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The parasitic disease such as octodectosis widely spread in our country as well as abroad may cause significant economic damage. In fur farms of the Russian Federation the extensity of Otodectescynotis infection is in the range from 35 to 85% and in some farms reaches 100%. Objective of research: to determine the efficacy of a new drug produced on the basis of levofloxacin, clotrimazole, dexamethasone, moxidectinused forotodectos is in foxes and to identify by histological examination the effect of the composition of active ingredients onthe inner skin surface of the ear in foxes with otodectosis. Materials and methods: microscopic examination of scrapings was performed using abiotic research method of A.M. Priselkova. Histological sections were prepared according to the standard techniques. Morphometry was performed using the program ImageJ. Results and discussion: the results of clinical and laboratory studies of foxes at ZAO «Saltykovsky» have revealed that the rate of Otodectescynotis infection in adult stock was 73,7%. No complications and side effects were observed during the treatment.The 100% efficacy of eardrops was confirmed by two acarological studies. The article presents the description of histological preparations of the inner surface of the ears of foxes before and after treatment forotodectosis. Positive morphological changes in the skin were revealed. The optimal microstructural organization of tissue has been restored after using the drug, in particular, the total skin thickness has been reduced by 2.2 times compared to the values provided from the group of sick animals (otodectosis). Thus, it was found that there is a tendency to the regeneration processes of skin in the inner surface of the auricle of treated animals

In this article, the efficacy of nitric oxide (NO) fumigation to control bulb mites in the genus Rhizoglyphus and its effects on germination and growth of flower bulbs were studied. Bulb mites on infested peanuts were fumigated with NO at different concentrations under ultralow oxygen conditions in 1.9-liter jars for 4–48 h at various temperatures ranging from 2 to 20 °C. Bulb mites were susceptible to NO fumigation treatment. Efficacy of fumigation treatment increased with increased concentration, treatment time, and temperature within the ranges tested. Complete control of bulb mites was achieved in 24-h fumigation with 3.0% and 5.0% NO at 10 °C and with 2.0% NO at 20 °C. A fumigation treatment with 3.0% NO at 20 °C for 24 h, which was stronger than necessary for bulb mite control, was tested on bulbs of four flower varieties to determine its safety on germination and growth of the flower bulbs. The NO fumigation treatments did not significantly affect germination and growth of flower bulbs. This study showed that NO fumigation was effective against bulb mites on peanuts and did not affect germination and growth of flower bulbs. Therefore, NO fumigation has potential for postharvest control of bulb mites on flower bulbs.

The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, represents a key threat for the poultry industry worldwide. The control of D. gallinae is mainly achieved by continuous applications of acaricides. However, the fast-growing development of resistance, and the strict laws concerning chemicals admitted for treatments on food animals, highlighted the importance of alternative control tools. Here, we explored the potential of Artemisia sieberi essential oil against D. gallinae. In this study, the A. sieberi essential oil was analyzed using GC and GC-MS. The oil toxicity through contact and fumigant assays on adult mites was evaluated. The oil repellent activity was assessed on adult mites over different time intervals. Lastly, the residual toxicity of various doses of the oil was evaluated on D. gallinae until 14 days post treatment. GC and GC-MS showed that the oil was rich in α-thujone (31.5%), β-thujone (11.92%), camphor (12.3%), and 1,8-cineole (10.09%). Contact toxicity on adult mites showed 50% lethal concentration (LC50), LC90, and LC99 of 15.85, 26.63, and 35.42 μg/cm3, respectively. In fumigant assays, the oil was toxic on D. gallinae, and mortality was significantly higher in open containers over closed ones, underlining the key role of highly volatile constituents. Repellent assays showed that after 24 h from the treatment, all doses of the A. sieberi essential oil led to significant repellent activity over the control, except for 2 μg/cm3. After 48 h, A. sieberi essential oil tested at all doses led to significant repellent activity, if compared to the control. Residual toxicity assays showed that time exposure and concentration tested had a significant impact on mite mortality after 1, 2, 5, and 7 days from the treatment. Notably, mortality remained significantly higher over the control for 7 days after spraying with oil at 2%. Further field assays with selected molecules from the A. sieberi essential oil are ongoing, testing them in synergistic blends, as well as in microencapsulated formulations.

