Author: "LI Zhi" / Topic: general physics and astronomy - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

388 results on '"LI Zhi"'

1. Evolutionary route of nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis and its clinical significance

Author: Mei Lin, Xiao-Long Zhang, Rui You, You-Ping Liu, Hong-Min Cai, Li-Zhi Liu, Xue-Fei Liu, Xiong Zou, Yu-Long Xie, Ru-Hai Zou, Yi-Nuan Zhang, Rui Sun, Wei-Yi Feng, Hai-Yan Wang, Gui-Hua Tao, Hao-Jiang Li, Wen-Jie Huang, Chao Zhang, Pei-Yu Huang, Jin Wang, Qi Zhao, Qi Yang, Hong-Wan Zhang, Ting Liu, Hui-Feng Li, Xiao-Bing Jiang, Jun Tang, Yang-Kui Gu, Tao Yu, Zhi-Qiang Wang, Lin Feng, Tie-Bang Kang, Zhi-Xiang Zuo, and Ming-Yuan Chen
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract: It is critical to understand factors associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis. To track the evolutionary route of metastasis, here we perform an integrative genomic analysis of 163 matched blood and primary, regional lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis tumour samples, combined with single-cell RNA-seq on 11 samples from two patients. The mutation burden, gene mutation frequency, mutation signature, and copy number frequency are similar between metastatic tumours and primary and regional lymph node tumours. There are two distinct evolutionary routes of metastasis, including metastases evolved from regional lymph nodes (lymphatic route, 61.5%, 8/13) and from primary tumours (hematogenous route, 38.5%, 5/13). The hematogenous route is characterised by higher IFN-γ response gene expression and a higher fraction of exhausted CD8+ T cells. Based on a radiomics model, we find that the hematogenous group has significantly better progression-free survival and PD-1 immunotherapy response, while the lymphatic group has a better response to locoregional radiotherapy.
Published: 2023

2. Atlas of dynamic spectra of fast radio burst FRB 20201124A

Author: Wang, Bo-Jun, Xu, Heng, Jiang, Jin-Chen, Xu, Jiang-Wei, Niu, Jia-Rui, Chen, Ping, Lee, Ke-Jia, Zhang, Bing, Zhu, Wei-Wei, Dong, Su-Bo, Zhang, Chun-Feng, Fu, Hai, Zhou, De-Jiang, Zhang, Yong-Kun, Wang, Pei, Feng, Yi, Li, Ye, Li, Dong-Zi, Lu, Wen-Bin, Yang, Yuan-Pei, Caballero, R. N., Cai, Ce, Chen, Mao-Zheng, Dai, Zi-Gao, Esamdin, A., Gan, Heng-Qian, Han, Jin-Lin, Hao, Long-Fei, Huang, Yu-Xiang, Jiang, Peng, Li, Cheng-Kui, Li, Di, Li, Hui, Li, Xin-Qiao, Li, Zhi-Xuan, Liu, Zhi-Yong, Luo, Rui, Men, Yun-Peng, Niu, Chen-Hui, Peng, Wen-Xi, Qian, Lei, Song, Li-Ming, Sun, Jing-Hai, Wang, Fa-Yin, Wang, Min, Wang, Na, Wang, Wei-Yang, Wu, Xue-Feng, Xiao, Shuo, Xiong, Shao-Lin, Xu, Yong-Hua, Xu, Ren-Xin, Yang, Jun, Yang, Xuan, Yao, Rui, Yi, Qi-Bin, Yue, You-Ling, Yu, Dong-Jun, Yu, Wen-Fei, Yuan, Jian-Ping, Zhang, Bin-Bin, Zhang, Song-Bo, Zhang, Shuang-Nan, Zhao, Yi, Zheng, Wei-Kang, Zhu, Yan, and Zou, Jin-Hang
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are highly dispersed millisecond-duration radio bursts,[1,2] of which the physical origin is still not fully understood. FRB 20201124A is one of the most actively repeating FRBs. In this paper, we present the collection of 1863 burst dynamic spectra of FRB 20201124A measured with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). The current collection, taken from the observation during the FRB active phase from April to June 2021, is the largest burst sample detected for any FRB so far. The standard PSRFITs format is adopted, including dynamic spectra of the burst, and the time information of the dynamic spectra, in addition, mask files help readers to identify the pulse positions are also provided. The dataset is available in Science Data Bank, with the link https://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00076.
Published: 2023

3. Electron-Accepting Micelles Deplete Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate and Impair Two Antioxidant Cascades for Ferroptosis-Induced Tumor Eradication

Author: Zheng Wang, Li Zhi, Peipei Dai, Yanjun Zhao, Fang Liu, Bingbing Wang, Yan Qin, Jian Deng, Aiping Fan, and Xuliang Guo
Subjects: Antioxidant, medicine.medical_treatment, General Physics and Astronomy, Electrons, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, GPX4, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Antioxidants, Cofactor, Phosphates, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cell Line, Tumor, Neoplasms, medicine, Animals, Ferroptosis, General Materials Science, Micelles, biology, General Engineering, Glutathione, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, biology.protein, Biophysics, Thioredoxin, 0210 nano-technology, Oxidation-Reduction, NADP, Intracellular, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, Oxidative stress
Abstract: Ferroptotic antitumor therapy has been compromised by various intracellular antioxidants, particularly glutathione and thioredoxin. Both are cofactors of glutathione peroxide 4 (GPX4) that act against oxidative stress via catalyzing the reduction of lipid peroxides. It was postulated that tailored polymer micelles could enhance ferroptotic antitumor efficacy via diminishing glutathione and thioredoxin under hypoxia. The aim was to engineer hypoxia-responsive micelles for selective enhancement of ferroptotic cell death in solid tumor. The polymer contains hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) that is linked by azobenzene linker with nitroimidazole-conjugated polypeptide. The tailored polymer could self-assemble into nanoscale micelles to encapsulate RAS-selective lethal small molecule 3, a covalent GPX4 inhibitor. Under hypoxia, the azobenzene moiety enabled PEG shedding and enhanced micelles uptake in 4T1 cells. Likewise, the nitroimidazole moiety was reduced by the overexpressed nitroreductase with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as the cofactor, resulting in transient depletion of NADPH. This impaired both the glutathione and thioredoxin redox cycle, leading to diminished intracellular glutathione and thioredoxin. The selective potency of ferroptotic micelles in depleting NADPH, glutathione and thioredoxin was further verified in vivo in the 4T1 tumor xenograft mice model. This work highlights the role of hypoxia-responsive polymers in enhancing the potency of ferroptotic inducers against solid tumors without additional side effects to healthy organs.
Published: 2020

4. Imaginary-time Quantum Relaxation Critical Dynamics with Semi-ordered Initial States

Author: Li, Zhi-Xuan, Yin, Shuai, and Shu, Yu-Rong
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract: We explore the imaginary-time relaxation dynamics near quantum critical points with semi-ordered initial states. Different from the case with homogeneous ordered initial states, in which the order parameter $M$ decays homogeneously as $M\propto \tau^{-\beta/\nu z}$, here $M$ depends on the location $x$, showing rich scaling behaviors. Similar to the classical relaxation dynamics with an initial domain wall in Model A, which describes the purely dissipative dynamics, here as the imaginary time evolves, the domain wall expands into an interfacial region with growing size. In the interfacial region, the local order parameter decays as $M\propto \tau^{-\beta_1/\nu z}$, with $\beta_1$ being an additional dynamic critical exponent. Far away from the interfacial region the local order parameter decays as $M\propto \tau^{-\beta/\nu z}$ in the short-time stage, then crosses over to the scaling behavior of $M\propto \tau^{-\beta_1/\nu z}$ when the location $x$ is absorbed in the interfacial region. A full scaling form characterizing these scaling properties is developed. The quantum Ising model in both one and two dimensions are taken as examples to verify the scaling theory. In addition, we find that for the quantum Ising model the scaling function is an analytical function and $\beta_1$ is not an independent exponent., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2022
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5. Observation of magnetic droplets in magnetic tunnel junctions

Author: Shi, Kewen, Cai, Wenlong, Jiang, Sheng, Zhu, Daoqian, Cao, Kaihua, Guo, Zongxia, Wei, Jiaqi, Du, Ao, Li, Zhi, Huang, Yan, Yin, Jialiang, Akerman, Johan, and Zhao, Weisheng
Subjects: Physics::Fluid Dynamics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics - Applied Physics, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
Abstract: Magnetic droplets, a class of highly non-linear magnetodynamical solitons, can be nucleated and stabilized in nanocontact spin-torque nano-oscillators where they greatly increase the microwave output power. Here, we experimentally demonstrate magnetic droplets in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). The droplet nucleation is accompanied by a power increase of over 300 times compared to its ferromagnetic resonance modes. The nucleation and stabilization of droplets are ascribed to the double-CoFeB free layer structure in the all-perpendicular MTJ which provides a low Zhang-Li torque and a high pinning field. Our results enable better electrical sensitivity in the fundamental studies of droplets and show that the droplets can be utilized in MTJ-based applications.
Published: 2021

6. Three chromosome-level duck genome assemblies provide insights into genomic variation during domestication

Author: Jing-Pin Hao, Ziding Zhang, Shuisheng Hou, Si-Ran Ding, Fang-Xi Yang, Zhengkui Zhou, Jacqueline Smith, Ning Yang, Fang-Bing Lin, Zheng Wang, Zhuo-Cheng Hou, Feng Zhu, Guan-Sheng Li, Fan Zhang, Qiang-Sen Zhao, Fergal J. Martin, Xiao-Qin Li, Denye Ogeh, David W. Burt, Maxwell T. Hincke, Li-Zhi Lu, and Zhong-Tao Yin
Subjects: Anas, Agricultural genetics, Male, animal structures, Zygote, viruses, Science, animal diseases, Pekin duck, biology.animal_breed, Population, General Physics and Astronomy, Genomics, Breeding, Genome, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Avian Proteins, COUP Transcription Factor II, Domestication, Egg Shell, Animals, Lectins, C-Type, education, Gene, Comparative genomics, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Adipogenesis, biology, Gene Expression Profiling, virus diseases, Molecular Sequence Annotation, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Lipid Metabolism, Ducks, Gene Ontology, Adipose Tissue, Gene Expression Regulation, Evolutionary biology, Mutation, Female
Abstract: Domestic ducks are raised for meat, eggs and feather down, and almost all varieties are descended from the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Here, we report chromosome-level high-quality genome assemblies for meat and laying duck breeds, and the Mallard. Our new genomic databases contain annotations for thousands of new protein-coding genes and recover a major percentage of the presumed “missing genes” in birds. We obtain the entire genomic sequences for the C-type lectin (CTL) family members that regulate eggshell biomineralization. Our population and comparative genomics analyses provide more than 36 million sequence variants between duck populations. Furthermore, a mutant cell line allows confirmation of the predicted anti-adipogenic function of NR2F2 in the duck, and uncovered mutations specific to Pekin duck that potentially affect adipose deposition. Our study provides insights into avian evolution and the genetics of oviparity, and will be a rich resource for the future genetic improvement of commercial traits in the duck., Domestic ducks are descended from the Mallard and have been bred for several purposes. Here the authors present three high-quality duck genome assemblies which recover previously missing genes and provide a rich resource of variants potentially related to domestication.
Published: 2021

