hämatokrits vor und nach der Intervention genommen.Die Behandlung mit Afoxolaner verminderte die Anzahl der auf Läuse positiven Pfaue signifikant (P = 0,02) im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe, in der die Anzahl der positiven Vögel nicht abnahm. Der Hämatokrit verbesserte sich in der mit Afoxolaner behandelten Gruppe von einem Basiswert von 44,6%-54,7% nach 35 Behandlungstagen, während dieser bei den unbehandelten Vögeln abnahm (44.5%-40,7%). Es wurden keine Nebenwirkungen, die dem Afoxolaner zugeschrieben werden könnten, beobachtet.Eine Afoxolaner Administration per os ist eine wirksame Behandlung für einen G. pavonis Befall bei Pfauen.背景: 動物園で飼われている捕獲種を含む観賞用鳥類の外部寄生虫症は、健康上の重大な問題である。最大13種のシラミが世界中の孔雀に影響を及ぼしていると報告されており、重寄生が貧血を引き起こす可能性がある。このため、イソキサゾリン系外部寄生虫駆除薬の使用を含む、有力な治療代替法が求められている。同系薬剤は、健康や生産に悪影響を及ぼすことなく、家禽類で首尾よく使用されている。 目的: 本研究の目的は、孔雀シラミ(Goniodes pavonis)に対するアフォキソラネルの効果を評価することである。 被験動物: G. pavonisに自然寄生した孔雀(Pavo cristatus)23羽。 方法および材料: 孔雀を2つのグループに分け、一方は2.5mg / kgのアフォキソラネルを経口投与し、もう一方の群は無治療であった。シラミを顕微鏡で同定するため、アセテートテープ法を用いてサンプルを収集した。同時に、介入前後の血液サンプルを採取してヘマトクリット値を評価した。 結果: アフォキソラネルによる治療は、陽性鳥の数が減少しなかった対照群と比較して、シラミ陽性孔雀数を有意に減少させた(P = 0.02)。ヘモクリット値は、治療後35日で46.4%〜54.7%のベースラインからアフォキソラネル治療群で改善したが、未処理群では減少した(44.6%-40.7%)。アフォキソラネルによる治療に起因した有害事象は観察されなかった。 結論と臨床的重要性アフォキソラネルの経口投与は、孔雀のG. pavonis感染症への効果的な治療である。.背景: 体外寄生造成了观赏鸟类,包括圈养在动物园的鸟类严重的健康问题。据报道,全世界多达13种不同种类的虱子可感染孔雀,严重的感染可能导致贫血。因此,人们一直在寻求包括异恶唑啉在内的替代方法,这类药物已成功用于家禽,对健康或生产无不良影响。 目的: 评估阿福拉纳对孔雀圆羽虱(Goniodes pavonis)的作用。 动物: 二十三只自然感染G. Pavonis的孔雀(冠孔雀)。 方法和材料: 将孔雀分为两组; 一组口服2.5mg/kg的阿福拉纳治疗,另一组不予治疗。使用醋酸胶带技术收集样品,通过显微镜进行虱子鉴定。同时,采集血液样本以评估干预前后的血细胞比容。 结果: 与对照组相比,使用阿福拉纳治疗显著减少了阳性的孔雀圆羽虱数量(P = 0.02),其中阳性孔雀的数量没有减少。处理后35天,阿福拉纳治疗组的血细胞比容有所改善,基础值为46.4%-54.7%,而未治疗组则下降了(44.6%-40.7%),而且没有观察到阿福拉纳治疗引起的副作用。 结论和临床价值: 口服阿福拉纳是治疗孔雀G. pavonis感染的有效方法。.O ectoparasitismo em aves ornamentais, incluindo espécies mantidas em cativeiro, em zoológicos, representa um sério problema de saúde. Há relatos de até 13 espécies de piolhos que afetam pavões ao redor do mundo e a infestação intensa pode causar anemia. Sendo assim, tratamentos alternativos têm sido pesquisados, incluindo o uso das isoxazolinas. Esta classe de fármacos tem sido utilizada com sucesso em aves de avicultura sem efeitos adversos para a saúde ou para a produção.Avaliar o efeito de afoxolaner nos piolhos de pavão (Goniodes pavonis).Vinte e três pavões (Pavo cristatus) com infestação natural por G. pavonis. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Os pavões foram divididos em dois grupos; um foi tratado por via oral com 2,5 mg/kg de afoxolaner em dose única e o outro grupo não recebeu nenhum tratamento. Para a identificação macroscópica dos piolhos, coletou-se amostras utilizando a técnica da fita de acetato. Concomitantemente, amostras de sangue foram coletadas para avaliação do hematócrito antes e depois da intervenção.O tratamento com afoxolaner reduziu significativamente o número de pavões positivos para piolho (P = 0.02) comparado ao grupo controle, no qual o número de aves positivas não sofreu redução. Houve também melhora de 46,4%-54,7% no hematócrito no grupo tratado com afoxolaner desde o tempo zero até 35 dias pós tratamento, enquanto que no grupo de aves não tratadas, observou-se piora neste parâmetro (44,6%-40,7%). Nenhum efeito adverso atribuído ao tratamento com afoxolaner foi observado. CONCLUSÕES E IMPORTÂNCIA CLÍNICA: O tratamento com afoxolaner por via oral foi considerado eficaz para infestação por G. pavoni em pavões.

The contamination levels of Toxocara spp. eggs in soil samples from a university campus in Mexico City were evaluated and analysed according to garden size, and were related with the percentage of Toxocara spp. eggs and its viability according to the soil characteristics. A total of 1458 soil samples collected in 15 gardens (six large and nine small) were analysed by sedimentation-flotation with zinc sulphate solution on at 33%. Contamination was low (12.9%), and egg viability was high (65.5%). The size of the garden had no influence on the presence and viability of Toxocara spp. eggs. Contamination was negatively correlated with the percentage of vegetation (r = -0. 61, P < 0.01) and the viability was negatively associated with the percentage of clay in the soil samples (r = -0.51, P < 0.04). The size of the garden did not influence the presence and viability of Toxocara spp. eggs.