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Background: Urinary stones are now a worldwide problem due to a rise in occurrence over the past few decades. All racial and cultural groups have experienced this. Complex metabolic and environmental risk factors are both involved in the pathogenetic pathways of stone production. This disease affects roughly 12% of the world's population. Its recurrence rate is about 70% in men and 47% in women. Urinary stones have significantly increased in prevalence over the past 20 years, becoming a global disease. Aim: This review covers literature on the medical therapy of urolithiasis to facilitate urinary stone passage and their mechanism of action in the light of the new data on the diagnosis and different types of urinary tract stones. Method: A preliminary search of related articles was obtained from three online databases PubMed, Sci.hub and Google scholar whichwere used to conduct a systematic evaluation of the literature. Inclusion and exclusion criteria screened the initial search results, and 67 papers were chosen to be appropriate for this literature review following careful reading, analysis, and evaluation. Results: Different methods of medical therapy (phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, alpha blockers, calcium blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and different types of surgical procedures (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy,ureteroscopy)were thoroughly reviewed but among all of them the expulsion rate to remove the urinary stone was found to be larger and faster in calcium channel blocker (CI 1.33-1.66) and alpha blockers(CI 1.152–7.45). Practical implications: Medical therapies facilitate the urinary-stone passagebut these therapies are not generally used. The choices for treating urinary stones are expanded by these techniques. Patients with big ureteral stones have had better results with medical expulsive therapy.Removing the urinary stones also decreases the chances of other diseases which happened as a result of urinary stone. There are many benefits of medical expulsive therapy which are diverse in nature andthis therapy minimizes the exposure to anesthesia and radiations. Conclusion: Different surgical procedures are used to remove the stones from the urinary passage. Despite of surgical procedures, medical expulsive therapy are more helpful. Alpha-blockers and calcium channel blockers are the main medical expulsive therapies for primary evacuation of urinary tract stones. Keywords: Urolithiasis, Urinary tract stones, Medical expulsive treatment.

Media pembelajaran memiliki pengaruh yang cukup besar dalam proses pembelajaran terhadap minat belajar dan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran IPA. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian Quasi-experiment design: One-GroupPre-test-Post-test Design dengan satu macam perlakuan. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Pre-test-Post-test Design. Subjek penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas IV B SD Negeri Teratak Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022. Data yang diperoleh terdiri atas data skor minat belajar dan skor hasil belajar IPA siswa kelompok eksperimen. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket minat belajar dan tes hasil belajar IPA. Data dianalisis untuk mengetahui pengaruh media Powerpoint terhadap minat belajar siswa dan hasil belajar siswa berdasarkan pretest dan post-test pada kelompok eksperimen. Minat belajar IPA siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Teratak meningkat 67,65% yaitu dari hasil selisih persentase sebelum pembelajaran dan sesudah pembelajaran. Sedangkan, Hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Teratak meningkat 52,94% dari selisih persentase sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran. Terdapat pengaruh media Power-point terhadap minat belajar dan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IVB SD Negeri Teratak Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022.

This paper describes several Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithms for partial shading conditions that have detrimental effects on photovoltaic systems. The method used is a literature review of articles from reputable publishers. Fifty two articles were obtained after meeting the established criteria for selection. The literature review focused on the ability of the Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm to overcome partial shading conditions in terms of tracking speed, tracking accuracy, efficiency, and implementation complexity. As the results, some algorithms are recommended to be applied for Maximum Power Point Tracking including the Single Swam Algorithm and the Perturb And Observer algorithm, the Enhanced Adaptive Step Size Perturb and Observe algorithm, the Novel Adaptable Step Incremental Conductance algorithm, the Improved Bat Algorithm and Fuzzy Logic Controller algorithm, and the Particle Swarm Optimization with One Cycle Control algorithm. In terms of implementation complexity, these five algorithms are categorized as medium-complexity, which can be characterized as low cost, high efficiency, and even 100% with high tracking speed and accuracy with a minimum number of sensors used.

This article attempts to examine the role of creativity on carbon intensity in case of Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) countries. The panel estimation techniques are used for annual data for the period of 1990-2018. The empirical evidence affirms that patent rights and innovation act as a policy factor in controlling carbon intensity, i.e. creativity leads to energy-efficient and environment friendly society. However, innovations have higher magnitude compared to patent. Contrarily, urbanization and economic growth are the key determinants in enhancing carbon intensity, while renewable energy has insignificant impact on carbon intensity. The empirical analysis, especially for creativity, can add practical implications for related authorities in controlling carbon intensity and improving energy efficiency.