7. Search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in Z-boson decays with the ATLAS detector

Author: Aad, Georges, Abbott, Braden Keim, Avner, Gal, Fadol Mohammed, Abdualazem, Fusayasu, T., Fuster Verdu, Juan Antonio, Gabrielli, Alessandro, Gabrielli, Andrea, Gadatsch, S., Gadow, Paul Philipp, Gagliardi, Guido, Gagnon, Louis-guillaume, Gallardo, Gabriel Emmanuel, Gallas, Elizabeth Jean, Mokgatitswane, Gaogalalwe, Gallop, Bruce Joseph, Gamboa Goni, Rodrigo, Gan, Kock Kiam, Ganguly, Sanmay, Gao, Jun, Gao, Yanyan, Gao, Yongsheng, Garay Walls, Francisca, Garcia, Carmen, Garcia Navarro, Jose Enrique, Mondal, Santu, Garcia Pascual, Juan Antonio, Garcia-Argos, C., Garcia-sciveres, Mauricio Andres, Gardner Jr, Robert William, Garelli, N., Gargiulo, Simona, Garner, Christopher Andrew, Garonne, Vincent, Gasiorowski, Sean Joseph, Do Nascimento Gaspar, Philipp, Mullin, Joseph James, Gaudiello, A., Gaudio, Gabriella, Gauzzi, Paolo, Gavrilenko, Igor, Gavriliuk, Aleksandr, Gay, Colin Warren, Gaycken, Goetz Frieder, Gazis, Evangelos, Geanta, Andrei Alexandru, Gee, Carolyn Mei, Murin, Martin, Gee, Charles Norman, Geisen, Jannik, Geisen, Marc, Gemme, Claudia, Genest, Marie-helene, Geng, C., Gentile, Simonetta, George, Simon, Geralis, Theodoros, Gerlach, Lino Oscar, Higuchi, Yu, Gessinger-befurt, Paul, Gessner, G., Ghasemi Bostanabad, Meisam, Ghneimat, Mazuza Mohammad A, Ghosh, Aishik, Ghosh, Anindya, Giacobbe, Benedetto, Giagu, Stefano, Giangiacomi, Nico, Giannetti, Paola, Nass, Christian, Giannini, Antonio, Giannini, G., Gibson, Stephen Michael, Gignac, Matthew, Gil, Damian Tomasz, Gilbert, Benjamin Jacob, Gillberg, Dag Ingemar, Gilles, Geoffrey, Gillwald, Nils Ernst Klaus, Gingrich, Douglas, Navarro Gonzalez, Josep, Giordani, Mario, Giraud, Pierre-francois, Giugliarelli, Gilberto, Giugni, Danilo, Giuli, Francesco, Gkaitatzis, S., Gkialas, Ioannis, Gkougkousis, Evangelos Leonidas, Gkountoumis, Panagiotis, Gladilin, Leonid, Nelson, Kevin Michael, Glasman Kuguel, Claudia Beatriz, Glatzer, J., Glazov, A., Gledhill, Galen Rhodes, Gnesi, Ivan, Goblirsch-kolb, Maximilian Emanuel, Godin, Dominique, Goldfarb, Steven, Golling, Tobias Felix, Golubkov, Dmitry, Neundorf, Jonas, Da Silva Gomes, Agostinho, Goncalves Gama, Rafael, Morais Silva Goncalo, Ricardo Jose, Gonella, Giulia, Gonella, Laura, Gongadze, Alexi, Gonnella, Francesco, Gonski, Julia Lynne, Gonzalez De La Hoz, Santiago, Gonzalez Fernandez, Sergio, Badea, Anthony, Ng, Yan Wing, Gonzalez Lopez, Ricardo, Gonzalez Renteria, Cesar, Gonzalez Suarez, Rebeca, Gonzalez Sevilla, Sergio, Gonzalvo Rodriguez, Galo Rafael, Goossens, Luc, Gorasia, Nandish Arjan, Gorbounov, Petr, Gordon, Howard, Gorini, Benedetto, Norfolk, Mitchell Bradley, Gorini, Edoardo, Gorisek, Andrej, Goshaw, Alfred Thomas, Gostkin, Mikhail, Gottardo, Carlo Alberto, Gouighri, Mohamed, Goussiou, Anna, Govender, Nicolin, Goy, Corinne, Grabowska-bold, Iwona Agnieszka, Bin Norisam, Raif Rafideen, Graham, E. C., Gramling, J., Gramstad, Eirik, Grancagnolo, Sergio, Grandi, Mario, Grachev, Vadim, Gravila, Paul Mircea, Gravili, Francesco Giuseppe, Gray, C., Gray, Heather, Novotny, Lukas, Grefe, Christian, Gregersen, K., Gregor, Ingrid-maria, Grenier, Philippe Jean-paul, Grevtsov, Kirill, Grieco, Chiara, Grieser, Nathan Allen, Grillo, Alexander A, Grimm, Kathryn, Grinstein, Sebastian, Oliveira Goncalves, Dayane, Grivaz, Jean-francois, Groh, Sabrina, Gross, Eilam, Grosse-knetter, Jorn, Grout, Zara Jane, Grud, Christopher Ryan, Grummer, Aidan, Grundy, James Cameron, Guan, Liang, Guan, Wen, Zeid, O. S. Abou, Gubbels, Christopher, Guenther, Jaroslav, Guerguichon, A., Rojas, J. G. R. Guerrero, Guescini, Francesco, Guest, Daniel Hay, Gugel, Ralf, Guida, Alessandro, Guillemin, Thibault, Guindon, Stefan, Abramowicz, Halina Edwarda, Guo, Jun, Guo, W., Guo, Yuxiang, Guo, Z., Gupta, Ruchi, Gurbuz, Saime, Gustavino, Giuliano, Guth, Manuel, Gutierrez, Phillip, Gutschow, Christian, Abreu Aguilar, Henso Javier, Guyot, Claude, Gwenlan, Claire, Gwilliam, Carl Bryan, Haaland, Even Simonsen, Haas, Andrew Colton, Haber, Carl, Hadavand, Haleh Khani, Hadef, Asma, Haleem, Mahsana, Haley, Joseph, Abulaiti, Yiming, Hall, Jack Joseph, Halladjian, Garabed, Hallewell, Gregory David, Hamano, Kenji, Hamdaoui, Hassane, Hamer, Matthias, Hamity, Guillermo Nicolas, Han, Kunlin, Han, Liangliang, Han, Liang, Acharya, Bobby Samir, Han, Shuo, Han, Yi Fei, Hanagaki, Kazunori, Hance, Michael, Handl, D. M., Hank, Michael Donald, Hankache, Robert, Hansen, Eva Brottmann, Hansen, Joergen Beck, Hansen, Joern Dines, Bahrasemani, Sina, Achkar, Baida, Hansen, Maike Christina, Hansen, Peter Henrik, Hanson, E. C., Hara, Kazuhiko, Harenberg, Torsten, Harkusha, Siarhei, Harrison, Paul Fraser, Hartman, Nicole Michelle, Hartmann, Nikolai, Hasegawa, Yoji, Adam, Lennart, Hasib, A. A., Hassani, Samira, Haug, Sigve, Hauser, Reiner, Havranek, Miroslav, Hawkes, Christopher, Hawkings, Richard John, Hayashida, Shota, Hayden, Daniel Adam, Hayes, Christopher Robyn, Adam Bourdarios, Claire, Hayes, Robin, Hays, Christopher Paul, Hays, Jonathan Michael, Hayward, Helen Sarah, Haywood, Stephen James, He, Fudong, He, Yunjian, Heath, Matthew Peter, Hedberg, Vincent, Heggelund, Andreas Lokken, Adamczyk, Leszek, Hehir, Natasha Domenica, Heidegger, Constantin, Heidegger, Kim Katrin, Heidorn, William Dale, Heilman, Jesse Alan, Heim, Sarah, Heim, Timon Frank-thomas, Heinemann, Beate, Heinlein, James Geddy, Heinrich, Jochen Jens, Adamek, Lukas, Heinrich, Lukas Alexander, Hejbal, Jiri, Helary, Louis, Held, Alexander, Hellesund, Simen, Helling, Cole Michael, Hellman, Sten Lennart, Helsens, Clement, Henderson, R. C. W., Henkelmann, Lars, Adelman, Jahred Adam, Henriques Correia, Ana Maria, Herde, Hannah Elizabeth, Hernandez Jimenez, Yesenia, Herr, Holger Arnold, Herrmann, Maximilian Georg, Herrmann, Tim, Herten, Leonhard Gregor, Hertenberger, Ralf, Hervas, Luis, Hesketh, G. G., Adiguzel, Aytul, Hessey, Nigel Paul, Hibi, Hiroaki, Higashino, Satoshi, Higon-rodriguez, Emilio, Hildebrand, K., Hill, Kurt Keys, Hiller, Karlheinz, Hillier, Stephen James, Hils, Maximilian, Hinchliffe, Ian, Adorni Braccesi Chiassi, Sofia, Hinterkeuser, Florian, Hirose, Minoru, Hirose, Shigeki, Hirschbuehl, Dominic, Hiti, Bojan, Hladik, Ondrej, Hobbs, John David, Hobincu, Radu, Tal Hod, Noam, Hodgkinson, Mark Christopher, Adye, Timothy John, Hoecker, Andreas, Hohn, David, Hohov, D., Holm, Tanja, Holmes, Tova Ray, Holzbock, Michael Helmut, Hommels, Bart Leonard Anton, Hong, Tae Min, Honig, Jan Cedric, Honle, Andreas, Affolder, Anthony, Hooberman, Benjamin Henry, Hopkins, Walter Howard, Horii, Yasuyuki, Horn, Philipp, Horyn, Lesya Anna, Hou, Suen, Hoummada, A., Howarth, James William, Hoya, Joaquin, Hrabovsky, Miroslav, Ballabene, Eric, Afik, Yoav, Hrivnac, J., Hrynevich, Aliaksei, Hrynova, Tetiana, Hsu, P. J., Hsu, Shih-chieh, Hu, Qipeng, Hu, Shuyang, Hu, Yifan, Huang, Danping, Huang, Xiaozhong, Agapopoulou, Christina, Huang, Yanping, Huang, Yicong, Hubacek, Zdenek, Hubaut, Fabrice, Hubner, Michael, Huegging, Fabian Georg, Huffman, Todd Brian, Huhtinen, Mika, Hulsken, Raphael, Huseynov, Nazim, Agaras, Merve Nazlim, Huston, Joey, Huth, John Edward, Hyneman, Rachel Jordan, Hyrych, Sofiia, Iacobucci, Giuseppe, Iakovidis, Georgios, Ibragimov, Iskander, Iconomidou-fayard, Lydia, Iengo, Paolo, Ignazzi, Rosanna, Aggarwal, Anamika, Iguchi, Ryunosuke, Iizawa, Tomoya, Ikegami, Yoichi, Ikeno, M., Ilic, Nikolina, Iltzsche, F., Imam, Hajar, Introzzi, Gianluca, Iodice, Mauro, Iordanidou, K., Agheorghiesei, Catalin, Ippolito, Valerio, Isacson, M. F., Ishino, Masaya, Islam, Wasikul, Issever, Cigdem, Istin, Serhat, Iturbe Ponce, Julia Mariana, Iuppa, Roberto, Ivina, Anna, Izen, Joseph Michael, Aguilar Saavedra, Juan Antonio, Izzo, Vincenzo, Jacka, Petr, Jackson, Paul Douglas, Jacobs, Ruth Magdalena, Jaeger, Benjamin Paul, Jain, V., Jakel, Gunnar, Jakobi, Katharina Bianca, Jakobs, Karl, Jakoubek, Tomas, Ahmad, Ammara, Jamieson, Jonathan, Janas, Krzysztof Wojciech, Jansky, R., Janus, M., Janus, P. A., Jarlskog, Goran, Jaspan, Adam Elliott, Javadov, Namig, Javurek, Tomas, Javurkova, Martina, Ahmadov, Faig, Jeanneau, Fabien, Jeanty, Laura, Jejelava, Juansher, Jenni, Peter, Jeong, N., Jezequel, Stephane, Jia, Jiangyong, Jia, Zihang, Jiang, H., Jiang, Yi, Ahmed, Waleed Syed, Jiang, Z., Jiggins, Stephen, Morales, F. A. Jimenez, Jimenez Pena, Javier, Jin, Shan, Jinaru, Adam, Jinnouchi, Osamu, Jivan, H., Johansson, Per Daniel Conny, Johns, Kenneth Arthur, Ai, Xiaocong, Johnson, Christian, Jones, Eleanor, Jones, R. W. L., Jones, Timothy John, Jovicevic, Jelena, Ju, Xiangyang, Junggeburth, Johannes Josef, Juste Rozas, Aurelio, Kaczmarska, Anna, Kado, Marumi Marcello, Barends, Kevin Nicholas, Aielli, Giulio, Kagan, Harris Peter, Kagan, Michael Aaron, Kahn, Alan Mathew, Kahra, Christian, Kaji, Toshiaki, Kajomovitz Must, Enrique, Kalderon, Charles William, Kaluza, Adam, Kamenshchikov, A., Kaneda, Michiru, Akatsuka, Shunichi, Kang, Nathan Jihoon, Kang, Shuaiyan, Kano, Yuya, Kanzaki, Junichi, Kaplan, L. S., Kar, Deepak, Karava, Kla, Kareem, Mohammad, Karkanias, Ioannis, Karpov, Sergey, Akbiyik, Melike, Karpova, Zoya, Kartvelishvili, Vakhtang, Karyukhin, Andrey, Kasimi, Eirini, Kastanas, A., Kato, Chikuma, Katzy, Judith, Kawade, Kentaro, Kawagoe, Kiyotomo, Kawaguchi, Tomomi, Akesson, Torsten Paul Ake, Kawamoto, Tatsuo, Kawamura, Gen, Kay, Ellis Fawn, Kaya, Fikriye Idil, Kazakos, Stergios, Kazanin, Vassili, Keaveney, James Michael, Keeler, Richard, Keller, John Stakely, Kellermann, E., Akilli, E., Kelsey, Daniel Christopher, Kempster, Jacob Julian, Kendrick, James Andrew, Kennedy, Kiley Elizabeth, Kepka, Oldrich, Kersten, Susanne, Kersevan, Borut Paul, Ketabchi Haghighat, Sana, Khalil-Zada, F., Khandoga, Mykola, Akimov, Andrey, Khanov, Alexander, Kharlamov, Alexey, Kharlamova, Tatyana, Khoda, Elham E, Khoo, Teng Jian, Khoriauli, Gia, Khramov, Evgeny, Khubua, Jemal, Kido, Shogo, Kiehn, Moritz Simon Maria, Al Khoury, Konie, Kim, Eunchong, Kim, Young-kee, Kimura, Naoki, Kirchhoff, Andreas, Kirchmeier, David, Kirk, Julie, Kiryunin, Andrey, Kishimoto, Tomoe, Kisliuk, Dylan Perry, Kitali, Vincent, Alberghi, Gian Luigi, Kitsaki, Chara, Kivernyk, Oleh, Klapdor-kleingrothaus, Thorwald, Klassen, Martin, Klein, Christoph Thomas, Klein, Matthew Henry, Klein, Max, Klein, Uta, Kleinknecht, K., Klimek, Pawel Jan, Albert, Justin Emanuel, Klimentov, Alexei, Klimpel, Fabian, Klingl, Tobias, Klioutchnikova, Tatiana, Klitzner, Felix Fidelio, Kluit, Peter Martin, Kluth, Stefan, Kneringer, Emmerich, Knue, Andrea Helen, Kobayashi, Dai, Alconada Verzini, Maria Josefina, Kobel, Michael, Kocian, Martin Lukas, Kodama, Takafumi, Kodys, Peter, Kock, Daniela Maria, Konig, Philipp Thomas, Koffas, Thomas, Koehler, Nicolas Maximilian, Kolb, Mathis Simon, Koletsou, Iro, Bashta, Inna, Alderweireldt, Sara Caroline, Komarek, Tomas, Kondo, T., Koeneke, Karsten, Kong, Albert Xing Yi, Kono, Takanori, Konstantinides, Vasilis, Konstantinidis, Nikolaos, Konya, Balazs, Kopeliansky, Revital, Koperny, Stefan Zenon, Aleksa, Martin, Korcyl, Krzysztof Marian, Kordas, Konstantinos, Koren, Guy, Korn, Andreas Michael, Korolkov, Ilya, Korolkova, Elena, Korotkova, Natalia, Kortner, Oliver, Kortner, Sandra, Kostyukhin, Vadim, Aleksandrov, I. N., Kotsokechagia, Anastasia, Kotwal, Ashutosh Vijay, Koulouris, Aimilianos, Kourkoumeli-charalampidi, Athina, Kourkoumelis, Christine, Kourlitis, Evangelos, Kouskoura, V., Kowalewski, Robert Victor, Kozanecki, Witold, Kozhin, Anatoly, Alexa, Calin, Kramarenko, Victor, Kramberger, Gregor, Krasnopevtsev, Dimitrii, Krasny, Mieczyslaw Witold, Krasznahorkay, Attila, Krauss, D., Kremer, Jakub Andrzej, Kretzschmar, Jan, Kreul, Ken Matthias, Krieger, Peter, Alexopoulos, Theodoros, Krieter, Ferdinand, Krishnamurthy, Samyukta, Krishnan, Anjali, Krivos, Martin, Krizka, Karol, Kroeninger, Kevin Alexander, Kroha, Hubert, Kroll, Jiri, Kroll, Joseph Ira, Krowpman, Kyle Stuart, Alfonsi, Alice, Kruchonak, Uladzimir, Krueger, Hans, Krumnack, Nils Erik, Kruse, Mark Charles, Krzysiak, Janina Anna, Kubota, Arisa, Kuchinskaia, Olesia, Kuday, Sinan, Kuchler, Daniela, Kuechler, Jan Thomas, Alfonsi, Fabrizio, Kuehn, S., Kuhl, Thorsten, Kukhtin, Victor, Kulchitsky, Y., Kuleshov, Sergey, Kulinich, Y. P., Kuna, Marine, Kupco, Alexander, Kupfer, Tobias, Kuprash, Oleg, Alhroob, Muhammad, Kurashige, Hisaya, Kurchaninov, Leonid, Kurochkin, Yurii, Kurova, Anastasiia, Kurth, Matthew Glenn, Kuwertz, Emma Sian, Kuze, Masahiro, Kvam, Audrey Katherine, Kvita, Jiri, Kwan, Tony, Ali, Babar, Lacasta Llacer, Carlos, Lacava, Francesco, Lacker, Heiko Markus, Lacour, Didier, Ladygin, Evgeny, Lafaye, Remi, Laforge, Bertrand, Lagouri, Theodota, Lai, Stanley Tsai-ting, Lakomiec, Inga Katarzyna, Ali, Shahzad, Lambert, Joseph Earl, Lammers, Sabine Wedam, Lampl, Walter, Lampoudis, Christos, Lancon, Eric Christian, Landgraf, Ulrich, Landon, Murrough, Lang, Valerie Susanne, Lange, Joern Christian, Langenberg, Robert Johannes, Basson, Candice Ruth, Aliev, Malik, Lankford, Andrew James, Lanni, Francesco, Lantzsch, Kerstin, Lanza, Agostino, Lapertosa, Alessandro, Laporte, Jean-francois, Lari, Tommaso, Lasagni Manghi, Federico, Lassnig, Mario, Latonova, Vera, Alimonti, Gianluca, Lau, Tak Shun, Laudrain, Antoine, Laurier, Alexandre, Lavorgna, Marco, Lawlor, Sean Dean, Lazzaroni, Massimo, Le, Brian, Guirriec, E. Le, Lebedev, Alexandre, Leblanc, Matthew Edgar, Allaire, Corentin, LeCompte, T., Ledroit-Guillon, F., Lee, Ava Chloe Audrey, Lee, Claire Alexandra, Lee, Graham Richard, Lee Jr, Lawrence, Lee, Shih-chang, Lee, Songkyo, Lefebvre, Benoit, Lefebvre, Helena, Allbrooke, Benedict, Lefebvre, Michel, Leggett, Charles, Lehmann, Konstantin, Lehmann, Niklaus, Lehmann Miotto, Giovanna, Leight, William Axel, Leisos, Antonios, Lisboa Leite, Marco Aurelio, Leitgeb, Clara Elisabeth, Leitner, Rupert, Allen, B. W., Leney, Katharine, Lenz, Tatjana, Leone, Sandra, Leonidopoulos, Christos, Leopold, Alexander, Leroy, Claude, Les, Robert, Lester, Christopher Gorham, Levchenko, Mikhail, Leveque, Jessica, Allport, Philip Patrick, Levin, Daniel Sheldon, Levinson, Lorne Joel, Lewis, Daniel James, Li, Boyang, Li, Bing, Li, Changqiao, Li, F., Li, Heng, Li, Haifeng, Li, Jing, Aloisio, Alberto, Li, Ke, Li, Liang, Li, Mengran, Li, Quanyin, Li, Shu, Li, Xingguo, Li, Yichen, Li, Zhi, Li, Zhiying, Li, Zhelun, Alonso, Francisco, Li, Zhiyuan, Liang, Zhijun, Liberatore, Marianna, Liberti, Barbara, Lie, Ki, Lim, S., Lin, C. Y., Lin, Kuan-yu, Linck, Rebecca Anne, Lindley, Rachel Elizabeth, Alpigiani, Cristiano, Lindon, Jack Henry, Linss, Arthur, Lionti, A. L., Lipeles, Elliot David, Lipniacka, Anna, Lister, Alison Claire, Little, Jared David, Liu, Bo, Liu, Bingxuan, Blumenschein, Heidrun, Alunno Camelia, Elio, Liu, Jianbei, Liu, Jesse Kar Kee, Liu, Kun, Liu, Minghui, Liu, Mingyi, Liu, Peilian, Liu, Xiaotian, Liu, Yi, Liu, Yang, Liu, Yanlin, Beirao Da Cruz E Silva, Cristovao, Alvarez Estevez, Manuel, Liu, Yanwen, Livan, Michele, Lleres, Annick, Llorente Merino, Javier, Lloyd, Stephen, Lo, C. Y., Lobodzinska, Ewelina Maria, Loch, Peter, Loffredo, Salvatore, Lohse, Thomas, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Lohwasser, Kristin, Lokajicek, Milos, Long, Jonathan David, Long, Robin Eamonn, Longarini, Iacopo, Longo, Luigi, Lopez Paz, Ivan, Lopez Solis, Alvaro, Lorenz, Jeanette Miriam, Lorenzo Martinez, Narei, Do Amaral Coutinho, Yara, Lory, Alexander Mario, Loesle, Alena, Lou, Xuanhong, Lou, Xinchou, Lounis, Abdenour, Love, Jeremy Robert, Love, Peter Allan, Lozano Bahilo, Jose Julio, Lu, Miaoran, Lu, Yun-ju, Ambler, Alessandro, Lubatti, Henry, Luci, Claudio, Lucio Alves, Fabio Lucio, Lucotte, Arnaud, Luehring, Frederick, Luise, Ilaria, Luminari, Lamberto, Lund-jensen, Bengt, Luongo, Nicholas Andrew, Lutz, Margaret Susan, Ambroz, Luca, Lynn, David, Lyons, Harry John, Lysak, Roman, Lytken, Else, Lyu, Feng, Lyubushkin, Vladimir, Lyubushkina, Tatiana, Ma, Hong, Ma, Lianliang, Ma, Yanhui, Amelung, Christoph, Donell, D. M. Mac, Maccarrone, Giovanni, Macdonald, Calum Michael, Macdonald, Jack Cameron, Miguens, J. Machado, Madar, Romain Jacques, Mader, Wolfgang Franz, Madugoda Ralalage Don, Madhuranga, Madysa, Nico, Maeda, Jumpei, Amidei, Dante Eric, Maeno, Tadashi, Maerker, Max, Magerl, Veronika, Magini, N., Magro, Jacopo, Mahon, Devin James, Maidantchik, Carmen Lucia Lodi, Maio, Amelia, Maj, Klaudia, Majersky, Oliver, Amor Dos Santos, Susana Patricia, Majewski, Stephanie, Makida, Y., Makovec, Nikola, Malaescu, Bogdan, Malecki, Pa., Maleev, Victor, Malek, Fairouz, Malito, Davide, Mallik, Usha, Malone, Claire, Amoroso, Simone, Maltezos, Stavros, Malyukov, Sergei, Mamuzic, Judita, Mancini, Giada, Mandalia, Jesal Paresh, Mandic, Igor, Manhaes De Andrade Filho, Luciano, Maniatis, Ioannis Michail, Manjarres Ramos, Joany Andreina, Mankinen, Katja Hannele, Amrouche, Cherifa Sabrina, Mann, Alexander Winfried, Manousos, Athanasios, Mansoulie, Bruno, Manthos, Ioannis, Manzoni, Stefano, Marantis, Alexandros, Marceca, G., Marchese, Luigi, Marchiori, Giovanni, Marcisovsky, Michal, Beirer, Joshua Falco, An, F., Marcoccia, Lorenzo, Marcon, Caterina, Marjanovic, Marija, Marshall, Zachary Louis, Martensson, M. U. F., Marti I Garcia, Salvador, Martin, C. B., Martin, Timothy, Martin, Victoria Jane, Martin Dit Latour, Bertrand, Anastopoulos, Christos, Martinelli, Luca, Martinez-perez, Mario, Martinez Agullo, Pablo, Martinez Outschoorn, Verena Ingrid, Martin-haugh, Stewart, Martoiu, Victor Sorin, Martyniuk, Alex Christopher, Marzin, Antoine, Maschek, Stefan Raimund, Masetti, Lucia, Andari, Nansi, Mashimo, Tetsuro, Mashinistov, R., Masik, Jiri, Maslennikov, Aleksei, Massa, Lorenzo, Massarotti, Paolo, Mastrandrea, Paolo, Mastroberardino, Anna, Masubuchi, Tatsuya, Matakias, Dimitrios, Andeen, Timothy Robert, Matic, Andrea, Matsuzawa, Nobuo, Mättig, P., Maurer, Julien Benoit, Macek, Bostjan, Maximov, Dmitriy, Mazini, Rachid, Maznas, Ioannis, Mazza, Simone Michele, Mc Gowan, John Patrick, Anders, John Kenneth, Mc Kee, Shawn Patrick, Mccarthy, Thomas George, Mccormack, William Patrick, Mcdonald, Emily Frances, Mcdougall, Ashley Ellen, Mcfayden, Joshua Angus, Mchedlidze, Gvantsa, McKay, M. A., Mclean, Kayla Dawn, Mcmahon, Stephen James, Andrean, Stefio Yosse, Mcnamara, Peter Charles, Mcpherson, Robert Anthony, Mdhluli, J. E., Meadows, Zachary Alden, Meehan, Samuel Ross, Megy, Theo Jean, Mehlhase, Sascha, Mehta, Andrew, Meirose Da Silva Costa, Bernhard, Melini, Davide, Andreazza, Attilio, Mellado Garcia, Bruce Rafael, Melo, M., Meloni, Federico, Melzer, Alexander, Mendes Gouveia, Emanuel Demetrio, Mendes Jacques Da Costa, Antonio Manuel, Meng, Huan Yu, Meng, Lingxin, Meng, X. T., Menke, Sven, Andrei, George Victor, Meoni, Evelin, Mergelmeyer, S., Merkt, Sebastian Andreas, Merlassino, Claudia, Mermod, Philippe, Merola, Leonardo, Meroni, Chiara, Merz, Garrett William, Meshkov, Oleg, Meshreki, John Kamal Rizk, Anelli, C. R., Metcalfe, Jessica Erin, Mete, Alaettin Serhan, Meyer, Christopher John, Meyer, Jean-pierre, Michetti, Michele, Middleton, Robin, Mijovic, Liza, Mikenberg, Georges Roberto, Mikestikova, Marcela, Mikuz, Marko, Angelidakis, Stylianos, Mildner, Hannes, Milic, Adriana, Milke, Christopher Don, Miller, David Wilkins, Miller, Laura Stephanie, Milov, Alexander, Milstead, David Anthony, Minaenko, Andrey, Minashvili, Irakli, Mince, Laurynas, Bird, Gareth Adam, Angerami, Aaron Richard, Mincer, Allen Irving, Mindur, Bartosz, Mineev, Mikhail, Minegishi, Yuji, Mino, Yuya, Mir Martinez, Lluisa-maria, Mironova, Maria, Mitani, Takashi, Mitrevski, J., Mitsou, Vasiliki, Anisenkov, Alexey, Mittal, Monika, Miu, Ovidiu, Miucci, A., Miyagawa, Paul Shinichi, Mizukami, Atsushi, Mjoernmark, Jan-ulf, Mkrtchyan, Tigran, Mlynarikova, Michaela, Moa, Torbjorn, Mobius, Silke, Annovi, Alberto, Mochizuki, Kazuya, Moder, Paul, Mogg, Philipp, Mohapatra, Soumya, Moles-Valls, R., Monig, Klaus Werner, Monnier, Emmanuel, Montalbano, Alyssa Rae, Montejo Berlingen, Javier, Montella, Marco, Antel, Claire, Monticelli, Fernando Gabriel, Monzani, S., Morange, Nicolas Rene Jean, Moreira De Carvalho, Ana Luisa, Moreno, D., Moreno Llacer, Maria, Moreno Martinez, Carlos, Morettini, Paolo, Morgenstern, Marcus Matthias, Morgenstern, Stefanie, Anthony, Matthew Thomas, Mori, Daniel, Morii, Masahiro, Morinaga, Masahiro, Morisbak, Vanja, Morley, Anthony Keith, Mornacchi, G., Morris, Alice Polyxeni, Morvaj, Ljiljana, Moschovakos, Paraschos, Moser, Brian, Antipov, Egor, Mosidze, Maia, Moskalets, Tetiana, Moskvitina, Polina, Moss, Joshua James, Moyse, E. J. W., Muanza, Steve Guy, Mueller, James Alfred, Muenstermann, Daniel, Mullier, Geoffrey, Mungo, Davide Pietro, Antonelli, Mario, Munoz Martinez, Jose Luis, Munoz Sanchez, Francisca Javiela, Murin, Pavel, Murray, William John, Murrone, Alessia, Muse, Joseph M, Muskinja, Miha, Mwewa, Chilufya, Myagkov, Alexey, Myers, Ava Anne, Antrim, Daniel Joseph, Myers, Gregory William, Myers, J., Myska, Miroslav, Nachman, Benjamin Philip, Nackenhorst, Olaf, Nag, Abhishek, Nagai, Koichi, Nagano, Kunihiro, Nagasaka, Y., Nagle, James Lawrence, Anulli, Fabio, Nagy, Elemer, Nairz, Armin Michael, Nakahama, Y., Nakamura, Koji, Nakamura, T., Nanjo, Hajime, Napolitano, Fabrizio, Narayan, Rohin Thampilali, Naryshkin, Iurii, Naseri, Mohsen, Aoki, Masato, Naumann, Thomas, Navarro, Gabriela Alejandra, Nechaeva, Polina, Nechansky, Filip, Neep, Thomas James, Negri, Andrea, Negrini, Matteo, Nellist, Clara Jean May, Nelson, Christina, Nelson, Michael Edward, Abbott, Dale Charles, Bouquet, Romain, Aparo, Marco, Nemecek, Stanislav, Nessi, Marzio, Neubauer, Mark