Search

Bu çalışmada, biyoteknoloji eğitimi alanında yayınlanan bilimsel makalelerin bibliyometrik göstergeler açısından analizi yapılarak alandaki eğilimlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla biyoteknoloji eğitimi alanında yapılan bibliyometrik analiz ile 1998-2021 yılları arasında yayınlanan 81 makaledeki eğilimler ortaya konmuştur. Web of Science (WoS) veri tabanında “biotechnology”, “genetic engineering” modified organisms”, “cloning” and “biotechnology education” anahtar kelime grupları kullanılarak tarama yapılmıştır. Çalışmada verileri analiz etmek amacıyla VOSviewer programı kullanılarak yıllara göre yayın sayıları, yayınların dergilere göre dağılımı, yayın yapan en aktif beş dergi, yıllara göre makalelere yapılan atıf sayısı, en fazla atıf alan beş çalışma, biyoteknoloji eğitiminde en fazla yayın yapan ilk 20 ülke, bibliyografik eşleştirmenin ülkelere ve dokümanlara dayalı ağ haritalaması, atıfların yazarlara, dokümanlara ve üniversitelere dayalı ağ haritalaması, çalışmaların ortak atıf bakımından alıntı yapılan kaynaklara dayalı ağ haritalaması, çalışmaların ortak yazarlık bakımından yazarlara ve üniversitelere dayalı ağ haritalaması ve atıfların ülkelere dayalı ağ haritalaması incelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada bibliyometrik analiz kullanılmasının biyoteknoloji eğitimi ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaları betimleyeceğinden bilimsel üretime bir bakış açısı sağlayacağı ve alandaki eğilimleri belirleyeceği düşünülmektedir.

The aim of this thesis study is to ensure the sustainability of the Turkish banking sector by considering the environmental, economic and social effects of different practices still existing in human rights, working conditions, management structure, health, safety, education, governance, energy consumption and financial functions of banks operating in Turkey. For this purpose, the corporate sustainability performance of the banks operating in Turkey and included in the BIST sustainability index, published between 2017-2019, is measured in comparison with the multidimensional corporate sustainability approach and evaluated according to the measurement results. Thus, it will be possible to determine how much the banks that have adopted the corporate sustainability approach have developed their corporate sustainability understanding and the level they have reached. It is very important to reveal the economic, environmental and social effects of banks operating in Turkey, which voluntarily accept to be included in the BIST sustainability index, due to the ability of banks to influence and even direct all sectors. In addition, data that are not included in the reviewed sustainability reports but are expected to be disclosed will also be specified. The corporate sustainability performance of the banks, which are the subject of the review, was evaluated using the TOPSIS method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods.

Self-injurious behaviors (SIBs) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are destructive symptoms that can lead to dangerous injuries and life-threatening risks. Agitation and SIBs may not respond to psychopharmacological and behavioral interventions. There are reports in the literature on improvement after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in cases not responding pharmacotherapy. However, data on the efficacy of the therapy on the benefiting patients, the course of the treatment and on the use of maintenance ECT (m-ECT) are very limited. This report presents the clinical features and the course of m-ECT on two cases under follow up for pharmacotherapy resistant ASD with significant agitation, mood disorder and SIBs that could cause severe head traumas. The initial stage of therapy consisted of 7 sessions of ECT patients showed improvement after the 5th session. m-ECT were started since the agitation repeated one week after discharge despite ongoing pharmacotherapy. In the first case, m-ECT was continued once every two weeks for a total of 46 sessions; and in the second case a total of 18 weekly sessions were conducted. No significant side effects or complications were observed and the general state of well-being was preserved. Our paper is among the few that reported succesful treatment of agitation with m-ECT. m-ECT should be considered in treatment resistant cases.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon soft tissue sarcoma that originates from the dermis or subcutaneous tissue in the skin. While its prognosis is generally favorable, disease recurrence is relatively frequent. Because morbidity after repeated surgery may be significant, an optimized prediction of recurrence-free survival (RFS) has the potential to improve current management strategies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the Ki-67 proliferation index with respect to RFS in patients with DFSP. We retrospectively analyzed data from 45 patients with DFSP. We calculated the Ki-67 proliferation index as the percentage of immunostained nuclei among the total number of tumor cell nuclei regardless of the intensity of immunostaining. We constructed univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models to identify predictors of RFS. Among the 45 patients included in the study, 8 developed local recurrences and 2 had lung metastases (median follow-up: 95.0 months; range: 5.2−412.4 months). The RFS rates at 60, 120, and 240 months of follow-up were 83.8%, 76.2%, and 65.3%, respectively. The median Ki-67 proliferation index was 14%. Notably, we identified the Ki-67 proliferation index as the only independent predictor for RFS in multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis (hazard ratio = 1.106, 95% confidence interval = 1.019−1.200, p = 0.016). In summary, our results highlight the potential usefulness of the Ki-67 proliferation index for facilitating the identification of patients with DFSP at higher risk of developing disease recurrences.

