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Purpose: To describe the usefulness of the magnetic resonance imaging–determined subretinal fluid volume to evaluate the therapeutic effect on the retinal detachment caused by uveitis with the clouded media. Methods: We obtained the images by half-Fourier single-shot rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement magnetic resonance imaging using a microscopy coil. We measured the area of subretinal fluid on each image and calculated the volume of subretinal fluid by multiplying the total area by the slice thickness. Results: A 56-year-old male who had lost his central visual field developed bullous retinal detachment in both eyes associated with uveitis. We treated him with steroid pulse therapy. We could not accurately evaluate the improvement of retinal detachment by ophthalmoscopy and ultrasonography as a result of the clouded media. We measured the volume of the subretinal fluid using magnetic resonance imagings. The volume of the subretinal fluid was observed to gradually decrease. These methods enable us to obtain clear magnetic resonance images within 2 seconds per slice. The reproducibility of the volumetry obtained by magnetic resonance imaging was excellent. Conclusion: The adaptation of half-Fourier single-shot relaxation enhancement imaging performed with a surface coil makes it possible to evaluate the volumetry of a targeted space while also being useful for evaluating the effect of the treatment.

Purpose: To report the clinical manifestations and therapeutic outcomes of retinoblastoma during 16 years. Methods: Forty-three eyes of 34 patients with retinoblastoma from 1996 to 2011 were retrospectively examined for eye preservation rates based on the disease stage, and the treatment outcomes between monocular and binocular cases were compared. In addition, the relationship between age at initial examination and disease stage and the difference of age at enucleation with or without preservation therapy were examined. Results: Twenty-five patients had monocular retinoblastoma and 9 patients had binocular retinoblastoma. Three patients had a family history of retinoblastoma. The mean observation period was 106.6 ± 53.0 months. Median age at initial examination was 13.5 months. There was no correlation between age at initial examination and disease stage. Preservation therapy was performed for 24 eyes. Nineteen eyes were enucleated without performing preservation therapy. There was a significant difference in age at enucleation between the preservation therapy group (finally enucleated 13 eyes, median = 30.0 months) and the non-preservation therapy group (19 eyes, median = 13.0 months). Eye preservation rates according to the International Classification of Retinoblastoma (ICRB) were as follows: 100% for group B, 100% for group C, 33% for group D, and 0% for group E. In eyes with ICRB group D, the ratio of induction with preservation therapy was 50% of monocular cases and 75% of binocular cases. Conclusions: Preservation therapy was able to significantly delay enucleation. Eye preservation therapy was performed for a higher proportion of advanced cases among binocular cases than among monocular cases. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(4):222–229.]

SummaryBackgroundIntussusception is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in young children. The pathogenesis of intussusception is still not well understood. In this study the pathogens from stool specimens were investigated in children with intussusception.MethodsPatients diagnosed with primary idiopathic intussusception were enrolled. Pathogenic bacteria and viruses were detected in the stool samples by routine culture, cell culture, polymerase chain reaction, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme immunoassay, and electron microscopy examinations.ResultsA total of 71 samples were analyzed during the 2-year study period. The patients ranged in age from 4 to 47 months. Viruses were detected in 56 of the 71 stool samples (78.9%). Adenovirus was found in 19 of 35 cases aged