Search

Food waste (FW) is one of the main problems in the world due to the continuous increase in the global population. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of FW was an alternative and economical solution to develop an effective method to enhance biomethane (BioM) production that uses enzyme pretreatment and hydrolysis of FW by locally produced cellulase and amylase enzymes. In this study, two types of sources fungi (TNAF-1 to TNFA-3) and (TNBC-1 to TNBC-3) strains were isolated from animal feed and compost. The cellulase and amylase activities were 300U/mL & 400U/mL, respectively. Based on OFAT results obtained, optimization of three factors such as pH of 5, TS of 12.5% (V/V) and enzyme loading of 80U/mL was carried out by applying the FCCCD under the RSM to develop a second-order regression model successful improvement in the production of reducing sugar of 162mg/mL was achieved. However, biogas yield was optimum using OFAT parameters such as the biogas inoculum of 25%, pH of 7, AD digestion times of 29 days, 500mL of hydrolysate food waste and room temperature at 30°C (±2). The results show the biogas contained was found such %3 hydrogens, 57% methane and 40% carbon dioxide. The new fungi are very potential for upgrading the biogas of BioM that is non-toxic as well as biodegradable, and therefore may be encouraging to the water treatment plants in future applications.

This course-based research study explored CYC students’ thinking about the relationship between hair, self-perception, and identity. It focuses on CYC students for two reasons. First, the ability to form meaningful relationships with youth of many different cultural backgrounds and diverse lifestyles is an essential skill of CYC practitioners. Second, CYC students are encouraged to engage in discovery learning aimed at uncovering their unrecognized assumptions, cultural biases, attitudes, assumptions, stereotypes, prejudices, and privileges to ensure respect for the dignity of every person, regardless of their unique characteristics. Data was collected through online interviews and an arts-based activity. From the data analysis, the following four main themes were extracted: a) the power of hair as a symbol of beauty, b) the relationship between hair and self-esteem, c) hair oppression is real, and d) changing hair styles and life transitions. The findings of this course-based study support the existing literature on the significance of hair as a signifier of culture, identity, resistance, and social inclusion.

No abstract

Objectives: Facial nerve injury is one of the most devastating complications occurring as a result of any chemical, mechanical or ischemic insult. This study aimed to determine the surgical outcomes of limited experience in lower motor neuron facial palsy in the last decade. Materials and Methods: A Prospective case series was done at Neurosurgery Department, Prime Teaching Hospital, MTI Lady Reading Hospital, and Irfan General Hospital Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Patients were diagnosed after thorough clinical examination and radiological findings; conduction studies these as severe facial paralysis (House and Brackmann 4 – 6). Surgical treatment is done with end-to-end hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis. Outcomes and complications were documented. Entered data into specifically designed proforma. Results: Out of 13 patients, who underwent a surgical procedure, 8 were male (61.5%) and 5 patients were female (38.5%). The mean age of presentation was 46 years. Patients were labeled on House and Brackmann scale. Improvement was defined as ? 1 grade improvement on the H&B scale, after 1 year of follow-up, 11 patients improved (84.6%) while 2 (15.4%) remained static. The complication was observed as hemiatrophy of the tongue without physiological weakness. Conclusion: Hypoglossal-Facial nerve anastomosis is recommended treatment for severe facial paralysis, during the first year of insult. Keywords: Facial Nerve Paralysis, Hypoglossal-facial nerve, House & Brackmann.