Bu çalışmanın amacı öğretmen adaylarının “bilim” ve “bilim insanı” kavramlarına ilişkin algılarını metaforlar aracılığıyla ortaya çıkarmaktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilim desenine göre tasarlanan çalışmada, içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Veriler, 62 fen bilgisi, 45 sınıf öğretmeni olmak üzere toplam 107 öğretmen adayının “Bilim/Bilim İnsanı …… gibidir. Çünkü ……” ifadelerini tamamlamasıyla elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlarımıza göre, öğretmen adayları “Bilim” kavramı için 85, “bilim insanı” kavramı için 80 geçerli metafor üretmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarından elde edilen verilerde “bilim” kavramı için en çok “Kitap” (f=5), “bilim insanı” kavramı için ise “Güneş” (f=5) metaforu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen metaforlar daha sonra ortak özellikleri ve benzerlikleri dikkate alınarak kategorileştirilmiş ve “bilim” kavramı için sekiz, “bilim insanı” kavramı için altı kategori elde edilmiştir. Öğretmen adayları “bilim” kavramını çoğunlukla “emek-çaba ve araştırmaya bağlı” (f=17) bir yapı, “bilim insanı” kavramını ise “araştıran, çabalayan, çalışkan bir kişi” (f=31) olarak görmektedir. Kavramsal kategoriler, öğretmen adaylarının cinsiyeti, sınıf düzeyleri ve bölüm türü bakımından da farklılaşmıştır. “Bilim” ve “bilim insanı” kavramlarına ilişkin oluşturulan metaforlar arasında olumsuz bir metafora rastlanmamıştır.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, fen bilimleriöğretmen adaylarının biyoteknoloji, genetik mühendisliği ve klonlamakavramlarına yönelik algılarını ve algısal değişimlerini incelemektir. Buamaçla, …… Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören 119 öğretmen adayına 3. sınıf ve 4. sınıfta olmak üzere, iki kezKelime İlişkilendirme Testi (KİT) uygulanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerindenolgu bilim desenine göre tasarlanan çalışmada, içerik analizi tekniğikullanılmıştır. KİT uygulaması sonucunda anahtar kavramlar ile ilişkili verilencevaplardan oluşan bir frekans tablosu hazırlanmıştır. Bu tabloya göre fenbilimleri öğretmen adaylarının bilişsel yapılarını ortaya çıkaran kavram ağlarıçizilmiştir.Araştırmada ilgili kavramlara yönelik verilen derslerin fenbilimleri öğretmen adaylarının biyoteknoloji, genetik mühendisliği ve klonlamakavramları ile ilgili bilişsel yapılarını geliştirdiği belirlenmiştir.Çalışmada dersleri aldıktan sonra verilen kavramlarla ilişkili elde edilenkelimelerin hem niteliksel hem de niceliksel olarak arttığı ve kavramyanılgılarının azaldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuçlarımıza göre, fenbilimleri öğretmen adaylarının lisans derslerinde biyoteknoloji uygulamalarıkonularına daha çok yer verilmesi önerilmektedir., The purpose of the research is to examine preservice science teachers’ perceptions and perceptional changes towards biotechnology, genetic engineering and cloning concepts. For this purpose, the Word Association Test (WAT) was applied two times to 59 preservice science teachers, who are studying at Inonu University, in the third grades of 2017-2018 school year and the fourth grades of 2018-2019 school year. The study was designed based on one of the qualitative research method named as phenomenology and analyzed with content analysis. A frequency table consisting of key concepts and answer words was prepared as a result of the WAT. According to this table, concept networks that reveal the cognitive structures of preservice science teachers are drawn. In the study, it was determined that preservice science teachers’ cognitive structures related to biotechnology, genetic engineering and cloning concepts developed with the routine courses related biotechnology. The results showed that the preservice teachers’ prior knowledge widened to the large area that was not related to the concepts and, they produced more responses in the after taking related courses. In addition, it was concluded that the preservice teachers’ misconceptions decreased and they perceived the relationsihp between concepts as a network after taking the related courses. The importance of the research results in terms of biotechnology/science education and using WAT as an educational tool were criticised.