Objective - This study conceptually examines a link between corporate governance, intellectual capital disclosure, and firm performance. With the support of signaling theory, this paper develops propositions for the relationship among corporate governance, intellectual capital disclosure, and firm performance. Methodology/Technique –The development and conclusion of this discursive paper as a conceptual one point out the possible relationship among corporate governance, intellectual capital disclosure, and firm performance. The underlying methodology of institutional discourse and integration with dynamic parameters is formalized. Findings - The results of the conceptual framework of this paper on corporate governance are contrasted with the approach to corporate governance in mainstream literature. Also examined is the theoretical and philosophical background of corporate governance, intellectual capital disclosure, and firm performance. Novelty - Although the importance of intellectual capital to firm performance is well established, the triple relationship between the board nomination and governance committee and the board remuneration committee, intellectual capital disclosure, and firm performance is exposed based on the effect of one on another. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: Corporate Governance, Intellectual Capital Disclosure, Nomination Committee, and Firm Performance. Reference to this paper should be referred to as follows: Nasir, A.M; Mustapa, I.R; Pirzada, K. (2022). Nexus among Corporate Governance, Intellectual Capital Disclosure and Firm Performance, Acc. Fin. Review, 7(3), 135 – 148. https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2022.7.3(1)

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare form of psoriasis, which is characterized by sudden onset of repeated erythema and pustule formation with generalized inflammation. Recent advances in molecular genetics have led to the identification of several genes associated with GPP, including IL36RN, CARD14, AP1S3, SERPINA3, and MPO. Of these, only limited cases of GPP have been reported to carry mutations in the AP1S3, SERPINA3, or MPO to date. In the present study, we investigated a Japanese patient with GPP and found a homozygous missense mutation c.1769GT (p.Arg590Leu) in the MPO gene. Structural analysis predicted that the mutant MPO protein would abolish its ability to bind with heme protein. In vitro studies using cultured cells revealed that the mutant MPO was stably expressed, but completely lost its myeloperoxidase activity. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using an anti-MPO antibody showed markedly reduced expression of MPO protein in the patient's skin, suggesting that the mutation would lead to an instability of the MPO protein in vivo. Finally, IHC with an anti-citrullinated Histone H3 antibody demonstrated a sparse formation of neutrophil extracellular traps within a Kogoj's spongiform pustule of the patient's skin. Collectively, we conclude that the c.1769GT (p.Arg590Leu) in the MPO is a complete loss-of-function mutation associated with GPP in the patient. Our data further underscore critical roles of the MPO gene in the pathogenesis of GPP.

God created human beings in pairs to complement each other between men and women. Marriage is the sunnah of the Prophet, and so much benefit occurs from a marriage bond. Furthermore, marriage is how it is said to be valid in Islam. Whether interfaith marriage is also part of a muslim's personal treasure. In order to answer this, the author uses the tahsis motto in expressing the opinion of Rasyid Ridha in his interpretation, and is also a supporter of several related articles. The results showed that interfaith marriage is an act that cannot be said to be valid even if there are texts (both books and scholarly thoughts), as for the reason because interfaith marriage is irrelevant to the dynamics of current life, especially in the frame of nation and state.

This study investigated the anti-arthritic potential of novel mannich-based derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (AK7 and AK9) in rats. The compounds were characterized by NMR and FTIR spectroscopies and their acute anti-inflammatory effects were measured by carrageenan (CRG)-induced paw edema model. The most potent doses of AK7 and AK9 were subsequently evaluated in the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory arthritis model. AK7 and AK9 inhibited CRG-induced inflammation in a dose-dependent fashion and a similar reduction in CFA-induced paw inflammation was observed. Moreover, X-ray and histopathological analyses of AK7-treated animals displayed normal joint structure whereas AK9, despite of its anti-inflammatory effects, failed to protect against cartilage destruction. Interestingly, biochemical analysis revealed a better safety profile for AK7 than for AK9 and methotrexate. Both compounds suppressed mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (IRAK1, NF-κB1, TNF-α, IL1B) while only AK7 reduced the transcript levels of interstitial collagenase (MMP1). Molecular docking analysis of AK7 and AK9 with TNF-α and MMP1 also supported the experimental data. These findings clearly highlight the beneficial effects of AK7 in the prevention and/or treatment of inflammatory arthritis.

Background: The ideal urological method for treating complex, large renal calculi is Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Its instruments, surgical techniques, and positions have all been adjusted as a result of its ever-changing nature. In PCNL, the supine position is advantageous compared to the prone position due to its several advantages, including the absence of cardiopulmonary risks, fewer post operative complications and shorter operative time. This study was designed for comparison of PCNL in prone and supine positions. Methods: After receiving ethical and research committee approval, this retrospective cohort study (comparative study?) was conducted from 2015 to 2021. Out of 623 patients, PCNL in prone position was performed on 258 patients and 365 patients in modified supine position. The patients' demographics, stone size and location, number of tracts, operating time, hospital stay, stone clearance rate, and post-operative complications were all compared. Results: The gender and age of the patients, the size and number of tracts, and location of the stones were all comparable (p>0.05). Operative time for prone position was 82 min±2.49 SD VS 65 min±2.95 SD, for modified supine position, p99 °F was 12.4% in prone vs. 11.3% in supine position were the most common post-operative complications. Angioembolization was not observed in either group. Blood transfusions were given to 4.26% in prone position and in 3.58% of cases in supine PCNL. Conclusion: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the supine position had a short operating time, short hospital stays, and less analgesia requirements than PCNL in the prone position. In view of the above findings, supine PCNL is easy, quick to perform and having less complications rate as compare to Prone PCNL.

