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Residual levels and temporal–spatial distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in dustfall were studied at the seasonal scale between June 2010 and May 2011 in the fifth largest shallow lake in China. PAHs flux of atmospheric deposition and the impact on the PAHs in the lake water column were estimated. The major sources of PAHs were identified by multiple methods. We found that (1) the seasonal residual levels of 16 priority controlled PAHs (PAH16) were spring (8.89 ± 3.93 μg g−1) > summer (6.68 ± 4.31 μg g−1) > winter (6.06 ± 2.95 μg g−1) > autumn (3.55 ± 2.21 μg g−1). (2) Significant positive correlations were found between the PAH levels in the dustfall and the suspended particle material (SPM) content, as well as between the deposition flux and the PAH content in the water in all four seasons. (3) Vehicle emissions, coal combustion, biomass combustion, and coke ovens were the four major sources in Lake Chaohu, accounting for 12.7%, 40.9%, 14.5%, and 31.9% of the total PAHs, respectively. (4) Compared to long-distance trajectories, short-distance trajectories played a more important role in the external sources of atmospheric PAHs in the region of Lake Chaohu.

Through exploration of the non-highly conserved allosteric hydrophobic pocket generated by DFG-out shifting in the inactive conformation, we discovered a highly selective type II PDGFRα kinase inhibitor 15i (CHMFL-PDGFRα-159), which exhibited strong potency against purified PDGFRα (IC50: 132 nM) but not structurally similar PDGFRβ, ABL, c-KIT and VEGFR2 kinases. In addition, it displayed a high selectivity profile (S score (10) = 0.02) at the concentration of 1 μM among 468 kinases/mutants in the KINOMEscan profiling. X-ray crystal structure of 15i in complex with PDGFRα revealed a distinct binding feature in the allosteric hydrophobic pocket which might help to expand the diversity of type II kinase inhibitors. Compound 15i potently inhibited the proliferation of PDGFRα driving Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia (CEL) cell line EOL-1 through strong blockage of PDGFRα mediated signaling pathways, arresting cell cycle progression, and induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, compound 15i effectively suppressed the EOL-1 tumor progression in the xenograft model and increased the survival rate in the engraftment tumor model.

STK16, a serine/threonine protein kinase, is ubiquitously expressed and is conserved among all eukaryotes. STK16 has been implicated to function in a variety of cellular processes such as VEGF and cargo secretion, but the pathways through which these effects are mediated remain to be elucidated. Through screening of our focused library of kinase inhibitors, we discovered a highly selective ATP competitive inhibitor, STK16-IN-1, which exhibits potent inhibitory activity against STK16 kinase (IC50: 0.295 μM) with excellent selectivity across the kinome as assessed using the KinomeScan profiling assay (S score (1) = 0.0). In MCF-7 cells, treatment with STK16-IN-1 results in a reduction in cell number and accumulation of binucleated cells, which can be recapitulated by RNAi knockdown of STK16. Co-treatment of STK16-IN-1 with chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin, doxorubicin, colchicine, and paclitaxel results in a slight potentiation of the antiproliferative effects of the chemotherapeutics. STK16-IN-1 provides a useful tool compound for further elucidating the biological functions of STK16.

Microsorum pteropus has been proven to be a potential novel aquatic Cd hyperaccumulator. In this study, Non-invasive Micro-test Technology (NMT) was used to observe the ion fluxes of different M. pteropus tissues under Cd exposure. M. pteropus can hyperaccumulate more than 1000 mg/kg Cd in roots and leaves and approximately 600 mg/kg Cd in stems after seven days of exposure to 500 μM Cd, showing that this plant have a great capacity for Cd enrichment and resistance. The NMT test found H+ fluxes increased in all tissues after Cd exposure, with the largest increases being observed in stems, followed by the leaves and roots. Cd2+ fluxes showed different accumulation levels in different tissues, with low-level Cd exposure leading to influxes into roots and leaves, and high-level Cd exposure resulting in effluxes from roots. No significant influxes or effluxes were observed in leaves under high-level Cd exposure, or in stems under low- and high-levels of Cd exposure. However, transient high-level Cd exposure showed long-term Cd2+ influxes into roots and short-term Cd2+ effluxes out of stems and leaves. The roots of M. pteropus had greater regulation mechanisms for Cd enrichment and resistance, with influxes occurring following low-level exposure and effluxes occurring from high-level exposure. When exposed to Cd, M. pteropus stems showed less transportation and absorption. Low-level Cd exposure resulted in individual leaves directly absorbing Cd from hydroponic solutions. Different Cd enrichment and resistance mechanisms were exhibited by different M. pteropus tissues.