Stephen, Neuhaus, Friedemann, Neumann, M., Newhouse, Robin, Newman, Paul Richard, Ng, Chi Wing, Ng, Y. S., Ng, Ying Wun Yvonne, Aperio Bella, Ludovica, Ngair, Badr-eddine, Nguyen, Hoang Dai Nghia, Nguyen Manh, Tuan, Nibigira, E., Nickerson, Richard Bruce, Nikolaidou, Rodanthi, Nielsen, Daniel Stefaniak, Nielsen, Jason Alan, Niemeyer, Marcel, Nikiforou, Nikiforos, Aranzabal Barrio, Nordin, Nikolaenko, Vladimir, Nikolic-Audit, I., Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos, Nilsson, Paal Nils Bertil, Nindhito, Herjuno Rah, Nisati, Aleandro, Nishu, Nishu, Nisius, Richard, Nitsche, I., Nitta, Tatsumi, Araujo Ferraz, Victor, Nobe, Takuya, Noel, Daniel Louis, Noguchi, Yohei, Nomidis, Ioannis, Nomura, Marcelo Ayumu, Nordberg, M., Novak, Jakob, Novak, Tadej, Novgorodova, Olga, Novotny, Radek, Pereira, R. Araujo, Nozka, Libor, Ntekas, Konstantinos, Nurse, Emily Laura, Oakham, Gerald Frank, Ocariz, Jose Humberto, Ochi, Atsuhiko, Abreu Juliao Ochoa De Castro, Maria Ines, Ochoa, Jean-pierre, O'connor, Kelsey Shea, Oda, S., Arcangeletti, Chiara, Odaka, Shigeru, Ordek, Serhat, Ogrodnik, Agnieszka Ewa, Oh, Alexander, Ohm, Carl Christian, Oide, Hideyuki, Oishi, Reiyo, Ojeda, Martina Laura, Okawa, H., Okazaki, Yuta, Arce, Ayana Tamu, O'keefe, Michael William, Okumura, Yasuyuki, Olariu, Albert, Oleiro Seabra, Luis Filipe, Olivares Pino, Sebastian Andres, Oliveira Damazio, Denis, Oliver, Jason Lea, Olsson, Mats Joakim Robert, Olszewski, Andrzej Jan, Olszowska, Jolanta Barbara, Arguin, Jean-francois, Oncel, Omer Ogul, O'neil, Dugan Clive, O'neill, Aaron Paul, Onofre, Antonio, Onyisi, P. U. E., Oppen, Henrik, Oreamuno Madriz, Rafael Guillermo, Oreglia, Mark, Orellana, Gonzalo Enrique, Orestano, Domizia, Argyropoulos, Spyridon, Orlando, Nicola, Orr, Robert Steell, O'shea, Valentine, Ospanov, Rustem, Otero Y Garzon, Gustavo Javier, Otono, Hidetoshi, Ott, Philipp Sebastian, Ottino, Gregory James, Ouchrif, Mohamed, Ouellette, Jeffrey Cortlandt, Arling, Jan-hendrik, Ould-saada, Farid, Ouraou, Ahmimed, Ouyang, Qun, Owen, Mark Andrew, Owen, Rhys Edward, Ozcan, Erkcan Veysi, Ozturk, Nurcan, Pacalt, Josef, Pacey, Holly Ann, Pachal, Katherine, Budagov, Yulian, Armbruster, Aaron James, Pacheco Pages, Andres, Padilla Aranda, Cristobal, Pagan Griso, Simone, Palacino Caviedes, Gabriel David, Palazzo, Serena, Palestini, Sandro, Palka, Marek, Palni, Prabhakar, Pandini, Carlo Enrico, Panduro Vazquez, Jose Guillermo, Armstrong, A., Pani, Priscilla, Panizzo, Giancarlo, Paolozzi, Lorenzo, Papadatos, Constantine, Papageorgiou, K., Parajuli, Santosh, Paramonov, Alexander, Paraskevopoulos, Christos Dimitrios, Paredes Hernandez, Daniela Katherinne, Paredes Saenz, Santiago Rafael, Arnaez, Olivier Ludovic, Parida, Bibhuti, Park, Tae Hyoun, Parker, Adam Jackson, Parker, Andrew Michael, Parodi, Fabrizio, Parrish, Elliot Wesley, Parsons, John, Parzefall, Ulrich, Pascual Dominguez, Luis, Pascuzzi, Vincent, Arnold, Hannah Ruth, Pasquali, Federica, Pasqualucci, Enrico, Passaggio, Stefano, Pastore, Francesca, Pasuwan, Patrawan, Pataraia, S., Pater, Joleen, Pathak, Atanu, Patton, Joseph, Pauly, Thilo, Arrubarrena Tame, Zulit Paola, Pearkes, Jannicke Andree, Pedersen, Maiken, Pedraza Diaz, Lucia, Costa Batalha Pedro, Rute, Peiffer, Thomas, Peleganchuk, Sergey, Penc, Ondrej, Peng, Chen, Peng, Haiping, Sotto-maior Peralva, Bernardo, Artoni, Giacomo, Perego, Marta Maria, Pereira Peixoto, Ana Paula, Pereira Sanchez, Laura, Perepelitsa, Dennis Vadimovich, Perez Codina, Estel, Perini, Laura, Pernegger, Heinz, Perrella, Sabrina, Perrevoort, Ann-kathrin, Peters, Krisztian, Asada, Haruka, Peters, Reinhild, Petersen, Brian Aagaard, Petersen, Troels Christian, Petit, Elisabeth, Petousis, Vlasios, Petridou, Charikleia, Petrucci, Fabrizio, Pettee, Mariel Nelson, Pettersson, Nora Emilia, Petukhova, Krystsina, Asai, Kanae, Peyaud, Alan, Pezoa Rivera, Raquel Andrea, Pezzotti, Lorenzo, Pham, Le Ha Thu, Phillips, Peter William, Phipps, Michael William, Piacquadio, Nicola Giacinto, Pianori, Elisabetta, Picazio, Attilio, Pickles, R. H., Asai, Shoji, Piegaia, Ricardo Nestor, Pietreanu, Dorel, Pilcher, James, Pilkington, Andrew Denis, Pinamonti, Michele, Pinfold, James, Pitman Donaldson, Charlie Bruno, Pitt, M., Pizzimento, Luca, Pizzini, Alessio, Asawatavonvanich, T., Pleier, Marc-andre, Plesanovs, Vladislavs, Pleskot, Vojtech, Plotnikova, Elena, Podberezko, Pavel, Pottgen, Ruth, Poggi, Riccardo, Poggioli, Luc, Pogrebnyak, Ivan, Pohl, David-leon, Buxo Vazquez, Carlos Josue, Asbah, Nedaa B I, Pokharel, Ishan, Polesello, Giacomo, Poley, Anne-luise, Policicchio, Antonio, Polifka, Richard, Polini, Alessandro, Pollard, Christopher Samuel, Polychronakos, Venetios, Ponomarenko, Daniil, Pontecorvo, Ludovico, Asimakopoulou, Eleni Myrto, Popa, Stefan, Popeneciu, Gabriel Alexandru, Portales, Louis Adrien Paul, Portillo Quintero, Dilia Maria, Pospisil, Stanislav, Potamianos, Karolos Jozef, Potrap, Igor, Potter, Christina Jane, Potti, Harish, Poulsen, Trine, Asquith, Lily, Poveda Torres, Joaquin, Powell, Thomas Dennis, Pownall, Gavin Dominic, Pozo Astigarraga, Mikel Eukeni, Prades Ibanez, Alberto, Pralavorio, Pascal, Prapa, Maria Myrto, Prell, Soeren Andre, Price, Darren David, Primavera, Margherita, Assahsah, Jihad, Proffitt, Mason Louis, Proklova, Nadezda, Prokoév, K., Prokoshin, Fedor, Protopopescu, Serban Dan, Proudfoot, James, Przybycien, Mariusz, Pudzha, Denis, Puri, A., Puzo, Patrick Michel, Assamagan, Ketevi Adikle, Pyatiizbyantseva, Diana, Qian, Jianming, Qin, Yang, Quadt, Arnulf, Queitsch-maitland, Michaela, Rabanal Bolanos, Gabriel, Racko, M., Ragusa, Francesco, Rahal, Ghita, Raine, John Andrew, Astalos, Robert, Rajagopalan, Srinivasan, Morales, A. Ramirez, Ran, Kunlin, Rassloff, Damir Fabrice, Rauch, Daniel Mauricio, Rauscher, F., Rave, Stefan, Ravina, Baptiste, Ravinovich, Ilia, Raymond, Michel, Atkin, Ryan Justin, Read, Alexander Lincoln, Readioff, Nathan Peter, Reale, M., Rebuzzi, Daniela Marcella, Redlinger, George, Reeves, Kendall Brad, Reikher, David, Reiss, Andreas Dominik, Rej, Amartya, Rembser, Christoph, Atkinson, Markus Julian, Renardi, Alessia, Renda, Michele, Rendel, Marian Benedikt, Rennie, Adam Graham, Resconi, Silvia, Resseguie, Elodie Deborah, Rettie, Sebastien, Reynolds, Bryan John Gardner, Reynolds, Elliot, Rezanova, Olga, Atlay, Naim Bora, Reznicek, Pavel, Ricci, Ester, Richter, Robert, Richter, Stefan, Richter-was, Elzbieta Maria, Ridel, Melissa, Rieck, Patrick, Rifki, Othmane, Rijssenbeek, Michael, Rimoldi, Adele, Atmani, Hicham, Rimoldi, Marco, Rinaldi, Lorenzo, Rinn, Timothy Thomas, Ripellino, Giulia, Riu Dachs, Inmaculada, Rivadeneira Bracho, Pablo Andres, Rivera Vergara, Juan Cristobal, Rizatdinova, Flera, Rizvi, Eram Syed, Rizzi, Chiara, Carbone, Antonio, Atmasiddha, Prachi Arvind, Robertson, Steven Hugh, Robin, Matthieu, Robinson, David, Robles Manzano, Maria, Robson, Aidan, Rocchi, Alessandro, Roda, Chiara, Rodriguez Bosca, Sergi, Rodriguez Rodriguez, Arturo, Rodriguez Vera, Ana Maria, Augsten, Kamil, Roe, Shaun, Roggel, Jens, Rohne, Ole Myren, Röhrig, R., Rojas Caballero, Rimsky Alejandro, Roland, Benoit, Roland, Christophe Pol A, Roloff, Jennifer Kathryn, Romaniouk, Anatoli, Romano, Marino, Austrup, Volker Andreas, Rompotis, Nikolaos, Ronzani, Manfredi, Roos, Lydia, Rosati, Stefano, Rosin, Guy, Rosser, Benjamin John, Rossi, Edoardo, Rossi, Eleonora, Rossi, Elvira, Rossi, Leonardo, Avolio, Giuseppe, Rossini, Lorenzo, Rosten, Rachel Christine, Rotaru, Marina, Rottler, Benjamin Tobias, Rousseau, David, Rovelli, Giulia, Roy, Avik, Roy, D., Rozanov, Alexandre, Rozen, Yoram, Ayoub, Mohamad Kassem, Ruan, Xifeng, Ruggeri, Tristan Andrew, Rühr, F., Ruiz Martinez, Maria Aranzazu, Rummler, Andre, Rurikova, Zuzana, Rusakovich, Nikolay, Russell, Heather Lynn, Rustige, Lennart, Rutherfoord, John P, Azuelos, Georges, Ruttinger, Elias Michael, Rybar, Martin, Rybkin, G., Rye, Eli Baverfjord, Ryzhov, Andrey, Sabater Iglesias, Jorge Andres, Sabatini, Paolo, Sabetta, Luigi, Sacerdoti, S., Sadrozinski, Hartmut, Babal, Dominik, Sadykov, Renat, Safai Tehrani, Francesco, Safarzadeh Samani, Batool, Safdari, Murtaza, Saha, Puja, Saha, Shreya, Sahinsoy, Merve, Sahu, Arunika, Saimpert, Matthias, Saito, Masahiko, Bachacou, Henri, Saito, Tomoyuki, Sakamoto, H., Salamani, Dalila, Salamanna, Giuseppe, Salnikov, Andrey, Salt, Jose, Salvador Salas, Adrian, Salvatore, Daniela, Salvatore, Pasquale Fabrizio, Salvucci, A., Bachas, Konstantinos, Salzburger, Andreas, Samarati, J., Sammel, Dirk, Sampsonidis, Dimitrios, Sampsonidou, Despoina, Sanchez Martinez, Francisco Javier, Sanchez Pineda, Arturo Rodolfo, Sandaker, Heidi, Sander, Christian Oliver, Sanderswood, Izaac Gregory, Backman, Karl Filip, Sandhoff, Marisa, Sandoval Usme, Carlos Eduardo, Sankey, D. P. C., Sannino, Mario, Sano, Yuta, Sansoni, Andrea, Santoni, Claudio, Santos, Helena Fatima, Santpur, Sai Neha, Santra, Arka, Carnesale, Maria, Bagnaia, Paolo, Saoucha, Kamal Abdelouadoud, Sapronov, Andrey, Mendes Saraiva, Joao Gentil, Sasaki, Osamu, Sato, Koji, Sauerburger, Frank Tobias, Sauvan, Emmanuel Jean, Savard, Pierre, Sawada, Ryu, Sawyer, Craig Anthony, Bahmani, M., Sawyer, Lee Hughie, Sayago Galvan, Ivan, Sbarra, Carla, Sbrizzi, Antonio, Scanlon, Timothy Paul, Schaarschmidt, Jana, Schacht, Peter, Schaefer, Douglas Michael, Schaefer, Leigh Catherine, Schaefer, Ulrich, Bahrasemani, H., Schaffer, Arthur Cornelius, Schaile, Dorothee Anne, Schamberger Jr, Robert Dean, Schanet, Eric, Scharf, Christian, Scharmberg, Nicolas, Schegelsky, V. A., Scheirich, Daniel, Schenck, Ferdinand Wilhelm, Schernau, Michael, Bailey, Adam, Schiavi, Carlo, Schildgen, Lara Katharina, Schillaci, Zachary Michael, Schioppa, Enrico Junior, Schioppa, Marco, Schleicher, Katharina, Schlenker, Stefan, Schmidt-Sommerfeld, K. R., Schmieden, Kristof, Schmitt, Christian, Bailey, Virginia Ruth, Schmitt, Stefan, Schoeffel, Laurent Olivier, Schoening, Andre, Scholer, Patrick Gerhard, Schopf, Elisabeth, Schott, Matthias, Schovancova, Jaroslava, Schramm, Steven Randolph, Schroeder, Frederic, Schulte, A., Baines, John, Schultz-coulon, Hans-christian, Schumacher, Markus, Schumm, Bruce Andrew, Schune, Ph., Schwartzman, Ariel Gustavo, Schwarz, Thomas Andrew, Schwemling, Ph., Schwienhorst, Reinhard Heinrich, Sciandra, Andrea, Sciolla, Gabriella, Bakalis, Christos, Scuri, Fabrizio, Scutti, Federico, Scyboz, L. 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Jr., Silva Oliveira, Marcos Vinicius, Silverstein, Samuel Bryant, Simion, Stefan, Simoniello, Rosa, Simsek, Sinem, Sinervo, Juha-pekka Kalervo, Baldin, Evgenii, Sinetckii, Viktor, Singh, Sundeep, Sinha, Sukanya, Sioli, Maximiliano, Siral, Ismet, Sivoklokov, Sergey, Sjoelin, Joergen Bo Rickard, Skaf, Ali, Skorda, Eleni, Skubic, Patrick Louis, Balek, Petr, Slawinska, Magdalena, Sliwa, Krzysztof Jan, Smakhtin, Vladimir, Smart, Ben Harry, Smiesko, Juraj, Smirnov, N., Smirnov, Sergei, Smirnov, Yury, Smirnova, Lidia, Smirnova, Oxana, Balli, Fabrice, Smith, Emily Ann, Smith, Hayden Alexander, Smizanska, Maria, Smolek, Karel, Smykiewicz, Andrzej, Snesarev, Andrey, Snoek, Hella Leonie, Snyder, I. M., Snyder, Scott Stuart, Sobie, Randall, Balunas, William Keaton, Soffer, Abner, Søgaard, A., Sohns, Fabian, Solans Sanchez, Carlos Antonio, Soldatov, Evgeny, Soldevila Serrano, Urmila, Solodkov, Alexander, Soloshenko, Aleksey, Solovyanov, Oleg, Solovyev, Victor, Balz, Johannes, Sommer, Philip Oskar, Son, Hyungsuk, Sonay, Anil, Song, W., Song, Wen Yi, Sopczak, Andre, Sopio, Alexander Linus, Sopkova, Filomena, Sottocornola, Simone, Soualah, Rachik, Banas, Elzbieta Anna, Sukharev, Andrey, South, David Michael, Spagnolo, Stefania, Spalla, Margherita, Spangenberg, Martin, Spano, Francesco, Sperlich, Dennis, Spieker, Thomas Malte, Spigo, Giancarlo, Spina, Mario, Bandieramonte, Marilena, Spiteri, Dwayne Patrick, Spousta, Martin, Stabile, Alberto, Stamas, Brianna Lynn, Stamen, Rainer, Stamenkovic, Marko, Stampekis, Alexios, Stanecka, Ewa, Stanislaus, Beojan, Stanitzki, Marcel Michael, Rodriguez Chala, Mikael, Bandyopadhyay, Anjishnu, Stankaityte, Migle, Stapf, Birgit Sylvia, Starchenko, Evgeny, Stark, Giordon Holtsberg, Stark, Jan, Staroba, Pavel, Starovoitov, Pavel, Staerz, Steffen, Staszewski, Rafal Pawel, Stavropoulos, Georgios, Banerjee, Sw., Stegler, M., Steinberg, Peter Alan, Steinhebel, Amanda Lynn, Stelzer, Bernd, Stelzer, Harald Joerg, Stelzer-chilton, Oliver, Stenzel, Hasko, Stevenson, Thomas James, Stewart, Graeme Andrew, Stockton, Mark Christopher, Barak, Liron, Stoicea, Gabriel, Stolarski, Marcin, Stonjek, Stefan Matthias, Straessner, Arno, Strandberg, Jonas, Strandberg, Sara Kristina, Strauss, Michael George, Strebler, Thomas, Strizenec, Pavol, Strohmer, Raimund, Panchal, Devanshu Kiran, Strom, David Mattill, Stroynowski, Ryszard Andrzej, Strubig, Antonia Hanna, Stucci, Stefania Antonia, Stugu, Bjarne Sandvik, Stupak, John, Styles, Nicholas Adam, Su, Dong, Su, Wanyun, Su, Xiaowen, Penzin, Maksim, Suarez, Nicholas Bruno, Sulin, Vladimir, Sullivan, Matthew James, Sultan, D. 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D., Whalen, Kathleen Charlotte, Wharton, Andrew Mark, White, Aaron Stephen, White, Andrew Paul, White, Martin John, Whiteson, Daniel Ofir, Whitmore, B. 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S., Boonekamp, Maarten, Booth, Callum Dale, Borbely, Albert Gyorgy, Borecka-bielska, Hanna Maria, Borgna, Lucas Santiago, Borisov, A., Borissov, Guennadi, Bortoletto, Daniela, Boscherini, Davide, Fan, Yunyun, Fernandez-bosman, Martine, Bossio Sola, Jonathan David, Bouaouda, Khalil, Boudreau, Joseph Francis, Bouhova-thacker, Evelina Vassileva, Boumediene, Djamel Eddine, Boveia, Antonio Jay, Boyd, James, Boye, Diallo, Boyko, Igor, Freegard, Arran Charles, Bozson, Adam James, Bracinik, Juraj, Brahimi, Nihal, Brandt, Gerhard Immanuel, Brandt, Oleg, Braren, Frued Erik, Brau, Benjamin Paul, Brau, James Edward, Breaden Madden, William Dmitri, Brendlinger, Kurt Thurman, Abhayasinghe, Deshan Kavishka, Fu, Yao, Schimmel Brener, Roy, Brenner, Lydia, Brenner, Richard, Bressler, Shikma, Brickwedde, Bernard, Briglin, Daniel Lawrence, Britton, David, Britzger, Daniel Andreas, Brock, Ian Clarkson, Brock, Raymond, Garg, Diksha, Brooijmans, Gustaaf Henricus, Brooks, William King, Brost, Elizabeth Caitlin, Bruckman De Renstrom, Pawel, Bruers, Ben, Bruncko, Dusan, Bruni, Alessia, Bruni, Graziano, Bruschi, Marco, Bruscino, Nello, Glisic, Marija, Bryngemark, Lene, Buanes, Trygve, Buat, Quentin Olivier, Buchholz, Peter, Buckley, Andrew Gordon, Budagov, I. A., Bugge, Magnar Kopangen, Bulekov, Oleg, Bullard, Brendon Aurele, Burch, Tyler James, Gombas, Jason Peter, Burdin, Sergey, Burgard, Carsten Daniel, Burger, Angela Maria, Burghgrave, Blake Oliver, Burr, Jonathan, Burton, Charles Davis, Burzynski, Jackson Carl, Buescher, Volker, Buschmann, E., Bussey, Peter John, Gonzalez Andana, Richards Yeremayar, Butler, John Mark, Buttar, Craig, Butterworth, Jonathan Mark, Butti, P., Buttinger, William, Buzatu, A., Buzykaev, Aleksey, Cabras, Grazia, Cabrera Urban, Susana, Caforio, Davide, Goumarre, Vincent, Cai, Huacheng, Cairo, Valentina, Cakir, Orhan, Calace, Noemi, Calafiura, Paolo, Calderini, Giovanni, Calfayan, Philippe Pierre, Callea, Giuseppe, Caloba, Luiz Pereira, Caltabiano, Alessandro, Graham, Kevin Robert, Calvente Lopez, Sergio, Calvet, David, Calvet, Samuel Pierre Jean, Calvet, Thomas Philippe, Calvetti, Milene, Camacho Toro, Reina Coromoto, Camarda, Stefano, Camarero Munoz, Daniel, Camarri, Paolo, Camerlingo, Maria Teresa, Guo, Linghua, Cameron, David Gordon, Camincher, Clement, Campana, S., Campanelli, Mario, Camplani, Alessandra, Canale, Vincenzo, Canesse, Auriane, Bret Cano, Marc, Cantero Garcia, Josu, Cao, T., Gutierrez Zagazeta, Luis Felipe, Cao, Yumeng, Capua, Marcella, Cardarelli, Roberto, Cardillo, Fabio, Carducci, Giovandomenico, Carli, I., Carli, Tancredi, Carlino, Gianpaolo, Carlson, Benjamin Taylor, Carlson, Evan Michael, Habedank, Martin Steffen, Carminati, Leonardo, Carney, Rebecca, Caron, Sascha, Carquin Lopez, Edson Leonardo, Carra, Sonia, Carratta, Giuseppe, Carter, J. W. S., Carter, Thomas Michael, Casado Lechuga, Pilar Maria, Casha, Albert Francis, Abidi, Syed Haider, Halser, Lea, Castiglia, Emma Grace, Castillo, Florencia Luciana, Castillo Garcia, Lucia, Castillo Gimenez, Victoria, Castro, Nuno Filipe, Catinaccio, Andrea, Catmore, James Richard, Cattai, Ariella, Cavaliere, Viviana, Cavasinni, Vincenzo, Harris, Ynyr Theophilus, Celebi, Emre, Celli, Federico, Cerny, Karel, Santiago Cerqueira, Augusto, Cerri, Alessandro, Cerrito, Lucio, Cerutti, Fabio, Cervelli, Alberto, Cetin, Serkant Ali, Chadi, Zakaria, He, Yajun, Chakraborty, Dhiman, Chan, J., Chan, Wing Sheung, Chan, Wai Yuen, Chapman, John Derek, Chargeishvili, Bakar, Charlton, David, Charman, Thomas Paul, Chatterjee, Meghranjana, Chau, Chav Chhiv, Hodkinson, Benjamin Haslum, Che, S., Chekanov, Sergei, Chekulaev, Sergey, Shelkov, Georgy, Chen, Boping, Chen, Cheng, Chen, Chunhui, Chen, Huirun, Chen, Hucheng, Chen, Jing, Hofer, Judith, Chen, Jue, Chen, Jiayi, Chen, Shion, Chen, Shenjian, Chen, Xin, Chen, Ye, Chen, Yu-heng, Cheng, Hok Chuen, Cheng, Huajie, Cheplakov, Alexander, Honan, Benjamin Paul, Cheremushkina, Evgeniya, Cherkaoui El Moursli, Rajaa, Cheu, Elliott Curtis, Cheung, Kingman, Chevalier, Laurent Pascal, Chiarella, Vitaliano, Chiarelli, Giorgio, Chiodini, Gabriele, Chisholm, Andrew Stephen, Chitan, Adrian, Hong, Jiangliu, Chiu, I-huan, Chiu, Yu Him Justin, Chizhov, Mihail, Choi, Kyungeon, Chomont, Arthur Rene, Chou, Yuan-tang, Chow, Yun Sang, Christopher, Lawrence Davou, Chu, Ming Chung, Chu, Xiaotong, Hsu, Pai-hsien, Chudoba, Jiri, Chwastowski, Janusz Jerzy, Chytka, L., Cieri, Davide, Ciesla, Krzysztof Marcin, Cindro, Vladimir, Cioara, Irina Antonela, Ciocio, Alessandra, Cirotto, Francesco, Citron, Zvi Hirsh, Ingebretsen Carlson, Tom, Citterio, Mauro, Ciubotaru, Dan Andrei, Ciungu, Bianca Monica, Clark, Allan, Clark, Philip James, Clawson, Savannah Ellen, Clement, Christophe, Clissa, Luca, Coadou, Yann, Cobal, Marina, Jagfeld, Christoph, Coccaro, Andrea, Cochran Jr, James Herbert, Coelho Lopes De Sa, Rafael, Cohen, Hadar Yosef, Cardoso Coimbra, Artur Emanuel, Cole, Brian, Colijn, A. P., Collot, Johann, Conde Muino, Patricia, Connell, Simon Henry, Abusleme Hoffman, Angel Christian, Jones, Dominic Matthew, Connelly, Ian Allan, Constantinescu, S., Conventi, Francesco, Sarkar, Amanda Margaret, Cormier, Felix, Cormier, K. J. R., Corpe, Louie Dartmoor, Corradi, Massimo, Corrigan, Eric Edward, Corriveau, Francois, Ke, Yan, Costa Mezquita, Maria Jose, Costanza, Francesco, Costanzo, Davide, Cowan, Glen Douglas, Cowley, James William, Crane, Jonathan, Cranmer, Kyle Stuart, Creager, Rachael Ann, Crepe-renaudin, Sabine, Crescioli, Francesco, Kilgallon, Aaron Joseph, Cristinziani, Markus, Croft, Vincent Alexander, Crosetti, Giovanni, Cueto Gomez, Ana Rosario, Cuhadar Donszelmann, Tulay, Cui, Han, Cukierman, Aviv Ruben, Cunningham, William Reilly, Czekierda, Sabina Anna, Czodrowski, Patrick Karl, Klein, Lucas, Czurylo, Marta Maja, Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, Mario Jose, Da Fonseca Pinto, Joao Victor, Da Via, Cinzia, Dabrowski, Wladyslaw, Dachs, F., Dado, Tomas, Dahbi, Salah-eddine, Dai, Tiesheng, Dallapiccola, Carlo James, Knight, Timothy Michael, Dam, Mogens, D'amen, Gabriele, D'amico, Valerio, Damp, Johannes Frederic, Dandoy, Jeffrey Rogers, Daneri, Maria Florencia, Danninger, Matthias, Dao, Valerio, Darbo, Giovanni, Dartsi, O., Korn, Steffen, Dattagupta, Aparajita, Daubney, T., D'auria, Saverio, David, Claire Anne Sophie, Davidek, Tomas, Davis, Douglas Raymond, Dawson, Ian, De, Kaushik, De Asmundis, Riccardo, De Beurs, Marcus, Kortman, Bryan, De Castro, Stefano, De Groot, Nicolo, De Jong, Paulus Johannes, De La Torre Perez, Hector, De Maria, Antonio, De Pedis, Daniele, De Salvo, Alessandro, De Sanctis, Umberto, De Santis, M., De Santo, Antonella, Kuhn, Susanne Sabine, De Vivie De Regie, Jean-baptiste, Dedovich, Dmitry, Deiana, Allison Mccarn, Del Peso, Jose, Delabat Diaz, Yasiel, Delgove, D., Deliot, Frederic, Delitzsch, Chris Malena, Della Pietra, Massimo, Della Volpe, Domenico, Koultchitski, Iouri, Dell'acqua, Andrea, Dell'asta, Lidia, Delmastro, Marco, Delporte, C., Delsart, Pierre-antoine, Demers Konezny, Sarah Marie, Demichev, Mikhail, Demontigny, G., Denisov, Sergei Petrovich, D'eramo, Louis, Kumar, Mukesh, Derendarz, Dominik Karol, Derkaoui, Jamal Eddine, Derue, Frederic, Dervan, Paul John, Desch, Klaus Kurt, Dette, Karola, Deutsch, Christopher, Devesa, M. R., Deviveiros, Pier-olivier, Di Bello, Francesco Armando, Agarwala, Jinky, Kumari, Neelam, Di Ciaccio, Anna, Di Ciaccio, Lucia, Di Donato, Camilla, Di Girolamo, Alessandro, Di Gregorio, Giulia, Di Luca, Andrea, Di Micco, Biagio, Di Nardo, Roberto, Di Petrillo, K. F., Di Sipio, R., Lad, Nisha Nareshbhai, Diaconu, Cristinel, De Almeida Dias, Flavia, Dias Do Vale, Tiago, Diaz Gutierrez, Marco Aurelio, Diaz Capriles, Federico Guillermo, Dickinson, Jennet Elizabeth, Didenko, Mariia, Diehl, Edward Brereton, Dietrich, Janet, Diez Cornell, Sergio, Lalloue, Nathan, Diez Pardos, Carmen, Dimitrievska, Aleksandra, Ding, Wei, Dingfelder, Jochen Christian, Dittmeier, Sebastian, Dittus, Fridolin, Djama, Fares, Djobava, Tamar, Djuvsland, Julia Isabell, Barros Do Vale, Maria Aline, Leban, Blaz, Dobre, M., Dodsworth, D., Doglioni, Caterina, Dolejsi, Jiri, Dolezal, Zdenek, Donadelli, Marisilvia, Dong, Binbin, Donini, Julien Noce, D'onofrio, Adelina, D'onofrio, Monica, Le Compte, Thomas Joseph, Dopke, Jens, Doria, Alessandra, Dova, Maria