Alkali-activated concrete (AAC) or binders (AABs) have emerged as a substitute to conventional ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-based concrete owing to their techno-ecological merits. Saudi Arabia has vast resources of natural pozzolan whose impact on some fresh and hardened properties was encouraging; however, the long-term shrinkage behavior of AABs and life cycle assessment (LCA) of the developed product is yet to be explored. Therefore, this study evaluates shrinkage characteristics and LCA of Saudi natural pozzolan (NP)-based AAC. The synergistic impact of admixing nano-silica (NS) up to 7.5% dosage was also observed on the properties of engineered AABs in comparison with OPC-based concrete. The shrinkage properties were correlated with the microstructure and pore structure. The study revealed that the shrinkage properties of both NP-based AABs and OPC-based concrete are comparable. However, adding NS increased the drying shrinkage strain because of the finer pore structure than AABs without NS, which was confirmed through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The maximum average drying shrinkage strain of 510 με was recorded in the OPC concrete, whereas in the engineered AAC with 0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 7.5% NS, it was 486, 537, 568, 601, and 651 με, respectively. It is postulated that the NP can be beneficially valorized in the production of green AABs without compromising the shrinkage characteristics, while the NS is favorable for enhancing the strength and refinement of the pore matrix. Besides, the LCA indicated the feasibility of recycling the high volume of natural waste by AAB technology, which significantly lowers the carbon footprints and minimizes the environmental implications in infrastructural applications.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to better define the incidence, pattern, and outcome of a stray bullet. Materials & Methods: The current study summarizes the data on stray bullet injuries presented to the Emergency Department (ED) Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. A total of 24 subjects were included for three years. We enrolled all patients who had head or spine injuries caused by a stray bullet. Data were extracted on demographic profile, site of injury, operative procedure, complication, and mortality, and were recorded on prescribed proforma. Results: A total of 24 subjects were included for 3 years. 17 (70%) were male patients and 7 (30%) were females. Male to female ratio was 2:1. out of 24 cases, 9 (37.5%) were from District Peshawar, 3 (12.5%) cases were from Mardan and Charsadda District, and 2 (8.3%) cases were from Swat. 12 cases had a bullet in the Head and face. out of which 7 were supratentorial 3 cases had a bullet in the posterior fossa. Out of 24 cases, 13 (54.1%) were operated for the removal of bullets. 5 (20.8%) developed focal or generalized fits. 13 (54.1%) developed a neuro deficit. 4 (16.6%) of cases remain in a vegetative state, and the overall mortality rate is 20%. Conclusion: Morbidity and mortality due to stray bullets is an increasing problem in our society. This study aims to bring awareness among the concerned authorities to try and bring an end to this menace resulting in deaths and misery.

Anagallis arvensis (A. arvensis) belonging to the family Primulaceae is traditionally used for liver and kidney diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the uroprotective and hepatoprotective potentials of A. arvensis in cyclophosphamide-induced interstitial cystitis and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity rat model, respectively. Nociception, bladder weight, vesical vascular permeability, Gray’s criteria for edema and hemorrhage, and levels of nitric oxide, catalase, and glutathione were estimated and studied in the cystitis model. Liver function test, lipid profile, and histopathological evaluation were carried out in the hepatoprotective activity. Oral administration of methanol extract of A. arvensis significantly reduced bladder weight, vesical vascular permeability, edema, hemorrhage, nitric oxide, IL-6, and TNF-α, while the level of catalase and glutathione peroxide was increased. In hepatoprotective activity, pretreatment with A. arvensis significantly decreased the level of liver markers (Bilirubin, ALT, AST, and ALP) and lipid profile (cholesterol, TG, LDL, and VLDL). Histopathological studies confirmed the biochemical findings of both studies. GC-MS analysis presented the presence of antioxidant phytoconstituents. Thus, it was concluded that A. arvensis might act as uroprotective and hepatoprotective due to the presence of antioxidant phytochemicals in the rodent model. Isolation and identification of phytochemicals present in the methanol extract of A. arvensis and evaluation of their exact mechanism of action become mandatory in future studies.

