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The expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is strikingly upregulated during oncogenesis and prostate cancer (PCa) progression, but the functions of this antigen in PCa remain unclear. Here, we constructed PSMA-knockdown LNCaP and 22rv1 cell lines and performed metabonomic and transcriptomic analyses to determine the effects of PSMA on PCa metabolism and transcription. The metabolism of arginine and proline was detected using specific kits. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the identified differentially expressed genes were quantified by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The proliferation of each cell line was evaluated through CCK-8, EdU and colony formation assays. The migration and invasion abilities of each cell line were detected using wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. PSMA knockdown led to metabolic disorder and abnormal transcription in PCa and resulted in inhibition of the proliferation and metastasis of PCa cells in vitro and in vivo. The depletion of PSMA also promoted the biosynthesis of arginine and proline, inhibited the expression of AR and PSA, and induced the expression of c-Fos and FosB. PSMA plays an important role in the metabolism, proliferation and metastasis of human PCa and may be a promising therapeutic target.

Background: Displacement of endotracheal tube (ETT) can result in endobronchial intubation and accidental extubation that severely threatens safety of surgical patients. However, few surveys have investigated intraoperative ETT displacement experienced by anesthesiologists. The objective of these surveys was to investigate ETT fixation method and ETT displacement during general anesthesia experienced by anesthesiologists in China in 2014 and 2020. Methods: A questionnaire was designed with twenty questions and randomly distributed to anesthesiologists in two survey methods. In 2014, we collected responses from anesthesiologists who participated in the 22nd annual meeting of the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology in a face-to-face setting; in 2020, anesthesiologists from twenty-eight provinces completed the questionnaire through an online questionnaire survey platform. Differences in the responses from the anesthesiologists in 2014 and 2020 were assessed with a chi-square test. Results: In total, 568 questionnaires were collected, of which 541 questionnaires were valid (valid response rate 95.2%). A majority of the respondents (65.6%) had experienced ETT displacement, and 4.3% of respondents had experienced serious complications due to ETT displacement. Three hundred and twenty-nine respondents (60.8%) fixed the ETT with adhesive tape in the shape of the letter X. A majority of respondents considered the influence of surgical site, body position (97.8% of all respondents), and age (77.1% of all respondents) on fixing the ETT. Adhesive tape was the most commonly used material to fix the ETT (90.4% of the respondents). Conclusion: During clinical anesthesia, a majority of anesthesiologists experienced ETT displacement that can result in serious consequences. Therefore, the management of ETT should be a priority during the operation.

Data that assess maternal and infant outcomes in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected mothers are limited.To investigate the frequency of complications and the associated risk factors.We performed a cohort study to compare pregnancy and fetal outcomes of HCV-viremic mothers with those of healthy mothers. Risk factors were analyzed with logistic regression.Among 112 consecutive HCV antibody-positive mothers screened, we enrolled 79 viremic mothers. We randomly selected 115 healthy mothers from the birth registry as the control. Compared to healthy mothers, HCV mothers had a significantly higher frequency of anemia [2.6% (3/115)Maternal HCV infections may associate with pregnancy and obstetric complications. We demonstrated a previously unreported association between maternal HCV viremia and a smaller neonatal head circumference, suggesting fetal growth restriction.

Background The changes in right ventricular (RV) contractility of Kawasaki disease (KD) still remain unclear. Hypothesis We aimed to determine whether RV systolic dysfunction can be detected by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) feature tracking and to find its association with coronary artery lesions (aneurysm, thrombosis and stenosis). Methods Peak systolic myocardial longitudinal, radial and circumferential strain and the strain rate (RVSL, RVSR, RVSC, RVSRL, RVSRR and RVSRC) in the global RV and three levels (basal, middle and apical) were measured in 66 patients with convalescent KD. A total of 20 controls were included. Comparisons were made with controls and among KD subgroups divided with coronary artery lesions. Results RVSC (−10.575% vs. −10.760%), RVSL (−18.150% vs. −18.712%) and RVSRC (−0.815/s vs. −0.924/s) were slightly lower in KD group without significant difference. All the strain and strain rate presented lowest in the basal level. In subgroup comparison, lower RVSL and RVSRL were observed in the giant coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) group; RVSR (15.844% vs. 16.897%), RVSRR (1.245/s vs. 1.322/s) and RVSRC (−0.715/s vs. −0.895/s) were lower in thrombosed group; RVSRL (−1.27/s vs. −1.503/s) were lower in stenosis group. All the comparison in subgroups did not reach significant difference. From the analysis of receiver operating characteristic curve, RVSRL had a better ability to identify KD with giant CAA and stenosis. For the identification of thrombosis, RVSRC had a better ability. Conclusions Lower strain and strain rates of RV were detected in convalescent KD. More pronounced in those with persisting coronary artery lesions.

