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Darbeli Elektromanyetik Alan (PEMF) elektromanyetik alanların iyonlaştırıcı olmayan formlarından biri olup nörodejeneratif bozuklukların semptomlarının tedavisi gibi çeşitli tıbbi problemler için alternatif bir tedavi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, yüksek doz hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) ile muamele edilen insan nöroblastoma hücre hattında kısa süreli 75 Hz frekanslı PEMF maruziyetinin glutatyon (GSH) miktarına etkilerini araştırmaktır. Hücreler üç deneysel gruba ayrılmıştır: (I) sham-kontrol; (II) H2O2 ile muamele edilen hücreler; (III) H2O2 muamelesinin ardından PEMF'ye maruz bırakılan hücreler. Hücre canlılığı ve glutatyon miktarı sırasıyla spektrofotometrik ve Yüksek Performanslı Likit Kromatografi (HPLC) teknikleri kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Yüksek doz H2O2 ile muamele edilen nöroblastoma hücre hattında muamele sonrası PEMF maruziyetinin oksidatif stresin zararlı etkilerine karşı sitoprotektif etkisinin, hücre canlılığında ve GSH miktarında artış ile ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur.

The present study’s objective is to clarify the molecular mechanisms of tannic acid effects on the viability of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Tannic acid is stable for up to 48 h and is localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus. It dose-dependently inhibited the viability of CRC cell lines; SW-620 and HT-29 with IC 50 values of 7.2 ± 0.8 and 37.6 ± 1.4 µmol L–1. Besides, metastatic, invasive, and colony formation properties of CRC cells were significantly inhibited following the tannic acid treatment (p < 0.001). Tannic acid has been found to modulate enzyme, protein, and gene expressions of NQO1 in different levels and the upregulation of protein/gene expressions of p53 (p < 0.001), which leads the cells to trigger apoptosis. In conclusion, the present in vitro study may supply a significant background for in vivo studies in which the molecular mechanisms of antioxidant and chemopreventive activities of tannic acid will completely clarify.

A disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) proteinase family play an important role in many physiological and physiopathological processes such as the maintenance of locomotor system health in sport horses. In this study, we aimed to determine the changes of ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 levels in concour horses before and after exercise. The Oldenburg and Selle Français horse-breed types which are healthy, 6-15 years old, around 650-750 kg, and distinct genders were used (n=10). Following the physical examinations, the horses were subjected to 50 minutes of regular exercise program. Blood samples were collected into anticoagulant-free tubes in order to determine ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 mRNA expression and ELISA levels before and after exercise. There were no differences were observed statistically on ADAMTS-4, neither mRNA expression in spite of 25% downregulated, nor at the ELISA levels. On the other hand, ADAMTS-5 mRNA expression was upregulated 3.88 fold (p

The present study evaluated whether short-term exposure to different doses of 2.1 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) has different effects on rats' behaviour and hippocampal levels of central cholinergic biomarkers. Animals were divided into three equal groups namely; group 1 was sham-exposed group, group 2-3 were exposed to 45 V/m and 65 V/m doses of 2.1 GHz frequency for 1 week respectively. Numerical dosimetry simulations were carried out. Object location and Y-maze were used as behavioural tasks. The protein and mRNA expression levels of AChE, ChAT, and VAChT, in the hippocampus were tested using Western Blotting and Real-Time PCR. The impairment performance of rats subjected to 65 V/m dose of 2.1 GHz RF-EMR in both object location and Y-maze tasks was observed. The hippocampal levels of AChE, ChAT, and VAChT, were significantly lower in rats exposed to 65 V/m dose of 2.1 GHz RF-EMR than others. The stronger effect of "65 V/m" dose on both rat's hippocampal-dependent behavioural performances and hippocampal levels of cholinergic biomarkers may be due to the stronger effect of "65 V/m" dose where rats' snouts were located at the nearest distance from the monopole antenna. Furthermore, the simulated SAR values were high for 65 V/m electric-field strengths. For the first time, we report the potential dose-dependent effects of short-term exposure to 2.1 GHz radiation on rat's behavioural performances as well as hippocampal levels of cholinergic biomarkers. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms by which RF-EMR influences the function of the central cholinergic system in the brain.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of artichoke leaf extract (Cynara scolymus) in experimental obstructive jaundice. METHODS: Rats were separated into three groups, namely, sham, control, and artichoke leaf extract. Ischemia was created for 60 min, and then liver tissue and blood samples were taken at the 90th minute of reperfusion. Artichoke leaf extract was given at a 300 mg/kg dose 2 h before the operation. Antioxidant enzyme activities and biochemical parameters were examined from the tissue and serum. Histopathological findings of the liver were scored semiquantitatively. RESULTS: Antioxidant enzyme activities in the artichoke leaf extract group were statistically significantly higher than that in the other two groups. Biochemical parameters, which show hepatocellular damage, were found to be similar in both sham and artichoke leaf extract groups. Although the values in the sham group were higher than the artichoke group in terms of protein and gene expressions, no statistically significant difference was found between these two groups. Regarding the hepatocellular effects of obstructive jaundice, the artichoke leaf extract group showed lower scores than the control group in all histopathological scores. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that artichoke leaf extract had a hepatoprotective effect that was associated with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of artichoke leaf extract.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect and mechanism of action of artichoke leaf extract in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: Rats were divided into three groups such as sham, control, and artichoke leaf extract groups. Antioxidant enzyme activities and biochemical parameters were examined from the tissue and serum obtained from the subjects. Histopathological findings were scored semiquantitatively. RESULTS: Statistically, the antioxidant activity was highest in the artichoke leaf extract group, the difference in biochemical parameters and C-reactive protein was significant compared with the control group, and the histopathological positive effects were found to be significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS: As a result, artichoke leaf extract had a hepatoprotective effect and that this effect was related to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of artichoke.