The residual levels of phthalate esters (PAEs) in the surface and two core sediments from Lake Chaohu were measured with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The temporal-spatial distributions, compositions of PAEs, and their effecting factors were investigated. The results indicated that di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were three dominant PAE components in both the surface and core sediments. The residual level of total detected PAEs (∑PAEs) in the surface sediments (2.146 ± 2.255 μg/g dw) was lower than that in the western core sediments (10.615 ± 9.733 μg/g) and in the eastern core sediments (5.109 ± 4.741 μg/g). The average content of ∑PAEs in the surface sediments from the inflow rivers (4.128 ± 1.738 μg/g dw) was an order of magnitude higher than those from the lake (0.323 ± 0.093 μg/g dw), and there were similar PAE compositions between the lake and inflow rivers. This finding means that there were important effects of PAE input from the inflow rivers on the compositions and distributions of PAEs in the surface sediments. An increasing trend was found for the residual levels of ΣPAEs, DnBP, and DIBP from the bottom to the surface in both the western and eastern core sediments. Increasing PAE usage with the population growth, urbanization, and industrial and agricultural development in Lake Chaohu watershed would result in the increasing production of PAEs and their resulting presence in the sediments. The significant positive relationships were also found between the PAE contents and the percentage of sand particles, as well as TOC contents in the sediment cores.

To investigate the residues, compositions, distributions and potential ecological risks of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), water samples were collected seasonally between August 2011 and November 2012 from 20 sites in Lake Chaohu and its tributary rivers. The mean concentration of total PFAAs (TPFAAs) was 14.46 ± 6.84 ng/L. PFOA was the predominant contaminant (8.62 ± 4.40 ng/L), followed by PFBA (2.04 ± 1.16 ng/L) and PFHxA (1.23 ± 1.50 ng/L). The TPFAAs concentrations peaked in August 2012 in each area, except for the western river. The opposite spatial trends were found for PFOA and PFOS in both the lake and river areas. Except for PFOS and PFUdA, the levels of TPFAAs and PFAAs were significantly related to the composition of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) but not related to total DOM expressed by dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The risk of PFOS determined by a species sensitivity distribution model was notably above that of PFOA.

Residual levels of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in seven species of aquatic animals were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The distribution, composition, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification of PFAAs and their effect factors were studied. The results showed that: 1) Wet weight concentrations of 17 PFAAs in the aquatic animals ranged from 1.77 to 38.65 ng/g, with a mean value of 12.71 ± 9.21 ng/g. PFOS was the predominant contaminant (4.57 ± 4.57 ng/g, 6.76%–46.25%), followed by PFDA (1.95 ± 1.37 ng/g, 11.68%–21.25%) and PFUdA (1.84 ± 1.21 ng/g, 9.73%–35.34%. 2) PFAA residual levels in Culter erythropterus (30.98 ± 6.65 ng/g) were the highest, followed by Hemibarbus maculatus (16.79 ± 1.88 ng/g), while the PFAA levels in Carassius auratus were the lowest (2.22 ± 0.60 ng/g). 3) Biota-water bioaccumulation factors (BAFs), biota-suspended solid accumulation factors (BSSAFs) and biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) ranged from 0.35 to 12,370.51, 7.77 to 8452.92 and 9.10 to 6984.61, respectively. Bioaccumulation by shrimp and snails was significantly affected by Kow. 4) Food web magnification factors were greater than 1, indicating that biomagnification of PFAAs occurs across trophic levels. The bioaccumulation and biomagnification of PFAAs were significantly correlated with carbon chain length.

This paper studies air defense system kill zone, air ship missile firing mode and air ship missile launch area that impact air ship missile load matrix determine key problems, establishes air ship missile carrier array’s mathematics model, makes simulation calculation of the model, and analyzes simulation results, and gets the influence law of vehicle speed, height, target motion characteristics, deviation angle and pitching angle on attack matrix, and the results can provide reference for determining air ship missile carrier aircraft attack array.