To elucidate potential roles of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) in mycelial growth and polysaccharide synthesis of Grifola frondosa, a putative 2036-bp UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene gfugp encoding a 53.17-kDa protein was cloned and re-annotated. Two dual promoter RNA silencing vectors of pAN7-iUGP-P-dual and pAN7-iUGP-C-dual were constructed to down-regulate gfugp expression by targeting its promoter or conserved functional sequences, respectively. Results showed that silence of gfugp promoter sequence had a higher down-regulating efficiency with slower mycelial growth and polysaccharide production than those of conserved sequence. The monosaccharide compositions/percentages of mycelial and exo-polysaccharides significantly changed with the increase of galactose and arabinose contents possibly due to block of UDP-glucose supply by gfugp silence and alteration of sugar metabolism via up-regulation of UDP-glucose-4-epimerase (gfuge) and UDP-xylose-4-epimerase (gfuxe) transcription. Our findings would provide a reference to know the biosynthesis pathway of mushroom polysaccharides and improve their production by metabolic regulation.

Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) and ultrasound (US) can be used to diagnose inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in children. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of MRE and US in pediatric patients with IBD. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies published up to June 1, 2020. The outcomes were the performances of MRE and US at the segment and patient levels. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curves value (SROC) were analyzed. Eight studies (340 children) were included. Compared with the reference standard, MRE showed pooled sensitivity of 93.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 90.0–95.4%), specificity of 94.6% (95% CI: 92.1–96.5%), PLR of 11.146 (95% CI: 5.027–24.713), NLR of 0.094 (95% CI: 0.057–0.155), and DOR of 134.21 (95% CI: 40.72–442.29), with a SROC of 0.9721. Similar results were observed at the patient and segment levels. Compared with the reference standard, US had pooled sensitivity of 84.1% (95% CI: 69.9–93.4%), specificity of 82.9% (95% CI: 66.4–93.4%), PLR of 4.924 (95% CI: 2.351–10.310), NLR of 0.207 (95% CI: 0.103–0.413), and DOR of 25.919 (95% CI: 7.63–88.07), but only two studies were included. US (reader 1) had a similar diagnostic value to US (reader 2). The present meta-analysis shows that MRE has good performance in detecting IBD in pediatric patients. Only two studies used US, and additional studies are necessary to confirm the diagnostic performance of US for IBD in children. • MRE has good performance in the detection of IBD in pediatric patients. • Similar results were observed at the patient and segment levels for MRE. • Only two studies were included for US, without differentiating patient/segment.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs of − 22 nucleotides that can base pair with their target mRNAs, which represses their translation or induces their degradation in various biological processes. However, little is known about identification of miRNAs and their target genes in C. auratus. In the present study, a small RNA library from pooled tissue of C. auratus was constructed and sequenced using the deep sequencing. A total of 320 conserved miRNAs (belonging to 105 families) as well as 11 potentially novel miRNAs were identified. Stem-loop qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that both conserved and novel miRNAs were expressed in C. auratus, and some of them were preferentially expressed in certain tissues. Subsequently, a total of 1668 potential target genes were predicted for these identified miRNAs and GO analysis showed that most of the targets were involved in lots of physiological actions. This study represents a first large-scale identification and characterization of C. auratus miRNAs and their potential target genes. Taken together, our results add new information to existing data on C. auratus miRNAs and should be useful for investigating the biological functions of miRNAs in fishes and other aquatic species.