Rice chalkiness is one of the most important appearance quality traits and has a great impact on its processing quality, nutritional quality, cooking, and eating quality traits. It has important theoretical significance and application value to clarify the genetic mechanism of rice chalkiness. To reveal the relationship between chalkiness of OsAAP3 mutant rice and the shape, structure and arrangement of endosperm cells and starch grains, which will lay a foundation for further research on the formation mechanism of chalkiness character of rice and the cultivation of new high-quality rice varieties. The results showed that the chalkiness, chalkiness rate, and chalkiness area of OsAAP3 mutant rice significantly increased compared with the control ZH11, and there were significant variations in the arrangement, morphology, and cross-section starch grain distribution of the endosperm cells of the mutant rice: the white heart area of the mutant increased, and the white belly almost distributed in the edge of the whole rice cross-section. The chalky part and transparent part of the OsAAP3 mutant chalky rice also have obvious variations in the shape, structure, and arrangement of starch grains, but there is no significant difference between the transparent part of the mutant chalky rice and the starch grains of the non-chalky rice. The starch grains in the endosperm center of the OsAAP3 mutant of rice are well developed, but the starch grains in the abdomen and back are loosely arranged, and the starch grains are poorly developed. Therefore, the chalkiness character of OsAAP3 mutant rice increased significantly. The chalkiness character of its mutant mainly occurred in the abdomen, and the rest occurred in the center of the endosperm of rice. Moreover, the arrangement of starch grains in OsAAP3 mutant rice was loose, the grain shape was mostly irregular polyhedrons, and the starch development was poor.

Background and Objective: The rate of use of cannabis is rapidly increasing in society. Some of its usefulness has been documented, while its effect on weight changes is still understudied. This study was carried out to evaluate the weight changes, physical changes, and histological effects of cannabis on the kidney of Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: They were divided into five groups, A, B, C, D, and E comprising five rats each. The study involved 25 growing Wistar rats with weight ranges between 250-275g and 50 growing Wistar rats for LD50, with weight ranges between 250-275g. Groups A served as the control and received only growers’ mash and distilled water, while groups B, C, D, and E received 65mg/kg body weight, 130mg/kg body weight, 162mg/kg body weight, and 194mg/kg body weight of cannabis respectively. Animal weights were measured before and after the administration of cannabis. The control rats and test animals were sacrificed after 28 days, and the kidney was harvested for histological processing. The results obtained were compared with the control using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20 with a level of significance (P

The design and development of an ultrasonic device for the measurement of ultrasonic propagation velocity in liquids based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) architecture is described. The device was implemented using a DE0-Nano-SoC Development Kit FPGA development module, a 2x16 LCD Display, a 2-channel quadrature output optical encoder with push button, two ultrasonic transducers and an external module for interfacing with the transducers containing the circuits corresponding to the transmitter, receiver and amplifier. For the development, the Altera Integrated Development Environment (IDE) software called Quartus II was used, which allows the logical design and supports different HDL hardware description languages, such as Verilog and VHLD. Although the device was calibrated to measure the acoustic velocity of water in the range of 35°C to 40°C, due to its design characteristics it is feasible to extend its application to measure acoustic velocity in different liquids, delimiting the operation intervals. The device acquires 100 readings per second, calculates the average with polynomial adjustment and displays the value of the ultrasonic propagation velocity in the fluid with a resolution of 0.01 [m/s] with a refresh rate of one second.

Introduction/Objective: Virtual Reality (VR) is the need of time in every field of life. Recent biotechnological advances have molded the surgeon-computer relationship. Department of Neurosurgery Jinnah Hospital Lahore has updated the postgraduate training program by adding the virtual reality simulator. We aim to explore the current and future roles and applications of VR and simulation in neurosurgical training that may reduce the learning curve, improve conceptual understanding and enhance visuospatial skills. Materials & Methods: Eight residents were enrolled in this program. They exercised the basic skills of neurosurgery e.g. suction, use of bipolar cautery, handling of CUSA, use of micro scissors, etc., and the automated software recorded each participant’s graph of performance separately. After 1.5 years, they were assessed in real-time on actual patients under the direct supervision of a qualified neurosurgeon. The assessment was done on DOPS (Directly Observed Procedural Skills) Performa. Results: The results showed that there was a gradual upward learning curve in simulator-based procedures from negative marking to 70% in basic surgical skills and 60% in advanced procedures on average for all the residents whereas the DOPS showed that all residents performed above expectation i.e., 4 or above. Conclusion: Neurostimulator-based postgraduate training program is opening new horizons for the safe and skillful training of residents. With the advancement of artificial intelligence, its use in training programs will lead to structured and systematic training patterns in the world of neurosurgery.

