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Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are thought to play roles in the insect olfactory system by binding and carrying hydrophobic odorants across the aqueous sensillar lymph. The band-winged grasshopper, Oedaleus asiaticus Bei-Bienko, is one of the most important grasshopper pests in northern China, but there is little information about its olfactory system. In order to investigate the olfactory functions of CSPs in this pest, three CSP genes (OasiCSP4, OasiCSP11 and OasiCSP12) were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the binding affinities of the three recombinant CSP proteins were measured for 16 volatiles from the host plant (Stipa krylovii), fecal material and body of live adult O. asiaticus using fluorescence competitive binding assays. To further verify their olfactory functions, RNA interference (RNAi) and electrophysiological recording were conducted. The three recombinant proteins displayed different degrees of binding to various volatiles in ligand-binding assays, with OasiCSP12 having higher binding affinities for more volatiles than OasiCSP4 and OasiCSP11. OasiCSP12 exhibited strong binding affinities (Ki

Breast ultrasound and mammography were used in the detection of residual tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between clinical and pathological responses with breast density and IHC marker conversion to understand how this information might be used in the future to direct treatment. We included 119 patients who underwent CNB and followed NACT. The breast density assessment was based on the mammography examination performed at the time of diagnosis. We evaluated the clinical and pathological responses to NACT by the UICC and Miller–Payne grading systems, respectively. Of 119 patients who met the inclusion criteria, patients with high pre-treatment IHC markers levels showed higher expression of IHC markers regardless of the post-treatment IHC marker level at baseline. However, breast and node tumor sizes before and after NACT were negatively correlated with hormone receptor conversion and positively correlated with Ki-67 conversion (P

Although >80 psoriasis genetic risk loci have been reported through genome-wide association studies (GWASs), the genetic mechanism of psoriasis remains unclear. To identify novel candidate genes associated with psoriasis and reveal the potential effects of genetic factors in the development of psoriasis, we conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) based on summary statistics from GWAS of psoriasis (5175 cases and 447 089 controls) and gene expression levels from six tissues datasets (blood and skin). We identified 11 conditionally independent genes for psoriasis after Bonferroni corrections, such as the most significant genes UBLCP1 (PYFS = 2.98 × 10−16) and LCE3C (PSNSE = 9.72 × 10−12, PSSE = 6.24 × 10−12). The omnibus test identified additional five genes associated with psoriasis via the joint association model from multiple reference tissues. Among the 16 identified genes, 5 genes (CTSW, E1F1AD, KLRC3, FIBP and EFEMP2) were regarded as novel genes for psoriasis. We evaluated the 16 candidate genes by querying public databases and identified 11 differentially expressed genes and 8 genes proved by the knockout mice models. Through GO enrichment analyses, we found that TWAS genes were enriched in the known GO terms associated with skin development, such as cornified envelope (P = 4.80 × 10−8) and peptide cross-linking (P = 1.50 × 10−7). Taken together, our results detected multiple novel candidate genes for psoriasis, providing clues for understanding the genetic mechanism of psoriasis.

Background: Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is the main rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the production of sphingosine 1-phosophate (S1P) from sphingosine (Sph). It has a certain role in the protection of nerve damage. However, the role of acrylamide (ACR) in nerve damage is currently unclear. Methods: In our current research, liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to detect S1P content in serum and SphK1 content in whole blood in the ACR contact and non-contact groups. In vitro experiments, SphK1 in human neuroblastoma cell (SH-SY5Y) was activated by adding SphK1 specific activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Our research adopted cell viability assay, flow cytometry, western blot, RT-qPCR and related protein detection at mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway. The results of the population study showed that the contents of SphK1 and S1P in the ACR contact group were lower than those in the non-contact group. Results: The results of in vitro experiments showed that the expression of SphK1 decreased with the increase of ACR concentration. Activating SphK1 can improve the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells and decrease the apoptosis rate. Activating SphK1 in SH-SY5Y cells can regulate MAPK signaling, including enhancing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK) and inhibiting the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38. Conclusion: These results suggest that activating SphK1 can protect the nerve cell damage caused by ACR. This study will provide new ideas for the prevention of neurological damage caused by ACR.