High standards of biosecurity are known to reduce the risk of disease outbreaks; however, uptake of advice and implementation of biosecurity measures are dependent on many factors. This study assessed the uptake of targeted biosecurity advice by 60 laying hen farms provided during biosecurity audit visits. Advice was provided as bullet point cards focusing on specific areas identified as benefitting from improvement. These covered site entrance, site tidiness, vaccination, boot hygiene, hand hygiene, house tidiness, rodent control, fly control, red mite control and cleaning and disinfection between flocks. Background knowledge of Salmonella and biosecurity and farmers' willingness and intent to implement additional measures were assessed. About 50% of the principal decision-makers had basic background knowledge of Salmonella, with 22% considered well informed; almost all agreed that biosecurity could impact on Salmonella control and many appeared willing to implement additional biosecurity measures. Sixty-three per cent of study farms were categorised using the Defra Farmer Segmentation Model as Modern Family Businesses (MFBs), with 7-11% of farms being categorised as Custodian, Lifestyle Choice, Pragmatist or Challenged Enterprise; however, categorisation, did not determine uptake of advice. The most frequently used advice cards were boot hygiene, red mite control, hand hygiene, site entrance and cleaning and disinfection; uptake of advice ranged from 54 to 80% depending on the advice card. Uptake of advice by the farmers was encouraging, especially considering it was being provided by people other than their usual source of biosecurity information. Those who did not implement the recommended measures cited cost, difficulty of enforcement and practicality as the main reasons. However, the positive uptake of advice and implementation of recommended measures by many farmers demonstrates that targeted advice, discussed face to face with farmers, on a small number of key areas, is a potentially effective method of providing biosecurity information to complement more lengthy formal advisory reports.

The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is an economically important hematophagous parasite of commercial egg laying hens, also affecting domesticated birds and companion animals. Conventional control of D. gallinae through acaricidal spraying is often ineffective, creating an urgent need to identify alternative management strategies for commercial and domestic infestations. Whilst integrated pest management is being considered for D. gallinae, the potential of impeding mite 'migration' routes, to either prevent initial infestation or manage established populations, has not been researched. Here we demonstrate that barriers of insecticidal glue, double sided sticky tape and thyme oil can contain D. gallinae within a specified area of a petri dish (78-88% of total mite population) and this level of containment was significantly greater than for negative controls (p values

Un acaricide pyréthrinoîde, la deltaméthrine (Butox 50), une amidine, l'amitraze (Taktik) et un organophosphoré, le phoxime (Sébacil), applicables en aspersion, ainsi que deux pyréthrinoîdes administrables en dépôt dorsal ("pour,on") ou en taches ("spot-on"), la fluméthrine (Bayticol "pour,on") et la deltaméthrine (formulation "pour-on"), ont été testés en Guadeloupe sur des bovins au pâturage naturellement infestés par des adultes de la tique Amblyomma variegatum. Pour les produits administrables en aspersion, la meilleure efficacité est obtenue avec l'amitraze (98,5 % de réduction de l'infestation). L'efficacité est encore meilleure avec les deux pyréthrinoîdes testés en "pour-on" (99,3 % de réduction avec la fluméthrine), ou en "spot-on" (100 % de réduction avec la fluméthrine et la deltaméthrine). Outre son efficacité, la technique du "spot,on" est la mieux adaptée au contexte de l'élevage à l'attache pratiqué aux Antilles. Ce mode de traitement est 2 à 3 fois plus rapide que l'aspersion permettant, malgré le coût élevé des produits, un gain de temps, donc en personnel qui peut rendre cette méthode de détiquage compétitive, en particulier dans des perspectives d'éradication des tiques.