Distant organ tumor dissemination is a major cause of breast cancer-related deaths. In 2010, we analyzed the prognostic importance of the circulating tumor markers (CTMs) cytokeratin 19 (CK19), CK20, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in relation to the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with breast cancer (BC). To assess the clinical utility of CK19, CK20 and EGFR in predicting distant metastasis in BC, here we report 7-year follow-up results of 77 patients. The patients with at least one positive CTM were classified as CTM(+) and those negative for all CTMs were assigned to CTM(-) group. In patients who received no treatment following CTM analysis, 25.0% had metastasis in CTM(+) and 10.0% in CTM(-) group. In patients who received one of the following therapies: chemotherapy, radiotherapy or hormone therapy, or the combinations of these therapies, the rate of metastasis was 33.3% in CTM(+) and 20.0% in CTM(-) group. Disease-free time was shorter in CTM(+) patients compared to CTM(-) group (28.83 ± 10.76 and 41.38 ± 9.5 months, respectively). According to multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the presence of regional lymph node metastasis, Ki-67 expression, higher tumor grade and CTM expression status were predictors of poor prognosis associated with distant metastasis (p < 0.05). Also, CTM positivity was a factor associated with metastasis-related poor prognosis (HR = 0.492, p = 0.026). The mean survival for CTM(+) patients was shorter than that for CTM(-) patients (90.671 ± 2.66 and 101.23 ± 3.92 months, respectively; p > 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that CTM positivity may indicate a high metastasis risk; however, CTM negativity does not guarantee low metastasis risk. These results may encourage further preclinical investigation of CTMs, to evaluate the possible implications of these findings to the clinical setting.

Aims and background To evaluate the effect of bcl-2 expression on the local control and overall survival of patients with early stage laryngeal cancer treated with radiotherapy alone. Methods and study design We included 53 patients with stage Tis, T1, and T2 laryngeal cancer who were irradiated in our department. Paraffin blocks of all biopsy specimens were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis with a bcl-2 oncoprotein mouse clone 124 Scytek kit. Results The mean follow-up time was 61 months (range, 7–166). Local-regional recurrence was observed in 10 (19%) patients. Forty-three patients (81%) had negative bcl-2 staining, 5 patients (9%) had + staining, 3 patients (6%) ++ staining, and 2 patients (4%) +++ staining. No relationship was detected between bcl-2 expression and local control or overall survival. The emergence of a recurrence and a younger age (Conclusions No correlation was observed between bcl-2 expression and local control or overall survival. Whereas hemoglobin level, age and existence of a recurrence had a prognostic impact on overall survival, patient age and smoking status influenced local control rates.

Aims and background To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a new treatment approach including induction chemotherapy (CT) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in unresectable, locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Patients and methods Twenty-four patients with LAPC were enrolled in the study. They first received induction CT consisting of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) (500 mg/m2) and gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2), which were given weekly for 3 weeks of every 4. Patients showing a response or disease stabilization after 2 cycles of induction CT received CRT consisting of external beam radiotherapy (50.4-54 Gy in fractions of 1.8 Gy/day) and gemcitabine (350 mg/m2, weekly for 6 weeks). Patients without disease progression received 2 additional cycles of CT consisting of 5FU plus gemcitabine with the same doses and schedule as given in the induction CT. Results After the end of the study, 2 (8%) and 5 (21%) patients showed complete and partial responses, respectively. Five patients (21%) had disease stabilization. The grade 3 and 4 toxicities associated with CT were neutropenia (21%) and thrombocytopenia (4%). The grade 3 and 4 toxicities occurring in patients who received CRT were neutropenia (24%), thrombocytopenia (24%), diarrhea (18%), and nausea (12%). The median progression-free survival for all patients was 6 months (95% CI, 3.6-8.4), and the median overall survival was 11 months (95% CI, 8.16-13.84). Conclusions The CRT approach of this study is moderately active and has an acceptable toxicity profile. However, the incor-poration of combination CT into CRT at the present schedule could not produce any additional benefit over CRT alone. Newer agents with more systemic activity are clearly warranted.

