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The Duchenne marker has been proposed as a universal marker of smile authenticity. However, Elfenbein, Beaupré, Levesque, and Hess (2007 ) found that, whereas Canadians typically show the Duchenne marker when posing happiness, Gabonese do not. We therefore investigated whether the Duchenne marker is perceived as a marker of smile authenticity by Gabonese and by Mainland Chinese living in Quebec, Canada. The results show that Gabonese do not use the Duchenne marker to assess smile authenticity at all. Mainland Chinese immigrants to Quebec showed sensitivity to the Duchenne marker only when judging smiles by French-Canadian encoders, suggesting learning of the use of this cultural dialect through cultural exposure. In sum, the use of Duchenne marker is not universal, but rather limited to certain cultures.

This study examines the links between antecedents and consequences of Gabonese teachers’ (N= 152) work motivation. The theoretical underpinnings are based on the Motivational Model of Job Burnout (MMJB) which is grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and states that the more supervisors satisfy an employee’s need for self-determination, competence, and relatedness, the more self-determined is the latter’s work motivation. The level of self-determined motivation has an impact on job satisfaction, which in turn determines life satisfaction. Higher levels of self-determined motivation also buffer emotional exhaustion and psychological distress. The model was confirmed via structural equation modeling and provides support for the validity and generalizability of the MMJB and SDT.

Cette etude verifie aupres d'employes gabonais (N = 146) un modele de comportements organisationnels discretionnaires (COD) base sur le modele motivationnel de l'epuisement professionnel (MMEP). Il postule que plus le superieur est percu comme soutenant l'autonomie, la competence et l'attachement des employes, plus la motivation de ces derniers sera autodeterminee et meilleure sera leur satisfaction au travail; en retour, ces variables influenceront positivement l'adoption des COD altruistes et consciencieux, lesquels auront finalement des repercussions positives sur la satisfaction de vie des employes. Des analyses par equations structurales soutiennent dans l'ensemble les liens postules. Toutefois, la motivation autodeterminee etait negativement reliee aux comportements altruistes, lesquels predisaient d'ailleurs negativement la satisfaction de vie. Ce dernier resultat appuie la theorie de l'autodetermination selon laquelle les comportements issus d'une motivation non autodeterminee affectent negativement le bien-etre.

Two studies provided direct support for a recently proposed dialect theory of communicating emotion, positing that expressive displays show cultural variations similar to linguistic dialects, thereby decreasing accurate recognition by out-group members. In Study 1, 60 participants from Quebec and Gabon posed facial expressions. Dialects, in the form of activating different muscles for the same expressions, emerged most clearly for serenity, shame, and contempt and also for anger, sadness, surprise, and happiness, but not for fear, disgust, or embarrassment. In Study 2, Quebecois and Gabonese participants judged these stimuli and stimuli standardized to erase cultural dialects. As predicted, an in-group advantage emerged for nonstandardized expressions only and most strongly for expressions with greater regional dialects, according to Study 1.