Teresa, Doyle, Anthony Terence, Drechsler, Eric, Dreyer, Etienne, Dreyer, Timo, Drobac, Alec Swenson, Du, Dongshuo, Du Pree, Tristan Arnoldus, Leeuw, Lerothodi Leonard, Duan, Y., Dubinin, Filipp, Dubovsky, Michal, Dubreuil, Arnaud, Duchovni, Ehud, Duckeck, Gunter, Ducu, Otilia Anamaria, Duda, Dominik, Dudarev, Alexey, Duffield, E. M., Li, Chihao, D'uffizi, Matteo, Duflot, Laurent, Duehrssen-debling, Karl-michael, Dulsen, Carsten, Dumancic, M., Dumitriu, Ana Elena, Dunford, Monica Lynn, Dungs, Sascha, Duperrin, Arnaud Joel Yann, Yildiz, H. Duran, Lionti, Anthony Eric, Dueren, Michael Johannes, Durglishvili, Archil, Duschinger, D., Dutta, Baishali, Duvnjak, Damir, Dyckes, George Ian, Dyndal, Mateusz, Dysch, Samuel Dezso, Dziedzic, Bartosz Sebastian, Eggleston, Michael Glenn, Liss, Anthony Michael, Eifert, Till Felix, Eigen, Gerald, Einsweiler, Kevin Frank, Ekelof, Tord Johan Carl, El Jarrari, Hassnae, Ellajosyula, Venugopal, Ellert, Mattias Fredrik, Ellinghaus, Frank, Elliot, Alison Anne-marie, Ellis, Nicolas, Longo, Riccardo, Elmsheuser, Johannes, Elsing, Markus, Emeliyanov, Dmitry, Emerman, Alexander Zack, Enari, Yuji, Mondal, Buddhadeb, Erdmann, Johannes, Ereditato, Antonio, Erland, Paula Agnieszka, Errenst, Martin, Aparisi Pozo, Javier Alberto, Lu, Gangcheng, Escalier, Marc Achille, Escobar Ibanez, Carlos, Estrada Pastor, Oscar, Etzion, Erez, Evans, G. E., Evans, Harold, Evans, Meirin Oan, Ezhilov, Aleksei, Fabbri, Federica, Fabbri, Laura, Macdonell, Danika Marina, Fabiani, Veronica, Facini, Gabriel John, Fakhrutdinov, Rinat, Falciano, Speranza, Falke, Peter Johannes, Falke, Saskia, Faltova, Jana, Fang, Yi, Fang, Yaquan, Fanourakis, Georgios, Malecki, Pawel, Fanti, Marcello, Faraj, Mohammed, Farbin, Amir, Farilla, Addolorata, Farina, Edoardo Maria, Farooque, Trisha, Farrington, Sinead Marie, Farthouat, Philippe, Fassi, Farida, Fassnacht, P., Manisha, Manisha, Fassouliotis, Dimitrios, Faucci Giannelli, Michele, Fawcett, William James, Fayard, Louis, Fedin, Oleg, Fedorko, W., Fehr, Armin, Feickert, Matthew Carl, Feligioni, Lorenzo, Fell, Alexandra, Mathisen, Thomas, Feng, Cunfeng, Feng, Minyu, Fenton, Michael James, Fenyuk, Alexander, Ferguson, Sarah Whitney, Ferrando, James Edward, Ferrari, Arnaud, Ferrari, Pamela, Ferrari, Roberto, Ferreira de Lima, D. E., Mc Ginn, Christopher, Ferrere, Didier, Ferretti, Claudio, Fiedler, Frank Matthias, Filipcic, Andrej, Filthaut, Frank, Finelli, K. D., Castro Nunes Fiolhais, Miguel, Fiorini, Luca, Fischer, Florian, Fischer, Julian, Mc Kay, Madalyn Ann, Fisher, Wade Cameron, Fitschen, Tobias, Fleck, Ivor John, Fleischmann, Philipp, Flick, Tobias, Flierl, Bernhard Matthias, Flores, Lucas Macrorie, Flores Castillo, Luis Roberto, Follega, Francesco Maria, Fomin, Nikolai, Mentink, Matthias, Foo, Joel Hengwei, Forcolin, Giulio Tiziano, Forland, Blake Christopher, Formica, Andrea, Forster, Fabian Alexander, Forti, Alessandra, Fortin, Etienne Marie, Foti, Maria Giovanna, Fournier, Daniel Andre, Fox, Harald, Miralles Lopez, Marcos, Francavilla, Paolo, Francescato, Simone, Franchini, Matteo, Franchino, Silvia, Francis, David, Franco, Luca, Franconi, Laura, Franklin, Melissa, Frattari, Guglielmo, Fray, A. N., Miyazaki, Yuta, Freeman, Patrick Moriishi, Freund, Benjamin, Spolidoro Freund, Werner, Freundlich, Elena Murielle, Casadei, Diego, Froidevaux, Daniel, Frost, James Alexander, Fujimoto, Minori, Fukunaga, C., Fullana Torregrosa, Esteban, Aad, G, Bachas, K, Chiodini, G, Gorini, E, Gravili, F, Longo, L, Primavera, M, Reale, M, Schioppa, E, Spagnolo, S, Ventura, A, ATLAS Collaboration, And, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3 (CC-IN2P3), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ATLAS, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aad, G., Abbott, B., Abbott, D. C., Abud, A. A., Abeling, K., Abhayasinghe, D. K., Abidi, S. H., Zeid, O. S. A., Abraham, N. L., Abramowicz, H., Abreu, H., Abulaiti, Y., Acharya, B. S., Achkar, B., Adam, L., Bourdarios, C. A., Adamczyk, L., Adamek, L., Adelman, J., Adiguzel, A., Adorni, S., Adye, T., Affolder, A. A., Afik, Y., Agapopoulou, C., Agaras, M. N., Aggarwal, A., Agheorghiesei, C., Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A., Ahmad, A., Ahmadov, F., Ahmed, W. S., Ai, X., Aielli, G., Akatsuka, S., Akbiyik, M., Akesson, T. P. A., Akilli, E., Akimov, A. V., Khoury, K. A., Alberghi, G. L., Albert, J., Verzini, M. J. A., Alderweireldt, S., Aleksa, M., Aleksandrov, I. N., Alexa, C., Alexopoulos, T., Alfonsi, A., Alfonsi, F., Alhroob, M., Ali, B., Ali, S., Aliev, M., Alimonti, G., Allaire, C., Allbrooke, B. M. M., Allen, B. W., Allport, P. P., Aloisio, A., Alonso, F., Alpigiani, C., Camelia, E. A., Estevez, M. A., Alviggi, M. G., Coutinho, Y. A., Ambler, A., Ambroz, L., Amelung, C., Amidei, D., Dos Santos, S. P. A., Amoroso, S., Amrouche, C. S., An, F., Anastopoulos, C., Andari, N., Andeen, T., Anders, J. K., Andrean, S. Y., Andreazza, A., Andrei, V., Anelli, C. R., Angelidakis, S., Angerami, A., Anisenkov, A. V., Annovi, A., Antel, C., Anthony, M. T., Antipov, E., Antonelli, M., Antrim, D. J. A., Anulli, F., Aoki, M., Pozo, J. A. A., Aparo, M. A., Bella, L. A., Aranzabal, N., Ferraz, V. A., Pereira, R. A., Arcangeletti, C., Arce, A. T. H., Arguin, J. -F., Argyropoulos, S., Arling, J. -H., Armbruster, A. J., Armstrong, A., Arnaez, O., Arnold, H., Tame, Z. P. A., Artoni, G., Asada, H., Asai, K., Asai, S., Asawatavonvanich, T., Asbah, N., Asimakopoulou, E. M., Asquith, L., Assahsah, J., Assamagan, K., Astalos, R., Atkin, R. J., Atkinson, M., Atlay, N. B., Atmani, H., Atmasiddha, P. A., Augsten, K., Austrup, V. A., Avolio, G., Ayoub, M. K., Azuelos, G., Babal, D., Bachacou, H., Bachas, K., Backman, F., Bagnaia, P., Bahmani, M., Bahrasemani, H., Bailey, A. J., Bailey, V. R., Baines, J. T., Bakalis, C., Baker, O. K., Bakker, P. J., Bakos, E., Gupta, D. B., Balaji, S., Balasubramanian, R., Baldin, E. M., Balek, P., Balli, F., Balunas, W. K., Balz, J., Banas, E., Bandieramonte, M., Bandyopadhyay, A., Banerjee, S., Barak, L., Barbe, W. M., Barberio, E. L., Barberis, D., Barbero, M., Barbour, G., Barillari, T., Barisits, M. -S., Barkeloo, J., Barklow, T., Barnea, R., Barnett, B. M., Barnett, R. M., Barnovska-Blenessy, Z., Baroncelli, A., Barone, G., Barr, A. J., Navarro, L. B., Barreiro, F., Guimaraes da Costa, J. B., Barron, U., Barsov, S., Bartels, F., Bartoldus, R., Bartolini, G., Barton, A. E., Bartos, P., Basalaev, A., Basan, A., Bassalat, A., Basso, M. J., Bates, R. L., Batlamous, S., Batley, J. R., Batool, B., Battaglia, M., Bauce, M., Bauer, F., Bauer, P., Bawa, H. S., Bayirli, A., Beacham, J. B., Beau, T., Beauchemin, P. H., Becherer, F., Bechtle, P., Beck, H. C., Beck, H. P., Becker, K., Becot, C., Beddall, A., Beddall, A. J., Bednyakov, V. A., Bedognetti, M., Bee, C. P., Beermann, T. A., Begalli, M., Begel, M., Behera, A., Behr, J. K., Beisiegel, F., Belfkir, M., Bell, A. S., Bella, G., Bellagamba, L., Bellerive, A., Bellos, P., Beloborodov, K., Belotskiy, K., Belyaev, N. L., Benchekroun, D., Benekos, N., Benhammou, Y., Benjamin, D. P., Benoit, M., Bensinger, J. R., Bentvelsen, S., Beresford, L., Beretta, M., Berge, D., Kuutmann, E. B., Berger, N., Bergmann, B., Bergsten, L. J., Beringer, J., Berlendis, S., Bernardi, G., Bernius, C., Bernlochner, F. U., Berry, T., Berta, P., Berthold, A., Bertram, I. A., Bylund, O. B., Besson, N., Bethke, S., Betti, A., Bevan, A. J., Beyer, J., Bhatta, S., Bhattacharya, D. S., Bhattarai, P., Bhopatkar, V. S., Bi, R., Bianchi, R. M., Biebel, O., Biedermann, D., Bielski, R., Bierwagen, K., Biesuz, N. V., Biglietti, M., Billoud, T. R. V., Bindi, M., Bingul, A., Bini, C., Biondi, S., Birch-sykes, C. J., Birman, M., Bisanz, T., Biswal, J. P., Biswas, D., Bitadze, A., Bittrich, C., Bjorke, K., Blazek, T., Bloch, I., Blocker, C., Blue, A., Blumenschein, U., Bobbink, G. J., Bobrovnikov, V. S., Bocchetta, S. S., Bogavac, D., Bogdanchikov, A. G., Bohm, C., Boisvert, V., Bokan, P., Bold, T., Bolz, A. E., Bomben, M., Bona, M., Bonilla, J. S., Boonekamp, M., Booth, C. D., Borbely, A. G., Borecka-Bielska, H. M., Borgna, L. S., Borisov, A., Borissov, G., Bortoletto, D., Boscherini, D., Bosman, M., Sola, J. D. B., Bouaouda, K., Boudreau, J., Bouhova-Thacker, E. V., Boumediene, D., Boveia, A., Boyd, J., Boye, D., Boyko, I. R., Bozson, A. J., Bracinik, J., Brahimi, N., Brandt, G., Brandt, O., Braren, F., Brau, B., Brau, J. E., Madden, W. D. B., Brendlinger, K., Brener, R., Brenner, L., Brenner, R., Bressler, S., Brickwedde, B., Briglin, D. L., Britton, D., Britzger, D., Brock, I., Brock, R., Brooijmans, G., Brooks, W. K., Brost, E., Bruckman de Renstrom, P. A., Bruers, B., Bruncko, D., Bruni, A., Bruni, G., Bruschi, M., Bruscino, N., Bryngemark, L., Buanes, T., Buat, Q., Buchholz, P., Buckley, A. G., Budagov, I. A., Bugge, M. K., Bulekov, O., Bullard, B. A., Burch, T. J., Burdin, S., Burgard, C. D., Burger, A. M., Burghgrave, B., Burr, J. T. P., Burton, C. D., Burzynski, J. C., Buscher, V., Buschmann, E., Bussey, P. J., Butler, J. M., Buttar, C. M., Butterworth, J. M., Butti, P., Buttinger, W., Vazquez, C. J. B., Buzatu, A., Buzykaev, A. R., Cabras, G., Urban, S. C., Caforio, D., Cai, H., Cairo, V. M. M., Cakir, O., Calace, N., Calafiura, P., Calderini, G., Calfayan, P., Callea, G., Caloba, L. P., Caltabiano, A., Lopez, S. C., Calvet, D., Calvet, S., Calvet, T. P., Calvetti, M., Toro, R. C., Camarda, S., Munoz, D. C., Camarri, P., Camerlingo, M. T., Cameron, D., Camincher, C., Campana, S., Campanelli, M., Camplani, A., Canale, V., Canesse, A., Bret, M. C., Cantero, J., Cao, T., Cao, Y., Capua, M., Cardarelli, R., Cardillo, F., Carducci, G., Carli, I., Carli, T., Carlino, G., Carlson, B. T., Carlson, E. M., Carminati, L., Carney, R. M. D., Caron, S., Carquin, E., Carra, S., Carratta, G., Carter, J. W. S., Carter, T. M., Casado, M. P., Casha, A. F., Castiglia, E. G., Castillo, F. L., Garcia, L. C., Gimenez, V. C., Castro, N. F., Catinaccio, A., Catmore, J. R., Cattai, A., Cavaliere, V., Cavasinni, V., Celebi, E., Celli, F., Cerny, K., Cerqueira, A. S., Cerri, A., Cerrito, L., Cerutti, F., Cervelli, A., Cetin, S. A., Chadi, Z., Chakraborty, D., Chan, J., Chan, W. S., Chan, W. Y., Chapman, J. D., Chargeishvili, B., Charlton, D. G., Charman, T. P., Chatterjee, M., Chau, C. C., Che, S., Chekanov, S., Chekulaev, S. V., Chelkov, G. A., Chen, B., Chen, C., Chen, C. H., Chen, H., Chen, J., Chen, S., Chen, S. J., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. -H., Cheng, H. C., Cheng, H. J., Cheplakov, A., Cheremushkina, E., El Moursli, R. 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A., Crepe-Renaudin, S., Crescioli, F., Cristinziani, M., Croft, V., Crosetti, G., Cueto, A., Donszelmann, T. C., Cui, H., Cukierman, A. R., Cunningham, W. R., Czekierda, S., Czodrowski, P., Czurylo, M. M., Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, M. J., Da Fonseca Pinto, J. V., Da Via, C., Dabrowski, W., Dachs, F., Dado, T., Dahbi, S., Dai, T., Dallapiccola, C., Dam, M., D'Amen, G., D'Amico, V., Damp, J., Dandoy, J. R., Daneri, M. F., Danninger, M., Dao, V., Darbo, G., Dartsi, O., Dattagupta, A., Daubney, T., D'Auria, S., David, C., Davidek, T., Davis, D. R., Dawson, I., De, K., De Asmundis, R., De Beurs, M., De Castro, S., De Groot, N., de Jong, P., De la Torre, H., De Maria, A., De Pedis, D., De Salvo, A., De Sanctis, U., De Santis, M., De Santo, A., De Vivie De Regie, J. B., Dedovich, D. V., Deiana, A. M., Del Peso, J., Diaz, Y. D., Delgove, D., Deliot, F., Delitzsch, C. M., Della Pietra, M., Della Volpe, D., Dell'Acqua, A., Dell'Asta, L., Delmastro, M., Delporte, C., Delsart, P. 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G., Virdee, G. S., Vishwakarma, A., Vittori, C., Vivarelli, I., Vogel, M., Vokac, P., Von Ahnen, J., von Buddenbrock, S. E., Von Toerne, E., Vorobel, V., Vorobev, K., Vos, M., Vossebeld, J. H., Vozak, M., Vranjes, N., Milosavljevic, M. V., Vrba, V., Vreeswijk, M., Vu, N. K., Vuillermet, R., Vukotic, I., Wada, S., Wagner, P., Wagner, W., Wagner-Kuhr, J., Wahdan, S., Wahlberg, H., Wakasa, R., Walbrecht, V. M., Walder, J., Walker, R., Walker, S. D., Walkowiak, W., Wallangen, V., Wang, A. M., Wang, A. Z., Wang, C., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, P., Wang, Q., Wang, R. -J., Wang, R., Wang, S. M., Wang, W. T., Wang, W., Wang, W. X., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Wanotayaroj, C., Warburton, A., Ward, C. P., Ward, R. J., Warrack, N., Watson, A. T., Watson, M. F., Watts, G., Waugh, B. M., Webb, A. F., Weber, C., Weber, M. S., Weber, S. A., Weber, S. M., Wei, Y., Weidberg, A. R., Weingarten, J., Weirich, M., Weiser, C., Wells, P. S., Wenaus, T., Wendland, B., Wengler, T., Wenig, S., Wermes, N., Wessels, M., Weston, T. D., Whalen, K., Wharton, A. M., White, A. S., White, A., White, M. J., Whiteson, D., Whitmore, B. W., Wiedenmann, W., Wiel, C., Wielers, M., Wieseotte, N., Wiglesworth, C., Wiik-Fuchs, L. A. M., Wilkens, H. G., Wilkins, L. J., Williams, D. M., Williams, H. H., Williams, S., Willocq, S., Windischhofer, P. J., Wingerter-Seez, I., Winkels, E., Winklmeier, F., Winter, B. T., Wittgen, M., Wobisch, M., Wolf, A., Wolker, R., Wollrath, J., Wolter, M. W., Wolters, H., Wong, V. W. S., Wongel, A. F., Woods, N. L., Worm, S. D., Wosiek, B. K., Wozniak, K. W., Wraight, K., Wu, S. L., Wu, X., Wu, Y., Wuerzinger, J., Wyatt, T. R., Wynne, B. M., Xella, S., Xia, L., Xiang, J., Xiao, X., Xie, X., Xiotidis, I., Xu, D., Xu, H., Xu, L., Xu, R., Xu, T., Xu, W., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Yabsley, B., Yacoob, S., Yallup, D. P., Yamaguchi, N., Yamaguchi, Y., Yamamoto, A., Yamatani, M., Yamazaki, T., Yamazaki, Y., Yan, J., Yan, Z., Yang, H. J., Yang, H. T., Yang, S., Yang, T., Yang, X., Yang, Y., Yang, Z., Yao, W. -M., Yap, Y. C., Ye, H., Ye, J., Ye, S., Yeletskikh, I., Yexley, M. R., Yigitbasi, E., Yin, P., Yorita, K., Yoshihara, K., Young, C. J. S., Young, C., Yu, J., Yuan, R., Yue, X., Zaazoua, M., Zabinski, B., Zacharis, G., Zaffaroni, E., Zahreddine, J., Zaitsev, A. M., Zakareishvili, T., Zakharchuk, N., Zambito, S., Zanzi, D., Zeissner, S. V., Zeitnitz, C., Zemaityte, G., Zeng, J. C., Zenin, O., Zenis, T., Zerwas, D., Zgubic, M., Zhang, B., Zhang, D. F., Zhang, G., Zhang, J., Zhang, K., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, R., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, P., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhemchugov, A., Zheng, Z., Zhong, D., Zhou, B., Zhou, C., Zhou, H., Zhou, M., Zhou, N., Zhou, Y., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, C., Zhu, H. L., Zhu, H., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Zhuang, X., Zhukov, K., Zhulanov, V., Zieminska, D., Zimine, N. I., Zimmermann, S., Zinonos, Z., Ziolkowski, M., Zivkovic, L., Zobernig, G., Zoccoli, A., Zoch, K., Zorbas, T. G., Zou, R., Zwalinski, L., Universidade do Minho, De Castro , S., Fabbri , L., Gabrielli , A., Rinaldi , L., Semprini Cesari , N., Sioli , M., Villa , M., Zoccoli , A., Bellagamba , L., Boscherini , D., Bruni , A., Bruni , G., Giacobbe , B., Polini , A., Sbarra , C., Sidoti , A., Franchini , M., Romano , M., Valentinetti , S., Alberghi , G. L., Lasagni Manghi , F, Massa , L., Vittori , C., Alfonsi , F, Cabras , G., Cervelli , A., Negrini , M., Todome , K., Carratta , G., Cavalli , N., Clissa , L., ATLAS collaboration, Współautorami artykułu są członkowie ATLAS Collaboration w liczbie 2934, Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Canale, Vincenzo, Della Pietra, Massimo, Merola, Leonardo, Massarotti, Paolo, Conventi, Francesco, Rossi, Elvira, Carlino, Giampaolo, de Asmundis, Riccardo, Di Donato, Camilla, Doria, Alessandra, Iengo, Paolo, Izzo, Vincenzo, Perrella, Sabrina, Sekhniaidze, Givi, Cirotto, Francesco, Lavorgna, Marco, Giannini, Antonio, Atlas, Collaboration, ATLAS (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), and Other Research IHEF (IoP, FNWI)
Subjects: Experimental Evidence, LHC, ATLAS, High Energy Physics, Lepton universality, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 13000 GeV-cms, Z0: branching ratio: upper limit, Flavour, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, +electron+tau%22">Z0 --> electron tau, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, Subatomär fysik, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, branching ratio: upper limit [Z0], Subatomic Physics, scattering [p p], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Fundamental Principles, Settore FIS/01, 8000 GeV-cms, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, lepton flavor violation, new physics: search for, ATLAS experiment, lepton: flavor: violation, Branching Fractions, ATLAS, The Standard Model, CERN LHC Coll, colliding beams [p p], Neutrino, Proton Collisions, Particle Physics - Experiment, Z boson, p p: scattering, Particle physics, +muon+tau%22">Z0 --> muon tau, CERN Lab, flavor: violation [lepton], 530 Physics, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas, Ciências Físicas [Ciências Naturais], Weak Interactions, FOS: Physical sciences, Weak interaction, Standard Model, weak interaction, 0103 physical sciences, Centre-of-Mass Energies, ddc:530, rare decay [Z0], High Energy Physics, flavor: oscillation, 010306 general physics, Collider, tau: hadronic decay, Bosons, Science & Technology, charge: electric, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, family: 3, Física, leptonic decay [Z0], sensitivity, family: conservation law, LHC, Particle Physics, charged-lepton-flavour violation, Z0: leptonic decay, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Z0: rare decay, hadronic decay [tau], Hadron-hadron collisions, p p: colliding beams, new particle, experimental results, Lepton
Abstract: We acknowledge our late colleague, Olga Igonkina (1973-2019), for inspiring and driving this and other searches for lepton flavour violation within the ATLAS experiment. Her curiosity and intelligence remain an inspiration to the ATLAS Collaboration. We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions, without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, and and NRC KI, Russia Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, UK; DOE and NSF, United States. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions and COST, EU; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, UK. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in ref. 54., Leptons with essentially the same properties apart from their mass are grouped into three families (or flavours). The number of leptons of each flavour is conserved in interactions, but this is not imposed by fundamental principles. Since the formulation of the standard model of particle physics, the observation of flavour oscillations among neutrinos has shown that lepton flavour is not conserved in neutrino weak interactions. So far, there has been no experimental evidence that this also occurs in interactions between charged leptons. Such an observation would be a sign of undiscovered particles or a yet unknown type of interaction. Here the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN reports a constraint on lepton-flavour-violating effects in weak interactions, searching for Z-boson decays into a tau lepton and another lepton of different flavour with opposite electric charge. The branching fractions for these decays are measured to be less than 8.1 x 10(-6) (e tau) and 9.5 x 10(-6) (mu tau) at the 95% confidence level using 139 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 13 TeV and 20.3 fb(-1) at root s = 8 TeV. These results supersede the limits from the Large Electron-Positron Collider experiments conducted more than two decades ago., ANPCyT, YerPhI, Armenia, Australian Research Council, BMWFW, Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS), SSTC, Belarus, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Canada Foundation for Innovation, CERN, ANID, Chile, Chinese Academy of Sciences, MOST, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias, Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic, MPO CR, Czech Republic Government, DNRF, Danish Natural Science Research Council, NRC KI, Russia Federation, JINR, Ministry of Education, Science & Technological Development, Serbia, MSSR, Slovakia, Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia, MIZS, Slovenia, DST/NRF, South Africa, Spanish Government, SRC, Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden, SERI, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United States Department of Energy (DOE), National Science Foundation (NSF), BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada, European Research Council (ERC), European Commission European Commission Horizon Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions and COST, EU, French National Research Agency (ANR), German Research Foundation (DFG), European Commission, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Thales Group, Aristeia programmes, Greek NSRF, Greece, BSF-NSF, German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development, La Caixa Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO, GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain, Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden, The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, UK, WLCG, ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), Netherlands Government, PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK), BNL (USA), Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG, National Research Centre (NRC)
Published: 2021