More than 90% of autoimmune-associated variants are located in noncoding regions, leading to challenges in deciphering the underlying causal roles of functional variants and genes and biological mechanisms. Therefore, to reduce the gap between traditional genetic findings and mechanistic understanding of disease etiologies and clinical drug development, it is important to translate systematically the regulatory mechanisms underlying noncoding variants. Here, we prioritized functional noncoding SNPs with regulatory gene targets associated with 19 autoimmune diseases by incorporating hundreds of immune cell–specific multiomics data. The prioritized SNPs are associated with transcription factor (TF) binding, histone modification, or chromatin accessibility, indicating their allele-specific regulatory roles. Their target genes are significantly enriched in immunologically related pathways and other known immunologically related functions. We found that 90.1% of target genes are regulated by distal SNPs involving several TFs (e.g., the DNA-binding protein CCCTC-binding factor [CTCF]), suggesting the importance of long-range chromatin interaction in autoimmune diseases. Moreover, we predicted potential drug targets for autoimmune diseases, including 2 genes (NFKB1 and SH2B3) with known drug indications on other diseases, highlighting their potential drug repurposing opportunities. Taken together, these findings may provide useful information for future experimental follow-up and drug applications on autoimmune diseases., This systematic analysis provides insights into noncoding susceptibility SNPs associated with 19 autoimmune diseases across multiple regulatory levels, including SNP functionality, gene targets, regulatory mechanisms underlying SNPs, and gene function.

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) play a fundamental role in insect olfaction. In recent years,Galeruca daurica(Joannis) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) has become one of the most important insect pests in the Inner Mongolian grasslands of China. This pest only feeds on the species ofAlliumplants, implying the central role of olfaction in its search for specific host plants. However, the olfaction-related proteins have not been investigated in this beetle. In this study, we identified 29 putative OBP genes, namely GdauOBP1–29, from the transcriptome database ofG. dauricaassembled in our laboratory by using RNA-Seq. All 29 genes had the full-length open reading frames except GdauOBP29, encoding proteins in length from 119 to 202 amino acids with their predicted molecular weights from 12 to 22 kDa with isoelectric points from 3.88 to 8.84. Predicted signal peptides consisting of 15–22 amino acid residues were found in all except GdauOBP6, GdauOBP13 and GdauOBP29. The amino acid sequence identity between the 29 OBPs ranged 8.33–71.83%. GdauOBP1–12 belongs to the Classic OBPs, while the others belong with the Minus-C OBPs. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that GdauOBPs are the closest to CbowOBPs fromColaphellus bowringi. RT-PCR and qRT-PCR analyses showed that all GdauOBPs were expressed in adult antennae, 11 of which with significant differences in their expression levels between males and females. Most GdauOBPs were also expressed in adult heads (without antennae), thoraxes, abdomens, legs and wings. Moreover, the expression levels of the GdauOBPs varied during the different development stages ofG. dauricawith most GdauOBPs expressed highly in the adult antennae but scarcely in eggs and pupae. These results provide insights for further research on the molecular mechanisms of chemical communications inG. daurica.

Galeruca daurica (Joannis) has become a new insect pest in the Inner Mongolia grasslands since 2009, and its larvae and eggs have strong cold tolerance. To get a deeper insight into its molecular mechanisms of cold stress responses, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly for G. daurica by RNA-Seq and compared the transcriptomes of its larvae exposed to five different temperature treatments (−10, −5, 0, 5, and 25°C for 1 h and then recovered at 25°C for 1 h), respectively. Compared with the control (25°C), the numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) decreased from 1,821 to 882, with the temperature declining from 5 to −10°C. Moreover, we obtained 323 coregulated DEGs under different low temperatures. Under four low temperatures (−10, −5, 0, and 5°C), a large number of genes were commonly upregulated during recovery from cold stresses, including those related to cuticle protein, followed by cytochrome P450, clock protein, fatty acid synthase, and fatty acyl-CoA reductase; meanwhile, lots of genes encoding cuticle protein, RNA replication protein, RNA-directed DNA polymerase, and glucose dehydrogenase were commonly downregulated. Our findings provide important clues for further investigations of key genes and molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptation of G. daurica to harsh environments.