Ground cherry (Physalis pubescens L.) is a kind of berry fruit favored by consumers in China; however, this fruit is particularly vulnerable to physiological senescence and pathogen attack during the traditional cold storage period. In order to maintain storage quality, a 1.5% (w/w) chitosan (CS) water solution containing 50 mg/L of natamycin (NA) was introduced. After all treatments were completed, the fruit was stored at 0 °C and sampled every 10 d. At each sampling date, the following tests were performed: mold and yeast analyses; enzyme activity and content analyses which included superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and malondialdehyde (MDA); and color analysis. In addition, a sensory evaluation was carried out for quality assessment at the end of the storage period. The results showed that the application of a chitosan coating combined with natamycin (CSNA) enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), reduced the physiological rate of senescence, and inhibited pathogen attack. Thus, CSNA treatment can maintain ground cherries at an acceptable level of storage quality for 50 d.

Hawthorn is a popular functional food. In China, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge. and C. pinnatifida Bge. var. major N. E. Brown are two major species that are used for the preparation of hawthorn products. Accordingly, it is crucial to explore the chemical differences between these two species for the market standardization of hawthorn products. In this study, we integrated manual annotation with untargeted metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry for compound characterization and discrimination of the two hawthorn species. We characterized 78 compounds in the two species including saccharides, glycosides, organic acids, phenols, flavonoids and triterpenoids. Moreover, 47 differential compounds and 17 false positive ions were recognized and fully reviewed. The 47 identified compounds were then used to build a partial least squares discriminant analysis model that successfully discriminated C. pinnatifida Bge. and C. pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br.

The present study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the removal of unilateral staghorn renal stones with concurrent infections by retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy (RLP) with prolonged renal posterior lower segment incision. Patients with staghorn renal stone and concurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) who underwent RLP with prolonged renal posterior lower segment incision as the primary, one-session treatment at our institution between March 2014 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Routine laboratory tests were performed and the patients received broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics from at least 3 days prior to the operation. All patients were examined pre-operatively by urinary ultrasonography, computed tomography or intravenous urography. UTI was confirmed by laboratory tests with or without radiographic evidence by an experienced urologist. All patients (18 females and 10 males) successfully underwent the procedures and there was no conversion to open surgery in any case. The mean age was 57.0±10.81 years (age range, 40–74 years) and the mean calculus size was 3.3±0.79 cm. The mean operation time, warm ischemia time and post-operative hospital stay were 114.4±12.09 min, 28.1±4.23 min and 5.8±1.42 days, respectively. The mean hemoglobin drop on day 3 following surgery was 0.5±0.38 g/dl and there was no requirement for blood transfusion in any patient. The mean change of serum creatinine levels between pre-operative baseline and post-operative day 3 or post-operative month 6 was 6.0±20.03 or −4.5±15.13 µmol/l, respectively. The stone-free rate was 100% at 3 days and at 6 months. Mild post-operative complications (Grade I or II) occurred in 6 patients, including temporary and constant elevated body temperature (>38.5°C). No severe complications, including urine leakage, sepsis, residual stones requiring auxiliary procedures, were noted and there were no circumstances requiring further surgical intervention in any of the patients. In conclusion, RLP with prolonged renal posterior lower segment incision is an effective and safe procedure for patients with staghorn renal stones and concurrent UTI, and its feasible application as a single-session monotherapy is particularly convenient considering the financial and medical situation, as well as the patients' preference.

A series of new phenylpropenamide derivatives containing different substituents was synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activities. The quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) of phenylpropenamide compound have been studied. The 2D-QSAR models, based on DFT and multiple linear regression analysis methods, revealed that higher values of total energy ( TE ) and lower entropy ( S ө ) enhanced the anti-HBV activities of the phenylpropenamide molecules. Predictive 3D-QSAR models were established using SYBYL multifit molecular alignment rule. The optimum models were all statistically significant with cross-validated and conventional coefficients, indicating that they were reliable enough for activity prediction.

The aim of this study was to breed a target genotype variety based on the identified chalkiness marker-QTL (quantitative trait locus) associations in rice. First, a permanent mapping population of rice that consisted of 525 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), which were derived from Zhenshan 97/Minghui 63, was used to identify QTLs with additive effects for rice quantitative traits and percentage of grain chalkiness (PGC). Subsequently, based on the identified QTLs in rice, the molecular marker 68923-PGC was selected to screen the low chalkiness rice line. Then, using the integration of molecular marker breeding and traditional breeding, we analyzed the genotype and phenotype of inbred lines from 525 RILs; we identified one rice variety with particularly high yields, good taste, and broad adaptability. The new variety was temporarily named RIL10, which was a high quality, high yield, and broadly adaptable variety, and it is predominantly a feature that has contributed to its geographical adaptability, which would be planted from 35°E to 18°E in Chinain China, where 2/3 of rice production occurs. RIL10 was a marker-assisted selection breeding achievement for producing a high quality, high yield, and broadly adaptable rice variety.