Objectives: Primary and metastatic brain tumors are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. The complex pathway to a cancer diagnosis is not human error and the achievements of better outcomes solely depend on the early diagnosis and management of symptomatic tumors. The estimated time between the first presentation to any health care professional and diagnosis is approximately 3 times longer in the UK as compared to other developed countries. Material and Methods: It was a descriptive study and included 52 patients who were admitted to the Neurosurgery department at Jinnah hospital Lahore. The required data were collected either directly from the patients or from the hospital record of discharged patients. Our study compares the time interval difference of presentation of a patient to a local care provider (Quacks, Hakeem, and spiritual healers) and Neurosurgeon as well as delay in surgical intervention even after diagnosis and radiological investigations. Results: 54% of patients presented with supratentorial lesions and out of these, parietal lobe lesions were more common (39%) while 29% of lesions were infratentorial. Around 50% of patients presented to a Local Care Provider within 20 days. However, only 42% of patients presented to a neurosurgeon after 6-9 months of the onset of symptoms. Conclusion: Public awareness is the key to timely diagnosis, proper management, and better outcomes. The availability of specialists in peripheral hospitals can bring a change in this regard.

Purpose: Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) is one of the unintended side effects of intraocular surgeries and traumas. This study aims to evaluate plasma as a noninvasive procedure for PBK diseases through drainage of painful and annoying bullae. Methods: Three eyes of three patients with no vision potential were included in this study. Plasma spots are applied on bullae to empty the fluid inside, and also to attach the top of the bullae to the bottom. We evaluated Pain scores, tearing, and burning sensations (scale of 0 to 10) before treatment and one week, one month, and six months after treatment. Results: The results showed that all the annoying bullae entirely eliminated in all patients. No complications and recurrence were observed during the operation and one week, one month, and six months after the procedure. After treatment, there was no tearing and burning sensation. All of the patients scored ten for pain before treatment and zero after treatment. There were no changes in the vision of the patients after treatment. Conclusions: Based on the results, the PANIS method can be used as a safe method for eliminating bullae which are not a good candidate for vision amelioration treatment. This method is safe, quick, office base and inexpensive, which can decrease pain in these patients.

Aims The totality of atherosclerotic plaque derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) emerges as a comprehensive measure to assess the intensity of medical treatment that patients need. This study examines the differences in age onset and prognostic significance of atherosclerotic plaque burden between sexes. Methods and results From a large multi-center CCTA registry the Leiden CCTA score was calculated in 24 950 individuals. A total of 11 678 women (58.5 ± 12.4 years) and 13 272 men (55.6 ± 12.5 years) were followed for 3.7 years for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (death or myocardial infarction). The age where the median risk score was above zero was 12 years higher in women vs. men (64–68 years vs. 52–56 years, respectively, P < 0.001). The Leiden CCTA risk score was independently associated with MACE: score 6–20: HR 2.29 (1.69–3.10); score > 20: HR 6.71 (4.36–10.32) in women, and score 6–20: HR 1.64 (1.29–2.08); score > 20: HR 2.38 (1.73–3.29) in men. The risk was significantly higher for women within the highest score group (adjusted P-interaction = 0.003). In pre-menopausal women, the risk score was equally predictive and comparable with men. In post-menopausal women, the prognostic value was higher for women [score 6–20: HR 2.21 (1.57–3.11); score > 20: HR 6.11 (3.84–9.70) in women; score 6–20: HR 1.57 (1.19–2.09); score > 20: HR 2.25 (1.58–3.22) in men], with a significant interaction for the highest risk group (adjusted P-interaction = 0.004). Conclusion Women developed coronary atherosclerosis approximately 12 years later than men. Post-menopausal women within the highest atherosclerotic burden group were at significantly higher risk for MACE than their male counterparts, which may have implications for the medical treatment intensity.

