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Objective Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death in the global population, with a high disability and mortality rate. Lack of regenerative ability is considered to be the fundamental cause. This study aims to determine the effect of Shh pathway, which mediates regenerative signaling in response to CNS injury, on myelin repair and Olig1 expression in focal ischemic lesions in the rat. Methods A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established using the intraluminal suture method where the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was restricted for 120 min. Cyclopamine, a specific inhibitor of Shh, or saline was administered 12 h after MCAO surgery and lasted for 7 days. After MCA occlusion, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to cyclopamine- or saline-treated groups. A group of no-injection animals after MCAO were used as controls. The Shh signaling pathway, myelinogenesis-related factor MBP and Olig1 were testedby immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR assay. Results The levels of Shh and its component Gli1 were elevated from 1 d up to 14 d following ischemia, indicating that the Shh-Gli1 axis was broadly reactivated. Treatment with cyclopamine can partially block the Shh signaling pathway, prevent myelin repair, and decrease the Olig1 expression following ischemic stroke. Conclusion That blockade of Shh signaling concurrently with the creation of a lesion aggravated ischemic myelin damage, probably via its downstream effects on Olig1 transcription. Shh plays a contributory role during regeneration in the CNS, thereby providing promising new therapeutic strategies to assist in recovery from ischemic stroke.

Background Recent studies have suggested that cerebral ischemic infarction may contribute to the development of restless legs syndrome (RLS). This study analyzed the clinical and radiological profiles of RLS with onset after acute lacunar infarction. Methods In this retrospective study we enrolled 244 consecutive patients with acute lacunar infarction between January 2012 and June 2014. RLS was identified and evaluated based on the International RLS Rating Scale (IRLS-RS). Individual sleep quality was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Psychological state was also assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS). Results The incidence of RLS in patients with lacunar infarction was 5.33%. Our participant group consisted of nine males and four females. Three patients had symptoms in bilateral limbs, and 10 patients had symptoms only contralateral to the cerebral infarction. The infarctions were localized to the pons, centrum semiovale, thalamus, putamen, medulla, and occipital lobe. Contralateral paralysis was found in 13 patients, and contralateral sensory deficit in seven patients. The average IRLS-RS, ESS, HDS, HAS scores were 19.07 ± 8.70, 4.69 ± 5.82, 4.38 ± 4.68, and 3.85 ± 4.76, respectively. Nine patients had diabetes mellitus. After administration of dopaminergic drugs, patients’ RLS significantly improved. Conclusions The incidence of RLS after acute lacunar infarction was 5.33%. Pons, centrum semiovale, and basal ganglia were the common locations of responsible lesions. Compared to idiopathic RLS, symptoms of RLS after acute lacunar infarction appeared more unilateral and more likely involved the arm. Moreover, diabetes mellitus may be a risk factor for RLS in stroke patients.

Objective To identify risk factors for preoperative respiratory complications associated with tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration (TFBA) by retrospectively analysing paediatric cases presenting with or without complications. Methods Paediatric patients who presented with TFBA and were admitted to hospital were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups based on occurrence of preoperative respiratory complications as confirmed by computed tomography. Age, sex, TFBA symptoms, type of foreign body, retention timeand location of the foreign body were documented and compared between the groups. Results In total, 223 children were included: group A ( n = 161) included those with respiratory complications; group B ( n = 62) included those without respiratory complications. Univariate and multivariate analyses found that type of foreign body, and symptoms differed significantly between the two groups. Conclusion Respiratory complications of TFBA in children were correlated with the type of foreign body and symptoms.

Introduction: Internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) causes high annual rates of mortality and morbidity. It has been established that atherosclerosis is the normal cause of ICAO. As the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis may involve blood lipids, inflammatory factors and other biomarkers, the aim of this study was to assess the changes in these biomarkers and investigate the relationship between these biomarkers and the development of ICAO in stroke patients. Material and methods: A total of 89 ischaemic stroke inpatients with ICAO (ICAO group) and 89 without ICAO (control group) were studied, retrospectively. The serum was collected from each patient on the 3 rd day of admission, to measure the lipid parameters and biomarkers, e.g. high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and lactic acid (LA). Histories were taken including age, gender, smoking history, and disease history. Additional analysis was carried out to compare between the genders and evaluate the association between certain biomarkers and ICAO. Results: Among the 89 ICAO cases in this study, the serum levels of hs-CRP, ESR and LA were significantly higher than those in the control group (p ≤ 0.001). No significant differences were found in the mean levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol or glucose, or the known risk factors. Gender also had no influence on these biomarkers. Logistic regression analysis indicated that hs-CRP, ESR and LA were significantly associated with ICAO (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that hs-CRP, ESR and LA are associated with ICAO in ischaemic stroke patients, but gender has no effect. Therefore, Hs-CRP, ESR and LA may be useful in the early detection of patients with ICAO.

