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The integral and differential elliptic flow of partons is calculated using the multiphase transport model for Au+Au collisions at centre-of-mass energy = 200 GeV. It is shown that elliptic flow of partons freezing out at early time, which is affected mainly by surface emittance, decreases with time and elliptic flow of partons freezing out at late time, which is dominated by cumulative collisions, increases with time. The elliptic flow of partons freezing out early has a large contribution to the flatting of curve of final differential elliptic flow at large transverse momentum. It is argued that the effect of surface emittance is not neglectable.

It is shown that resonance internal conversion offers a feasible tool for mastering nuclear processes with laser or synchrotron radiation. The physics of the process is discussed in detail in a historical aspect. Possible experimental application is shown in the case of the M1 70.6-keV transition in nuclei of 169Yb. The nuclear transition rate in hydrogen-like ions of this nuclide can be enhanced by up to four orders of magnitude.

Experiments on photo-induced de-excitation triggering of 178m2Hf are revisited. We present an alternative and more effective way of triggering by exploiting the resonance internal conversion. Full theoretical description of a possible channel is presented. It is therefore revisited the impact itself produced by those experiments.

Using the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model, we study the influence of multiple scattering on the result of two-pion correlation measurements. The scales of pion spatial distribution are larger at thermal freeze-out than at chemical freeze-out. By varying the value of the parameter of cross section from 0 to 90 mb, we find that the sizes of pion source measured by two-particle correlation functions are almost independent of the parameter of cross section. However, λ parameters are sensitive to the parameter of cross section.

Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) technology was invented lately. Therefore it is an innovative method for trace gas detection compared with other existing technologies. In this paper, trace gas detection for carbon monoxide (CO) based on QEPAS technology is demonstrated. In order to realize high sensitive detection, a novel mid-infrared, state-of-art 4.6 m high power, continuous wave (CW), distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade laser (QCL) with single mode output is used as the laser exciting source. Therefore, the strongest absorption of fundamental frequency band of CO is achieved. Using the wavelength modulation spectroscopy and the 2nd harmonic detection, the influence of laser wavelength modulation depth on QEPAS signal level is investigated. Two important parameters of Q-factor and resonant frequency for quartz tuning fork as a function of gas pressure are measured. After optimization of the modulation depth of laser wavelength, the gas pressure of CO:N2 gas mixture and the improving speed of the V-R relaxation rate through the addition of water vapor, a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 1.95 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) for CO at gas pressure of 500 Torr and modulation depth of 0.2 cm-1 is achieved with a 1 sec acquisition time and the addition of 2.6% water vapor in the analyzed gas mixture. Finally, the influence of level lifetime of the targeted gas on QEPAS signal amplitude is investigated by comparison of CO QEPAS sensor performance using two different CO absorption lines of R(5) and R(6) located at 2165.6 cm-1 and 2169.2 cm-1respectively. The expression of the QEPAS signal amplitude is modified by adding the level lifetime parameter for a better precision.

The photoluminescence (PL) of CdSexS1-x semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in a glass spherical microcavity is investigated. The CdSexS1-x semiconductor clusters embedded in a glass matrix are fabricated by using the heat treatment method. Periodical structures consisting of sharp spectral lines are observed in the PL spectra of CdSexS1-x QDs, which can be well explained by the coupling with the whispering gallery modes of the spherical microcavity based on Mie scattering theory.

The out-of-plane squeeze-out effect in relativistic heavy ion collisions is used to estimate the reaction plane by performing a modified transverse momentum analysis. A technique for investigating the azimuthal correlation between the out-of-plane squeeze-out and directed in-plane flow is described. A clear signature of the azimuthal correlation is evidenced in the 600 A MeV Au + Au reaction from the quantum molecular dynamic model calculations.

The introduction of poly(ether urethane) (PEUR) into polymer electrolyte based on poly(ethylene oxide), LiI and I2, has significantly increased the ionic conductivity by nearly two orders of magnitudes. An increment of I−3 diffusion coefficient is also observed. All-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells are constructed using the polymer electrolytes. It was found that PEUR incorporation has a beneficial effect on the enhancement of open circuit voltage Voc by shifting the band edge of TiO2 to a negative value. Scanning electron microscope images indicate the perfect interfacial contact between the TiO2 electrode and the blend electrolyte.

The elliptic flow of a hadron is calculated using a quark coalescence model based on the quark phase space distribution produced by a free streaming locally thermalized quark in a two-dimensional transverse plane at initial time. Without assuming the quark's elliptic flow, it is shown that the hadron obtains a non-zero elliptic flow in this model. The elliptic flow of the hadron is shown to be sensitive to both space momentum correlation and the hadron's internal structure. Quark number scaling is obtained only for some special cases.

Elliptic flow for Au+Au non-central collisions at = 200 GeV is investigated within a (2+1)-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The results show that the eccentricity scaling for the collisions is almost perfect. The evolution including the phase transition conforms to the demand of scaling invariance of hydrodynamics of the collision system.