This paper analyses the process of AWACS aircraft supporting fighter plane with the implementation of air blockade. On the basis of it, model fighter plane blockade combat, establish the hit probability model for solving fighter air regional blockade, do experiments by using this model, adopt orthogonal experiment for design to reduce complexity, get the key factors influencing fighter blockade combat by further combination of analytic method and simulation analysis, carry on importance analysis, and finally put forward that the first selection of combat forces configuration index are external probe and target designation information transmission delay.

Sneak Circuit Analysis (SCA) is a technical means. It can solve practical problems in engineering, provide security of the system. To solve the problems of traversal qualitative for sneak circuit analysis, the importance of switch nodes in circuit network was proposed based on the quantitative analysis model of sneak circuit. Quantitative models for sneak circuit analysis were established and the circuit network's composition method was determined based on circuit topologies and line information. Because of the limitation of full traversal method, polycondensation degree was applied to evaluate node importance in sneak circuit analysis. The importance of switch nodes was recognized by taking degree of polycondensation as an evaluation indicator. Key nodes take core analysis algorithms and the other nodes use adding analysis algorithms. To illustrate the effectiveness of this method, emulation of switches’ state was taken as the example of sneak circuit compared with traditional methods of identifying node importance such as node degree and betweenness.

Atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were monitored monthly from 2010 to 2013 at rural and urban sites near a large shallow Chinese lake (Lake Chaohu). The urban areas had higher air PBDEs than the rural areas because of endogenic pollution. The highest and lowest concentrations of Σ13BDEs were observed in the winter and in the summer, respectively. A weak temperature dependence and significant positive correlations between certain PBDE congeners and the PM10 (p

The residual levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere and in dissolved phase from Lake Chaohu were measured by (GC-MS). The composition and seasonal variation were investigated. The diffusive air-water exchange flux was estimated by a two-film model, and the uncertainty in the flux calculations and the sensitivity of the parameters were evaluated. The following results were obtained: (1) the average residual levels of all PAHs (PAH16) in the atmosphere from Lake Chaohu were 60.85±46.17 ng m(-3) in the gaseous phase and 14.32±23.82 ng m(-3) in the particulate phase. The dissolved PAH16 level was 173.46±132.89 ng L(-1). (2) The seasonal variation of average PAH16 contents ranged from 43.09±33.20 ng m(-3) (summer) to 137.47±41.69 ng m(-3) (winter) in gaseous phase, from 6.62±2.72 ng m(-3) (summer) to 56.13±22.99 ng m(-3) (winter) in particulate phase, and 142.68±74.68 ng L(-1) (winter) to 360.00±176.60 ng L(-1) (summer) in water samples. Obvious seasonal trends of PAH16 concentrations were found in the atmosphere and water. The values of PAH16 for both the atmosphere and the water were significantly correlated with temperature. (3) The monthly diffusive air-water exchange flux of total PAH16 ranged from -1.77×10(4) ng m(-2) d(-1) to 1.11×10(5) ng m(-2) d(-1), with an average value of 3.45×10(4) ng m(-2) d(-1). (4) The results of a Monte Carlo simulation showed that the monthly average PAH fluxes ranged from -3.4×10(3) ng m(-2) d(-1) to 1.6×10(4) ng m(-2) d(-1) throughout the year, and the uncertainties for individual PAHs were compared. (5) According to the sensitivity analysis, the concentrations of dissolved and gaseous phase PAHs were the two most important factors affecting the results of the flux calculations.

The tissue and organs (muscle, brain, liver, and gill) of four species of freshwater fish from Lake Baiyangdian were analyzed for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs). The distribution characteristics were analyzed for HCHs and DDTs in various tissue and organs, which determined the health risks for humans. The research results showed that the wet weight content of all HCHs (∑HCHs) ranged from 0.05 ∼ 14.53 ng g(-1), with a mean of 3.47 ng g(-1). The wet weight content of all DDTs (∑DDTs) ranged from ND to 8.51 ng g(-1), with a mean of 2.41 ng g(-1). For the various species of fish, the residual level of ∑HCHs was relatively higher in chub and grass carp and lowest in snakehead. The residual level of ∑DDTs was the highest in snakehead and did not exhibit a significant variance in the other three species. For the various tissues and organs, the contents of HCHs and DDTs were both highest in the fish liver, second highest in the fish gill, and lowest in the fish brain and muscle. Among the four types of isomers, the residual level of γ-HCH was relatively higher, while the residual level of α-HCH was the lowest. The content of p,p'-DDE was significantly greater to other forms of DDT and its isomer. The residual levels of HCHs and DDTs in fish were both below the national standard. However, the carcinogenic risk from the HCHs in parts of the tissue and organs of four fish species in Lake Baiyangdian exceeded the screen value threshold set by USEPA.

The levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the water, suspended solids, and sediments from Lake Chaohu during the high water level period were measured by a solid-phase extraction gas chromatograph–electron capture detector. The spatial distributions of the three phases and the water/suspended solids and sediment/water partition coefficients were analyzed. The results showed the following: (1) The mean contents of OCPs in the water, suspended solids, and sediments were 132.4 ± 432.1 ng/L, 188.1 ± 286.7 ng/g dry weight (dw), and 13.7 ± 9.8 ng/g dw, respectively. The dominant OCP components were isodrin (85.1 %) for the water, DDTs (64.4 %) for the suspended solids, and both isodrin (48.5 %) and DDTs (31.8 %) for the sediments. (2) β-HCH was the primary isomer of HCHs in the water and sediments, and the proportions were 61.7 and 41.3 %; γ-HCH was the primary isomer in the suspended solids, accounting for 49.3 %; p,p′-DDT was the dominant content of DDTs in the water and suspended solids, whereas p,p′-DDD was the main metabolite of DDTs in the sediments. (3) The concentrations of contaminants in the water from the western lake were greater than those from the eastern lake, but the concentrations in the suspended solids from the western lake were less than those from the eastern lake. (4) There was no significant correlation between the water–suspended solids partition coefficient Kd and the n-octanol–water partition coefficient Kow, and between the sediment–water organic-C weighted sorption coefficients Koc and Kow.

The temporal-spatial distributions of DDT-related contaminants (DDXs), including DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) and DDD (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane), in the sediments of Lake Chaohu and their influencing factors were studied. p,p-DDE and p,p-DDD were found to be the two dominant components of DDXs in both surface and core sediments. The parent DDT compounds were still detectable in sediment cores after the late 1930s. Historical usage of technical DDT was identified as the primary source of DDXs in sediments, as indicated by DDT/(DDD + DDE) ratios of less than one. The residual levels of DDXs were higher in the surface and core sediments in the western lake area than in other lake areas, which might be due to the combined inflow effects of municipal sewage, industrial wastewater and agricultural runoff. The DDX residues in the sediment cores reached peak values in the late 1970s or early 1980s. There were significant positive relationships between DDX residues in sediment cores with annual DDT production and with fine particulate sizes (

In the shallow lakes, the partitioning of organic contaminants into the water phase from the solid phase might pose a potential hazard to both benthic and planktonic organisms, which would further damage aquatic ecosystems. This study determined the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and phthalate esters (PAEs) in both the sediment and the pore water from Lake Chaohu and calculated the sediment – pore water partition coefficient (KD) and the organic carbon normalized sediment – pore water partition coefficient (KOC), and explored the effects of particle size, organic matter content, and parallel factor fluorescent organic matter (PARAFAC-FOM) on KD. The results showed that log KD values of PAHs (2.61–3.94) and OCPs (1.75–3.05) were significantly lower than that of PAEs (4.13–5.05) (p PAHs (4.61–5.86) > OCPs (3.62–4.97). A modified MCI model can predict KOC values in a range of log 1.5 at a higher frequency, especially for PAEs. The significantly positive correlation between KOC and the octanol – water partition coefficient (KOW) were observed for PAHs and OCPs. However, significant correlation was found for PAEs only when excluding PAEs with lower KOW. Sediments with smaller particle sizes (clay and silt) and their organic matter would affect distributions of PAHs and OCPs between the sediment and the pore water. Protein-like fluorescent organic matter (C2) was associated with the KD of PAEs. Furthermore, the partitioning of PARAFAC-FOM between the sediment and the pore water could potentially affect the distribution of organic pollutants. The partitioning mechanism of PAEs between the sediment and the pore water might be different from that of PAHs and OCPs, as indicated by their associations with influencing factors and KOW.

On the basis of the lumped electric charge, the inner P type body region and the N-type drift region electric charge of VDMOSFET were respectively shown in three districts: accumulation, depletion, inversion. The application of carrier transport equation, continuity equation and Poisson equation, characterized different regions electric charge. According to the variation of the electric charge, the parasitic capacitances were determined, and the model parameters obtained by linear extrapolation and curve fitting. The MOSFET model was completed in MAST language. The results obtained experimentally with Boost circuit and by Saber software simulation confirm the accuracy of MOSFET model.