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a type of soft-tissue sarcoma, often linked to poor survival. Although overexpression of enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) has been associated with poor prognosis in different tumors, a few studies investigated this link in SS. Here, we analyzed the relationship between EZH2 expression and prognostic factors in SS. We included 29 patients with SS. Immunostaining of EZH2 was performed with (D2C9) XPTM Rabbit mAb antibody, and the results were classified as low EZH2 expression (negative or weak expression) and high EZH2 expression category (moderate or strong expression). Analysis of survival in relation to prognostic factors was performed with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Our sample included 19/29 female and 10/29 male patients, with age range 16-63 years. The tumor diameter ranged from 2 to 15 cm. Necrosis was observed in 15/29 cases. Sixteen cases had >10 mitoses per 50 high-power fields (HPFs). Out of 29 cases, 14 showed low and 15 had high EZH2 expression. Statistically significant results were obtained for the association between the presence of metastasis and necrosis (p = 0.042), high EZH2 expression and distant metastasis (p = 0.018), high EZH2 expression and necrosis (p = 0.016), and high EZH2 expression and the tumor size >5 cm versus tumor size ≤5 cm (p = 0.014). Patients with all of the following: the tumor size ≤5 cm, low EZH2 expression, and without necrosis and distant metastasis had significantly longer survival time. Our results are consistent with previous studies, suggesting that EZH2 overexpression is an indicator of poor prognosis in SS.

Carcinoma arising from ectopic breast tissue, either supernumerary breast or aberrant breast tissue, is extremely rare. Carcinoma occurs more frequently in the ectopic breast tissue of the axilla than in extra-axillary ectopic breast tissue. Here we report a case of an invasive lobular carcinoma arising from extra-axillary ectopic breast tissue and presenting as a subcutaneous nodule.

NAD(P)H autofluorescence was used to verify establishment of metabolic anoxia using primary cultures of cortical neurons and astrocytes. Cells on cover slips were placed in a chamber and O(2) was displaced by continuous infusion of argon. Perfusion with medium at PO(2) < 0.4 mm Hg caused an increase in NAD(P)H fluorescence, albeit to levels lower than that obtained with cyanide. Addition of the nitric oxide-generating agent DETA-NO to the hypoxic medium further increased fluorescence to the level with cyanide. Fluorescence under anoxia remained high in the presence of glucose, but declined in neurons and not in astrocytes when glucose was substituted with 2-deoxyglucose. Reoxygenation of neurons resulted in a decline in fluorescence and a loss in fluorescent gradient between fully reduced and fully oxidized (plus respiratory uncoupler). We conclude that (1) DETA-NO is useful for generating metabolic anoxia in the presence of argon (2) Exogenous glucose is necessary to maintain NAD(P)H in a reduced state during metabolic anoxia in neurons but not astrocytes (3) Neurons undergo a partially irreversible decline in NAD(P)H fluorescence during metabolic anoxia and reoxygenation that could contribute to prolonged metabolic failure.

The present study was designed to determine the radioprotective effect of two phytochemicals, namely, quinic acid and chlorogenic acid, against X-ray irradiation-induced genomic instability in non-tumorigenic human blood lymphocytes. The protective ability of two phenolic acids against radiation-induced DNA damage was assessed using the alkaline comet assay in human blood lymphocytes isolated from two healthy human donors. A Siemens Mevatron MD2 (Siemens AG, USA, 1994) linear accelerator was used for irradiation. The results of the alkaline comet assay revealed that quinic acid and chlorogenic acid decreased the DNA damage induced by X-ray irradiation and provided a significant radioprotective effect. Quinic acid decreased the presence of irradiation-induced DNA damage by 5.99-53.57% and chlorogenic acid by 4.49-48.15%, as determined by the alkaline comet assay. The results show that quinic acid and chlorogenic acid may act as radioprotective compounds. Future studies should focus on determining the mechanism by which these phenolic acids provide radioprotection.

Molasses wastewater (vinasse; the by-product of distillation of fermented sugar) was decolorized and its chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced in static cultivation using the fungi Coriolus versicolor, Funalia trogii, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus pulmonarius ('Pleurotus sajorcaju'). The effect of cotton stalk on decolorizing and COD removing capability of four fungi was determined. In the entire concentration range tested (10-30%), wastewater was effectively decolorized by C. versicolor and F. trogii. Cotton stalk addition stimulated the decolorization activity of all fungi. The utilization of cotton stalk represents several advantages due to its function as an attachment place and as a source of nutrients; its use also reduces process costs.

