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BACKGROUND: Gembili or Dioscorea esculenta is a local food that is produced by several areas in Indonesia. Few studies have reported its health benefits for diabetes mellitus but a little is understood about its mechanism of action. PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator for genes that involved in energy metabolism and increased expression of this gene has previously been associated with improved insulin sensitivity. AIM: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Gembili starch and Gembili starch with butirogenic bacteria Eubacterium rectal on PGC-1α expression in skeletal muscle of diabetic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three months old male diabetic Wistar mice were divided into groups based on dietary supplement: Gembili starch only; Gembili starch with E. rectal; and E. rectal only. Positive (diabetic mice) and negative (non-diabetic) control groups were used in this study. After 4 weeks of supplementation, mice were sacrificed and muscle tissue was taken from musculus vastus latissimus. Plasma blood glucose was measured before and after intervention. PGC-1α expression was measured with immunohistochemistry and quantified by dividing cells that produce PGC-1α with total cells. RESULTS: Plasma blood glucose was reduced after invention in group that received Gembili starch only (p < 0.001); Gembili starch with E. rectal (p < 0.001); and E. rectal only (p < 0.001). The protein expression of PGC-1α in diabetic mice receiving Gembili starch only was significantly higher compared to control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study shown that Gembili starch supplementation was able to improve glucose control in diabetic mice and this effect was obtained perhaps through PGC-1α activation. Further study is needed to investigate the effect of Gembili starch supplementation on fat metabolism.

BACKGROUND: Breast care is an important routine during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Its absence leads to inadequate milk production before and after childbirth. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the status of breast care during pregnancy, which is related to milk production and disease after childbirth in the Tinggede Health Center, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. METHODS: The method used was an analytic survey with a cross-sectional approach and the samples were 82 breastfeeding mothers in the working area of the Tinggede Health Center. The sampling used a total population, and data were obtained by interview and observation. Furthermore, the analysis technique used Chi-Square. RESULTS: The results showed there was a relationship between breast care during pregnancy with milk production (p = 0.001), and breast care status with a disease (p = 0.012). The common diseases suffered by breastfeeding mothers due to inadequate care are non-protruding nipples, infections, blocked milk ducts, mastitis, and lumps. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding mothers’ failure to care for their breasts during pregnancy can lead to lack of milk production and diseases such as non-protruding nipples, infections, blocked milk ducts, mastitis, and lumps.

BACKGROUND: District with the highest stunting prevalence in Central Sulawesi province is Sigi District by about 43.0%. Its birthrate is 3.2 and the first marriage age is 19.9 years old. AIM: This study analyzed various relationships between family planning behaviors of early married couples with births and stunting, as well as its connection with baby care (colostrum, exclusive breastfeeding, completeness of immunization, supplementary feeding, and breastfeeding for up to 2 years old). In addition, it will describe family planning behaviors and baby care in a gender perspective as well. METHODS: The sample of this study was 40 early married couples in the last 3 years in the area of Marawola Health Center in Sigi District. Data analysis used Chi-square and Mouser to see the gender relationship gap in the choice of contraception and baby care. RESULTS: There was a relationship between family planning behavior and birth with p = 0.001, a large parity with the incidence of stunting with p = 0.002. Likewise, there was also a relationship between baby care (colostrum of p = 0.0016, exclusive breastfeeding of p = 0.003, completeness of immunization of p = 0.003, supplementary feeding of p = 0.00, and breast milk up to 2 years of p = 0.00) and the occurrence of stunting in early married couples. The idea of family planning and child care is still dominated by wives, from the stages of planning, decision making, and implementation. Gaps occur because of unbalanced power relations. CONCLUSION: Family planning behavior and baby care (colostrum, exclusive breastfeeding, completeness of immunization, supplementary feeding, and breastfeeding for up to 2 years) affect the incidence of stunting in early married couples. The use of family planning and child care is still a gender gap which is dominated by wives.

Objective This study aims to determine the level of risk management and reduction of health risks from exposure to phenol and arsenic in drinking water, environmental management improvement the quality of health Kokoda communities. Method This observational study analysis of environmental health risks. The sample was 100 people who have been based on the specified criteria. Data collected through environmental observation, an examination of water samples and questionnaires. Determination of phenol and arsenic using AAS methods. Results Phenol concentration in surface waters is 0.193 mg/L, the average concentration of phenol in the underground water 0.1268 mg/L while the concentration of arsenic in surface water and underground water is 0.01 mg/L. Conclusion Risk level of non-carcinogenic effect suggests that the rate of water consumption as well as the duration of exposure is very influential on the level of public health risk.