The shrinkage of cement-based materials is a critical dimensional property that needs proper attention as it can influence the corresponding characteristics especially when the preparation of such cement-based material is done in hot weather. Studies have shown that the casting or curing conditions influence the performance of concrete. However, there is limited understanding of the combined role of casting temperature and curing conditions, especially for concrete made with unconventional binders. In this study, five supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) were utilized as the substitute of the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at different ratios to produce greener concrete and improve its characteristics and sustainability. The influence of four casting temperatures (i.e., 25 °C, 32 °C, 38 °C, and 45 °C) and two curing regimes (i.e., covering of samples using wet burlap and applying curing compound on the surface of samples) on the corresponding compressive strength and drying shrinkage at various ages was studied. The outcomes of this research revealed that the composition of the binders has a substantial impact on the characteristics of concrete. In addition, the casting temperature and curing regimes also have a huge role on the compressive strength of concrete produced with binary binders. For example, the compressive strength at 3 days of concrete made at 25 °C made with binary binders was reduced up to 31% compared to that made with only OPC as the binder when cured using wet burlap. Nonetheless, less than 38 ℃ was suitable to minimize the durability issues in the studied blended cement mixes.

This study examines the quality of the hadiths "Faradha zakat fitrah", that the hadiths explain about the obligation to pay zakat fitrah for every Muslim, both men and women, to the importance of zakat on the eve of the festival. Then the hadiths use several kinds of food that can satisfy in the form of staple foods such as dates, poetry and wheat and rice. The main focus in this research is the sanad and matan of the Hadiths of the Prophet saw which contain about "faradha zakat fitrah" this research is a library research with the main reference is the books of hadith al-Kutub al-Tis'ah (Nine Books Induk Hadith), and maktabah syamilah. In addition to the books of hadith mentioned above, books related to takhrij al-hadith are also references in this study, such as: Ushul al-Takhrij wa Dirasat al-Asanid. Research Methodology of the hadith of the Prophet written by Syuhudi Ismail, and others. To research the narrators of Hadith, used as a reference are books related to the study of the content of hadith. The result of this research is a hadith chain of authentic quality, namely the narration of Abu Dawud. From the point of view of authentic hadith, it does not contradict the Qur'an and authentic hadith, common sense, historical facts, language and the principles of Islam.

This research aims to examine the effectiveness of Panglima Laot's institution authority in the maritim area to resolve sea disputes and to find an ideal dispute resolution model to be used. This research uses qualitative method by sociological juridical approach in the form of descriptive analytical. The Panglima laot's authority in an effort to assist the government in resolving maritime disputes is a formal authority granted by a law which is attributively regulated in Article 28 of Qanun Aceh Number 10 of 2008 concerning Customary Institutions. However, when dealing with certain cases between fishermen where the regulation is not very clear in the Qanun, Panglima Laot seeks to resolve cases by using traditional approaches, religious values, propriety, a sense of justice and human conscience. Therefore, Panglima Laot needs detailed and written instructions for carrying out tasks in the form of Government Regulations or Qanuns. Including dealing with refugees who come from abroad.

BackgroundTo determine the safety profile of Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine and identify breakthrough infections.MethodThe study design was analytical cross sectional. An online questionnaire was filled by 1033 respondentsbetween 16th and 22nd April 2021. Adults who had received both doses of Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine more than a week ago or only a single dose with serious side effect were included in the study. The frequency and severity of vaccination related side effects were assessed and breakthrough infection identified.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 36.7 ± 12.91(18 – 92) years. Ninety one percent of participants (n=946) were health care professionals. One fifth (n=225/1033, 21.8%) had suffered from COVID-19 infection prior to vaccination, confirmed using the nasal RT-PCR test. None of the participants reported serious (grade III) or life threatening (grade IV) adverse reactions after either of the two doses. The most common side effects after the first dose were pain at injection site (20.3%), fatigue (20.3%), headache (13.9%), myalgia (12.5%) and fever (9.3%) whereas after the second dose were fatigue (16.8%), pain at injection site (15.8%), myalgia (14%) and fever (6.7%). The side effects were more common in participants who had previous history of COVID-19 infection. Of 225 previously infected participants, 97(43.1%) (p value=0.020) and 90 (40%) (p value=0.001) participants had side effects after 1st and 2nd dose respectively. 16 participants (1.55%) developed PCR positive COVID-19 infection two weeks after the second dose while 3(0.29%) participants had a re-infection. There was one case of probable severe COVID-19 infection, 2 weeks after the second dose and recovered completely with treatment.ConclusionOur study shows that Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine is generally safe with no serious side effects. The side effects were however, more common in inviduals who already had COVID-19 infection. The COVID-19 breakthrough infection and reinfection could occur after the vaccination.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used throughout medical imaging, including PET, for data correction, image reconstruction, and image processing tasks. However, there are number of opportunities for the application of AI in photon detector performance or the data collection process, such as to improve detector spatial resolution, time-of-flight information, or other PET system performance characteristics. This review outlines current topics, research highlights, and future directions of AI in PET instrumentation.