8. A scheme for preparing cluster state with nitrogen-vacancy centers and microtoroidal resonator coupled systems

Author: Tao Wu and Li-Zhi Yu
Subjects: Scheme (programming language), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cluster state, TheoryofComputation_GENERAL, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Quantum Physics, Quantum entanglement, Quantum information processing, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, Resonator, chemistry, ComputerSystemsOrganization_MISCELLANEOUS, Vacancy defect, 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, computer, computer.programming_language
Abstract: Quantum entanglement is a key resource in quantum information processing. In this paper, we propose a scheme for preparing a cluster entangled state by means of multiple nitrogen vacancy centers an...
Published: 2019

9. Durable superhydrophobic surface with highly antireflective and self-cleaning properties for the glass covers of solar cells

Author: Jinghui Zhi and Li-Zhi Zhang
Subjects: Materials science, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Superhydrophobic coating, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, law.invention, Contact angle, Nanopore, Surface coating, Anti-reflective coating, Coating, law, Vickers hardness test, Transmittance, engineering, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: In this study, a superhydrophobic surface coating with highly antireflective properties that maintains a high durability and light transmittance was synthesized for possible use on the glass covers of solar cells. The coating was made in two steps to form a dual-scale structure. First, a 3D crosslinked network of nanopores was formed from the volatilization of pore-forming agents during calcination. Second, silica nanoparticles in a sol were attached to the nanopore structure, thereby reducing the size of the pore structures and forming a dual-scale structure. The refractive index of the coating was reduced to 1.3471, making the surface antireflective. The coated surface possessed an average transmittance as high as 97%, in contrast to the transmittance of 90% of the bare glass substrate. Meanwhile, the surface was superhydrophobic, showing a static water contact angle of 157.9° and a contact angle hysteresis of 1.2°. As a result, the as-prepared superhydrophobic coating showed outstanding self-cleaning properties. Moreover, the surface showed remarkable stability against strong acid, strong alkali and the impact of water drops. Further, the surface passed a 4H pencil hardness test. This facile and low-cost production method is believed to offer an effective solution for industrial applications in solar cells and windows, among others.
Published: 2018

10. Multiple spin-resolved negative differential resistance and electrically controlled spin-polarization in transition metal-doped [6]cycloparaphenylenes

Author: Yan-Dong Guo, Xin-Yi Mou, Li-Zhi Hu, Xiaohong Yan, Mou-Shu Yang, and Hong-Li Zeng
Subjects: Physics, Local density of states, Condensed matter physics, Spin polarization, Spintronics, Scattering, Fermi level, Doping, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Transition metal, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Spin-½
Abstract: In structure, a [n]cycloparaphenylene ([n]CPP) molecule is constructed by fully conjugated bent benzenes, i.e., hexangular rings. Based on first-principles calculations, the spin-dependent electronic transport of transition metal-doped CPP, X@[6]cycloparaphenylene (X@[6]CPP) (X = Fe, Co and Ni), contacted with Au electrodes is investigated. (Multiple) negative differential resistance (NDR) is observed for all the doping cases, suggesting it is the intrinsic feature of such systems. Due to the spin dependence of the NDR, electrical switch of the direction of spin polarization for a current is realized. Further analysis shows that it is the suppression of the transmission peaks around the Fermi level as the bias increases that results in the NDR. The suppression is caused by the decay of the local density of states on the scattering region. As electrically controlled spin polarization is a promising area in nanoelectronics, we believe our results would be quite beneficial to the development of spintronic devices.
Published: 2018

11. A lattice Boltzmann simulation of coalescence-induced droplet jumping on superhydrophobic surfaces with randomly distributed structures

Author: Wu-Zhi Yuan and Li-Zhi Zhang
Subjects: Coalescence (physics), Materials science, Fast Fourier transform, Lattice Boltzmann methods, General Physics and Astronomy, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Contact angle, Root mean square, Jumping, 0103 physical sciences, Kurtosis, medicine, Jump, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The motion of coalescence-induced condensate droplets on superhydrophobic surface (SHS) has attracted increasing attention in energy-related applications. Previous researches were focused on regularly rough surfaces. Here a new approach, a mesoscale lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), is proposed and used to model the dynamic behavior of coalescence-induced droplet jumping on SHS with randomly distributed rough structures. A Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) method is used to generate non-Gaussian randomly distributed rough surfaces with the skewness (Sk), kurtosis (K) and root mean square (Rq) obtained from real surfaces. Three typical spreading states of coalesced droplets are observed through LBM modeling on various rough surfaces, which are found to significantly influence the jumping ability of coalesced droplet. The coalesced droplets spreading in Cassie state or in composite state will jump off the rough surfaces, while the ones spreading in Wenzel state would eventually remain on the rough surfaces. It is demonstrated that the rough surfaces with smaller Sks, larger Rqs and a K at 3.0 are beneficial to coalescence-induced droplet jumping. The new approach gives more detailed insights into the design of SHS.
Published: 2018

12. Numerical methodology for simulating particle deposition on superhydrophobic surfaces with randomly distributed rough structures

Author: Anjian Pan, Li-Zhi Zhang, and Rong-rong Cai
Subjects: Materials science, Lattice Boltzmann methods, General Physics and Astronomy, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, Discrete element method, Surface energy, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Contact force, Surface roughness, Deposition (phase transition), Particle, Particle deposition
Abstract: Superhydrophobic coatings with a rough structure and low surface energy have been regarded as new high-efficiency anti-dust solutions. However, current research on the anti-dust mechanism of superhydrophobic materials is still insufficient. Main obstacles are the difficulty in determining the contact state between the dust particle and the rough structure and calculating the contact force accurately. Herein, a new methodology that introduces rough surface discretization and extends the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) model to solve the adhesive contact forces of a particle-rough surface was proposed. Further, the lattice Boltzmann method coupled with the JKR-based discrete element method was employed to study the particle deposition characteristics on superhydrophobic surfaces with randomly distributed rough structures. Surfaces with different rough structures were reconstructed using the fast Fourier transformation method. The particle-airflow and rough surface-airflow interactions were calculated using the immersed moving boundary method. The coupling models and computation scheme were validated by comparing the simulation results with those recorded by a high-speed camera. The effects of the particle diameter, airflow inlet velocity, surface energy, and surface structures (characterized by skewness, kurtosis and standard deviation) on particle migration, deposition morphology and deposition rate were compared and analyzed. The results indicate that smaller particles with larger velocities are less likely to be deposited on superhydrophobic surface. Increasing the surface energy of the rough surface can significantly enhance the particle deposition rate owing to the strong particle–surface adhesion force. Further, appropriate surface roughness can reduce particle–surface adhesion and particle energy dissipation during collision, thereby leading to a deposition reduction. However, excessive peaks and deep valleys on the rough surface would hinder the rolling and translation of the particles, thereby resulting in particle accumulation on the surface. Finally, using superhydrophobic surfaces with a skewness of 0 and kurtosis of approximately 5.0, and appropriately reducing the standard deviation of the rough-surface structures can significantly enhance the effect of superhydrophobic surfaces on anti-dust performance.
Published: 2021

13. Light-controlled pulsed x-ray tube with photocathode*

Author: Bao-Sheng Zhao, Qiang Pengfei, Yang Xianghui, Hao Xuan, Li-Zhi Sheng, Tong Su, and Yong’an Liu
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, law, General Physics and Astronomy, Optoelectronics, business, X-ray tube, Photocathode, law.invention
Abstract: Unstable mechanical structure, low energy efficiency, and cooling requirements limit the application of conventional x-ray tubes based on filament as cathode in several academic areas. In this paper, we demonstrate a light-controlled pulsed x-ray tube using multialkali cathode as electron generator. The photocathode active area of the light controlled x-ray tube is 13.2 cm2 (41 mm in diameter), which provides high photoelectron-emitting efficiency up to 0.288 mA/lm in 460-nm LED and 2.37-mA maximum tube current. Furthermore, the modulation ability from 1 kHz to 100 kHz of the x-ray tube is tested. The results suggest that the light-controlled pulsed x-ray tube has easy modulation and short x-ray pulse properties and is promising to be the next generation x-ray tube with wide applications in medical radiationtherapy as well as the calibration for detectors and scintillators.
Published: 2021