Objective The purpose of this research is to know the factors related to the habit of smoking in children aged 6–17 years in the work area Talise Health Center, Mantikulore Sub-district, Palu City. Methods This type of research is quantitative with cross sectional study approach, sampling using purposive sampling method. The number of samples on this study was 91 respondents. Data collection is done using a questionnaire with a Guttman scale. The data obtained is analyzed statistically using the chi-square test. Results The results showed that there was a knowledge relationship (p = 0.028), facilities and infrastructures (p = 0.000), family environment (p = 0.047), and cigarette advertising policies (p = 0.000), with smoking habits in children aged 6–17 years in the working area of Talise Health Center, Mantikulore Sub-district, Palu City. Conclusions In order to prevent the child's smoking habit, it is necessary to provide understanding about the dangers of cigarettes, teach the child about healthy and non-smoking behavior, give aspects of subjective norms, and teach about how to control himself not to smoke.

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of extract of Moringa leaves extract to reduce the incidence of anemia by measuring hemoglobin level (Hb), upper arm circumference (UAC) and body weight (BW) on post-disaster pregnant women. It also aimed to determine the effect of moringa leaves extract on Hb level, UAC and BW of pregnant women. Method This research used a quasi experiment with a randomized controlled double blind design. A sample of 40 pregnant women were divided into two groups, namely the intervention group of 20 people and the control group of 20 people. The intervention group was given capsules of Moringa leaf extract and iron capsules every day. The control group was only given iron capsules. Result The characteristics of respondents in the two groups before intervention and put it before were not different. To show there is a difference after the intervention, the Hb level of pregnant women in the intervention group significantly increased compared to the control group (p = 0.000). Similarly the UAC and BW are higher in intervention group than that in control (p = 0.033). This means that the data were significantly different (p = 0.040). Conclusion The conclusion was that moringa leaf extract has an effect on increasing HB level, UAC and BW of post-disaster pregnant women in the area of Tinggede Health Center, Sigi District. Moringa leaf extract is suggested as an alternative supplement to overcome anemia on post-disaster pregnant women.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants of smoking behavior of elderly women (Ethnic Kaili) in the city of Palu. Method This type of research is quantitative with an observational study using a cross sectional study design. A sample of 90 respondents with purposive sampling technique and analyzed using the chi square test. The data collection tool uses a questionnaire. Results The result showed that age (p = 0.010), education (p = 0.013), and employment (p = 0.004), and socio-culture (p = 0.001), were determinants of smoking behavior of elderly women in Palu City. Conclusion Culture, economic status, education, and employment are determinants of smoking behavior of elderly women (Ethnic Kaili) in Palu City. It is recommended to the relevant agencies to increase the frequency of health education about the dangers of cigarettes, and maximize health promotion media about the dangers of smoking, especially for the elderly.

Objective Elderly is the age group that is vulnerable to environmental change. These changes take effect quality of life and health of the elderly. This research aims to analyze the determinant factors related to the quality of life of elderly in post disaster. Method This research is observational research analytic with approach cross-sectional. Research conducted in the city of Palu on the elderly who are affected, the tsunami and earthquake disaster in September 2018. As many as 112 elderly. Results The results showed as much as 42% of elderly with a poor quality of life. There is a significant relationship between the status of social relations (p = 0.005), education (p = 0.000), marital status (p = 0.005) and a history of falls (p = 0.005) and quality of life of elderly victims of natural disasters is bad. Conclusion Social dysfunction, low educational status, the status is not married; a history of falls, related to the quality of life of the elderly is bad.

Objective This study aims to know relationship the number of pregnancies with LBW in Anutapura Hospital in Palu in 2016. Method Using analytic method with case–control approach. Samples were obtained by accidental sampling. Samples are 80 in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research instrument using a medical record of patients. Data analysis using Chi-square. Results Primigravida who delivered babies with LBW were 15 (37.52%) and not LBW as much as 25 (62.5%). Multigravidas gave birth to babies with LBW as much as 6 (15%) and those who did not have LBW as much as 34 (85%). Statistical tests showed association between the number of pregnancies with LBW incidence (P = 0.02). The results showed that primigravida was a risk factor for LBW incidence with an odds ratio of 3.4 so that it could be primigravida mothers were 3.4 times more at risk for giving birth to children with low birth weight. Conclusion There is a relationship of number pregnancy with LBW, that the lower the number of pregnancies the more risk for the occurrence of LBW.