Objective: The study aimed to identify geographic and gender disparities in the quality, academic impact, and media attention of the top-cited articles related to stem cell-related surgical research. Methods: The following data was extracted for the top 200 most-cited articles (2011-2021): article- (including citation metrics and country of publication), journal- (including impact factor), and author-level (including corresponding author gender) variables. Article Altmetric Attention Score (AAS), a measure of mass mainstream and social media attention, was also recorded. Results: Most articles originated from high-income countries (HICs: 175 [87.5%]), with only 7 (3.5%) from lower-middle-income countries. Articles from non-HIC were published in journals with significantly lower impact factors (6.66 [3.75-9.46] vs. 23.2 [7.3-32.5]; p < 0.001) and AAS (7 [3-14.5] vs. 30 [11-83]; p < 0.001). Only 44 (22%) of articles were authored by a female corresponding author, Continued..

In the current investigation, the antidiabetic potential of 40 phytocompounds from Dr. Dukes phytochemical and ethanobotanical database and three antidiabetic pharmaceuticals from the market comparatively validated against hyperglycemic target proteins. Silymarin, proanthocyanidins, merremoside, rutin, mangiferin-7-O-beta-glucoside, and gymnemic acid exhibited good binding affinity toward protein targets of diabetes among the 40 phytocompounds from Dr.Dukes database over three chosen antidiabetic pharmaceutical compounds. Further these phytocompounds and sitagliptin are validated for its ADMET and bioactivity score to screen its pharmacological and pharmacokinetics properties. Silymarin, proanthocyanidins, rutin along with sitagliptin screened for DFT analysis found that phytocompounds have great Homo–Lumo orbital energies over commercial pharmaceutical sitagliptin. Finally, four complexes of alpha amylase-silymarin, alpha amylase-sitagliptin, aldose reductase-proanthocyanidins, and aldose reductase-sitagliptin screened for MD simulation and MMGBSA analysis, results shown that the phytocompounds silymarin and proanthocyanidins have strong affinities for binding to the binding pockets of alpha amylase and aldose reductase respectively over antidiabetic pharmaceuticals. Our current study proven proanthocyanidins and silymarin act as novel antidiabetic compounds toward diabetic target protein but it require clinical trial to evaluate its clinical pertinence toward diabetic target proteins. Communicated by Ramaswamy Sarma

The current study was designed to determine pulegone’s antihypertensive and vasoprotective activity in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Firstly, the hypotensive dose-response relationship of pulegone was evaluated in normotensive anesthetized rats using the invasive method. Secondly, the mechanism involved in hypotensive activity was determined in the presence of pharmacological drugs such as atropine/muscarinic receptor blocker (1 mg/kg), L-NAME/NOS inhibitor (20 mg/kg), and indomethacin/COX inhibitor (5 mg/kg) in anesthetized rats. Furthermore, studies were carried out to assess the preventive effect of pulegone in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced in rats by administering L-NAME (40 mg/kg) orally for 28 days. Rats were divided into six groups which were treated orally with tween 80 (placebo), captopril (10 mg/kg), and different doses of pulegone (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 80 mg/kg). Blood pressure, urine volume, sodium, and body weight were monitored weekly. After 28 days, the effect of pulegone on lipid profile, hepatic markers, antioxidant enzymes, and nitric oxide was estimated from the serum of treated rats. Moreover, plasma mRNA expression of eNOS, ACE, ICAM1, and EDN1 was measured using real-time PCR. Results show that pulegone dose-dependently decreased blood pressure and heart rate in normotensive rats, with the highest effect at 30 mg/kg/i.v. The hypotensive effect of pulegone was reduced in the presence of atropine and indomethacin, whereas L-NAME did not change its hypotensive effect. Concurrent treatment with pulegone for four weeks in L-NAME-treated rats caused a reduction in both systolic blood pressure and heart rate, reversed the reduced levels of serum nitric oxide (NO), and ameliorated lipid profile and oxidative stress markers. Treatment with pulegone also improved the vascular response to acetylcholine. Plasma mRNA expression of eNOS was reduced, whereas ACE, ICAM1, and EDN1 levels were high in the L-NAME group, which was facilitated by pulegone treatment. To conclude, pulegone prevented L-NAME-induced hypertension by demonstrating a hypotensive effect through muscarinic receptors and cyclooxygenase pathway, indicating its use as a potential candidate in managing hypertension.

