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The educational objectives of this self-assessment module are for the participants to exercise, self-assess, and improve their understanding of the most important features of gossypibomas and the role of imaging in the diagnosis of these masses.

Objective Textiloma and gossypiboma are terms used to describe a mass of cotton matrix that is left behind in a body cavity during an operation. This is an uncommon surgical complication. Gossypibomas are most frequently discovered in the abdomen. Such foreign bodies can often mimic tumors or abscesses clinically or radiologically; however, they are rarely reported because of the medicolegal implications. The manifestations and complications of gossypibomas are so variable that diagnosis is difficult and patient morbidity is significant. Conclusion This article discusses the clinical manifestations, pathophysiologic aspects, and most important complications related to gossypibomas; presents the classic imaging features of gossypibomas using a multitechnique approach; and shows some of the typical and atypical sites of gossypibomas.