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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to extract nano-exosomes from Aloe vera bark callus and validate their effects on collagen synthesis and skin corneous improvement.Methods: Human dermal fibroblast (HDF) was used to validate collagen synthesis, while HaCaT cells, a human keratin cell line, were used to verify absorption capability. The Folin–Denis technique was used to determine the polyphenol content. In addition, lotion formulations and skin application experiments were also carried out.Results: Nano-exosomes with size ranging 50–150 nm were successfully isolated from Aloe vera bark callus (alosomes). Alosomes produced 22.11% more collagen in HDF than Aloe vera bark extract at 1.0% concentration. In the cytotoxicity test, 80% of cells were survived at concentrations of 1% or less. After one hour, a considerable quantity was transported into the cytoplasm of HaCaT cells. The polyphenol concentration was four times that of Aloe vera bark extract. Skin tests using alosome-containing lotion demonstrated that skin surface, hydration, and elasticity were improved after 4 weeks. Moisture contents of the stratum corneum and dermis layer were improved, whereas moisture content of corneous was reduced after 4 weeks.Conclusion: The skin-improving effect of nano-exosomes derived from Aloe vera bark callus is shown in this study, indicating its potential as a functional cosmetic raw material.

Purpose: In this study, the cytotoxicity and antioxidant effects of Aloe arborescens oil isolated from supercritical fluid extraction were confirmed, and an aloe oil cream was manufactured to evaluate the skin wrinkle improvement effect. Thus, we provided scientific evidence for functional cosmetic ingredients.Methods: Aloe oil was extracted from Jeju Aloe arborescens using a supercritical fluid extraction method. Aloe oil chromaticity and fatty acid analysis were determined. MTT assay and DPPH radical scavenging activity were used to assess the cell viability and antioxidant effect of NIH-3T3, HaCaT, and B16F10 cells. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of an aloe-containing cream on skin wrinkle improvement on 22 adult women 40–60 years of age.Results: Aloe oil extracted from Aloe arborescens using supercritical fluid extraction contained 0.02 g of fatty acid per 100 g, which included behenic, palmitic, α-linolenic, oleic, linoleic, and elaidic acids. The L value was 12.46±2.15, the a value was 3.73±0.26, the b value was 10.35±0.51, and the ΔE was 81.4 as a result of chromaticity. The cell viability of NIH-3T3, HaCaT, and B16F10 cells showed low cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Aloe oil outperformed aloe supercritical extract in terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity. According to the results of a skin wrinkle improvement efficacy test, a cream containing aloe oil has a significantly high skin wrinkle improvement effect.Conclusion: We discovered that aloe oil isolated from supercritical fluid extraction has a strong antioxidant effect and significantly improves skin wrinkles.

Purpose: This study aims to establish the appropriate conditions for induction and proliferation of callus from the flower stalk of Calanthe discolor Lindl. (CFS) and to analyze the antioxidant properties as well as the skin irritation level of its extracts.Methods: Murashige & Skoog medium was used to induce the callus from CFS with NB0 (α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 0 mg/L, benzyl adenine (BA) 0 mg/L), NB1 (NAA 0.2 mg/L, BA 0.1 mg/L), NB5 (NAA 0.2 mg/L, BA 0.5 mg/L), and NB10 (0.2 mg/L, BA 1.0 mg/L) as plant growth regulators (PGR). The callus powder was extracted by ultrasonic treatment, and the total phenolic contents (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and human skin irritation test using callus extracts were performed.Results: As a result of callus induction from CFS with PGR, NB5 showed the highest growth rate of callus with a weight of 4.2±0.3 g. The TPC of the callus extracts NB0, NB1, NB5, and NB10 were 33.71±0.27, 37.59±0.51, 46.26±0.18, and 55.92±0.33 mg GAE/g, respectively. NB10 showed the highest value of DPPH radical scavenging activity than that of NB0, NB1, NB5, and NB10, in various concentrations. CFS callus extract showed very low human skin irritation compared to that of the control group, 10% SLS.Conclusion: The optimal PGR condition for induction of CFS callus was established as NB10. CFS callus extracts can be used as functional materials for cosmetics as it has significant antioxidant activity and low skin irritation value.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a novel composition of multifunctional sunblock (NCMFS) by combining extracts from Eisenia bicyclis (E. bicyclis ) and Aloe vera (A. vera ) with a mixture of micron- and nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) powders, which are MP-100 and MPT-136, respectively, characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-blocking properties. Methods: The mixed compound was prepared by combining micron-TiO2 and nano-TiO2 particles. The NCMFS was prepared by combining E. bicyclis and A. vera extracts with the mixed compound. The physicochemical properties (particle shape and size) of the mixed compound and UV, infrared (IR), and thermal blocking efficiency of each compound were analyzed. Results: Analysis of the physicochemical properties of the mixed compounds showed that the optimum ratio of mixing MP-100 and MPT-136 was 2.5:7.5. Measurement of sun protection factor (SPF) and protection grade of UV-A (PA) values of A. vera , E. bicyclis , and mixed extracts and NCMFS showed that the NCMFS mixture had the highest values, which were 34.35±0.36 and 34.87±0.36, respectively. Similarly, upon measuring the SPF and PA values, the highest values, 34.39±0.41 and 34.37±0.52, respectively, were measured for NCMFS and compared to the values of each single compound or the mixed compound. In addition, it was found NCMFS has excellent antifine dust adhesion rate and water-resistant properties. Conclusion: Therefore, our results suggested that the NCMFS consisting of the mixture of TiO2 and E. bicyclis and A. vera extracts has not only UV, IR, and thermal-blocking activity but also antidust protectant and water-resistance properties.