We collected data regarding 340 disease resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from the maize genomic database (MaizeGDB). We constructed an integrated linkage map and analyzed this map by using the BioMercator 2.1 software with IBM2 2008 Neighbors genetic linkage map as a reference. We used a meta-analysis method to identify five "consensus" synthetic resistance QTLs located on maize chromosomes 1, 3, 6, and 10, with map intervals of 5.14, 9.00, 28.50, 1.73, and 33.34 cM, respectively. The gene and marker sequences within the five "consensus" QTLs were downloaded from the MaizeGDB website. We identified eight resistance gene analogs (RGAs), through comparison of these sequences with the resistance genes of other members of Poaceae by using the online BLASTx software. On the basis of comparative mapping between the maize genetic map and the rice physical map, 54 rice and 44 maize resistance genes were projected onto the maize IBM2 2008 Neighbors genetic linkage map by using a synteny conservation approach. Additionally, 15 resistance genes in the "consensus" QTL regions were found in two "consensus" QTLs on chromosomes 3 and 6; these resistance genes included rp3, scmv2, wsm2, RG3, RG16, RG36, RG51, RG53, scmv1, mdm1, RG5, RG8, RG10, RG14, and RG29. Our results provide valuable information for fine-mapping QTL, gene cloning, and molecular breeding for resistance in maize.

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of several alternative postharvest treatments to sulfur dioxide (SO2) in storage quality during cold storage of red grape.The three kinds of treatment were 0μL/L (CK),3000μL/L(TR1),5000μL/L(TR2).The results showed that SO2 damagement effected on physiological metabolic and physiological quality of grapes significantly.It can inhibit the rise in pH of grapes,harm the integrity of cell membranes,increase conductivity and malondialdehyde content and stimulate the activity of polyphenol oxidase. But right amont of SO2 had a positive effect on strage and preservation of grape.

“Red Globe” table grapes were packaged at four temperature conditions: -1C、-0.5C、0C and 4C. Pathogens carrier rate of grape flesh, grape pedicel, grape peduncle and disease incidence rate were measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days. The result revealed that-0.5C was the best storage condition of “Red Globe” table grape, from perspective of pathogens carrier rate of grape flesh, grape pedicel, grape peduncle and disease incidence rate. There was a positive correlation between disease incidence rate and pathogens carrier rate of grape parts. This study is to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the loss red grapes.

Digestion samples, graphite atomized method and flame atomization method, determinated Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cr heavy metals in fruits, soil and water of 6 different vineyards of Xinjiang. Analysis and comparison of measurement results with national standards, results showed that: Zn in the fruits of TR2 and Ni in the fruits of TR3 were close to the standard limit value. Zn in the soil of TR2 was close to the standard limit value. Cr in the soil of TR1 was 196.5835 mg/kg, which is greater than 150 mg/kg of II security level standard, so the soil was belong to III security level. Ni in water of TR3 was close to the standard limit value. They should be taken into account.

The aim was to study the preservation of coating with chitosan hydrogel on navel oranges. And the result showed that coating with 2.0% chitosan hydrogel had a higher SOD activity and lower respiration rate, membrane permeability and MDA content, which could effectively remain navel oranges’ quality and extend the shelf life.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules of 22 nucleotides in length that have been characterized as regulators of messenger RNA (mRNA) regulating a number of developmental processes in plants and animals by silencing genes using multiple mechanisms. miRNAs have been extensively studied in various plant species; however, few information are available about miRNAs in perennial ryegrass, animal feed, and industrial raw materials. In this study, the 12 potential perennial ryegrass miRNAs were identified for the first time by computational approach. Using the newly identified miRNA sequences, the perennial ryegrass mRNA database was further used for BLAST search and detected 33 potential targets of miRNAs. Prediction of potential miRNA target genes revealed their functions involved in various important plant biological processes. Our result should be useful for further investigation into the biological functions of miRNAs in perennial ryegrass. The selected miRNAs representing four families were verified by RT-PCR experiment, indicating that the prediction method that we used to identify the miRNAs was effective.