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) has been used extensively to analyze gene expression and decipher gene function. To obtain the optimal and stable normalization factors for qRT-PCR, selection and validation of reference genes should be conducted in diverse conditions. In insects, more and more studies confirmed the necessity and importance of reference gene selection. In this study, eight traditionally used reference genes in Galeruca daurica (Joannis) were assessed, using qRT-PCR, for suitability as normalization genes under different experimental conditions using four statistical programs: geNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper and the comparative ΔCt method. The genes were ranked from the most stable to the least stable using RefFinder. The optimal suite of recommended reference genes was as follows: succinate dehydrogenase (SDHA) and tubulin-alpha (TUB-α) for temperature-treated larvae; ribosomal protein L32, SDHA and glutathione S-transferase were best for all developmental stages; ACT and TUB-α for male and female adults; SDHA and TUB-α were relatively stable and expressed in different tissues, both diapause and non-diapause adults. Reference gene evaluation was validated using expression of two target genes: the P450 CYP6 gene and the heat shock protein gene Hsp70. These results confirm the importance of custom reference gene selection when studies are conducted under diverse experimental conditions. A standardized qRT-PCR analysis procedure for gene functional studies is provided that could be useful in studies on other insect species.

Lygus pratensis is a phytophagous pest responsible for yield losses in Bt alfalfa and other economic crops in Northwestern China. To better characterize Miridae at the genomic level, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of L. pratensis was sequenced and analyzed in this study. The mt genome was amplified via the polymerase chain reaction to generate overlapping fragments. These fragments were then sequenced, spliced, and analyzed to include the examination of nucleotide composition, codon usage, compositional biases, protein-coding genes (PCGs), and RNA secondary structures. Phylogenetic relationships between L. pratensis and other species in different Heteroptera families were also examined. The mt genome was found to be a typical circular genome with a length of 16,591 bp and a total AT content of 75.1%, encoded for 13 PCGs, 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (lrRNA and srRNA), and a noncoding control region. The nucleotide composition of the entire mt genome was heavily biased toward A and T. All of the tRNAs were predicted to have classic clover leaf structures, but three of the tRNAs (tRNAAsn, tRNAHis, tRNAHis) were missing the TΨC loop. The control region (2,017 bp), which was found to be located between 12S and tRNAIle, contained three tandem repeat elements. Phylogenetic analyses showed that L. pratensis is closely related to the other three examined Lygus bugs, and that it is a sister group to Apolygus and Adelphocoris. This study confirms the usability of the mt genome in phylogenesis studies pertaining to the Lygus genus, within Miridae.

Galeruca daurica (Joannis) is a new outbreak pest in the Inner Mongolia grasslands in northern China. Heat shock protein 10 and 60 (Hsp10 and Hsp60) genes of G. daurica, designated as GdHsp10 and GdHsp60, were cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends techniques. Sequence analysis showed that GdHsp10 and GdHsp60 encoded polypeptides of 104 and 573 amino acids, respectively. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis clearly revealed that the amino acids of GdHsp10 and GdHsp60 had high homology and were clustered with other Hsp10 and Hsp60 genes in insects which are highly relative with G. daurica based on morphologic taxonomy. The mRNA expression analysis by real-time PCR revealed that GdHsp10 and GdHsp60 were expressed at all development stages and in all tissues examined, but expressed highest in eggs and in adults’ abdomen; both heat and cold stresses could induce mRNA expression of GdHsp10 and GdHsp60 in the 2nd instar larvae; the two Hsp genes were expressed from high to low with the extension of treatment time in G. daurica eggs exposed to freezing point. Overall, our study provides useful information to understand temperature stress responses of Hsp60 and Hsp10 in G. daurica, and provides a basis to further study functions of Hsp60/Hsp10 relative to thermotolerance and cold hardiness mechanism.