Objective Stunting (dwarf) is a problem of chronic malnutrition, in which the children have smaller length or height for age. From the basic health research (Riskesdas) in 2018, the prevalence of stunting in the national scope was 30.8% and in Sigi is still above the national rate of 36.4%. This study aims to determinants the risk factor for stunting in the Kinovaro Sigi Health Center, Central Sulawesi. Methods This study is a survey analytic method, with a cross sectional. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The research data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. Results The relationship between risk factor of immunization history and incidence of stunting events showed p-value = 0.036 (OR 0.189 with 95% CI, 0.036–0.996), exclusive breastfeeding history showed p-value = 0.002 (OR 0.082 with 95% CI, 0.015–0.448), history of infectious diseases showed p-value = 0.005 (OR 9.375 with 95% CI, 1.748–50.286), and history of LBW showed p-value = 0.037 (OR 5.294 with 95% CI, 1.004–27.927). Conclusion These risk factors are related to the incidence of stunting and contribute 56.9% in influencing the occurrence of stunting.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to see of the back massage EPRO (Effleurage Pressure Rotation) method on blood pressure in hypertension patients. Method This is a quantitative quazi experiment design study using a pre and post test design without control design to provide Back Massage EPRO Method for respondents who use mild hypertension, then used T-test analyze to see the combination of back massage EPRO method to the risk of hypertension and then described according to the results obtained. Results There was a significant difference in systolic blood pressure after back massage with a p value Conclusion Back Massage EPRO method is very influential on reducing blood pressure in both systole and diastole.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the socio-economic conditions and the public health in Palu Tsunami-affected communities in the temporary housing are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 AIM: This study aims to examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the stress level of the tsunami-affected communities, the solutions that they adopt for dealing with this situation, and whether they obey the COVID-19 protocols in the process METHOD: This study used an analytical survey method and the respondents consisted of 170 households affected by the tsunami living in temporary housing in Lere, Palu City, Indonesia The data were collected through interviews and the stress level was measured using the DASS-42 The data were then analyzed using the paired t-test and percentage RESULTS: The data from the DASS-42 questionnaire show that the percentages of people with mild, moderate, and severe stress were 35%, 60%, and 5%, respectively The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the stress level of the communities living in temporary housing in Palu (losing jobs with p = 0 002, decreasing income with p = 0 0016, no job vacancy with p = 0 0012, reduced government assistance duringthe pandemicwith p = 0 000, and uncertainty over the end of the pandemic with p = 0 001) Some of the strategies used to cope with this condition include socializing with neighbors (100%), working together (40%), breaking the Ramadan fast together (100%), attending congregational prayers (100%), and promoting mutual cooperation (100%) However, they did not obey the COVID-19 protocols while doing these activities as they did not wear a mask (100%), do physical distancing (100%), wash their hands (100%), and nor follow stay-at-home orders (100%) CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the stress level of the tsunami-affected communities in temporary housing in Palu, Indonesia The solutions for dealing with this include socializing with neighbors, working together, breaking the Ramadan fast together, attending congregational prayers, and promoting mutual cooperation These communities, however, did not obey the COVID-19 protocols © 2021 Rosmala Nur, Ulfa Aulia, Muh Ryman Nafirah, Vidiyanto, Muthia Aryuni, Syaiful Hendra, Hajra Rasmita Ngemba, Muh Rusydi

Background and objective: Perinatal death is fetal death at 28 weeks of gestation or more and infant mortality in the first 7 days of life. WHO data in 2015 showed that 4.5 million babies died in the first year of life. This study aimed to find out the risk factors for perinatal death at Anutapura General Hospital (RSU) of Palu in 2018. Methods: The method used was observational research with a case control approach. The case subject was mothers who had perinatal death and the control group was mothers of infants who did not experience perinatal death. There were 22 case samples and 88 controls with baby age matching. Sampling was done by simple random sampling technique. Results: Data analysis used odds ratio test with α = 5%. The results showed that Asphyxia (OR = 3.988 and CI = 1.097-14.501), Low Birth Weight (LBW) (OR = 2.100 and CI = 0.800-5.510) and Congenital Abnormalities (OR = 5.190 and CI = 3.534-7.623). Conclusions: Asphyxia, LBW, and Congenital Abnormalities are risk factors causing perinatal death. Recommendations: The mothers are expected to get early familiarization regarding the signs in pregnancy, increase ANC visits to control maternal and fetal health and pregnancy planning.