PubMed: 31526236, Naringenin is considered as an important flavonoid in phytochemistry because of its important effect on cancer chemoprevention. Unfortunately its poor solubility has restricted its therapeutic applications. In this study, an efficient water-soluble fluorescent calix[4]arene (compound 5) was synthesized as host macromolecule to increase solubility and cytotoxicity in cancer cells of water-insoluble naringenin as well as to clarify localization of naringenin into the cells. Complex formed by host–guest interaction between compound 5 and naringenin was analyzed with UV–visible, fluorescence, FTIR spectroscopic techniques and molecular modeling studies. Stern–Volmer analysis showed binding constant value of Ksv 3.5 × 107 M?1 suggesting strong interaction between host and guest. Binding capacity shows 77% of naringenin was loaded on compound 5. Anticarcinogenic effects of naringenin complex were evaluated on human colorectal carcinoma cells (DLD-1) and it was found that 5-naringenin complex inhibits proliferation of DLD-1 cells 3.4-fold more compared to free naringenin. Fluorescence imaging studies show 5-naringenin complex was accumulated into the cytoplasm instead of the nucleus. Increased solubility and cytotoxicity of naringenin with fluorescent calix[4]arene makes it one of the potential candidates as a therapeutic enhancer. For deep understanding of host–guest interaction mechanisms, complementary multiscale molecular modeling studies were also carried out. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

The present study was designed to evaluate different doses of ellagic acid (EA)in vivoin rats for its potential to modulate hepatic phases I, II, and antioxidant enzymes. EA (10 or 30 mg/kg/day, intragastrically) was administered for 14 consecutive days, and activity, protein, and mRNA levels were determined. Although the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B and CYP2E enzyme activities were decreased significantly, the activities of all other enzymes were unchanged with the 10 mg/kg/day EA. In addition, western-blot and qRT-PCR results clearly corroborated the above enzyme expressions. On the other hand, while the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were increased significantly, CYP1A, 2B, 2C, 2E, and 19 enzyme activities were reduced significantly with 30 mg/kg/day EA. In addition, CYP2B, 2C6, 2E1, and 19 protein and mRNA levels were substantially decreased by the 30 mg/kg/day dose of EA, but the CYP1A protein, and mRNA levels were not changed. CYP3A enzyme activity, protein and mRNA levels were not altered by neither 10 nor 30 mg/kg/day ellagic acid. These results indicate that EA exerts a dose-dependent impact on the metabolism of chemical carcinogens and drugs by affecting the enzymes involved in xenobiotics activation/detoxification and antioxidant pathways.

WOS: 000386863500004, PubMed: 27749250, Expression of a drug and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, cytochrome P450s (CYPs), and antioxidant enzymes can"be modulated by various factors. The flavonoid rutin was investigated for its anti-carcinogen and protective effects as well as modulatory action on CYPs and phase II enzymes in human hepatocellular carcinoma cel ls. Rutin inhibited proliferation of HEPG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner with the IC50 value of 52.7 mu mol L-1 and invasion of HEPG2 cells (21.6 %, p = 0.0018) and colony formation of those invaded cells (57.4 %, p < 0.0001). Rutin treatment also significantly increased early/late-stage apoptosis in HEPG2 cells (28.9 %, p < 0.001). Treatment by rutin significantly inhibited protein expressions of cytochrome P450-dependent CYP3A4 (75.3 %, p < 0.0001), elevated CYP1A1 enzymes (1.7-fold, p = 0.0084) and increased protein expressions of antioxidant and phase II reaction catalyzing enzymes, NQO1 (2.42-fold, p < 0.0001) and GSTP1 (2.03-fold, p < 0.0001). Besides, rutin treatment significantly inhibited mRNA expression of CYP3A4 (73.2 %, p=0.0014). Also, CYP1A1, NQO1 and GSTP1 mRNA expressions were significantly increased 2.77-fold (p = 0.029), 4.85 fold (p = 0.0051) and 9.84-fold (p < 0.0001), respectively., Research Foundation of Selcuk UniversitySelcuk University [14401126], This work is supported by The Research Foundation of Selcuk University (project number: 14401126).

Context: Natural products have attracted increasing interests due to their use in flavoring, nutrition, cosmetics, pharmacy and medicine. Epilobium hirsutum L. (Onagraceae) is known for its analgesic, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activity. CYP1A1 and CYP2E1, xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, serve as a metabolic activation route yielding reactive metabolites that are eliminated by the action of NQO1 and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes. Objective: This study investigated in vivo effects of Epilobium hirsutum (EH) on CYP2E1, CYP1A1, NQO1 and GPx activities, protein and mRNA expressions in liver. Materials and methods: Male Wistar Albino rats were injected with EH at a dose of 37.5mg/kg i.p. daily for 9d. CYP2E1, CYP1A1, NQO1 and GPx activities, protein and mRNA levels were determined by enzyme assays, Western blotting and qPCR, respectively. Results: CYP1A1 associated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity of control and EH-treated animals were found as 6.54±1.21 and 4.48±1.67nmol/min/mg, respectively. CYP2E1 associated aniline 4-hydroxylase of control and EH group were 0.537±0.011 and 0.109±0.01nmol/min/mg, respectively. However, EH treatment increased the GPx and NQO1 activities from 0.069±0.015 to 0.107±0.026nmol/min/mg and from 163.34±92 to 588.3±14nmol/min/mg, respectively. Furthermore, protein and mRNA expression analysis revealed that CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 levels were decreased while those of NQO1 and GPx increased after EH treatment. Discussion and conclusion: Our current data suggest that the metabolism of xenobiotics, including drugs, may be altered due to changes in the expression and activity of these proteins by EH. © 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.