Dibromoacetic acid (DBA), a haloacetic acid by-product of disinfection of drinking water, can cause many adverse effects in test animals, including immunotoxicity. However, the underlying molecular mechanism for the immunomodulatory effects remains unclear. The present study was undertaken to help in defining some potential mechanisms for this type of toxicity. Here, Cl.Ly1+2/-9 T-cells were exposed to varying levels of DBA and then several parameters, including cell survival, apoptosis, changes in mitochondrial potentials, and effects on select kinases (i.e., p38, ERK1/2, JNK1/2) were examined. The data showed that DBA significantly decreased Cl.Ly1+2/-9 cell viability in a dose-related manner. DBA also induced apoptosis, a decrease in mitochondrial trans-membrane potential, and up-regulated the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, DBA increased the phosphorylation of all three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) evaluated. Pre-treatment with specific p38, ERK1/2, and JNK1/2 inhibitors (SB203580, U0126, SP600125, respectively) attenuated the inducible phosphorylation events. DBA also induced up-regulation of mRNA levels of the MAPKs downstream transcription factors ATF-2 and Elk-1. When taken together, the results suggest that DBA could induce murine Cl.Ly1+2/-9 T-cells apoptosis through mitochondria-dependent way, and activate the MAPKs pathways and downstream transcription factors ATF-2 and Elk-1.

The nanosized TiO2 and luminescent materials were coated on PVC flexible composite material to get self-cleaning luminous PVC flexible composite building materials, the materials durable-polluted, luminous, reused properties and the adhesion property of the nanosized TiO2 and luminescent material particles were tested and studyed. The experimental results show that the nanosized TiO2 and luminescent materials finishing self-cleaning luminous PVC flexible composite building materials gain significant and good durability performance of self-cleaning and luminous functions.

This paper based on the genetic algorithm,introduced part search process and respectively established the mathematical scheduling model of full loads vehicle optimal scheduling with soft time windows and of non-full loads on the basis of the long distance logistics transportation situation of some companys distribution center in Shenzhen. Then programmed to achieve the scheduling of multi-vehicle touting and selection, and conducted example analysis.

This paper mainly based on the coupling relationship between tribological and dynamic behaviors of cylinder liner-piston system to establish dynamics and tribology coupling model of cylinder linerpiston-piston ring, and to analyze the effect of piston skirt profile based on it, providing theoretical basis for determining the effect of piston skirt profiles to piston dynamics and lubrication performance.

This paper establishs a coupled model on kinetic and tribological of cylinder liner-piston-piston ring system and takes the cylinder liner-piston system as an automatic control system based on the finite difference method and overrelaxation iteration method; the numerical solutions of the model is put forward and designed the overall the calculation process of coupling model, providing theoretical basis for further analyzing the piston system dynamic performance.

The conveying logistics of harvesting harvesters has been one of the constraints to the sugarcane harvester technology development bottleneck problem,which conveying stability and reliability are not high and easy to plug. Firstly, the mechanism of logistics conveying was discussed. Secondly, for the sugarcane flows (SF) changing in sugarcane harvester process as the objects, the sugarcane volume model and mass of the model in a static state were established, which was relation to the number, the form and the parallel. Finally, the experiments had been done to verify the model coefficients. It had provided the theoretical basis for increasing the sugarcane harvester smooth conveying and work efficiency

Background.This study investigated whether quercetin could alleviate vascular calcification in experimental chronic renal failure rats induced by adenine.Methods.32 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups fed normal diet, normal diet with quercetin supplementation (25 mg/kg·BW/d), 0.75% adenine diet, or adenine diet with quercetin supplementation. All rats were sacrificed after 6 weeks of intervention. Serum renal functions biomarkers and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured and status of vascular calcification in aorta was assessed. Furthermore, the induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway was determined to explore the potential mechanism.Results.Adenine successfully induced renal failure and vascular calcification in rat model. Quercetin supplementation reversed unfavorable changes of phosphorous, uric acid (UA) and creatinine levels, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum and the increases of calcium and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the aorta (P<0.05) and attenuated calcification and calcium accumulation in the medial layer of vasculature in histopathology. Western blot analysis showed that iNOS/p38MAPK pathway was normalized by the quercetin supplementation.Conclusions.Quercetin exerted a protective effect on vascular calcification in adenine-induced chronic renal failure rats, possibly through the modulation of oxidative stress and iNOs/p38MAPK pathway.