Background Training is considered instrumental in reducing surgical site infection. We developed training based on authentic tasks, interprofessional learning, and reflective learning for implementation in a low-income country where such training opportunities are rare. This study evaluated the results of training in terms of participants’ acceptance, participants’ knowledge acquisition, and their self-perceived behavior change. Methods We included 145 participants in the voluntary training program, comprising 66 technologists (45.5%), 43 nurses (29.7%), and 36 doctors (24.8%) from Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan. We measured “satisfaction” using a questionnaire at the end of the training, “knowledge” through pre-and post-intervention assessments, and “self-perceived behavior change” using a questionnaire and interviews 8 weeks post-training. Results Pre- and post-test scores showed a significant increase in knowledge. Participants were favorable to the training and eager to participate. They positively applied in practice what they had learned about preventing surgical site infection. Our qualitative data analysis revealed two categories of themes, representing the upsides of the training as it stood, and existing factors or downsides that hindered the effective transfer of learning to practice. Conclusion Participants were very enthusiastic about the training format. The knowledge test showed a gain in knowledge. Moreover, participants acknowledged that their behavior toward the prevention of surgical site infection in the operating rooms had changed. The use of authentic tasks from daily clinical practice, as well as the interprofessional approach and reflection, were considered to promote the transfer of learning. Although promising, our findings also pointed to obstacles limiting the application of evidence-based knowledge, such as a shortage of supplies and conventional practices.

Background and Objectives: Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is a disease characterized by cartilage-capped bony protuberances at the site of growth plates of long bones. Functional mutations in the exostosin genes (EXT1 and EXT2) are reported to affect the hedgehog signalling pathways leading to multiple enchondromatosis. However, the exact role of each EXT protein in the regulation of heparan sulphate (HS) chain elongation is still an enigma. In this study, a Pakistani family with HME is investigated to find out the genetic basis of the disease. Materials and Methods: Genotyping of eight members of the family by amplifying microsatellite markers, tightly linked to the EXT1 and EXT2 genes. Results: The study revealed linkage of the HME family to the EXT1 locus 8q24.1. Sanger sequencing identified a heterozygous deletion (c.247Cdel) in exon 1 of EXT1, segregating with the disease phenotype in the family. In silico analysis predicted a shift in the frame causing an early stop codon (p.R83GfsX52). The predicted dwarf protein constituting 134 amino acids was functionally aberrant with a complete loss of the catalytic domain at the C-terminus. Interestingly, an alternative open reading frame 3 (ORF3) caused by the frame shift is predicted to encode a protein sequence, identical to the wild type and containing the catalytic domain, but lacking the first 100 amino acids of the wild-type EXT1 protein. Conclusion: Consequently, haploinsufficiency could be the cause of HME in the investigated family as the mutated copy of EXT1 is ineffective for EXT-1/2 complex formation. The predicted ORF3 protein could be of great significance in understanding several aspects of HME pathogenesis.

Economic growth is an important indicator of development. One of the incentives to increase economic growth comes from taxes. Taxes are the easiest thing to get and do by the government. This study aims to examine the effect of the tax structure on economic growth in Indonesia. The tax structure variables are income tax, goods and services tax, and customs tax. This study uses a multiple linear regression from 1994 to 2018. The results of the study found that income tax and customs tax had a significant negative effect on economic growth. Meanwhile, the goods and services tax has a significant positive effect on economic growth. The suggestion of this research is that the government should consider not increasing income taxes and customs taxes because they have an impact on public consumption and cost domestic production.

Di Aceh, banyak bumbu instan masakan Aceh yang dijual dalam bentuk bumbu basah. Bumbu instan basah ini menjadi pilihan masyarakat Aceh untuk mempersingkat waktu memasak. Bumbu instan basah ini tidak dapat dipasarkan ke luar daerah karena umur simpannya yang tidak tahan lama dan tidak praktis untuk dibawa-bawa. Dengan inovasi masakan Aceh bumbu instan berupa bubuk kering dapat mendorong industri makanan lokal Aceh. Teknologi yang digunakan adalah Oven Drying Blower yang akan digunakan sebagai teknologi pengeringan bahan baku bumbu menjadi bumbu masak yang praktis Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pengeringan rempah-rempah dengan mengukur perubahan suhu, kelembaban relatif, penurunan berat bahan, laju aliran udara, laju aliran volume udara, kadar air bahan terhadap waktu, laju pengeringan terhadap waktu, dan laju pengeringan terhadap kadar air. Bumbu instan Aceh Spices juga akan dilakukan persyaratan yang sesuai dengan pengujian kadar abu, pengujian kadar air, dan pengujian organoleptik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif proses pengeringan dipakai suhu di bawah 55˚C diulang sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali sampai mencapai kadar air 8 – 10 %bk. Hasil pengamatan menunjukan bahwa selama proses pengeringan tercatat Rh luar alat pengering antara 83,28%-89,50%. Juga Rh di dalam alat pengering diamati dan dicatat berkisar antara 86,58%-97,91%. Kadar cabai merah selama proses pengeringan mengalami penurunan dari 38,75% turun hingga rata – rata 18,05% dengan perincian pada ruang satu dan dua mencapai 17,4%, ruang tiga dan empat 16,95% dan ruang lima dan enam 16,6%. Dengan waktu pengamatan selama 4 jam. Kata Kunci : Rempah Aceh, Drying blower oven, Rempah-rempah kering, Instant seasoning powder.

