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Rusların Türkistan’ı işgali ile başlayan süreçte en önemli hadiselerden birisi 1916’da meydana gelen isyanlardır. Türkistan’ın birçok şehrindeki olaylar Ruslar tarafından kanlı şekilde bastırılmış olup bu süreçte özellikle Kırgızların yaşadığı kıyım ve zorunlu göç “ürkün” adı ile tarihe geçmiştir. Bu dönem Kırgız milli uyanışının, uluslaşmasının simgesidir. Makaleye konu olan ve ürkünü anlatan mektup ise Osmanlı arşivlerinde yer almakta olup 1917 yılına aittir. Müellifi belli olmayan mektup “rapor” adı ile arşiv kayıtlarına alınmıştır. Yaklaşık yedi sayfalık Almanca mektup ve ekinde yer alan Fransızca çevirisi bu manada özgün bir metindir. Zira hadiselere ve Rusya Müslümanlarına dair Batı dünyası nezdinde kamuoyu yaratmayı amaçlayan yabancı dilde hazırlanmış bu rapor bildiğimiz kadarıyla bir ilk olma vasfını taşır. Bu makalede mektubun içeriğine değinilecek olup mektubu yazan kişilerin kimlikleri de dâhil olmak üzere neden Papa’ya gönderildiğine dair tahminlerimiz de yer almaktadır.

This study aims to determine the potential renal protective effects of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller (OFI) fruits against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. The antioxidant activity of OFI methanol extract was calculated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, the LC-mass spectroscopy (MS) analysis of the OFI fruit extract was carried out. Mice were treated with OFI extract (250 mg/kg) for 10 d and injected with a single dose of cisplatin (20 mg/kg) on the 7th day. The blood samples were collected to measure blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine level on the 10th day. Their kidneys were removed for histopathological examination. The renal morphological alterations were assessed through the mesangial matrix index and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The OFI fruit extract showed significant in vitro antioxidant activity. In further, it was revealed that the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice was ameliorated; this outcome was supported by both histological examination results and the depicted reduced levels of BUN and serum creatinine. The potent antioxidant compounds which were detected in the extract of OFI fruits such as myricetin, quercetin, luteolin might be responsible for the observed renoprotective effect. The results clarified that the OFI fruit extract could ameliorate cisplatin-induced renal toxicity in mice via including antioxidant and renoprotective compounds.

Objective: Puromycine aminonucleosidenephrosis (PAN) is extensively used as an experimental model of proteinuriafollowing podocyte injury. In PAN animal models, nephrotic syndrome withminimal change disease and focal segmental sclerosis-like nephritis isdemonstrated to be similar to that in human; however, the real mechanism of PANis not yet elucidated. Evidence shows that transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) plays a key via stimulating matrix protein synthesis of bothglomerular epithelial and mesangial cells. In this study, we aimed to examinethe relationship between TGF-β expression and accumulation in mesangial matrix(MM) by the changes in renal function and ultrastructure alterations in renalglomeruli of the chronic PAN induced rats.Methods: Twelve male Wistar albino ratswere divided into two groups: control group (n=6), chronic group (n=6). Alldata was statistically analyzed by One-way ANOVA Test. Results: Proteinuria levels in the chronicnephrosis groups were greater than the control (p, Amaç: Puromisin aminonükleozid nefroz(PAN), proteinüri ile seyreden podosit yaralanması modeli olarak yaygın birşekilde kullanılmaktadır. Deneysel olarak uyarılmış PAN hayvan modellerinde,minimal değişikliklere sahip insan nefrotik sendromu ve fokal segmentalglomerulosklerozdakine benzer histolojik değişiklikler gösterilmiş, ancak etkimekanizması tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar, çoğu kronik böbrekhasarlarında, ekstrasellüler matriks (ESM) birikiminin görüldüğü ve bu süreçtetransforming büyüme faktörü-β1 (TGF-β1)’in anahtar bir rol oynadığı gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada biz, kronik PAN uyarılı sıçanböbrek glomerüllerinde, TGF-β1 ekspresyonu ve mezangial matriks (MM) birikimiarasındaki ilişkiyi, böbrek fonksiyonu ve ultrastrüktürel değişikliklerleincelemeyi amaçladık. Yöntemler: Bu çalışma için 12 erkek Wistaralbino sıçan iki gruba ayrıldı: kontrol grubu ve kronik grup (n=6). Bütünveriler istatistiksel olarak One-way ANOVA testi ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Proteinüri seviyeleri kroniknefroz grubunda kontrolden yüksek (p

One of the most important hydrogeologic problems in and adjacent areas of evaporitic formations is severe quality degradation of groundwaters. These kinds of groundwaters contain high content of dissolved solids and generally have some limitations for use. Tatlicay basin (north-central Turkey) is an example to effects of the evaporites on groundwater quality in the adjacent alluvium aquifer. Gypsum and anhydrites in the two evaporite formations (Bayindir and Bozkir) effect of the groundwater quality in the alluvium adversely, by dissolution of the evaporites by surface drainage and infiltration into the alluvium aquifer (widespread effect) and by infiltration of low quality gypsum springs (local effect) into the aquifer. Evaporitic formations significantly increased EC, TDS, Ca and SO(4) parameters in the alluvium aquifer in the central and downstream regions. EC has increased roughly from 500-800 to 1,700-2,000 μS/cm, Ca has roughly increased from 3-4 to 10 meq/l, SO(4) has increased 0.5-1 to 11-12 meq/l. Consequently, three clusters were distinguished in the basin; (1) nonevaporitic waters in low TDS, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl and SO(4), (2) diluted waters in high TDS and relatively high Cl, moderate-relatively high Na, Ca, Mg, SO(4), (3) gypsum springs in highest TDS, Ca, SO(4), but moderate Mg and low Na, Cl.

Background In experimentally induced puromycine aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) animal models, nephrotic syndrome with minimal change disease and focal and segmental sclerosis-like nephritis similar to that in human is demonstrated; however, the real mechanism of PAN is not yet elucidated. Platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF), an endothelial mitogen protein, is believed to take part in microvessel formation and in stimulation of angiogenesis and its expression has not been totally demonstrated in PAN rats yet. In this study, we aimed to examine PD-ECGF expression in acute and chronic PAN induced in rats and find out the association between its expression and the stages of angiogenesis in kidney. Methods For the experiment, twenty-four Male Wistar Albino rats were used and divided into four groups; control group (n = 6), pre-proteinuria group (n = 6), acute group (n = 6) and chronic group (n = 6). We compared statistically all data by One-way ANOVA Test followed by Dunn Multiple Comparison Test. Results Proteinurea levels in control and pre-proteinuria groups were not statistically different; however, it was remarkably higher in the acute nephrosis group and significantly greater in the chronic nephrosis group than control group (p < 0.0025). In pre-proteinuria group, the serum albumin and creatinine clearances also did not significantly differ from the control group. On the other hand, in the acute and chronic nephrosis groups, serum albumin and creatinine clearances progressively decreased (p < 0.05). In our immunohistochemical studies, we showed elevated PD-ECGF expression in glomeruli of acute and chronic PAN rats. Microscopic and ultrastructural appearances of the glomeruli of acute and chronic PAN showed various sequential steps of angiogenesis, macrophages and immature capillaries with primitive lumens and apoptotic endothelial cells in the increased mesangial matrix. Conclusions It is reported that acute and chronic PAN progressively increase PD-ECGF expression and following induction of angiogenesis in the affected glomeruli.