To meet requirements of automated warehouse stacker PLC control system monitoring software, a method of serial communication between the Panasonic Electrical FP1 type PLC and computer has been developed. The communication protocol, PLC communications settings and function process design are presented.

To meet the requirements of urban residential parking, a kind of small mechanical lifting and transferring solid garage which has three storey with a pit has been designed instead of solid garage building. The design principle and methods of the mechanical solid garage are presented.

Increasing the section method is the commonest method in double-curved arch bridge reinforcement. In order to research on the force condition of main arch ring in double-curved arch bridge reinforcement, we use internal force superposition method and stress superposition method to deduce the stress distribution of arch ring, and make contrastive analysis on each construction stage in bridge reinforcement. Internal force superposition method is unsafe; the stress superposition meets the actual situation.

Endotoxemia is a common event in alcoholic liver disease. Elevated intestinalpermeability is the major factor involved in the mechanism of alcoholic endotoxemia andthe pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. This study examined the effect ofepigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on alcohol-induced gut leakiness, and explored therelated mechanisms involved in its protection against alcohol-induced liver injury in rats.Four groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Alcohol and alcohol/EGCGgroups rats received fish oil along with alcohol daily via gastrogavage for 6 weeks, anddextrose and dextrose/EGCG groups rats were given fish oil along with isocaloric dextroseinstead of alcohol. The dextrose/EGCG and alcohol/EGCG groups received additionaltreatment of EGCG (100mg.kg-1 body weight) daily intragastrically by gavage. Intestinalpermeability was assessed by urinary excretion of lactulose and mannitol (L/M ratio). Liverinjury was evaluated histologically and by serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Plasmaendotoxin and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were assayed; livermalondialdehyde (MDA) contents determined. CD14 and inflammatory factors, such asTNF-α, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNAs inthe liver were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Ratsgiven fish oil plus alcohol had gut leakiness (L/M ratio was increased), which wasassociated with both endotoxemia and liver injury. The above responses were accompaniedby increased CD14, TNF-α, COX-2 and iNOS mRNA expressions in the liver. EGCGsupplementation partly blocked the gut leakiness, reduced endotoxemia and lipidperoxidation, and blunted the elevated expressions of CD14, TNF-α, COX-2 and iNOS, allof which were associated with improved liver injury. These results show that EGCG can block alcohol-induced gut leakiness, reduce endotoxemia, and inhibit inflammatory factors expressions in the liver, thereby ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury.

The band-winged grasshopper, Oedaleus asiaticus Bei-Bienko, is one of the most dominant and economically important grasshopper species in the steppe grasslands and farming-pastoral ecotone in northern China. It is a univoltine species and overwinters as eggs in soil. The cold hardiness of its eggs was examined in the laboratory. Water content in soil significantly affected the supercooling points (SCPs), water content and fat content of prediapause eggs. With the increase of water content in soil, the SCP, and water content of prediapause eggs rose whereas the fat content declined. There was a significant relationship between the SCP and water content or fat content of prediapause eggs. The SCPs of prediapause and diapause eggs varied from −7.6 to −28.4°C and the SCPs of eggs 30 d after oviposition could be divided into two groups. The means of high SCP group (−11.0 to −11.9°C) were much higher than those of low SCP group (−21.8 to −21.9°C), and the majority belonged to the latter (90.48–93.33%). The SCPs of prediapause eggs and early-diapause eggs 30 d after oviposition were significantly higher than those of deep-diapause eggs 60 d after oviposition. The survival rates of diapause eggs were significantly different among different temperature treatments. The survival rate was higher than 88% at greater than −20°C and declined significantly to 57% at −25°C, and suddenly dropped to zero at −30°C. The lower lethal temperature (Ltemp50) for 12 h exposure was −25.3°C and the lower lethal time (Ltime50) at −20°C was 32.8 d. As the mean SCPs of diapause eggs were similar to their Ltemp50, the SCP of eggs can be considered as a good indicator of cold hardiness for O. asiaticus and that this grasshopper is a freeze-intolerant insect.