14. Study on the optical performance of thin-film light-emitting diodes using fractal micro-roughness surface model

Author: Xinrui Ding, Jiasheng Li, Yong Tang, Zongtao Li, and Li Zhi
Subjects: Materials science, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Color temperature, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Fractal, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Bidirectional scattering distribution function, Thin film, 010302 applied physics, Scattering, business.industry, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Luminous efficacy, Intensity (heat transfer), Light-emitting diode
Abstract: Although LEDs have been widely studied using optical simulations, there is no optical model considering the effect of micro-roughness surface (MRS) on the optical performance for packaged LEDs. In this work, we employ the finite-difference time-domain method and the direction-sensitive bidirectional scattering distribution function to characterize the optical properties of the MRS upon the n-GaN layer. The MRS is generated by the Weierstrass–Mandelbrot fractal function. Furthermore, thin-film LEDs (TFLEDs), blue TFLED devices, and white TFLED devices considering the MRS are investigated using the ray-tracing (RT) method. The results show that the MRS has different optical properties when the light propagates out and in the n-GaN layer. In turn, the difference in the scattering ability of various MRS causes a significant effect on the optical performance of packaged TFLEDs, including radiant efficacy, luminous efficacy, intensity pattern and spectrum, as well as the correlated color temperature.
Published: 2017

15. Electronic transport properties in [n]cycloparaphenylenes molecular devices

Author: Hong-Li Zeng, Li-Zhi Hu, Xiaohong Yan, Jie Zhou, and Yan-Dong Guo
Subjects: Carbon chain, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Doping, General Physics and Astronomy, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, Fermi energy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Formalism (philosophy of mathematics), 0103 physical sciences, Electrode, Density functional theory, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The electronic transport of [n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) is investigated based on nonequilibrium Green's function formalism in combination with the density-functional theory. Negative differential resistance (NDR) phenomenon is observed. Further analysis shows that the reduction of the transmission peak induced by the bias changing near Fermi energy results in the NDR effect. Replacing the electrode (from carbon chain to Au electrode), doping with N atom and changing the size of the nanohoop (n = 5, 6, 8, 10) have also been studied and the NDR still exists, suggesting the NDR behavior is the intrinsic feature of such [n]CPPs systems, which would be quite useful in future nanoelectronic devices.
Published: 2017

16. Frequency doubling of acousto-optic Q-switched Nd:YVO4 cascaded Raman laser for narrow pulse-width 657 nm laser

Author: Sun Ying-Lu, Duan Yanmin, Wang Hong-Yan, Zhu Haiyong, Zhang Yao-Ju, Zhou Yu-Ming, and Li Zhi-Hong
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Energy conversion efficiency, General Physics and Astronomy, Fundamental frequency, Laser, law.invention, Crystal, symbols.namesake, Optics, Raman laser, law, symbols, Stokes wave, business, Raman spectroscopy, Pulse-width modulation
Abstract: Frequency doubling of second-Stokes in an acousto-optic Q-switched Nd:YVO4 cascaded self-Raman cavity is demonstrated to achieve a narrow pulse-width red laser. A three-stage bonded YVO4/Nd:YVO4/YVO4 crystal is designed by comprehensively considering the improvement of thermal effect, the performance of fundamental frequency laser and Raman conversion, to improve the Raman efficiency and output power. An LBO crystal cut for critical phase matching at room temperature is selected and used as a nonlinear optical crystal for realizing the frequency doubling of second- Stokes wave. Its phase matching angle (θ = 86.0°, φ = 0°) is very close to the non-critical phase matching angle and has a small walk-off angle, which is beneficial to the realizing of the high conversion efficiency of frequency doubling. In the experiment, the beam waist position of the pump light and the repetition frequency of the acousto-optic Q-switcher are optimized. Under an incident pump power of 14.2 W and a repetition frequency of 60 kHz, the highest average output power of 1.63 W and conversion efficiency of 11.5% are obtained for the 657 nm red laser emission. The pulse width of 657 nm red light is 11.5 ns at the maximum output power, which is much narrower than that generated by frequency doubling of ordinary neodymium-doped laser at a waveband of 1.3 μm. The result shows that the frequency doubling of the acousto-optic Q-switched Nd:YVO4 cascaded self-Ramanlaser can take advantage of the pulse-width compression characteristics of Raman process to achieve a narrower pulse-width red light laser output.
Published: 2021

17. Thermophoretic force on nanoparticles in free molecule regime

Author: Su Jun-Jie, Cui Jie, Li Zhi-Gang, Xia Guo-Dong, and Wang Jun
Subjects: Work (thermodynamics), Molecular dynamics, Chemical physics, Intermolecular force, General Physics and Astronomy, Nanoparticle, Particle, Knudsen number, Thermophoresis, Brownian motion
Abstract: Thermophoresis refers to the motion of small particles suspending in a fluid with non-uniform temperature distribution due to the temperature gradient around the particle. Usually, the fluid molecules coming from the hot side carry more kinetic energy than those from the cold side, which results in a net thermophoretic force in the direction opposite to the temperature gradient. Since it was discovered more than 100 years ago, thermophoresis has been of major importance in a variety of applications, where it can play either beneficial role or adverse role, including material synthesis, micro- and nano-fabrication, and environmental science. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately evaluate the thermophoretic force. In the present work, the thermophoretic force on nanoparticles is examined in the free molecule regime by using non-equilibrium molecule dynamics (MD) simulation. It has been widely accepted that the thermophoretic force conforms with the Waldmann equation for large Knudsen numbers. However, due to the effect of the nonrigid-body interactions between the particle and gas molecules, the thermophoretic force on nanoparticles might deviate greatly from the classical theory. In our MD model, a single nanoparticle with a diameter of several nanometers suspends in a diluted gas. The Lennard-Jones (L-J) potential is employed to simulate the intermolecular interactions. To avoid deforming the nanoparticle, the solid molecules within the nanoparticles are linked to their nearest neighbors through a finite extensible nonlinear elastic bonding potential. The thermophoretic force on a nanoparticle is calculated by imposing a harmonic potential on the nanoparticle, which eliminates the effect of the Brownian motion of the nanoparticle on the thermophoresis. The effective thermal conductivity of the ambient gas is employed in Waldmann equation for the thermophoretic force due to the finite volume effect. It is found that the Waldmann theory for thermophoresis is still valid for nanoparticles in the case of weak gas-particle interaction or high gas temperature. With the increase of the gas-particle interaction strength or the decrease of the gas temperature, the Waldmann theory is invalid due to the effect of gas-particle nonrigid-body collisions and the adsorption of gas molecules on the particle surface. By considering the gas-particle nonrigid-body interaction and the modified particle size, the theoretical results for thermophoretic force accord with the MD simulations quite well.
Published: 2021

18. A four-band perfect absorber based on high quality factor and high figure of merit of monolayer molybdenum disulfide

Author: Yi Zao, Zhou Zi-Gang, Yi Ying-Ting, Yang Hua, Yi You-Gen, Li Zhi-You, Chen Xi-Fang, Su Ju, and Jiang Li-Ying
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, Materials science, Quality (physics), chemistry, Chemical engineering, Monolayer, General Physics and Astronomy, Molybdenum disulfide
Abstract: Transition-metal dichalcogenides with exceptional electrical and optical properties have emerged as a new platform for atomic-scale optoelectronic devices. However, the poor optical absorption resists their potential applications. In this paper, monolayer molybdenum disulfide four-band perfect absorber based on critical coupling and guided mode resonance is proposed theoretically and numerically by the finite difference time domain method. Meanwhile, the physical mechanism can be better analyzed through impedance matching and coupled mode theory. Monolayer molybdenum disulfide is placed between the silicon dioxide and a two-dimensional polymethyl methacrylate layer with a periodic square-shaped air groove structure. The three form a sandwich-like stacked structure similar to a rectangle. The bottom of the absorber uses a silver layer as the back reflection layer. Using the critical coupling principle of guided resonance, the high-efficiency light absorption of the monolayer molybdenum disulfide is obtained, that is, four perfect resonances are obtained at the resonance wavelengths (λ1 = 510.0 nm, λ2 = 518.8 nm, λ3 = 565.9 nm, and λ4 = 600.3 nm), the absorption rates are 99.03%, 98.10%, 97.30%, and 95.41%, and the average absorption rate is as high as 97.46% in the visible light spectrum range, which is over 12 times more than that of a bare monolayer MoS2. The simulation results show that the adjusting of the geometric parameters of the structure can control the range of the resonance wavelength of the monolayer molybdenum disulfide, the system experiences three states, i.e. under-coupling, critical coupling, and over-coupling because of the leakage rate of resonance, thereby exhibiting advantageous tunability of operating wavelength in monolayer MoS2, which has important practical significance for improving the absorption intensity and selectivity of the monolayer molybdenum disulfide. The novel idea of using critical coupling to enhance the light-MoS2 interaction can also be adopted in other atomically thin materials. At the same time, in this article the sensing performance of the absorber is discussed, and it is found that the highest quality factor, sensitivity and figure of merit of the sensor are 1294.1, 155.1 nm/RIU, and 436, respectively. The proposed structure is simple and the program is versatile. And these results indicate that the designed structure may offer a promising technology for improving the light-matter interaction in two-dimensional transition metal binary compounds, and has excellent application prospects in wavelength selective photoluminescence and photodetection.
Published: 2021

19. High-speed calibration method for cascaded phase shifters in integrated quantum photonic chips

Author: Xing Ze-Yu, Feng Tian-Feng, Zhou Xiao-Qi, and Li Zhi-Hao
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Calibration (statistics), Phase (waves), General Physics and Astronomy, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business, Quantum
Abstract: Integrated photonics has the advantages of miniaturization, low cost, stability and easy manipulation in comparison with bulk optics. However, as the scale and complexity of the chip increase, the calibration of cascaded phase shifters on-chip will be almost impossible. The time needed to calibrate the cascaded phase shifters with using conventional method increases exponentially with the number of cascades, and the maximum number of cascades achieved so far is only 5. In this paper, we propose a high-speed calibration method by which the calibration time increases only linearly with the number of cascades increasing, achieving an exponential acceleration. For N-cascaded phase shifters, the number of points scanned by each shifter is m, our method only needs to scan \begin{document}$ ({m}^{2}+m+1)N-1 $\end{document} points instead of \begin{document}$ {m}^{n} $\end{document} with using the proposed method. The main idea of this method is that we can calibrate phase shifters one by one via two-dimensional (2D) scanning. For example, for N-cascaded phase shifter, the calibration of phase shifter N can be realized by calibrating the 2D scanning phase shifter \begin{document}$ N-1 $\end{document} and the 2D scanning phase shifter N, and the calibration of phase shifter \begin{document}$ N-1 $\end{document} can be achieved by calibrating the 2D scanning phase shifter \begin{document}$ N-2 $\end{document} and the 2D scanning phase shifter \begin{document}$ N-1 $\end{document}, and so on. The 2D scanning phase shifter \begin{document}$ N-1 $\end{document} and the 2D scanning phase shifter N scan the phase shifter N by m points and then the current of phase shifter \begin{document}$ N-1 $\end{document} is changed to scan the phase shifter N. Whenever changing the current of phase shifter \begin{document}$ N-1 $\end{document} once, we can plot a curve of current-transmission. The lowest point of the curve changes with the change of the current phase shifter \begin{document}$ N-1 $\end{document}. When the lowest point of the curve takes a maximum value, that point is the 0 or π phase of phase shifter N. Similarly, when the lowest point of the curve takes a maximum value, that point is the \begin{document}$ -0.5{\rm{\pi }} $\end{document} or \begin{document}$ 0.5{\rm{\pi }} $\end{document} phase of phase shifter \begin{document}$ N-1 $\end{document}. Then we can calibrate all phase shifters by using this method, but each phase shifter has two possibilities. Then we can set a specific current of all phase shifters to finish the calibration. The different parameters are verified to see their effect on fidelity. It is found that small experimental error has little effect on fidelity. When \begin{document}$ m > 20 $\end{document}, the fidelity becomes approximately a constant. For every 1760 increase in N, the fidelity decreases by about 0.01%. The fidelity of 20-cascaded phase shifters is 99.8%. The splitting ratio of MMI may is not 50∶50 as designed because of chip processing errors. So, different splitting ratios are simulated and it is found that the splitting ratio affects the fidelity more seriously than other parameters. But our method works still well even when the splitting ratio is 45∶55, whose fidelity is 99.95% if we know the splitting ratio. The method will greatly expand the application scope of integrated quantum photonics.
Published: 2021

20. Superconducting-circuit based Aulter-Towns splitting effect

Author: Li Zhi, Zhao Hu, and Wu Xiao-Yu
Subjects: Physics, Josephson effect, Qubit, Quantum mechanics, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, General Physics and Astronomy, Resonance, Order (ring theory), Transmon, Ground state, Coupling (probability)
Abstract: The superconducting quantum bit(qubit) based on Josephson junction is a macroscopic artificial atom. The basic parameters of the artificial atom can be changed by micro and nano machining. The three-dimensional (3D) Transmon qubit is a kind of qubit with the longer decoherence time. It is coupled with a 3D superconducting cavity by means of capacitance. It is a man-made coupling system between atom and cavity field, which can verify the effects of atomic physics, quantum mechanics, quantum optics and cavity quantum electrodynamics. In this paper, transmon qubits are prepared by the double angle evaporation method, and coupled with aluminum based 3D superconducting resonator to form 3D transmon qubits. The basic parameters of 3D transmon are characterized at an ultra-low temperature of 10 mK. The 3D transmon parameters are EC = 348.74 MHz and EJ = 11.556 GHz. The coupling coefficient g2/Δ between qubit and the 3D cavity is 43 MHz, which is located in the dispersive regime. The first transition frequency of qubit is f01 = 9.2709 GHz, and the second transition frequency is f12 = 9.0100 GHz. The 3D resonator is made of the material 6061T6 aluminum, the loaded quality factor is 4.8 × 105, and the bare frequency of the resonator is 8.108 GHz. The Jaynes-Cummings readout method is used to find the optimal readout power to distinguish among the qubit in the ground state \begin{document}$ \left| {\rm{0}} \right\rangle $\end{document}, qubit in the superposition state of \begin{document}$ \left| {\rm{0}} \right\rangle $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ \left| {\rm{1}} \right\rangle $\end{document}, and qubit in the superposition state of \begin{document}$ \left| {\rm{0}} \right\rangle $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ \left| {\rm{1}} \right\rangle $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ \left| {\rm{2}} \right\rangle $\end{document}. Then, the Aulter-Townes splitting (ATS) experiment can be fulfilled in this system. Unlike the method given by Novikov et al. [Novikov S, Robinson J E, Keane Z K, et al. 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 060503], our method only needs to apply continuous microwave excitation signal to the qubit, and does not need to carry out precise timing test on the qubit, thus reducing the test complexity of observing ATS effect. The ATS effect in resonance and non-resonance regime are observed. In the resonance ATS experiment, in order to obtain the peak value and frequency of resonance peak, Lorentz curve can be used for fitting peaks, and the ATS curve of double peak can be fitted by adding two Lorentz curves together. In the non-resonance ATS experiment, the detection signal is scanned, and the ATS double peak will shift with the different coupling signal detuning, forming an anti-crossing structure. The two curves formed by crossing free structure give two eigenvalues of Hamiltonian. By solving the equation, the experimental results can also be found to be consistent with the theoretical results.
Published: 2020

21. Three-dimensional transmon coherence measurement method based on network analyser

Author: Wu Xiao-Yu, Li Zhi, and Zhao Hu
Subjects: Physics, Quantum optics, Rabi cycle, Quantum decoherence, Qubit, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, General Physics and Astronomy, Transmon, Quantum information, Computational physics, Quantum computer
Abstract: Three-dimensional(3D) transmon is a kind of superconducting qubit with long decoherence time, which has important applications in superconducting quantum computation, quantum optics, cavity quantum electrodynamics, et al. Rabi oscillation is a vital method to characterize the decoherence time of quantum system, and it is also a basic experiment to demonstrate the energy level evolution of quantum system. In order to test the Rabi oscillation of 3D transmon, strict timing control is necessary, and the process of testing and debugging is complicated. In this paper, 3D transmon samples are fabricated and their basic parameters EC = 348.74 MHz and EJ = 11.556 GHz are tested and characterized. The coupling coefficient g2/Δ between qubit and the 3D cavity is 43 MHz, which is located in the dispersive regime. The qubit’s first transition frequency f01 = 9.2709 GHz, and the second transition frequency f12 = 9.0100 GHz. The 3D resonator is fabricated by the material 6061T6 aluminum, the loaded quality factor is 4.8 × 105, and the bare frequency of the resonator is 8.108 GHz.Through comparison, it is found that the Rabi oscillation time obtained by the proposed method is shorter than by the Jaynes-Cummings method. The main reasons are as follows. First, the measurement of network analyzer is a continuous measurement, and the test signal always affects the decoherence process of 3D transmon. Second, the quantum bit is in the ground state after decoherence, and the ground state measured by the network analyzer accounts for a relatively high proportion, which causes the curve measured by the network analyzer to be one-sided attenuation oscillation. Third, the dispersive readout method is related to the quality factor of the superconducting cavity. The storage time of microwave photons in the superconducting cavity is longer than the decoherence time of 3D transmon, so the quantum information is partially decohered before leaving the superconducting cavity, which will shorten the Rabi oscillation time.An innovative Rabi oscillation test method based on network analyzer is presented. The test system based on this method is simple to build and can be used as a new way to quickly verify whether 3D transmon has quantum characteristics. This method can also be extended to other quantum systems for preliminarily verifying the time domain characteristics.
Published: 2020

22. Near-field infrared microscopy of graphene on metal substrate

Author: Cen Gui, Li Zhi-Qiang, Lü Xin-Yu, Liu Kai-Hui, and Zhang Zhi-Bin
Subjects: Materials science, Graphene, business.industry, Near-field optics, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Macroscopic quantum phenomena, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Optoelectronics, 010306 general physics, Quantum cascade laser, Infrared microscopy, business, Electronic band structure, Plasmon
Abstract: Graphene plasmons, collective oscillation modes of electrons in graphene, have recently attracted intense attention in both the fundamental researches and the applications because of their strong field confinement, low loss and excellent tunability. The dispersion of graphene plasmons can be significantly modified in the system of graphene on metal substrate, in which the screening of the long-range part of the electron-electron interactions by nearby metal can lead to many novel quantum effects, such as acoustic plasmons, quantum nonlocal effects and renormalization of band structure. Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) which consists of a laser coupled to the tip of an atomic force microscopy (AFM), is an effective technique to directly probe plasmons in two-dimensional materials including graphene, and the graphene plasmons can be observed visually by real-space imaging. But so far the detailed s-SNOM studies of graphene/metal system have not been reported. One potential challenge is that the near-field response of highly conductive metal substrate may partially or entirely obscure that of graphene, making it difficult to further explore graphene by using s-SNOM. Here in this paper, we report the direct observation of near-field optical response of graphene in a graphene/metal system excited by a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser. From a close examination of the data of graphene/Cu compared with that of h-BN/Cu, we are able to identify experimental features due to the near-field response of graphene. Surprisingly, two completely different behaviors are observed in the s-SNOM data for different graphene samples on Cu substrates with similar surface step geometries. These results suggest that the near-field response of graphene/metal system is not completely dominated by the metal substrate, and that two completely different near-field response behaviors of graphene may be attributed to their intrinsic properties affected by metal substrates themselves rather than surface step geometries of metal substrate. In addition, following this approach it is possible to distinguish the near-field optical responses of graphene from that of graphene/metal system. Our work reveals the clear signatures of the near-field optical response of graphene on metal substrate, which provides the foundation for probing plasmons in these systems by using the s-SNOM and understanding many novel quantum phenomena therein.
Published: 2020

23. Enhanced optical squeezing from quasi-bound states in the continuum and Fano resonances without nonlinearity

Author: Li Zhi-Xin, Xiangdong Zhang, and Zhixin Li
Subjects: Electromagnetic field, Physics, Plane wave expansion method, Quantum noise, General Physics and Astronomy, Fano resonance, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nonlinear system, Homodyne detection, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Bound state, 010306 general physics, Photonic crystal
Abstract: To achieve a high degree of quantum noise squeezing, nonlinear optical interaction process is often employed. Here, we propose to utilize quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) and Fano resonances to enhance optical squeezing without nonlinearity. The theory of quantization for electromagnetic fields in the periodic nanostructure with dispersion and absorption has been developed by means of the Green’s function technique with the plane wave expansion method. The quasi-BICs and Fano resonances of radiation modes are realized by designing the photonic crystal slab structure. Based on these quasi-BICs and Fano resonances, we demonstrate that strong squeezed states can be realized by using the balanced homodyne detection scheme. The squeezing degree can be improved by more than 14 times when a weak squeezed states passes through the structure with quasi-BICs and Fano resonances. The advantage of this method is that it is not only efficient but also easy to implement because the nonlinear optical processes are not employed, which is very beneficial for the quantum information processing and precision metrology.
Published: 2019