This Study aims to analyze poverty households in Aceh headed by female who are focused on female headed households aged ≥ 60 years. Variables in this study were taken based on social and economics aspects, include education, profession and health. The authors used a descriptive qualitative analysis method., The data used is secondary data. The data consisted of cross section data, obtained from TKP2K Aceh Province. The results showed that the majority of school participation rates in female headed-households only had elementary school education and were aged ≥ 60 years. The profession sector of female headed-households tends to work as a farmer and plantation, the percentage of female headed-households aged ≥ 60 years who works is very low compared to female headed-households at other age levels. The majority of female headed-households who have chronic diseases and disabilities are mostly found in female headed-households aged ≥ 60 years. Chronic diseases that are most often found in female headed-households are rheumaticsm and hypertension, while disabilities that are most often found are physically disabled and blind.

Tanaman kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk) telah digunakan untuk mengobati berbagai jenis penyakit, salah satunya adalah sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan ekstrak daun kelor yang dipanen pada pagi hari dan sore hari dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Penelitian bersifat eksperimental murni menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu P0 (aquadest), P1 (ekstrak daun kelor yang dipanen pada pagi hari), P2 (ekstrak daun kelor yang di panen pada sore hari) dengan masing-masing 4 kali ulangan. Uji mikrobiologi menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak daun kelor mangandung alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, dan triterpenoid. Hasil uji Anova menyatakan bahwa ekstrak daun kelor yang dipanen pada waktu berbeda sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli (P=0,000). Uji lanjut Duncan menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan rata-rata diameter zona hambat antar ekstrak daun kelor yang dipanen pada pagi hari (13,25 mm) dan sore hari (14,325 mm) dalam menghambat Staphylococcus aureus. Sedangkan pada Escherichia coli terdapat perbedaan yang nyata rata-rata diameter zona hambat ekstrak daun kelor yang dipanen pada pagi hari (0,00 mm) dan sore hari (13,75 mm)

Indonesia merupakan negara tropis dengan kondisi agroklimat yang sangat mendukung untuk pertumbuhan pohon kelapa. Tapeh u (sabut kelapa) ini dapat dikembangkan menjadi beragam produk, Peningkatan potensi ekonomi ini diharapkan dapat membantu meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat atau petani kelapa sebagai produsen. Adapun teknologi Rotary Screening akan digunakan pada penelitian ini untuk melihat efektifitas proses produksi cocopeat dan cocofiber. Rotary Screening machine bekerja dengan cara menggantikan tangan manusia atau alat cacah tradisional sebagai penghancur serabut kelapa sekaligus dapat memilah atau memisahkan cocopeatnya. Setelah dilakukan pengujian perlakuan sabut kelapa dengan bahan sabut kering dan sabut basah yang divariasi lama perendaman 0 hari, 3 hari, 6 hari, 9 hari dan 12 hari serta variasi putaran rotary screening machine yaitu pada 50 rpm, 100 rpm dan 150 rpm, maka diperoleh hasil terbaik produk cocofiber dan cocopeat yang dihasilkan yaitu pada waktu perendaman 9 hari dengan kecepatan putar 150 rpm dan waktu yang dibutuhkan dalam proses produksi bahan baku 10 kg paling singkat yaitu 5 menit. Semakin lama waktu perendaman membuat semakin lunak dan mudah sabut untuk diurai, namun harus diperhartikan jika terlalu lama waktu perendaman juga justru akan merusak strukrur cocofiber dan mambuat sabut hancur seluruhnya. Semakin cepat putaran Rotary Screening Machine (150 rpm) akan membuat persentase produk paling balance dan efisiensi waktu produksi makin baik.Kata Kunci: Kelapa, Cocofiber-Cocopeat, Pertanian, Teknologi Rotary Screening