To study the expression and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in rats with ethanol-induced liver injury and their relation with liver damage, activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression in the liver.Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given fish oil (0.5 mL) along with ethanol or isocaloric dextrose daily via gastrogavage for 4 or 6 wk. Liver injury was assessed using serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and pathological analysis. Liver malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide contents, iNOS and eNOS activity were determined. NF-kappaB p65ìiNOS, eNOS and TNF-alpha protein or mRNA expression in the liver were detected by immunohistochemistry or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Chronic ethanol gavage for 4 wk caused steatosis, inflammation and necrosis in the liver, and elevated serum ALT activity. Prolonged ethanol administration (6 wk) enhanced the liver damage. These responses were accompanied with increased lipid peroxidation, NO contents, iNOS activity and reduced eNOS activity. NF-kappaB p65, iNOS and TNF-alpha protein or mRNA expression were markedly induced after chronic ethanol gavage, whereas eNOS mRNA expression remained unchanged. The enhanced iNOS activity and expression were positively correlated with the liver damage, especially the necro-inflammation, activation of NF-kappaB, and TNF-alpha mRNA expression.iNOS expression and activity are induced in the liver after chronic ethanol exposure in rats, which are correlated with the liver damage, especially the necro-inflammation, activation of NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha expression. eNOS activity is reduced, but its mRNA expression is not affected.

AIM: To evaluate preventative effects of ischemic preconditioning (IP) in a rat model of intestinal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (IR). METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were fasted for 24 h with free access to water prior to the operation. Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: S group (n = 6), rats were subjected to isolation of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 40 min, then the abdomen was closed; IR group (n = 6), rats were subjected to clamping the SMA 40 min, and the abdomen was closed followed by a 4-h reperfusion; IP group (n = 6) rats underwent three cycles of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion, then clamping of the SMA for 40 min, then the abdomen was closed and a 4-h reperfusion followed. All animals were euthanized by barbiturate overdose (150 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium, i.v.) for tissue collection, and the SMA was isolated via median abdominal incision. Intestinal histologic injury was observed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations in intestinal tissue were measured. Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression, as well as nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity and expression in intestinal tissue were also determined. RESULTS: Compared with the IR group, IP reduced IR-induced histologic injury of the intestine in rats (2.00 ± 0.71 vs 3.60 ± 0.84, P < 0.05). IP significantly inhibited the increase in MDA content (5.6 ± 0.15 μmol/L vs 6.84 ± 0.18 μmol/L, P < 0.01), MPO activity (0.13 ± 0.01 U/L vs 0.24 ± 0.01 U/L, P < 0.01), and TNF-α levels (7.79 ± 2.35 pg/mL vs 10.87 ± 2.48 pg/mL, P < 0.05) in the intestinal tissue of rats. IP also markedly ameliorated the increase in ICAM-1 (204.67 ± 53.27 vs 353.33 ± 45.19, P < 0.05) and VCAM-1 (256.67 ± 58.59 vs 377.33 ± 41.42, P < 0.05) protein expression in the intestinal tissues. Additionally, IP remarkably decreased NF-κB activity (0.48 ± 0.16 vs 0.76 ± 0.22, P < 0.05) and protein expression (320.23 ± 38.16 vs 520.76 ± 40.53, P < 0.01) in rat intestinal tissue. CONCLUSION: IP may protect against IR-induced intestinal injury by attenuation of the neutrophil-endothelial adhesion cascade via reducing ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression and TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling pathway activity.