This paper introduces the power line carrier communication technology and switching power supply, and expounds the factors that affect the switching power supply for power line communication, analyzes how to solve the problem of switching power supply in power line communication, such as analysis of phase noise electromagnetic interference on the impact of switching power supply, and proposes measures to perfect the switching power supply.

Differentiation in microstructural characteristics ofPunica granatumfruit in response to different dynamic temperatures (2 oC, 4 oC, 6 oC, and 8 oC) during cold storage inside the fibre insulation materials was investigated. The results from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements showed that the polyester fibre exhibited an advantage and the radiation heat transfer was analyzed in the area of far-infrared. By evidence, the examination by scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that effect of dynamic temperature onPunica granatumfruits was structurally different. The fruits stored at higher temperature (6 oC and 8 oC) were associated with fractured cell walls and collapse of cells.

The experiment was carried to study the fermentation regularity of different maturity, so as to provide theoretical basis for the effective storage of Lingwu long jujubes. The results showed that with the increase of maturity, the fermentation rate of fruits also increased, and the fermentation rate of eight, nine, ten mature fruits had significant differences, and the seven, eight mature were not. Based on the fermentation regularity and other quality indicators, the conclusion was that the storage of Lingwu long jujubes should be appropriate to eight mature jujube.

The effect of high oxygen treatment on quality of Fuji fresh-cut apples during 24 days of storage at 4°C was investigated. Results indicated that the high oxygen could significantly inhibit the browning as well as keep the sensory quality of fresh-cut apples. Moreover, the treatment of 100% oxygen for 5 days better maintained the color and firmness, also with higher contents of the total soluble solids and titratable acid of fresh-cut apples, compared to the other treatments.

Conventional molecular detection methods cannot distinguish between viable and dead Escherichia coli O157 cells. In this study, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method combined with propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment was developed to selectively detect viable E. coli O157 cells. Four primers, including outer primers and inner primers, were specially designed for the recognition of six distinct sequences on the serogroups (O157) of the specific rfbE gene of the E. coli O157 genome. PMA selectively penetrated through the compromised cell membranes and intercalated into DNA. Amplification of DNA from dead cells was completely inhibited by 3.0 μg/ml PMA, whereas the DNA derived from viable cells was amplified remarkably within 1 h by PMA-LAMP. Exhibiting high sensitivity and specificity, PMA-LAMP is a suitable method for evaluating the inactivation efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water in broth. PMA-LAMP can selectively detect viable E. coli O157 cells. This study offers a novel molecular detection method to distinguish between viable and dead E. coli O157 cells.

Effects of different methods of gas package on freshness of harvested fresh Sweet Corn, at room temperature in its shelf life were investigated. The harvested fresh Sweet Corn were packaged under vacuum, air, N2 or CO2, respectively, and then stored 90 days at 30°Cafter the high temperature sterilization. After the sterilization and during storage, the changes of aerobic plate count, water content, soluble sugar content, and TPA were determined. The results showed that compared with others, the package with N2 could inhibit the growth of microorganisms, kept the content of water, soluble sugar and fat. After 90 days, TPA showed that the package in nitrogen could improve the quality of sweet corns.

Red wines were made from Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon in China at different methods of maceration. The effects of using different winemaking technologies during maceration on the quality characteristics, in terms of colour, aroma profile and sensory characteristics, of the wines before bottling were evaluated, and made a comparison with the effects of adding skins. Seed contact treatments raised wine colour intensity, proanthocyanidins, tannins, and polyphenols content in comparison to the control wines. However, as indicated in the sensory evolution, the significant increase in astringency intensity was found in the wines with seed contact. Besides, the bitterness of the red wine also increased in the wines with seed contact, but it was not significantly.