24. The important role of polyvinylpyrrolidone and Cu on enhancing dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol by Cu/Fe nanoparticles:Performance and mechanism study

Author: Liping Fang, Cuihong Xu, Li-Zhi Huang, and Wenbin Zhang
Subjects: Materials science, TRICHLOROETHYLENE, General Physics and Astronomy, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, AQUEOUS-SOLUTION, Bimetal, Catalysis, Zero valent iron, chemistry.chemical_compound, Reductive dechlorination, medicine, PARTICLES, WATER, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Bimetallic nanoparticles, Reduction, NANOSCALE ZEROVALENT IRON, Zerovalent iron, Aqueous solution, REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Metallurgy, 2,4-Dichlorophenol, Halogenated organic pollutants, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, ZERO-VALENT IRON, CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE, chemistry, Dechlorination, NITRATE REDUCTION, 0210 nano-technology, PD/FE NANOPARTICLES, Nuclear chemistry, medicine.drug
Abstract: The important role of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Cu on the reductive dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by Cu/Fe bimetal nanoparticles has been investigated. The synthesized PVP coated Cu/Fe bimetal nanoparticles with different Cu/Fe ratios were systematically characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM and magnetic hysteresis loops. The Cu/Fe ratio and the PVP loading were optimized for dechlorination performance, and the optimum ratio of PVP to Cu/Fe was found to be 0.35 and the content of Cu in Cu/Fe nanoparticles was 41%. The presence of PVP as a dispersant/stabilizer results in a highly-dispersed Cu/Fe NPs and increase the reactivity of Cu/Fe NPs for 2,4-DCP removal. The dechlorination rate was enhanced at lower pH and higher temperature conditions. The presence of humic acid, PO43-, NO3-, SO42- leads to a slightly decreased removal efficiency of 2,4-DCP. The magnetic property of PVP-Cu/Fe nanoparticles allows rapid magnetic separation of the catalysts after reaction. A galvanic corrosion model was proposed where iron corrodes and transfers electrons to Cu-rich catalytic regions of the nanoparticles, and finally accelerating the reduction efficiency of 2,4-DCP. (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2018

25. Mechanical durability of superhydrophobic surfaces: the role of surface modification technologies

Author: Jie Zhu, Yuying Yan, Jinghui Zhi, and Li-Zhi Zhang
Subjects: Materials science, Abrasion (mechanical), General Physics and Astronomy, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Surface finish, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Durability, Surface roughness, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Composite material, Superhydrophobic, Sandpaper, Low surface energy material, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surface energy, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Sandblast, Surface modification, Abrasion, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Various surface modification technologies have been used to develop superhydrophobic surface, however their durability has been recognized as the major obstacle for the real applications. Here a quantitative investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of different surface modification methods on the surfaces’ mechanical durability. The superhydrophobic surfaces were prepared by the combination of two surface roughing methods (etching and sandblasting) with chemical modifications with four low surface energy materials: silica sol (SS), octadecanoic acid (OA), heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyltrichlorosilane (HDFS) and hexadecyltriethoxysilane (HTS). XPS was used to analyze the elements composition and AFM was used to measure the roughness of the surfaces. The durability of these surfaces was tested by a sandpaper abrasion experiment. The collective results showed that the low surface energy materials had significant effects on the surface roughness, which would then play an important role in the durability of these rough surfaces. The SS modified rough surfaces possessed higher roughness and better durability than the surfaces modified by other three low surface energy materials. SS modified rough surfaces could bear 60 cycles of abrasion with 10 g weights on 1500 CW sandpaper.
Published: 2017

26. Effects of silica surface on the ordered orientation of polyethylene: A molecular dynamics study

Author: Mei-Shan Wang, Xiao-Guang Ma, Li-Zhi Wang, Yong-Fang Mo, Yan-Fei Xing, and Chuan-Lu Yang
Subjects: Surface (mathematics), Materials science, Diffusion, Composite number, General Physics and Astronomy, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, Radial distribution, Polyethylene, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Orientation (vector space), chemistry.chemical_compound, Molecular dynamics, Crystallography, Adsorption, chemistry, Chemical physics
Abstract: The structural and dynamical properties of polyethylene (PE) adsorbed on (1 1 1), (2 2 0) and (3 3 1) surfaces of SiO 2 are investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The evolution of the PE/SiO 2 composite system is characterized using the change of nonbond energy along with time. The dynamical behaviors of PE adsorbed on these surfaces are analyzed by aid of the radial distribution, the order parameter and the diffusion coefficient. The results show that these surfaces of SiO 2 can induce ordered orientation of PE although the induction effects of the surfaces are obviously different, which is helpful for designing PE/SiO 2 composite materials.
Published: 2014

27. The dominant contributions of the inner valence electrons to the positron annihilation process in methanol

Author: Xiao-Guang Ma, Chuan-Lu Yang, and Li-Zhi Wang
Subjects: Physics, Delocalized electron, Valence (chemistry), Core charge, Core electron, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, General Physics and Astronomy, Molecular orbital theory, Tetravalence, Atomic physics, Valence electron, Open shell
Abstract: The positron–electron annihilation gamma-ray spectra of methanol have been studied in the present work. The contributions of the bound electrons to the Doppler-shift of gamma-ray spectra have been analysed as well. These bound electrons are divided into three groups: core, inner valence and outer valence rather than the conventional two groups: core and valence in the positron annihilation process in the present work. The results obtained show a dominance of the inner valence electrons of methanol rather than the electrons occupied in the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) in the positron–electron annihilation process. These inner valence electrons occupied in 3 a ′ and 4 a ′ orbitals consist of over 80% outermost atomic 2s electrons in oxygen and carbon atoms. That the positron prefers to annihilate with these outermost s electrons in atoms is suggested.
Published: 2014

28. Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic films with fractal structures using epoxy resin microspheres

Author: Yun-Yun Quan and Li-Zhi Zhang
Subjects: Materials science, Fabrication, Scanning electron microscope, General Physics and Astronomy, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, Epoxy, Condensed Matter Physics, Dispersant, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Microsphere, Curing time, Fractal, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Composite material, Curing (chemistry)
Abstract: A simple method has been developed to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces with fractal structures with epoxy resin microspheres (ERMs). The ERMs is produced by phase separation in an epoxy-amine curing system with a silica sol (SS) dispersant. The transparent epoxy solution becomes cloudy and turns into epoxy suspension (ES) in this process. The fractal structure (two tier structure) generated by synthetic epoxy resin microspheres (ERMs) and deposited nanoincrutations on the surfaces of these ERMs, which have been observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The curing time of ES is an important condition to obtain films with good comprehensive performances. Superhydrophobic films can be prepared by adding extra SS into ES with a curing time longer than 5 h. The optimal curing time is 10 h to fabricate a film with good mechanical stability and high superhydrophobicity. In addition, a surface with anti-wetting property of impacting microdroplets can be fabricated by prolonging the curing time of ES to 24 h. The gradually decreased hydrophilic groups resulted from a longer curing time enable the surface to have smaller surface adhesions to water droplets, which is the main reason to keep its superhydrophobicity under impacting conditions. The coated surface is highly hydrophobic and the impacting water droplets are bounced off from the surface.
Published: 2014

29. Topological properties of graphene moiré superlattice systems and recent optical studies

Author: Lü Xin-Yu and Li Zhi-Qiang
Subjects: Superconductivity, Materials science, Condensed Matter::Other, Graphene, Mott insulator, Superlattice, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Topology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Lattice constant, law, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, 010306 general physics, Bilayer graphene, Electronic band structure
Abstract: When 2D materials with different lattice constants or lattice rotation angles are stacked together, a periodic moiré pattern will appear. Such moiré superlattice introduces a new two dimensional periodic potential, which can greatly change the physical properties of the original systems. Recent experimental studies of moiré superlattices formed by graphene on graphene and graphene on hexagonal boron nitride have revealed very rich strong correlation effects and topological effects due to novel states in superlattice minibands. It has been shown that flat bands in graphene-based moiré superlattice systems can host both topological states and strongly correlated states, which can be controlled by an external electric field. In bilayer graphene, ABC stacked trilayer graphene and twisted bilayer-bilayer graphene, the number of valence and conduction bands near the Dirac point and even the band topology and bandwidth can be changed by varying the stacking angle between graphene layers or the applied bias voltage. Moreover, the competition between kinetic energy and coulomb interaction depends on the bandwidth and the external electric field, and at the so-called magic angle mott insulator states and superconductivity were observed. Twisted bilayer-bilayer graphene has also been predicted to show similar intriguing properties, including electrically tunable strongly correlated insulators, superconductivity and many rich topological states. In graphene-based moiré systems, the combination of topological states and strong correlations is expected to lead to a broad range of novel phenomena that are not achievable in other material systems. Therefore, graphene moiré systems is likely to bring substantial progress to the study of topological materials. In this paper, we review theoretical and experimental investigations of the topological properties of graphene moiré superlattices, including topological domain wall states in bilayer graphene and topological effects in twisted bilayer graphene, ABC trilayer graphene and twisted double bilayer graphene. The origins of topological properties of these systems are discussed as well as topological phenomena observed in various experiments. Finally, recent near-field optical studies of the band structure and novel topological properties of graphene moiré superlattices are discussed.
Published: 2019

30. Surface plasmaons enhanced light-matter interactions

Author: Li Zhi-Yuan, Liu Bo-Dong, Wu Wan-Ling, and Yu Hua-Kang
Subjects: Electromagnetic field, Materials science, business.industry, Surface plasmon, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Nonlinear optics, 01 natural sciences, Surface plasmon polariton, symbols.namesake, Far infrared, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Optoelectronics, Surface plasmon resonance, 010306 general physics, business, Raman scattering, Plasmon
Abstract: Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have been widely investigated in the past decades. Due to their unique feature of field localization, optical energy can be strongly confined in the subwavelength and even nanoscale space. This strong confinement gives rise to dramatically increased electromagnetic field strength, leading to greatly enhanced light-matter interactions. The properties of SPP are strongly dependent on material, morphology and structure. The wavelength of surface plasmon resonance can be readily manipulated over broadband optical spectra, covering ultraviolet, visible, near infrared to far infrared. In this review article, both working principle and applications of surface plasmon enhanced light-matter interactions, such as fluorescence, Raman scattering, nonlinear optics, heat effects, photoacoustic effects, photo-catalysis, and photovoltaic conversion, are comprehensively reviewed. Besides, the current problems and future research directions of surface plasmons are discussed. Our paper provides valuable reference for future high-performance plasmonic device and technology applications.
Published: 2019

31. One-dimensional spin-orbit coupling Bose gases with harmonic trapping

Author: Li Zhi-Qiang and Wang Yue-Ming
Subjects: Quantum optics, Physics, Coupling (physics), Fock state, Variational method, Quantum electrodynamics, Time evolution, General Physics and Astronomy, Zitterbewegung, Ground state, Quantum
Abstract: Rabi model is a popular model in quantum optics and describes a two-level system coupling to a quantum resonator. The fruitful physics appears when the coupling strength is comparable to the frequency of the resonator. We investigate the Bose gases of Raman induced spin-orbit coupling with an external harmonic trapping. Using the displacement Fock state in quantum optics we seek for an approximate ground state. We find the superposition state of left and right displaced oscillator state with odd parity has lower energy than the displaced state itself. Besides, we study the time evolution of both the momentum and the position of the system at single particle level to demonstrate the Zitterbewegung oscillating characteristics, which present an intuitive physical picture and are in qualitative agreement with the relevant experimental results. The results are useful to study the Rabi model in deep-strong coupling regime, the model that is difficult to realize in today’s experiment based on the high controllability property of laser, and these results are also instructive for the cold atom physics field.
Published: 2019

32. Optical design of X-ray focusing telescope

Author: Yan Yong-Qing, Zhou Xiao-Hong, Li Lin-Sen, Sheng Li-Zhi, Qiang Peng-Fei, and Liu Zhe
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Antenna aperture, Polarimetry, General Physics and Astronomy, Field of view, law.invention, Root mean square, Telescope, Optics, Cardinal point, law, Focal length, Angular resolution, business
Abstract: X-ray focusing telescope is one of the most important equipment for X-ray space observation, which is designed based on the grazing incidence principle. The purpose of x-ray observation is to detect the black holes of various sizes in outer space, and the data obtained by X-ray telescope conduces to investigating the basic physical law under the condition of extreme gravity and magnetic field, In this article, multi-layer telescope is designed to satisfy the demand for enhanced X-ray timing and polarimetry mission. in which the telescope is designed based on Wolter-I telescope. The Monte Carlo method and power spectral density are used when the relationship between mirror profile and roughness with angular resolution is investigated. We analyze the relationship between angular resolution and mirror profile, and the result shows that the higher mirror profile possesses higher angular resolution. When the root mean square(RMS) of mirror profile is 0.04 μm, PV is 0.2 μm and roughness is 0.4 nm, the mirror angular resolution is 6.3" and it will change to 30.6" when the RMS of mirror profile is 0.2 μm, PV is 1 μm and roughness is 0.4 nm. The angular resolution out of focus is also investigated in this article, and the more defocusing amount gives rise to the worse angular resolution because defocusing spot will be larger than that of focal plane. So the maximum defocusing amount of 5 mm is required when the focal plane detector is installed. The relationship between effective area with film structure and layers number is also investigated. The film with Au mixed with C has a higher reflectivity than the film with only Au, because the mixed film will generate an interference effect and enhance the intensity of reflecting X-ray. When the telescope layers increase, the effective area and telescope weight are both improved, the requirement for effective area of satellite can be satisfied when the number of nesting layers is 45. However, when the number of nesting layers further increase, the effective area will be improved with a low speed, but the weight of telescope will increase with a high speed. The field of view of this telescope is 16′, which is more than the required value of 12′. Finally, the X-ray focusing telescope with 5.25 m focal length, 45 nesting layers, effective area 842 cm2 at 2 keV, 563 cm2 at 6 keV is obtained.
Published: 2019

33. Advances in surface-enhanced optical forces and optical manipulations

Author: Wang Han-Cong and Li Zhi-Peng
Subjects: Plasmonic nanoparticles, Materials science, business.industry, Optical force, Surface plasmon, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Fano resonance, 01 natural sciences, Optical tweezers, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Surface plasmon resonance, 010306 general physics, business, Plasmon, Localized surface plasmon
Abstract: The localized surface plasmons in metal nanostructures under optical excitation will lead to near-field localization and enhancement, which have shown important applications in surface enhancement spectroscopy, ultra-sensitive sensing, microfluidic chip, enhanced optical force, etc. The plasmon resonance and the resulting electric field enhancement strongly depend on wavelength and structure geometry. As a result, the optical force will be closely related to the field distribution, that is, the optical force can be used to manipulate and sort plasmonic metal structures. The large near-field enhancement and gradient of metal nanoparticle aggregates can also be used as a " plasmonic tweezer” to manipulate other particles. Furthermore, in the case of changing the incident polarization and even for a new type of structured laser beam, the optical manipulation has a higher degree of freedom. In this review, having briefly introduced the plasmon-enhanced optical force, we focus on the recent advances in the following three aspects: 1) the manipulation of plasmonic nanoparticles by optical tweezer, 2) the manipulation of other particles by plasmonic tweezer, and 3) dependence of plasmonic optical force on the polarization, optical angular momentum, structured light and the structured chirality. Comparing with other topics of plasmon- enhanced light-interactions, there is plenty of room for further developing the plasmon-enhanced optical force and optical manipulation. Several research trends can be foreseen. 1) More precise optical manipulating and sorting of nanoparticles (even sub-nanometer). For example, more sensitive special resonant modes (e.g. Fano resonance) of plasmonic nanostructure can be utilized. For some nanostructures with small feature sizes, especially when the gap size is close to 1 nm, the non-local effect has a certain effect on the plasmon resonance. Therefore, when calculating the optical force in this case, non-local effects and possibly other quantum effects should be considered. 2) Richer laser fields, that is, using various new structured fields and chiral structures provides a higher degree of freedom for the optical forces and optical manipulation. Also, the localized surface plasmons can be combined with propagating surface plasmons. 3) Wider applications of plasmonic optical forces, especially in combination with other effects and even interdiscipline, e.g. enhanced spectroscopy, enhanced single particle chemical reactions, nonlinear optical effects, and photothermal manipulations.
Published: 2019

34. Effect of the reagent vibration on stereodynamics of the reaction Ca+HCl→CaCl+H

Author: Qing-Qang Zhang, Li-Li Duan, Jing-Juan Liang, Chuan-Lu Yang, and Li-zhi Wang
Subjects: Angular momentum, Scattering, Chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Multireference configuration interaction, Quantum number, Computational chemistry, Reagent, Excited state, Potential energy surface, Molecule, Physical chemistry, Physics::Chemical Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: Based on the new potential energy surface [G.Verbockhaven, C. Sanz, G.C. Groenenboom, O. Roncero, J. Chem. Phys. 122 (2005) 204307] constructed by means of the multireference configuration interaction, the influence of the reagent vibrational excitation on the Ca + HCl reaction has been investigated by the quasi-classical trajectory method. The vibrational level and rotational level of the reactant molecule are taken as v = 0–2 and j = 0 respectively. The polarization-dependent generalized differential cross sections (PDDCSs) and alignments of the product rotational angular momentum for all reactions are reported. The calculation results show that the vibrational quantum number has a considerable influence on the distribution of the k – j ′ vector correlation, The CaCl product mainly tends to the backward scattering for v > 0, the effects of initial vibrational excited state of reactant molecule on PDDCSs are also revealed.
Published: 2012

35. Collision energy effect on the H′+BrH(ν=0,j=0)→H′Br+H reaction: A quasi-classical trajectory study

Author: Li-zhi Wang, Chuan-Lu Yang, Qinggang Zhang, and Jing-Juan Liang
Subjects: Range (particle radiation), Distribution (mathematics), Chemistry, Wave packet, Product (mathematics), Potential energy surface, General Physics and Astronomy, Molecule, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Ground state, Quantum
Abstract: Theoretical studies on the dynamics of the exchange reaction H′ + BrH ( ν = 0, j = 0) → H′Br + H are performed on potential energy surface (PES) (Kurosaki et al., private communication) for the ground state using the quasi-classical trajectory method. The cross sections, computed at the collision energies ( E c ) of 0.5–2.0 eV, are in good agreement with the earlier quantum wave packet results. The rotational, vibrational, and translational fractions in the total energy and the vibrational distribution for the product molecule are calculated at the same collision-energy range. The results support the repulsive character of the PES. In the considered E c range, it has little chance to occur in an indirect reaction. The alignment and orientation of the product H′Br are investigated in detail with stereodynamics. The results show that E c can effect on both the alignment and the orientation of product.
Published: 2012

36. Influence of Flexoelectric Effect on Director Alignment of Nematic Liquid Crystals in Axial Arrangement Cylindrical Cells

Author: Hong-Hong Liu, Li-Zhi Zhu, Huai-Rui Yue, Yan-Jun Zhang, and Rui-Xia Yang
Subjects: Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Liquid crystal, 0103 physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences
Published: 2018

37. Numerical modelling for characteristics of the meso-pressure six-phase alternative current arc discharge plasma jet

Author: Li Zhi-Hui, Nie Qiuyue, Li Heping, Zeng Shi, Zhang Xiaoning, and Guo Heng
Subjects: Electric arc, Materials science, Physics::Plasma Physics, Phase (matter), Alternative current, Plasma jet, General Physics and Astronomy, Mechanics
Abstract: In the re-entry process of hypersonic vehicle in near space,the violent interaction between the vehicle and the surrounding air will ionize the air and leaves a complex environment in the vicinity of the vehicle surface.Both the flow field and the communication between the vehicle and the controlling center on the earth are significantly affected by the generated plasma layers.This will result in serious system operation problems such as the communication blackout or radio blackout.Numerical modelling is one of the most widely used methods to investigate such complicated physical-chemical processes involving coupled magneto-hydrodynamics,heat transfer,dissociation,ionization,excitation and their reverse processes.Due to the strong collision,non-uniform and non-equilibrium characteristics of the plasma layers formed in the vicinity of the vehicle surface,a self-consistent physical-mathematical model,as well as a database for the transport properties of non-equilibrium plasmas,describing the non-equilibrium features of plasmas is one of the pre-requisites for numerical simulations.This paper focuses on the non-equilibrium plasmas produced near the bluff body surface in the re-entry process of hypersonic vehicles in near space,and a new non-equilibrium plasma model which has been developed previously by our group is employed for conducting two-dimensional (2D) simulations on the characteristics of the non-equilibrium argon plasma jets based on the multiphase gas discharge plasma experimental platform-2015(MPX-2015) established in our laboratory.The modelling is conducted under two different flow conditions, i.e.,the sub-sonic flow condition and the super-sonic flow condition.Under the sub-sonic flow condition,the 2D nonequilibrium modeling results are consistent well with the experimental measurements which validates the reliability of the non-equilibrium physical-mathematical model,as well as the developed computer codes in this study.The modeling results under the super-sonic flow conditions show that the spatial uniformity of the plasma layer surrounding the bluff body,as well as the total heat flux to the bluff body surface from plasmas,decreases significantly with the increase of the plasma jet velocity;while the local electron number density increases in the vicinity of the head of the bluff body, the thickness of the plasma layer surrounding the bluff body first decreases,and then increases.These modelling results provide a theoretical guidance for conducting experimental studies under a super-sonic flow condition on MPX-2015. In the future research,we will extend the physical-mathematical model to investigate of the transient,non-equilibrium features of the air discharge plasmas,and the complicated interactions between the plasma jet and the surrounding air, and/or the downstream bluff body under different operating conditions.Simultaneously,we will also try to develop the in-situ experimental methods to obtain the spatiotemporal distributions of the temperature,velocity and species concentrations in the plasma layer,and conduct a comparison between modelling results and measured data.
Published: 2018