While foliar sprays of pyrethroid insecticides have been observed to cause resurgence of mite pests, some such as fenpropathrin, are labeled for mite control including citrus rust mite (CRM). The objective of this trial was to evaluate response of CRM populations on citrus to frequent application of two pyrethroid insecticide and one pyrethroid + abamectin premix, both used in Florida citrus, particularly for control of the Asian citrus pysllid, Diaphorina citri . The experimental block …

L'amitraz (concentre emulsifiable a 12,5 p. 100) a ete teste comme moyen de controle de Hyalomma dromedarii sur dromadaire dans un troupeau de chamelles laitieres de la peripherie de Nouakchott (Mauritanie) a la concentration de 0,025 p. 100 de matiere active. L'efficacite et la rapidite d'action sont nettes sur les tiques adultes: 95 p. 100 de reduction en moins de 8 h, tandis que les nymphes semblent plus resistantes: 50 p. 100 de reduction seulement 8 h apres traitement. La remanence de I'amitraz sur dromadaire est tres faible: moins de 24 h. De plus, le traite-ment n'a aucun effet sur la survie, la ponte et l'eclosion des oeufs des femelles qui se fixent dans les jours qui suivent la pulverisation de I'amitraz. Les causes probables de cette faible remanence sont discutees. (Resume d'auteur)

De grandes différences dans l'infestation individuelle par les adultes d'Amblyomma variegatum ont été observées chez des zébus Goudali infestés naturellement. Certains animaux (désignés comme "attractifs pour A. variegatum") portaient 10 à 16 fois plus de tiques que les bovins les moins parasités du troupeau (désignés comme "non-attractifs"). L'ordre des animaux, selon l'infestation par A. variegatum, se maintenait lors de comptages successifs de tiques. Des expériences ont été conçues afin de savoir si les animaux "non-attractifs" restent peu infestés après que les animaux "attractifs" soient retirés du troupeau. Lorsque les deux catégories de bovins ont été mises à pâturer séparément, il a été observé que les animaux "non-attractifs" portaient moins de tiques et étaient infestés plus lentement que les animaux "attractifs". Toutefois, la différence entre les deux groupes était moins grande que lorsqu'ils étaient ensemble dans un seul troupeau. La sélection d'animaux "non-attractifs", bien que ne pouvant pas être la base unique d'un programme de lutte anti-tiques, pourrait être un des composants d'une stratégie de lutte, si ce caractère est héréditaire. Une expérience en cours étudie cette question.

Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius), la tique tropicale bigarrée, est maintenant largement répartie dans les Caraïbes. Dix-huit îles sont actuellement infestées ou l'étaient récemment. Afin d'arrêter la propagation de cette tique vers d'autres îles non infestées et vers le continent d'Amérique du Sud, Centrale et du Nord, un programme régional d'éradication a été proposé et approuvé par les gouvernements de toutes les îles infestées, y compris les îles françaises et les pays membres ou membres associés de CARICOM. Au nom de ces derniers, CARICOM a demandé à l'Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO) : de développer des propositions d'éradication; d'assister les membres de CARICOM à maintenir les programmes existants de lutte contre Amblyomma ; de conseiller et assister pour la rédaction de la législation nécessaire à la réalisation d'un programme d'éradication; d'aider à identifier les fonds pour exécuter ce programme d'éradication et, si les fonds sont obtenus, de coordonner la campagne d'éradication contre la tique sur toutes les îles infestées. La répartition actuelle de cette tique et la situation concernant le programme d'éradication proposé sont examinées.

The effect of high population densities of citrus bud mite, Aceria sheldoni (Ewing), on the quantity and quality of lemon yields was studied for 4 yr in four commercial groves in coastal southern California. There were two treatments in each grove: treated plots where bud mite was suppressed with acaricide treatments whenever infestation levels increased markedly, and untreated plots where bud mite was not controlled. Average percentage of axillary buds infested with citrus bud mite was 7-15% in treated plots and 45-70% in untreated plots over the 4-yr period. Citrus bud mite feeding results in distortion of fruit shape which can result in commercial downgrading. Citrus bud mite control significantly reduced fruit distortion in all four groves and significantly improved commercial packout in three of the four groves. However, significantly less distortion in fruit was not detected in treated trees until harvests ≥10-13 mo after the initial acaricide treatment (lemons in coastal California are harvested three or four times per year). This supports the hypothesis that distortion in fruit is caused by citrus bud mite feeding on embryonic fruit tissue in the buds; once fruit set, they are unaffected by further citrus bud mite feeding. Up to 21 mo after the first acaricide treatments, the cumulative yield did not differ significantly between treated and untreated plots. In two of the four groves, in the eight harvests between 24 and 48 mo after the first acaricide treatments, the cumulative yield was often significantly greater (9-13% greater) from treated than from untreated trees. The other two groves showed no significant differences in cumulative yield between treated and untreated trees up to the time of the last harvest (28 and 49 mo after the first acaricide treatment). In two groves, economic loss justified the cost of bud mite suppression, and in two groves, the cost of suppression exceeded the economic benefit of suppression.