Gait learning is usually under a so-called simulation based framework, where a simulation platform is firstly setup, and then based on which the gait pattern is learned via some learning algorithm. For the reason that there exist big differences between simulation platform and real circumstances, an additional adapting procedure is always required when learned gait pattern is applied to a real robot. This case turns out to be more critical for a biped robot, because its control appears more difficult than others, such as a quadruped robot. This leads the new scheme that the gait is directly learned on real robot to be attractive. However, under this real robot based learning scheme, most of those learning algorithms that commonly used under simulation based framework appear to be trivial, since they always needs too many learning trials which may wear out the robot hardware. Faced to this situation, in this paper, a surrogate model based gait learning approach for biped robot is proposed. And the experimental results on a real humanoid robot PKU-HR3 show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

This report describes a 24-year-old patient with marked and continuous hypoxemia resulting from severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to pneumonia, which in turn was refractory to mechanical ventilation and other conventional adjunctive therapies. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was applied for 14 days and resulted in significant improvement in the hypoxemia. We conclude that ECMO presents a therapeutic option for ARDS patients who fail to respond to conventional mechanical ventilation.

CT angiography (CTA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) are valuable tools in imaging work-ups for the diagnosis of sigmoid sinus diverticulum (SSD) and sigmoid sinus wall dehiscence (SSWD). The development of pulsatile tinnitus (PT) resulting from SSD and SSWD may be associated with the dominance of venous systems.Our goal was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of PT caused by SSD and SSWD.This was a retrospective chart review undertaken in a tertiary academic referral center. Fifty-four patients with PT due to SSD and SSWD were recruited. Hospital files of these patients were assessed. Data included medical history, physical examinations, auxiliary examinations, and radiographic findings of CTA and DSA.The study population comprised 51 females and 3 males. Most patients with PT caused by SSD and SSWD were middle-aged women. All had normal otoscopy results. Anomalies occurred in or adjacent to the region of the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction in 52 patients. Half of the patients (27/54) presented abnormal results of examination of blood lipids. There were 57.41% (31/54) cases with ipsilateral dominance of the venous system, 9.26% (5/54) cases with contralateral dominance, and 33.33% (18/54) cases with co-dominance of the venous system.

Background Although the imaging features of sigmoid sinus diverticulum induced pulsatile tinnitus (PT) have been presented in some extent, detailed imaging findings still have not been systematically evaluated and precise diagnostic radiographic criteria has not been established. Purpose To examine the computed tomography (CT) characteristics of sigmoid sinus diverticulum accompanied with PT. Material and Methods Fifteen PT patients with sigmoid sinus diverticula proven by surgery were recruited after consenting. CT images of 15 patients were obtained and analyzed, including features of diverticula, brain venous systems, integrity of the sigmoid plate, and the degree of temporal bone pneumatization. Results Sigmoid sinus diverticulum was located on the same side of PT in 15 patients. Diverticula originated at the superior curve of the sigmoid sinus in 11 patients and the descending segment of the sigmoid sinus in four patients. Sigmoid sinus diverticula focally eroded into the adjacent mastoid air cells in 12 patients and mastoid cortex in three patients. Among eight patients with unilateral dominant brain venous systems, the diverticula were seen on the dominant side in seven patients and non-dominant side in one patient. In contrast, the other seven patients showed co-dominant brain venous systems, with three presenting diverticula on the right side and four on the left. More notably, dehiscent sigmoid plate on the PT side was demonstrated in all patients. In addition, temporal bone hyper-pneumatization was found in nine patients, good and moderate pneumatization in three patients, respectively. Conclusion Dehiscent sigmoid plate and extensive temporal bone pneumatization are two important imaging characteristics of the PT induced by sigmoid sinus diverticulum.

This study aimed to elucidate the genetics of the adult root system in elite Chinese hybrid rice. Several adult root traits in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Xieyou 9308 and two backcross F1 (BCF1) populations derived from the RILs were phenotyped under hydroponic culture at heading stage for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and other statistical analysis. There a total of eight QTLs detected for the root traits. Among of them, a pleiotropic QTL was repeatedly flanked by RM180 and RM5436 on the short arm of chromosome 7 for multiple traits across RILs and its BCF1 populations, accounting for 6.88% to 25.26% of the phenotypic variances. Only additive/dominant QTLs were detected for the root traits. These results can serve as a foundation for facilitating future cloning and molecular breeding.

The aim of this work to evaluate the influence of 1-MCP, O3and 1-MCP+O3to Dendrobium officinale. 1-MCP could inhibit plants respiration rate, and it was 14.57 mg CO2·kg·FW·h-for 7 days which lower than CK and O3had similar inhibitory effect to respiration.1-MCP, O3could inhibit weight loss and O3was more significant than 1-MCP, but 1-MCP+O3treatments weight loss was similar to CK for 60 days, however 1-MCP+O3had significant effect on color change, it could inhibit color change during storage for plants.