The levels of 18 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the water from Lake Chaohu were measured by a solid phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometer detector. The spatial and temporal distribution, possible sources, and potential ecological risks of the OCPs were analyzed. The annual mean concentration for the OCPs in Lake Chaohu was 6.99 ng/L. Aldrin, HCHs, and DDTs accounted for large proportions of the OCPs. The spatial pollution followed the order of Central Lakes > Western Lakes > Eastern Lakes and water area. The sources of the HCHs were mainly from the historical usage of lindane. DDTs were degraded under aerobic conditions, and the main sources were from the use of technical DDTs. The ecological risks of 5 OCPs were assessed by the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method in the order of heptachlor > γ-HCH > p,p′-DDT > aldrin > endrin. The combining risks of all sampling sites were MS > JC > ZM > TX, and those of different species were crustaceans > fish > insects and spiders. Overall, the ecological risks of OCP contaminants on aquatic animals were very low.

The residual levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the dust fall around Lake Chaohu were measured using gas chromatography mass spectrometry from April 2010 to March 2011. The fluxes, components, temporal-spatial variations, and sources of OCPs were also analyzed. Twenty-one types of OCPs were detected in the dust fall samples around Lake Chaohu, with a total concentration of 51.54 ± 36.31 ng/g and a total flux of 10.01 ± 13.69 ng/(m(2) day). Aldrin (35.3 %), endosulfan (39.1 %), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) (49.8 %), and isodrin (37.1 %) were the major OCPs in the spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. Both the residual level and the flux were higher in the spring than in other seasons and higher at the outer lake sampling sites than inner lake sampling site. The potential source of the hexachlorcyclohexanes in the dust fall may be recent lindane usage. The DDTs mainly came from historical dicofol usage, and a significant input of DDT was found during April and June. The presence of endosulfan may be due to the present use of technical endosulfan. The aldrin in the dust might be due to its occasional usage, and isodrin may be a result of long-distance transport from other countries.

Fate and seasonal variations ofα-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH) were simulated using a dynamic fugacity model in Lake Chaohu, China. Sensitivity analyses were performed to identify influential parameters and Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to assess model uncertainty. The calculated and measured values of the model were in good agreement except for suspended solids, which might be due to disregarding the plankton in water. The major source ofα-HCH was an input from atmospheric advection, while the major environmental outputs were atmospheric advection and sediment degradation. The net annual input and output ofα-HCH were approximately 0.294 t and 0.412 t, respectively. Sediment was an important sink forα-HCH. Seasonal patterns in various media were successfully modeled and factors leading to this seasonality were discussed. Sensitivity analysis found that parameters of source and degradation were more important than the other parameters. The sediment was influenced more by various parameters than air and water were. Temperature variation had a greater impact on the dynamics of the model output than other dynamic parameters. Uncertainty analysis showed that the model uncertainty was relatively low but significantly increased in the second half of the simulation period due to the increase in the gas-water diffusion flux variability.

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), a potential threat to ecosystems and human health, are still widely residual in the environment. The residual levels of OCPs in the water and gas phase were monitored in Lake Chaohu, a large Chinese lake, from March 2010 to February 2011. Nineteen types of OCPs were detected in the water with a total concentration of 7.27 ± 3.32 ng/l. Aldrin, DDTs and HCHs were the major OCPs in the water, accounting for 38.3 %, 28.9 % and 23.6 % of the total, respectively. The highest mean concentration (12.32 ng/l) in the water was found in September, while the lowest (1.74 ng/l) was found in November. Twenty types of gaseous OCPs were detected in the atmosphere with a total concentration of 542.0 ± 636.5 pg/m3. Endosulfan, DDTs and chlordane were the major gaseous OCPs in the atmosphere, accounting for 48.9 %, 22.5 % and 14.4 % of the total, respectively. The mean concentration of gaseous OCPs was significantly higher in summer than in winter. o,p′-DDE was the main metabolite of DDT in both the water and gas phase. Of the HCHs, 52.3 % existed as β-HCH in the water, while α-HCH (37.9 %) and γ-HCH (30.9 %) were dominant isomers in the gas phase. The average fluxes were −21.11, −3.30, −152.41, −35.50 and −1314.15 ng/(m2 day) for α-HCH, γ-HCH, HCB, DDT and DDE, respectively. The water–gas exchanges of the five types of OCPs indicate that water was the main potential source of gaseous OCPs in the atmosphere. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the water-gas flux of α-HCH, γ-HCH and DDT is more vulnerable than that of HCB and DDE to the variation of the parameters. The possible source of the HCHs in the water was from the historical usage of lindane; however, that in the air was mainly from the recent usage of lindane. The technical DDT and dicofol might be the source of DDTs in the water and air.