Bioassays were conducted to examine the residual activity of the insect growth regulator fenoxycarb, at two rates (20 and 40 ppm), against eggs and late instars of the tufted apple bud moth, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker). Both rates of fenoxycarb showed very good larvicidal activity 3-4 wk after application. Fenoxycarb had no effect on P. idaeusalis eggs. Field trials conducted over 2 yr showed that fenoxycarb provided control of P. idaeusalis equivalent to conventional insecticides, but with fewer applications. Fenoxycarb did not affect integrated mite control, but indirect evidence suggested a possible detrimental effect on immatures of Stethorus punctum (LeConte).

A reduction in house-dust-mite populations of 19-84% in beds in regular use could be achieved by heating the mattresses with electric blankets, when the beds were not being slept on. The effect of the heating treatment on the temperature and relative humidity inside the mattress is discussed. House-dust mites in the heated portions of the mattress migrated deeper inside the mattress to a depth of 3.5-5.0 cm. Evidence was also found that house-dust mites in non-heated mattresses do not only live near the surface, but that they are also present deep inside the mattress.

A macrocyclic lactone, LL-F28249 alpha, C36H52O8, was evaluated as a one- or two-injection treatment in different formulations and concentrations against cattle infested with Psoroptes ovis (Hering). One injection of 2 mg kg-1 or two injections of 1 mg kg-1 of 3% active material in either an aqueous or oil formulation failed to eliminate all of the mites. A single injection of 3 mg kg-1 as a 5% aqueous formulation eliminated all mites for 35 days post-injection. At lower dosages of the aqueous formulation (3%), the male mites appeared to be less susceptible to the acaricide than either the female or immature mites.

7 páginas, 1 figura, 1 tabla -- PAGS nros. 243-249, Laboratory experiments were conducted to establish the best combination of relative humidity (r.h.) and time of exposure to be applied on Cabrales cheeses infested with Acarus farris. Laboratory assays revealed that less than 30 h were required to obtain 90% mortality of mites at 50% and 60% r.h. Males were more susceptible than females to low relative humidity, since their lethal period values (LP) were lower than those obtained for females at the same relative humidity. Moreover, the response within sexes to low moisture treatments changed as exposure time increased, since the LP50 obtained for each sex at 50 and 60% r.h. were statistically different whereas the LP90 showed no significant differences within sexes. Accordingly, two modifications of the traditional maturing process were established to assess the efficacy of low moisture treatments to control A. farris on infested cheeses. The first modification consisted of one single exposure of 48 h at 50% r.h. and the second one consisted of two exposures of 48 h at 50% r.h. separated by a time interval of 15 days. No significant differences in final population density were observed for both low moisture treatments compared to control cheeses. Therefore, low humidity treatments are not effective to control A. farris in Cabrales cheese, despite the good results obtained in laboratory assays, The research reported in the present paper was funded by CAPSA and the MCYT (project n. PTR95.0612.OP

The last few years have seen the introduction of an unprecedented number of new classes of acaricides with novel or under-exploited modes of action, discovered by traditional screening. Acaricide research has uncovered several unrelated compounds that possess improved properties. Pyridaben, acequinocyl, diafenthiuron, etoxazole, spirodiclofen and bifenazate, in particular, are acaricides that are safe to beneficials, have low mammalian toxicity and short environmental persistence. Many of the new acaricides appear to affect mitochondrial respiration, and previously unknown targets affecting mite growth and development have been identified, offering new opportunities for mite control.