This paper introduces a Web-based tutoring system for computer programming that provides an integrated environment for web programming. The proposed system is web-based. It provides an online editor for writing, editing, updating, and executing programming code, so the students can execute examples and practical exercises online, it can help a student navigate through the online course materials, recommend learning goals, and generate appropriate reading sequences.. In addition, it provides auto complete and syntax highlighting in editing code, which could help students to remember the syntax more easily. The proposed system provides communication and interactive forum among students and teachers. And it provides the teachers with an online exam system. It monitors, collects and keeps information about students performance and activities. Therefore, teachers can use the recorded information to keep tracking of the students progress.

Taking Red Grape as material, studied on the effect of SO2interval fumigation treatments on postharvest quality and SO2residue of fruit stored under 0 °C. The results indicated that after 120 days of storage, all treatment could decrease the decay rate, inhibited the decrease of soluble solids content and titratable acid, and the SO2interval fumigation showed a stronger ability compared with convention fumigation. The SO2residue in grape pulp in TR2 group was14.5mg·kg-1which beyond the FDA safety standard (10 mg·kg-1) and bleaching rate was 7.8% higher than TR1 and control group.

The novel packaging was synthesised by coating polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film with Polyvinylamine/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVAm/PVA) mixture which can effectively inhibit the migration of DOP in this paper. The effect of PVAm/PVA mixture on inhibiting DOP migration was detected via extraction tests. The results showed that the novel packaging significantly reduced the migration rate of DOP compared with the control (PVC film). After 24h extracted by hexane 40% PVAm in mixture being coated on PVC had the lowest migration rate (6.20%) among the samples, while 7.60% is the migration rate of control sample. Tensile properties analysis indicated the elongation at break and tensile strength of samples coating PVAm/PVA higher than control sample. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the PVAm/PVA mixed solution can deduce thermogravimetric rate. Therefore, coating PVC with PVAm/PVA mixture is an effective approach to suppress the migration of DOP.

The effects of 1-MCP treatment on postharvest physiology and quality of kiwifruits with four different maturities were studied. Different maturities of kiwifruits were treated with1-MCP (0.5μL L-1) at 20°C for 24 hours, then stored at 0±0.5°C. Results showed that the fruit whose firmness of 11.5 kg cm-2 kept a slower respiratory rate, higher firmness, and more stable total soluble solid and titratable acid content during the end of the storage compared with other different maturity.

Aim To study the influence of maternal body mass index (BMI) on the association between folic acid supplementation and neural tube defects (NTDs) risk in offspring. Methods A hospital-based, case–control study was conducted between 2006 and 2008 on 459 mothers with NTDs-affected births and 459 mothers without NTDs-affected births. Logistic regression models examined the associations between folic acid supplementation and the NTDs risk in offspring for all mothers, underweight/normal weight mothers (BMI

Studies have suggested that being obese before pregnancy is a risk factor for neural tube defects (NTDs), while results of many studies are controversial. This study aims to explore the association between maternal overweight and obesity before pregnancy and risk of NTDs.A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted. Cases were 459 women who delivered infants or conceived fetuses with NTDs in two provinces of China and controls were 459 women with live-born infants, without an apparent congenital malformation, matched with cases by region, delivery hospital, and year of childbirth.Compared with normal body weight, maternal obesity (body mass index, BMI ≥ 28 kg/m(2)) before pregnancy had a significant increased risk for NTDs as a group after adjusting for age, occupation, educational level, family income, parity, and use of folic acid (odds ratio, OR = 2.45; p0.05). No significant increase in NTD risk was found for maternal underweight (BMI18.5 kg/m(2)) and overweight (BMI from 24 to 28 kg/m(2)). For three subtypes of NTDs, anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele, no significant increase in risk was found with maternal underweight, overweight, or obesity (all, p0.05).Maternal obesity before pregnancy is associated with risk of NTDs and should be considered in maternal reproductive health care.

The paper first analysiss the types and methods of the wildcard characters, then discuss the matching in manufacturing engineering problems which it exists in the pattern matching. According to the problems, it puts forward algorithm to realize approximate matching. At last, it provides the flow charts and examples of the algorithm. From the example of experimental result, exact machining can be realized approximate matching through the wildcard characters. So various matching algorithm can be extended and used more.