Background and objectives: Asthma is one of the common chronic diseases globally. There is paucity of data on perceived stress among patients with asthma in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the extent of perceived stress and its association with coping strategies among adults with asthma. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study in which 100 adults with asthma were consecutively recruited from the Respiratory Clinic of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. They completed a questionnaire containing demographic details, Perceived Stress Scale(PSS), Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief-COPE) Scale and Asthma Specific Coping Scale(ASCS). Results: Most of the respondents were female (56%, n = 56) with mean age of 38.8 (±16.5), and FEV1% predicted was 78.9%±24.5. Sixty-three (63%) participants had high levels of perceived stress. Patients with asthma who had high perceived stress were significantly younger than those with low perceived stress (χ2 = 2.66; p=0.01). The mean scores of coping strategies for asthma patients with high stress level was generally higher compared with those with low stress level, and was significantly higher in the adaptive coping strategy (t=-3.36; p=0.01) and its subscales. For asthma specific coping scale, there was significant difference between those with high perceived stress and low perceived stress in the positive appraisal (t=-2.95, p=0.004) and ignoring asthma (t=-2.09, p=0.040) subscales. Conclusion: The level of perceived stress is high among Nigerian patients with asthma. This study showed that the more stressed they are, the more they are likely to use coping strategies. Authors A O Arawomo 1, J O Erhabor 2, A Akinsulore 3, O F Awopeju 1 4, A O Ajayi 1, G E Erhabor 1 4

Anterolateral thigh flap (ALT flap) is first found and used by Song in 1984. Classified in the perforator type flaps, ALT flaps is blood supplied by the perforators of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex thigh artery. The flap is the first of choice in many cases, those need a large soft tissue for reconstruction, especially in the cervico facial area thanks to many advantages of the flap: constants and relievable anatomic structure, large blood supply, flexible in use as well as other advantages. From 9.2016 to 10. 2020, 26 ALT flaps are dissected in fresh and Formalin cavades of mature Viet people for the anatomic research and 34 ALT flaps used for patients with soft tissue defects in cervicofacial area. The outcome is considerable with the main following conclusions: - ALT flap is constant and reliable in anatomy. - The flap is harvested relatively easy in clinical practice. - The use of the ALT flap is flexible with good result in reconstruction of soft tissue defects in cervico facial area.

L’esitazione vaccinale è definita come ritardo nell’adesione o come rifiuto della vaccinazione, nonostante la disponibilità di servizi vaccinali. In accordo con le linee guida del Piano Nazionale di Prevenzione Vaccinale 2017-2019 i pazienti con infezione da HIV hanno l’indicazione di eseguire le vaccinazioni opportune per i soggetti potenzialmente fragili dal punto di vista immunologico.Nel nostro centro è stato costituito un gruppo multidisciplinare composto da medico infettivologo, medico specialista in igiene e medicina preventiva, psicologo e farmacista, con l’obiettivo di monitorare l’aderenza alla prescrizione vaccinale nella nostra popolazione e di costruire interventi di promozione della vaccinazione e di riduzione dell’esitazione vaccinale.Si è quindi deciso di individuare i pazienti che non si sono sottoposti alle vaccinazioni prescritte per indagare le motivazioni della loro esitazione vaccinale e per costruire strategie specifiche per ridurla.Sono stati individuati 87 pazienti esitanti, di cui 37 sono già stati intervistati. Sono stati indagati i motivi della esitazione ed è stata proposta la possibilità di effettuare le vaccinazioni presso il nostro centro. Le cause citate più frequentemente sono state la mancanza di tempo e la difficoltà di prenotazione, la preoccupazione per le conseguenze sul sistema immunitario delle somministrazioni simultanee di più vaccini e la privacy. La fiducia nell’intera équipe di cura e l’approccio personalizzato sono risultati fattori fondamentali per il superamento dell’esitazione vaccinale. L’osservazione nel tempo ci consentirà di capire se il nostro intervento porterà risultati solidi in termini di aumento effettivo delle vaccinazioni nei pazienti esitanti.

Nella nostra serie di casi di infezione da virus Mpox, tre pazienti erano persone con infezione da HIV, già nota in due casi, di nuova diagnosi in uno. I dati della letteratura scientifica indicano che Mpox conduce a malattia grave, e anche morte, nelle persone con infezione da HIV in stadio avanzato. La vaccinazione per il Mpox dovrebbe essere offerta a tutte le persone con infezione da HIV.