Objective A retrospective case–control study to identify stroke-associated risk factors and quantify serum C-reactive protein in patients with ischaemic stroke, with or without intracranial and/or extracranial artery occlusion (IEAO). Methods Patients with ischaemic stroke and internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO), middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), ICAO + MCAO, or no IEAO (control patients) were retrospectively recruited. Data regarding stroke-associated risk factors were retrieved from medical records. High sensitivity (hs)-CRP was quantified within 3 days of hospital admission. Results Patients with ICAO ( n = 89), MCAO ( n = 74) and ICAO + MCAO ( n = 29) had significantly higher serum hs-CRP concentrations, and were significantly more likely to have coronary heart disease, a history of stroke, and more than three stroke-associated risk factors than control patients ( n = 84). Conclusions Coronary heart disease and a history of stroke are risk factors for ischaemic stroke with IEAO. Hs-CRP may be used as a marker for IEAO.

The article takes Shanxi Lu’an Group Yuxin Coal Mines as an example, establishing a model to simulate the impact of groundwater processes in different time periods Yuxin mining process through MODFLOW software. And evaluates the predictive region groundwater level and groundwater environment changing trends run of mine production.Model fit with satisfactory results. Due to there's watershed area in groundwater exploitation and the groundwater flow along the limestone layer excretion which is in the valley around, the groundwater has three flow directions in the Mining area and the flow field is very complex.Obviously,it is more difficult to understand the mining impact on groundwater exploit ation process. The article combines theoretical study with practical investigation. According to the simulation results of Yuxin Coal Mines, showing more clearly the impact of coal mining under complex boundary conditions on groundwater. Provide for the study of the impact of post-mining groundwater reference, while providing the basis for the supervision and management of local government departments and post Yuxin coal mining operation, and also provide a favorable basis for the protection of drinking water for local residents.

This paper analyses the impact of unexpected diesel tank leak in the non-normal conditions on groundwater, on the basis of a detailed analysis of hydrogeological conditions of a power plant, using the analytical method of solute transport in groundwater,combining with the DTM module of MapGIS spatial analysis. The results show that if leakage of diesel tank lasts 5 years, the maximum influence range of pollution halo is 0.204 km2 and the farthest impact distance is 660m.

Objectives Patients who present with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and acute transverse myelitis (ATM), either simultaneously or consecutively, are defined as having GBS/ATM overlap syndrome. As this syndrome has been underinvestigated, we performed a literature review to evaluate case reports of GBS/ATM overlap syndrome to facilitate its early diagnosis. Patients and methods We searched four scientific literature databases (PUBMED, EMBASE, ELSEVIER and WEB OF SCIENCE) for cases that presented as GBS/ATM overlap syndrome. Eighteen articles that described 23 cases were included, and the clinical and prognostic data were analyzed. Results Initially, only five (29.4%) patients were diagnosed with GBS/ATM overlap syndrome. Patients with GBS/ATM overlap syndrome presented as four clinical features. First, some of the patients displayed abnormal pyramidal signs, including 29.4% of patients who had positive pyramidal signs or a negative plantar reflex and 17.6% of patients who had signs of areflexia or hyporeflexia combined with positive pyramidal signs. Second, patients suffered pain and respiratory failure at a high rate (43.5% with pain at the onset of the disease, 43.5% with ventilator support, and 47.8% shown with respiratory failure). Third, patients had a partial clinical recovery of immunomodulators, 56.5% of patients had a favorable outcome, 46.2% of patients who received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) combined steroids responded well to the treatment. Four, acute axonal polyneuropathy seemed to be associated with poor outcomes (odds ratio = 3.00, 95% CI = 1.35–6.68, P = 0.01). Abnormalities in spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were detected in all patients, and the most frequently involved segments were the cervical cord (69.6%) and the thoracic cord (69.6%). In addition to spinal cord lesions, in three patients lesions in the medulla and cerebral hemisphere were also observed. The most common prescriptions included a high dose of methylprednisolone at 1 g/day for 3–5 days that was followed by a 6-week course of oral prednisone and IVIG at 0.4 g/kg/day for 5 days. Conclusion While it is difficult to make an early diagnosis of GBS/ATM overlap syndrome, electrophysiology is helpful in the diagnosis of GBS and spinal cord MRIs are key to identifying ATM. Brain MRIs are also recommended to detect subclinical lesions. The combined use of IVIG and steroids was the most frequent treatment. However, less than half of the patients responded positively to treatment. Acute axonal neuropathy may be a risk factor for a poor prognosis.