Valproic acid (2-propyl-pentanoic acid, VPA) is the most widely prescribed antiepileptic drug due to its ability to treat a broad spectrum of seizure types. VPA exhibits various side effects such as organ toxicity, teratogenicity, and visual disturbances. S-Methylmethioninesulfonium is a derivative of the amino acid methionine and it is widely referred to as vitamin U (Vit U). This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Vit U on lens damage parameters of rats exposed to VPA. Female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Group I comprised control animals. Group II included control rats supplemented with Vit U (50 mg/kg/day) for 15 days. Group III was given only VPA (500 mg/kg/day) for 15 days. Group IV was given VPA + Vit U (in same dose and time). Vit U was given to rats by gavage and VPA was given intraperitoneally. On the 16th day of experiment, all the animals which were fasted overnight were killed. Lens was taken from animals, homogenized in 0.9% saline to make up to 10% (w/v) homogenate. The homogenates were used for protein, glutathione, lipid peroxidation levels, and antioxidant enzymes activities. Lens lipid peroxidation levels and aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities were increased in VPA group. On the other hand, glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione- S-transferase, and paraoxonase activities were decreased in VPA groups. Treatment with Vit U reversed these effects. This study showed that Vit U exerted antioxidant properties and may prevent lens damage caused by VPA.

White-rot fungi, Coriolus versicolor and Funalia trogii, produced laccase on media with diluted olive-oil mill wastewater and vinasse. Addition of spent cotton stalks enhanced the laccase activity with a maximum after 12 d of cultivation.

Aims and Background The status of the axillary lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis has been accepted as one of the most important prognostic factors for the overall and disease-free survival of patients with breast cancer. The aim of our study was to determine which factors influence axillary node involvement in invasive breast cancer. Methods The data presented here were obtained from 344 patients who were treated for invasive breast cancer at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Uludag University Medical College, Bursa, Turkey. Possible prognostic factors were categorized as patient related and tumor related. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for univariate analysis and logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results In univariate analysis, a familial cancer history (P = 0.0042), age Conclusions In conclusion, absence of familial cancer history, presence of lymphatic vessel invasion, higher T stage, and age below 40 years independently increased the risk of axillary node involvement. Presence of perineural invasion and lymphatic vessel invasion, age below 40, and an extensive intraductal component of more than 25% independently affected the risk of having ≥4 nodes involved. Patients characterized by these factors may be classified into a higher risk group for nodal involvement, but more data are needed to define factors that can help in the decision-making regarding the omission of axillary treatment.

The role of fungi in the treatment of wastewater has been extensively researched. Many genera of fungi have been employed for the dye decolourization either in living or dead form. In this study, the removal of an acidic dye, Indigo Carmine (IC), from an aqueous solution by biosorption on dead fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus, was investigated. The effects of contact time, initial dye concentration, amount of dead biomass, agitation rate and initial pH on dye removal have been determined. Experimental results show that an increase in the amount of dead biomass positively affected the dye removal. The highest removal was obtained at 150–200 rpm. Slightly lower removing activities were found at lower agitation rates. The dye adsorption effi ciency was not affected by pH except minor variation in the pH of 2–8. Color removal was observed to occur rapidly within 60 minutes. The removal of dye by dead biomass of P. ostreatus was clearly dependent on the initial dye concentration of the solution. Dye removal was reduced from 93% to 64% as concentration was increased from 50 to 500 mg/L Indigo Carmine. This study showed that it was possible to remove textile dyes by dead biomass of P. ostreatus.