Negli ultimi decenni, l’incidenza di casi AIDS-presenter è calata drasticamente grazie alla diffusione della terapia antiretrovirale e al suo utilizzo sempre più precoce. Fra le patologie opportunistiche associate all’AIDS, l’infezione disseminata da micobatteri non tubercolari rappresenta una grave complicanza.La presentazione clinica aspecifica, così come il difficile work-up diagnostico, possono ritardarne il riconoscimento e il successivo avvio della terapia. Ad oggi, nonostante efficaci terapie anti-micobatteriche, il fattore determinante per il successo della terapia è rappresentato dall’immuno-ricostituzione conseguente alla introduzione di una terapia antiretrovirale efficace.Il caso qui descritto rappresenta un esempio di infezione di difficile trattamento con coinvolgimento midollare, esordito come sospetta patologica ematologica.

Marketing Social é o uso das ferramentas do Mix de Marketing para trazer mudanças positivas para a sociedade, numa causa sem fins lucrativos. Ele é comumente utilizado por governos em estratégias como campanhas antitabagistas, contra a direção alcoolizada e combate a doenças. A Lei Maria da Penha e a Campanha Ligue 180 são exemplos de campanhas de marketing social voltadas ao empoderamento feminino. Este trabalho buscou avaliar os resultados destas campanhas nas vidas de duas gerações de mulheres. Divididas em dois grupos etários e entrevistadas, pôde-se entender o que estas mulheres entendem empoderamento como liberdade de expressão e tratamento igualitário; que não acreditam na efetividade das leis de proteção à mulher; e que, apesar de não acabarem com o problema, ao menos as campanhas ajudam a conscientizar a mulher em estado de risco sobre como pedir auxílio. Devido à metodologia e caráter homogêneo da amostra, este estudo não pode ser generalizado. Palavras-chave: Empoderamento. Mulher. Violência. Abstract Social Marketing is the use of Marketing Mix tools in order to bring positive change to society, with no lucrative goals. It is most commonly used by governments in strategies such as anti-smoking campaigns, anti-drunk driving and for fighting diseases. The Maria da Penha Law and the Ligue 180 Campaign are examples of social marketing campaigns aimed towards empowering women. This paper sought to measure the results of these campaigns in the lives of two generations of women. They were divided by age and interviewed, allowing us to understand that they saw empowerment as freedom of speech and egalitarian treatment; that the laws don’t protect women as they should; and, even though the campaigns don’t solve the problems, at least they bring awareness to abused women that they can seek help. Due to the methodology and homogeneity of the sample used, this study cannot be generalized. Keywords: Empowerment. Woman. Violence.

A violência de gênero tem perdurado há anos gerando a necessidade de discutir os fatores desencadeadores e comuns nesse cenário, como, a relação de poder e a relação íntima com o agressor. Nesse sentido, levando em consideração o contexto atual, o presente estudo objetivou apresentar as discussões de um grupo de estudo a respeito da relação da pandemia e aumento do índice de violência de gênero. Foram levantadas algumas categorias para discutir o assunto, sendo: As faces da violência baseada no gênero; Isolamento social e violência de gênero; Estratégias para constatação e diminuição dos casos de violência. É perceptível que o fenômeno da violência sempre existiu, porém, devido a alguns fatores do isolamento o deixou mais aparente e discutível. Paravras-chave: Violência de Gênero. Pandemia Covid 19.Relação de poder. Abstract Gender-based violence has persisted for years, generating the need to discuss the triggering and common factors in this scenario, such as the power relationship and the intimate relationship with the aggressor. In this sense, taking into account the current context, the present study aimed to present the discussions of a study group regarding the relationship of the pandemic and the in crease in the rate of gender violence. Some categories were raised to discuss the subject being: The faces of gender-based violence; Social isolation and gender violence; Strategies for finding and reducing cases of violence. It is notice able that the phenomenon of violence has always existed, but due to some isolation factors it has become more apparent and debatable. Keywords: Gender Violence. Pandemic Covid 19. The Power Relationship.