It is a key issue to distribute the total transmission power among different data streams leading to larger channel capacity or lower bit error rate at the base station in MU-MIMO system. Based on MU-MIMO system model applying block diagonalization precoding (BDP) this paper presented four kinds of water-filling power distribution schemes which had been simulated for random scheduling and multiuser scheduling. The simulation results showed that respective water-filling power distribution owned maximum channel capacity and united water-filling power distribution resulted in the lowest bit error rate (BER).

In MU-MIMO system when a base station sometimes has not enough resources to satisfy the service application from each user, we should arrange to communicate selectively for a certain number of users according to some appropriate method, i.e. multiuser scheduling. Given necessary channel state information this paper investigated the relationship between the norm of channel matrix and channel quality and studied multiuser scheduling algorithm typically based on the Frobenius-norm of channel matrix which was simulated respectively for equal power distribution and water-filling power distribution in MU-MIMO system model. The simulation result showed that at the same transmitted signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) such scheduling algorithm could be able to lower the bit error rate (BER) effectively and improve the receive capability in comparison to random scheduling.

This paper aims to improve the control performance of series HEV, and mainly conducts the study of the basic components of the control systems bidirectional DC/DC converter and motor drive circuit--the buck chopper and boost chopper. Also, this paper constructs a hardware platform and designs the fuzzy self-tuning PI controller. Through the comparative experiments of PI control and fuzzy PI control, it has been verified that the fuzzy PI controller has better control effect.

Background/PurposeIt has been shown that the abnormality in immune cells in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients is closely associated with the participation of TGF-β. In order to study the relationship between TGF-β1 and CFS, we investigated the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with CFS.MethodsFluorescent quantitative real time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (FQ-RT-PCR) was performed to test TGF-β1 mRNA expression in PBMCs in 63 cases of CFS, 50 cases of disease controls, and 50 cases of healthy controls.ResultsThe mean value of TGF-β1 mRNA expression in CFS patients was ΔΔCt=1.17±0.58, which was significantly higher than the disease controls (ΔΔCt=0.07±1.08, df=111, p 0.05).ConclusionThe expression of TGF-β1 in PBMCs is significantly elevated in patients with CFS. It might be correlated to the pathogenesis of the disease.

We simulate the rock’s movement and defoemation process in the coal mining, and research the overlying strata movement and deformation under the conditions of shortwall and longwall mining. The conclusion of the experiment indicates: with the method of double deck mining, the rock’s damage level in caving layer is more serious, the final subsidence curve presents a tooth geometry. The subsidence curve of fissure and flexure zone is simily with the longwall mining condition.

Miller Fisher's syndrome (MFS) commonly presents in the fourth and fifth decades and are rare in people over 70 years. An 85-year-old female with no significant medical history presented with upper extremity anesthesia, ptosis, and unsteady gait. The patient had a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Physical examination showed bilateral total external ophthalmoplegia, areflexia, and cerebellar ataxia. Radiological and laboratory studies were unremarkable. Lumbar puncture showed albuminocytological dissociation. The combined history, physical examination, and lumbar puncture results established a presumptive diagnosis of MFS. Intravenous immunoglobulin was given for 5 days. The patient gradually improved 10 days after the onset of symptoms. Ophthalmoplegia had fully recovered after 6 months. To the best of our knowledge, this case represented the oldest patient with MFS.