Dead fungal biomass prepared from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Funalia trogii was tested for their efficiency in removal of textile dyes. The effects of contact time, initial dye concentration, amount of dead biomass and agitation rate on dye removal have been determined. Removal of all dyes required a very short time (60 min). Experimental results show that, P. chrysosporium was more effective than F. trogii. An increase in the amount of dead biomass positively affected of the dye removal. The removal efficiency of different amount of biomass was in order 1 g > 0.5 g > 0.2 g > 0.1 g. The highest removal was obtained at 150 – 200 rpm. Slightly lower removing activities were found at lower agitation rates. This study showed that it was possible to remove textile dyes by dead biomass of P. chrysosporium. Dyes are used in large quantities in many industries including textile, leather, cosmetics, paper, printing, plastic, pharmaceuticals, food, etc. to color their products (GARG et al. 2004). Over 10.000 dyes with an annual production over 7 × 10 5 metric tons worldwide are commercially available and 5–10% of the dyestuffs are lost in industrial effluents (WONG and YU 1999). These effluents from dye manufacturing and consuming industries are highly colored coupled with high chemical and biological demands (COD and BOD) and suspended solids. Discharge of such effluents imparts color to receiving streams and affects its aesthetic value. Color interferes with penetration of sunlight into waters, retards photosynthesis, inhibits the growth of aquatic biota and interferes with gas solubility in water

Laccase is among the major enzymes of white rot fungi involved in lignocellulose degradation. The present paper reports its production by two white rot fungi (Coriolus versicolor, Funalia trogii) under different nutritional conditions. Various synthetic culture media and natural culture medium (molasses wastewater) were tested. Enzyme production in various synthetic culture media, molasses wastewater (vinasse) culture medium and in the absence or presence of cotton stalk supplements showed that vinasse culture medium was a better laccase-inducer medium than the synthetic culture medium. Addition of cotton stalk to various media enhanced the enzyme production. The highest laccase activity was obtained in vinasse culture medium with cotton stalk.

We aimed to determine predictive factors affecting cosmetic results after breast conserving management in breast cancer. Data on 96 patients with 97 breast cancer cases, who had been admitted to Uludag University M.A. Radiotherapy Center between October 1995 and December 1998 and managed with breast-conserving treatment, were analysed to determine the factors affecting cosmetic outcome. Possible factors affecting cosmesis were grouped as patient-related, tumor-related and treatment-related. Mann–Whitney U test was used in univariate analyses whereas logistic regression was used in multivariate analyses. Median follow-up time was 29.5 months ranging between 11 and 53 months and median age at admission was 50 (range 22–84). Cosmetic results were grouped in five categories; excellent; good; fair; poor and, very poor, using criteria, such as presence of fibrosis, telangiectasia, shape of breast, asymmetry, status of areola, pigmentation. Treated breasts were scored by the patients, three radiation oncologists and a breast surgeon independently. In the analysis performed using scores given by the patients, cases with scores 3 and above (unsatisfactory) were compared with cases with scores below 3 (satisfactory). Eighty-two patients (84%) considered cosmetic result as satisfactory (excellent/good) whereas 15 patients (16%) considered unsatisfactory (fair/poor/very poor). In univariate analysis using Mann–Whitney U test, type of surgery ( P =0.0655) was the statistically significant factors affecting cosmetic results. In multivariate analysis using logistic regression, tumor quadrant ( P =0.0060) and elapsed radiation therapy days ( P =0.0090) were the most significant factors. Median values were taken into consideration for the scores given by the physicians and cases with scores 3 and above (unsatisfactory) were compared with cases with scores below 3 (satisfactory). Eighty-two cases were evaluated as satisfactory (84%) whereas 15 cases were unsatisfactory (16%). In this set of data, patient age ( P =0.0144), menopausal status ( P =0.0111), institution which surgery was performed ( P =0.0045), type of surgery ( P =0.0044), placement of metallic clips ( P =0.0083) and skin fibrosis ( P =0.038) were found to be significant in univariate analysis using Mann-Whitney U test. In multivariate analysis using logistic regression, institution where surgery took place ( P =0.0015), menopausal status ( P =0.0087) and telangiectasia ( P =0.0657) were the most significant factors.

Wastewater from olive oil mill was decolorized (and its chemical oxygen demand reduced in static cultivation) using the fungi Coriolus versicolor, Funalia trogii, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus sajor-caju. The effect of cotton stalk on decolorizing and COD removing capability was demonstrated. P. chrysosporium (in 20% medium with cotton stalk) reduced the COD by 48% and color by 58%, F. trogii (in 30% medium with cotton stalk)) by 51 and 55%, respectively.

Breast cancer in both spouses is extremely rare. There are 7 metachronous cases and 1 synchronous case in the English literature. No case has been reported in which 1 of the spouses had bilateral breast cancer. In this paper, we report a synchronous pair of cases where 1 of the spouses (wife) had bilateral breast cancer and the other (husband) had breast cancer.