The residual levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDXs, including p,p'-DDT, DDD, and DDE) in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediments from major rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in Haihe Plain were measured with a gas chromatograph equipped with a (63)Ni microelectron capture detector. In the fall of 2004, the contents of the total DDXs in the water and SPM were 0.29 ± 0.69 ng L(-1) and 423.13 ± 577.85 ng g(-1) dry wt., respectively. In the spring of 2005, the total DDXs were 0.36 ± 0.91 ng L(-1) for water and 35.93 ± 62.65 ng g(-1) dry wt. for SPM. The average concentration of DDXs for sediments was 7.10 ± 7.57 ng g(-1) dry wt. during the two seasons. The Eastern-Hebei-Province Coastland River System was the most polluted, which was mainly attributable to the extensive use of DDT pesticide and dicofol in that system. Recent DDT inputs still occur in some regions, as indicated by DDT/(DDD + DDE) > 1 at 29-36 % of the sites for water and 55-61 % of the sites for SPM. The potential ecological risks of DDT in the water were assessed using a species sensitivity distribution model. Only shrimp and crabs were found to have potentially affected fraction values of 1.63 × 10(-3) to 2.27 × 10(-4), with probabilities beyond the hazardous concentration for 5 % of species (HC5) values of 1.90-2.56 %, suggesting only slight risks. DDXs in the sediments of some sites were also of potential risk to benthic organism based on consensus-based sediment quality guidelines.

We first estimated the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the brain, liver, bladder, roe, and muscle of four species of edible freshwater fish from the Beijing market. The distribution characteristics of PAHs in these tissues and organs were analyzed to determine their health risks to humans. The results showed that the residual levels of wet weight and lipid-normalized weight∑PAHs in various tissues of these fish ranged from 0.51 ng·g−1to 28.78 ng·g−1and from 93.62 ng·g−1to 8203.43 ng·g−1, respectively. The wet weight contents of∑PAHs were relatively higher in the brain and lower in the liver and muscle. But the differences were not significant. And the differences of lipid-normalized weight PAHs were significant, which in the bighead carp were found significantly the highest, followed in crucian carp, and the lowest in grass carp and carp. The contents of∑PAHs were the highest in the liver and the lowest in the brain. In the tissues with a higher lipid content, higher residual levels of PAHs were found. The carcinogenic risks for humans from residual∑PAHs in the various fish tissues were far below 10−5.

The levels of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) in the water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediments from Lake Small Baiyangdian were measured by gas chromatograph with a (63)Ni microelectron capture detector. The residual levels of the total HCHs in the water, SPM, and sediments were 1.59 ± 2.24 ng L(-1), 25.42 ± 1.72 ng g(-1) dw (dry weight), and 0.86 ± 1.44 ng g(-1) dw, respectively. DDTs were not detected in the water samples. The concentrations of total DDTs were 158.79 ± 1.67 ng g(-1) dw in SPM and 0.46 ± 1.97 ng g(-1) dw in the sediments. Compared to other areas in China and abroad, the levels of residual HCH and DDT were relatively low in the water and sediments, but they were moderate to high in the SPM. Organic carbon partition coefficient values for HCH in this study were higher than previously published values and may reflect new input in this area. The residual HCHs in this area could be derived from a mixture of technical HCH and lindane because ongoing lindane use may be occurring. DDT in the majority of the study area was primarily attributed to historical discharge, but some regions may be receiving new input. The ecological risks of γ-HCH in the water were very low according to species sensitivity distribution models. The concentrations of HCH and DDT in the sediments from the study area did not exceed the sediment quality guidelines, which indicate little risk for benthic organisms.

Three new compounds, an open-chain cytochalasan scoparasin C (1), a pyrichalasan scoparasin D (2), and a β-eudesmol type sesquiterpene scopararane C (5), along with three known compounds (3, 4 and 6), were isolated from the marine fungus Eutypella scoparia 1–15. Their structures were determined on the basis of comprehensive NMR and MS analysis. Compound 2 exhibited potent cytotoxicities with very low IC50 values against several cancer cell lines, including A375, A549, HepG2 and MCF-7.