This paper proposed an echo canceller to reduce the computational complexity of the long delay echo cancellation. Two adaptive filters were used for constructing this echo canceller. One was designed as a delay estimator, which used down-sampled sub-band signals to estimate the echo delay time. The other was designed as a short-tap filter to subtract the echo from the recorded signal with delay compensation. Experimental results showed that the output signal-to-noise ratio from the proposed canceller with low complexity is similar to that from the conventional canceller based on a long-tap filter.

The authors proposed a trainable formant synthesis method based on the multi-channel Hidden Trajectory Model (HTM). In the method, the phonetic targets, formant trajectories and spectrum states from the oral, nasal, voiceless and background channels were designed to construct hierarchical hidden layers, and then spectrum were generated as observable features. In model training, the phonemic targets were learned from one-hour training speech data and the boundaries of phonemes were also aligned. The experimental results showed that the speech could be reconstructed with the formant trainable model by a source-filter synthesizer.

The effects of different concentration of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%) on the suppression of dehydrate and hardened during storage hardened were evaluated. The results indicated that β-CD could improve the quality of frying chestnut. A certain content of β-CD could decrease the dehydrate and hardness during storage. The addition of 1.0% β-CD can solve the frying chestnut dehydration and harden during storage effectively.

The influence of electromagnetic coupling and mechanical coupling on control property in dynamic emulation system is analyzed. the coupled system is a dual-input dual-output system.The load torque changes will cause the variation of speed in the system and the speed changes also affect the variation of load torque. The mathematic model of the system based on decoupling control are given. The compensation module can be installed to the system in order to make subsystems almost independent of each other. Simulation and comparison is taken by MATLAB / Simulink software between decoupled system and original system. Result shows that the coupling control method can improve the precision of the control system and fasten response.

Aiming at the problem of long time power interruption and clutch master-slave friction plates wore seriously which greatly shorten the life of clutch during shifting process of AMT, a overrunning AMT without separation process of clutch when shifting is designed. This paper has analyzed structural characteristics and shift principle of overrunning AMT. Through force analysis on the jointing process of roller overrunning clutch, the mathematical model and dynamic model of transmission system are established. Finally, the shifting impact of shifting process is analyzed based on computer simulation. The simulation results indicate that vehicle longitudinal degree of jerk meets the requirement of vehicle comfort.

The Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular disease that causes occlusion of the distal end of the internal carotid artery, leading to the formation of multiple tiny collateral arteries. To date, the pathogenesis of Moyamoya is unknown. Improved understanding of the changes to vascular geometry and fluid mechanics of the carotid siphon during disease may improve understanding of the pathogenesis, prognosis techniques and disease management.A retrospective analysis of Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) images was performed for Moyamoya pediatric patients (MMD) (n = 23) and control (Ctrl) pediatric patients (n = 20). The Ctrl group was composed of patients who complained of headache and had normal MRA. We performed segmentation of MRA images to quantify geometric parameters of the artery. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was performed to quantify the hemodynamic parameters.MMD internal carotid and carotid siphons were smaller in cross-sectional areas, and shorter in curved vascular length. Vascular curvature remained constant over age and vascular size and did not change between Ctrl and MMD, but MMD carotid siphon had lower tortuosity in the posterior bend, and higher torsion in the anterior bend. Wall shear stress and secondary flows were significantly lower in MMD, but the ratio of secondary flow kinetic energy to primary flow kinetic energy were similar between MMD and Ctrl.There were alterations to both the geometry and the flow mechanics of the carotid siphons of Moyamoya patients but it is unclear whether hemodynamics is the cause or the effect of morphological changes observed.

To deal with the health performance degradation of electronic equipment, a new health evaluation method based on improved manifold learning algorithm and HMM is proposed in this paper. Firstly, according to SNPP algorithm KSUNPP is proposed by introducing an uncorrelated constraint and kernel method, and the improved algorithm is used for feature extraction. Secondly, the health evaluation model of electronic equipment is constructed. Then, by calculating KL distance which can measure the fault degradation, the model can evaluate the health performance degradation. Finally, the proposed method is applied to health evaluation of electronic equipment which belongs to one type of missile, experiment results demonstrate that the method is effective.