38. Research progress of two-dimensional organic topological insulators

Author: Zhang Li-Zhi, Du Shi-Xuan, Zhang Yu-Yang, and Gao Yi-Xuan
Subjects: Theoretical physics, Materials science, Topological insulator, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences
Abstract: The discovery of new materials promotes the progress in science and technique. Among these new materials, topological materials have received much attention in recent years. Topological phases represent the advances both in the fundamental understanding of materials and in the broad applications in spintronics and quantum computing. The two-dimensional (2D) topological insulator (TI), also called quantum spin Hall insulator, is a promising material which has potential applications in future electronic devices with low energy consumption. The 2D TI has a bulk energy gap and a pair of gapless metallic edge states that are protected by the time reversal symmetry. To date, most of topological insulators are inorganic materials. Organic materials have potential advantages of low cost, easy fabrications, and mechanical flexibility. Historically, inorganic materials and devices have always found their organic counterparts, such as organic superconductors, organic light emitting diodes and organic spintronics. Recently, it has been predicted that some metal-organic lattices belong in an interesting class of 2D organic topological insulator (OTI). In this review, we present the progress of OTIs mainly in two typical types of them. In the first group, metal atoms bond with three neighboring molecules to form a hexagonal lattice, while they bond with two neighboring molecules to form a Kagome lattice. The electronic properties show that the Dirac band around Fermi level mainly comes from the hexagonal sites, and the flat band around Fermi level mainly is from Kagome lattice. It has been found that some of the materials from the first group could be intrinsic OTIs. However, none of the 2D OTIs predicted in the second group with a Kagome lattice is intrinsic. To obtain intrinsic OTIs from those non-intrinsic ones, in the heavy doping of material (one or two electrons per unit cell) it is required to move the Fermi level inside the gap opened by spin-orbit coupling, which is hard to realize in experiment. Therefore, many efforts have been made to search for intrinsic OTIs. It has been reported that the first group of 2D OTIs with a hexagonal lattice is found to be more possible to be intrinsic. By performing an electron counting and analyzing the orbital hybridization, an existing experimentally synthesized Cu-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) metal-organic framework is predicted to be an intrinsic OTI. Furthermore, like Cu-DCA, the structures consisting of molecules with cyanogen groups and noble metal atoms could be intrinsic OTIs. Finally, we discuss briefly possible future research directions in experimental synthesis and computational design of topological materials. We envision that OTIs will greatly broaden the scientific and technological influence of topological insulators and become a hot research topic in condensed matter physics.
Published: 2018

39. Valley and spin polarization manipulated by electric field in magnetic silicene superlattice

Author: Yao Hui, Nie Yi-Hang, Li Zhi-Jian, and Hou Hai-Yan
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Materials science, Spin polarization, Condensed matter physics, Silicene, Electric field, Superlattice, General Physics and Astronomy, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect
Abstract: Silicene is a close relative of graphene with a honeycomb lattice structure. However, silicene is unlike the strictly two-dimensional graphene and it has a buckled structure, i.e., the A and B atoms form two sublattice planes with a small vertical separation distance in between. Thus a perpendicular electric field applied to silicene can induce a staggered sublattice potential and different onsite energies in the A and B sublattices. As a result, silicene has a large spin-orbit gap compared with graphene. In addition, the mass of Dirac electrons in silicone is controllable by an external electric field, which leads to several controllable polarized transports in the silicene junction, including valley-, spin-and pseudospin-polarization transport. However, in a single silicone junction the manipulations of polarizations are not ideal. In this work, we consider several silicene-based superlattices in order to effectively control the properties of polarization transport. Using the transfer matrix method, we study valley-, spin-and pseudospin-polarization transport in silicene-based electrostatic potential, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic superlattices. The effects of ferromagnetic exchange field, antiferromagnetic exchange field and chemical potential on transport properties are analyzed and the roles of electrostatic field in regulating valley-, spin-and pseudospin-polarization are discussed. The ferromagnetic superlattices result in spin-dependent chemical potential in ferromagnetic regime, while Dirac-like mass depends on the antiferromagnetic exchange field and spin. For electrostatic potential superlattice, the pseudospin-polarization occurs and there is no spin-polarixation nor valley-polarization. The peaks of both the pseudospin conductances are completely separated from each other and the pseudospin is completely polarized in the wide range of the zero field for both sides. For ferromagnetic superlattice, the ferromagnetic exchange field and chemical potential lead to the concurrences of spin-and valley-polarizations. The spin-and valley-polarizations can realize a sudden reversal from -1 to +1 by adjusting the electric field. For antiferromagnetic superlattice, the similar properties of spin-and valley-polarizations are observed. Comparing with the ferromagnetic superlattice, only the polarization order is different when the same change is made in the electric field. These results indicate that when the number of lattices in the superlattice is more than 10, the valley-, spin-and pseudospin-polarization reach 100% easily in silicene-based superlattice. The polarization direction can be reversed by adjusting the electric field, which is helpful in manipulating the freedom degrees of valley, spin and pseudospin in silicene superlattice.
Published: 2018

40. An adaptive denoising algorithm for chaotic signals based on collaborative filtering

Author: Zhou Ze-Quan, Li Zhi-Jun, Zeng Yi-Cheng, and Wang Meng-Jiao
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, Chaotic, General Physics and Astronomy, Pattern recognition, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Adaptive denoising, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Collaborative filtering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract: Chaos is a seemingly random and irregular movement, happening in a deterministic system without random factors. Chaotic theory has promising applications in various areas (e.g., communication, image encryption, geophysics, weak signal detection). However, observed chaotic signals are often contaminated by noise. The presence of noise hinders the chaos theory from being applied to related fields. Therefore, it is important to develop a new method of suppressing the noise of the chaotic signals. Recently, the denoising algorithm for chaotic signals based on collaborative filtering was proposed. Its denoising performance is better than those of the existing denoising algorithms for chaotic signals. The denoising algorithm for chaotic signals based on collaborative filtering makes full use of the self-similar structural feature of chaotic signals. However, in the parameter optimization issue of the denoising algorithm, the selection of the filter parameters is affected by signal characteristic, sampling frequency and noise level. In order to improve the adaptivity of the denoising algorithm, a criterion for selecting the optimal filter parameters is proposed based on permutation entropy in this paper. The permutation entropy can effectively measure the complexity of time series. It has been widely applied to physical, medical, engineering, and economic sciences. According to the difference among the permutation entropies of chaotic signals at different noise levels, first, different filter parameters are used for denoising noisy chaotic signals. Then, the permutation entropy of the reconstructed chaotic signal corresponding to each of filter parameters is computed. Finally, the permutation entropies of the reconstructed chaotic signals are compared with each other, and the filter parameter corresponding to the minimum permutation entropy is selected as an optimal filter parameter. The selections of the filter parameters are analyzed in the cases of different signal characteristics, different sampling frequencies and different noise levels. Simulation results show that this criterion can automatically optimize the filter parameter efficiently in different conditions, which improves the adaptivity of the denoising algorithm for chaotic signals based on collaborative filtering.
Published: 2018

41. Physical process of tidal synchronization and orbital circularization in rotating binaries

Author: Song Han-Feng, Zhan Qiong, Li Zhi, Wang Jing-Zhou, and Peng Wei-Guo
Subjects: Control theory, Computer science, Synchronization (computer science), Process (computing), Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: The tide is a very important physical factor which can significantly affect the structure and evolution of stars. The physical factors which can affect tidal synchronization and orbital circularization are explored in this paper. For stars with radiative envelopes, radiative damping mechanism is required to explain the observed synchronization and circularization of close binaries. A star can experience a range of oscillations that arise from, and are driven by, the tidal field:the dynamical tides. The dynamical tide is the dynamical response to the tidal force exerted by the companion; it takes into account the elastic properties of the star, and the possibilities of resonances with its free modes of oscillation. The dissipation mechanism acting on this kind of tide is the deviation from adiabaticity of the forced oscillation, due to the radiative damping. Several physical factors can have an influence on the process of radiative damping which is scaled with thermal timescale. These physical factors include stellar mass, initial velocity, orbital period, metallicity, overshooting, etc. According to the equations for angular momentum transfer and chemical elements diffusion, we can obtain how these physical factors affect the evolution of rotating binaries and the mixing of chemical elements in two rotating components. The results indicates that the binaries with massive stars, smaller initial spin velocities, smaller overshooting parameters, and shorter orbital periods can attain the equilibrium speed and orbital circularization early. At synchronous states, the tidal torque is zero and stellar winds continue to brake the star. Therefore, two components cannot keep the synchronous state for a long time. At the equilibrium state, the tidal torque is counteracted by wind torques. Therefore, the equilibrium speed is less than the synchronous one. The system with smaller initial spin velocities reaches the equilibrium speed and orbital circularization early because angular momentum transformation between spin and the orbit can shorten the orbital distance and increase the tidal torques. Nitrogen enrichment in binaries is weaker than the one in single stars due to tidal braking. The results reveal that the system with massive components, higher metallicities, larger overshooting parameters, and shorter orbital periods can display high nitrogen enrichment. Stellar radius is small in the star with lower mass, lower metallicities, slower spin speeds and larger overshooting parameters whereas the star with lower metallicities have higher surface effective temperature. Rapid rotating stars evolve towards low temperature and luminosity in the HR diagram.
Published: 2018

42. Three-dimensional simulations and analyses of spherical hohlraum experiments on SGⅢ laser facility

Author: Ren Guo-Li, Li Zhi-Chao, Chen Yao-Hua, Lan Ke, Huo Wenyi, Zhang Ming-Yu, Liu Jie, Ji Zhicheng, Li Shu, Yan Wei-Hua, and Han Xiao-Ying
Subjects: Physics, Optics, Hohlraum, law, business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, Laser, business, law.invention
Abstract: A new type of laser fusion indirect drive octahedral spherical hohlraum has been built up by Chinese researchers in recent years. The hohlraum with 6 laser entrance holes (LEHs) has superiority over other hohlraum configurations in both robust inherent high symmetry and high coupling energy efficiency from laser to hotspot for inertial confinement fusion study. Recently, an experimental investigation on radiation emission from the spherical hohlraum with two LEHs has been performed on the SGⅢ laser facility. In this experiment, 32 laser beams (24 beams from the top, 8 beams from the bottom) are injected into the hohlraum within 3 ns, and the total laser energy is 86.4 kJ. The hohlraum radius is 1.8 mm, and the radius of laser entrance hole is 0.6 mm. The experiments are conducted under two conditions:one is that a 0.48-radius capsule is located at the center of the hohlraum, and the other is that nothing is located in the hohlraum. Some flat response X-ray detectors (FXRDs) are installed at different angles on the target wall to collect the radiation energy. We carry out three-dimensional (3D) simulations of the experiment by using our 3D radiation implicit Monte Carlo code IMC3D. This code was developed in recent years based on fleck and Cumming's ideas. The hydrodynamics is not taken into consideration in the simulations, so we deduct 30% laser energy lost to hohlraum wall movements and back scattered by laser plasma instabilities. Based on the approximation, the simulation results are reasonable in principle. As a result, the radiation temperature of the hohlraum with capsule is 230 eV, and the radiation temperature of the hohlraum without capsule is 238 eV. At the end of laser injection, the capsule reflection ratio is 0.83. Compared with the experimental data, most of the simulation data agree well with the detector observations, except the data at 0 angle. The possible reasons for the difference are analyzed. The flux at 0 angle is more sensitive to the wall plasma movements than at the other angles. So if we ignore this phenomenon, then the witch will occur both in experiment and in simulation, yielding obvious differences for those quantities which strongly relate to the hydrodynamics of wall plasma. Finally, the methods of eliminating the difference are proposed and the prospect of IMC3D is presented.
Published: 2018

43. Development and testing of glass substrate Wolter-1 X-ray focusing mirror

Author: Sheng Li-Zhi, Qiang Peng-Fei, Li Lin-Sen, Zhou Xiao-Hong, Zhang Chun-Min, Zhao Bao-Sheng, and Liu Zhe
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, X-ray, General Physics and Astronomy, Optoelectronics, Substrate (printing), business
Abstract: The wolter-1 X-ray focusing mirror can reflect grazing incidence X-ray to the focal plane, which plays an important role in the astronomical detection and other fields due to its good image detecting capability. A geometric model of the optical system is established for theoretically deriving the optical path equations which is useful in this glass based focusing mirror designing, all the design parameters of the focusing mirror can be obtained by solving these equations. In the manufacturing process, the D263T glass is chosen to be the structural material of the focusing mirror due to its light weight and super smooth surface, after a slumping process, the flat glass mirror will have the shape of Wolter-1 X-ray focusing mirror. This slumping process has been used successfully in the manufacturing process of an American mission named The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, which was launched in 2012. According to X-ray reflecting theory, the reflectivity of the Wolter-1 mirror can be improved significantly by coating metal film on the surface of the mirror. In this work, an iridium film is coated on the surface of the glass mirror through a vacuum evaporating process. In order to learn the influence of the focal spot caused by the mirror shape tolerance, the morphology of the mirror is tested by using a 3-D laser scan instrument. The results show that 50% of the total test points are located in the tolerance range of-10-10 m, in which the tolerance represents the difference between the actual lens profile and the ideal lens profile. Then the focal spot test is carried out with the help of a visible light test system:a laser collimator is installed in front of focusing mirror as an incidence light source, and a charge coupled device (CCD) is placed in the focal plane to gather the image of the focal spot, by calculating the gray level distribution of the focal spot image taken by the CCD, the energy distribution characteristic of focal spot can be obtained. The experimental results show that the focal length of the focusing mirror is 1.6 m, and the half-power surrounding diameter of the focal spot is 0.33 mm, corresponding to the angular resolution of 0.7 arc min.
Published: 2018

44. Analysis and finite element simulation of electromagnetic heating in the nitride MOCVD reactor

Author: Zhang Jin-Cheng, Zhou Xiao-Wei, Li Zhi-Ming, Xu Sheng-Rui, Ni Jin-Yu, and Hao Yue
Subjects: Electromagnetic field, Materials science, Electromagnetic coil, Heating element, law, General Physics and Astronomy, Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy, Mechanics, Joule heating, Finite element method, Intensity (heat transfer), Susceptor, law.invention
Abstract: Electromagnetic field distribution in the vertical metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) reactor is simulated by using the finite element method (FEM). The effects of alternating current frequency, intensity, coil turn number and the distance between the coil turns on the distribution of the Joule heat are analysed separately, and their relations to the value of Joule heat are also investigated. The temperature distribution on the susceptor is also obtained. It is observed that the results of the simulation are in good agreement with previous measurements.
Published: 2009

45. An efficient deterministic secure quantum communication scheme based on cluster states and identity authentication

Author: Ma Ting-Huai, Chen Han-Wu, Liu Wen-Jie, Hu Wen-Bo, Li Zhi-qiang, and Liu Zhi-Hao
Subjects: Security analysis, Quantum network, Authentication, business.industry, Computer science, Cluster state, General Physics and Astronomy, Quantum key distribution, Quantum cryptography, business, Quantum information science, Computer Science::Cryptography and Security, Computer network, Quantum computer
Abstract: A novel efficient deterministic secure quantum communication scheme based on four-qubit cluster states and single-photon identity authentication is proposed. In this scheme, the two authenticated users can transmit two bits of classical information per cluster state, and its efficiency of the quantum communication is 1/3, which is approximately 1.67 times that of the previous protocol presented by Wang et al [Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 (2006) 2658]. Security analysis shows the present scheme is secure against intercept-resend attack and the impersonator's attack. Furthermore, it is more economic with present-day techniques and easily processed by a one-way quantum computer.
Published: 2009

46. Critical rotation of an anharmonically trapped Bose–Einstein condensate

Author: Xue Ju-Kui, Ma Juan, and Li Zhi
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Anharmonicity, Rotation around a fixed axis, General Physics and Astronomy, Rotation, Vortex, law.invention, Variational method, law, Deformation (engineering), Atomic physics, Bose–Einstein condensate, Excitation
Abstract: We consider rotational motion of an interacting atomic Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with both two- and three-body interactions in a quadratic-plus-quartic and harmonic-plus-Gaussian trap. By using the variational method, the influence of the three-body interaction and the anharmonicity of the trap on the lowest energy surface mode excitation and the spontaneous shape deformation (responsible for the vortex formation) in a rotating BEC is discussed in detail. It is found that the repulsive three-body interaction helps the formation of the vortex and reduces the lowest energy surface mode frequency and the critical rotational frequency of the system. Moreover, the critical rotational frequency for the vortex formation in the harmonic-plus-Gaussian potential is lower than that in the quadratic-plus-quartic potential.
Published: 2009

47. Long-range surface plasmon polaritons with subwavelength mode expansion in an asymmetrical system

Author: Gong Qi-Huang, Chen Jian-Jun, and Li Zhi
Subjects: Permittivity, chemistry.chemical_classification, Range (particle radiation), Materials science, business.industry, Mode (statistics), General Physics and Astronomy, Dielectric, Substrate (electronics), Polymer, Surface plasmon polariton, Optics, chemistry, Optoelectronics, business, Refractive index
Abstract: Long-range surface plasmon polariton (LRSPP) modes in an asymmetrical system, in which the thin metal fllm is sandwiched between a semi-inflnite substrate and a high permittivity polymer fllm with a flnite thickness, are theoretically calculated and analyzed. Due to the high permittivity of the polymer fllm, at proper polymer fllm thicknesses, the index-matching condition of the dielectrics at both sides of the metal can be satisfled for supporting LRSPP modes, and the electromagnetic fleld above the metal can be localized well. It is found that these LRSPP modes have both long propagation lengths and subwavelength mode expansion above the metal at the optimal polymer fllm thicknesses. Furthermore, the requirements on the refractive index and the thickness of the polymer fllm to support LRSPP modes at the optimal thicknesses are found to be not critical.
Published: 2009

48. Evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game on highly clustered community networks

Author: Li Zhi, Wang Long, Liu Yong-Kui, and Chen Xiao-Jie
Subjects: Dilemma, Microeconomics, Computer Science::Computer Science and Game Theory, Computer science, Community network, Homogeneous, Stochastic game, General Physics and Astronomy, Prisoner's dilemma, Clustering coefficient
Abstract: This paper studies the evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game on a highly clustered community network in which the clustering coefficient and the community size can be tuned. It finds that the clustering coefficient in such a degree- homogeneous network inhibits the emergence of cooperation for the entire range of the payoff parameter. Moreover, it finds that the community size can also have a marked influence on the evolution of cooperation, with a larger community size leading to not only a lower cooperation level but also a smaller threshold of the payoff parameter above which cooperators become extinct.
Published: 2009

49. Analytical solution of the Boltzmann–Poisson equation and its application to MIS tunneling junctions

Author: Zhang Li-Zhi and Wang Zheng-Chuan
Subjects: Physics, Partial differential equation, Differential equation, General Physics and Astronomy, Poisson–Boltzmann equation, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Plasma modeling, Boltzmann equation, symbols.namesake, Uniqueness theorem for Poisson's equation, Quantum mechanics, Boltzmann constant, symbols, Poisson's equation
Abstract: In order to consider quantum transport under the influence of an electron-electron (e-e) interaction in a mesoscopic conductor, the Boltzmann equation and Poisson equation are investigated jointly. The analytical expressions of the distribution function for the Boltzmann equation and the self-consistent average potential concerned with e-e interaction are obtained, and the dielectric function appearing in the self-consistent average potential is naturally generalized beyond the Thomas–Fermi approximation. Then we apply these results to the tunneling junctions of a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) in which the electrons are accumulated near the interface of the semiconductor, and we find that the e-e interaction plays an important role in the transport procedure of this system. The electronic density, electric current as well as screening Coulombic potential in this case are studied, and we reveal the time and position dependence of these physical quantities explicitly affected by the e-e interaction.
Published: 2009

50. First-principles study of the geometrical and electronic structures of (n=2–16) clusters

Author: Yu-zong Gu, Gao-feng Zhao, Jian-min Sun, Li-li Zhi, and Wen-qing Zhang
Subjects: Chemistry, Ionization, Atom, Binding energy, Cluster (physics), General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Electronic structure, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Ionization energy, Stability (probability), Indium
Abstract: The lowest-energy structures and electronic properties of indium clusters have been systematically investigated by using density-functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). Our calculations show that the lowest-energy structure for the n atom cluster can be obtained by capping an atom on the structure of the n − 1 atom cluster. With increasing cluster size, we find that indium clusters tend to adopt compact structures. The calculated results on the average binding energy, second-order difference of cluster energies, the vertical ionization potentials as well as the HOMO–LUMO gaps of the In n (n = 2–l6) clusters indicate that the relative stability of In 2 , In 4 , In 6 , In 8 , In 10 and In 13 is stronger than that of other size clusters. On the other hand, stability of In clusters can also be explained according to the average slope of the average binding energy curve varying with cluster size n. Moreover, the stability is more prominent at n = 8 and 13.
Published: 2009

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