Human corona viral infection leads to acute breathing disease and death if not diagnosed and treated properly in time. The disease can be treated with the help of simple natural compounds, which we use in day-to-day life. These natural compounds act against several diseases but their drug targeting mechanism needs to be improved for more efficient and promising applications. In the present study five compounds (gingerol, thymol, thymohydroquinone, cyclocurcumin, hydrazinocurcumin) from three Indian medicinal plants (ginger, black cumin, turmeric) and its hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugates were docked against initially deposited spike structural proteins (PDB ID 6WPT) and its mutant variant D-614G (PDB ID 6XS6). Docking study result reveals that all the HA conjugates showed the most effective inhibitor of S-protein of initially deposited and D-614G variant forms of SARS-CoV-2. The compounds like Gingerol, Thymol, Thymohydroquinone, Cyclocurcumin, Hydrazinocurcumin, Hydroxychloroquinone, and hyaluronic acid conjugates inhibit the viral protein of both wild-type and mutated S-protein of SARS-CoV-2. The molecular docking studies of phytocompounds with initial deposited and variant spike protein targets show superior binding affinity than with the commercial repurposed viral entry inhibitor hydroxychloroquine. Further, the docking result was modeled using MD simulation study shows excellent simulation trajectories between spike proteins and HA conjugates spices constituents than its free form. DFT analysis was carried out to affirm the reason behind the highest binding affinity of HA conjugates over its free form towards SARS-CoV-2 spike protein targets. Further HA conjugates synthesis and its evaluation against SARS-CoV-2

In Acehnese society, the implementation of inheritance law is influenced by customary law living in the community, the heirs are in accordance with what has been stipulated in faraid law, but in the distribution of wealth sometimes it does not follow faraid law, but according to mutual agreement. Determination of inheritance in the Acehnese community in Simpang Ulim District, whose majority Muslim community, in terms of handling inheritance more depends on the heirs, this method is called the familial way and can run well without conflict, for example, the parties agree to divide the number of the expert's assets. the inheritance for boys is equal to that given to girls. This research is a field study with a qualitative approach. The primary sources in this study were informants from the Simpang Ulim Community whose data were taken by random sampling. The results of the study concluded two things; First, the mechanism for implementing the distribution of the inheritance of the Acehnese people in Simpang Ulim District is carried out in two ways, firstly by purely Islamic law, and by means of kinship (custom). The reason for the implementation of the family system is because the majority of people do not understand the law of inheritance in totality in Islam. Second, the application of Islamic inheritance law to the implementation of inheritance law in the Acehnese people in Simpang Ulim District is complementary and side by side with customary law. On this occasion, the heirs will ask for guidance from religious leaders by kinship consensus.

This research examines the quality of the traditions "manjara tsaubahu", that they explain the prohibition of lengthening cloths or pants with arrogant intentions, whether it is being arrogant to Allah or to others, being arrogant to Allah is where when you are worshiping Allah. Then the hadiths use several kinds of commands in terms of prohibitions, including; By threatening to be reluctant by Allah, there are also those who do not accept their worship (do not get rewarded) and so on. So that if we lengthen cloths or pants with arrogant intentions, it is prohibited by Allah. The main focus in this research is the sanad and observations of the Prophet's hadiths which contain the "manjaara tsaubahu". This research is library research with the main reference being the books of the hadiths of al-Kutub al-Tis'ah and maktabah syamilah. Besides the hadith books mentioned above, books related to takhrij al-hadith are also references in this study, such as: Ushul al-Takhrij wa Dirasat al-Asanid. Research methodology of the Prophet's hadith written by Syuhudi Ismail, and others. To examine the narrators of Hadith, the books that are used as references are related to the observational study of hadith. The result of this research is the authentic quality hadith sanad, namely the history of Abu Dawud. From the eyes of the hadith, the quality of authenticity does not contradict the Qur'an and authentic traditions, common sense, historical facts, language and with Islamic principles.

The main purpose of the present study is to observe need assessment for guidance and Counseling services and its existing status at secondary level in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Furthermore, it was important to identify the most common problems faced by the students at secondary level. The present study was delimited to different public and private sector secondary schools of districts including Multan, Khanewal and Lodhran from the province of Punjab. Target Population of the study was consisted of forty (40) secondary schools, out of which twenty (20) public and twenty (20) private sector secondary schools. Total three hundred and ten (310) students were taken as a sample by using simple random sampling technique by using table of random numbers. A Questionnaire was developed as research tool which was based upon five points (05) Likert-type scale to collect quantitative data. After data collection, data was coded to analyze by using SPSS software. The results of the present study showed that there was a need to introduce guidance and Counseling services at secondary school level to address the students’ dire needs. Moreover, orientation programs are needed to arrange for teachers to provide professional training about these services. It was also recommended that guidance and Counseling services are the best solution to resolve personal, psychological & educational problems, source of educational, professional & personality growth, development and motivation towards their studies.

Nasal septal defects may present with no clinical symptoms to dryness, nasal obstruction, pain, mucosal injury, crusting, epistaxis, rhinorrhea, nasal twang in speech, hyposmia, and breathing difficulties. Prosthetic rehabilitation of these defects may lead to improvement in these conditions. This case report describes the construction of a custom-made two-piece, magnet-retained nasal prosthesis fabricated in heat-cured acrylic resin. Intra-nasal and extra-nasal alginate impressions were splinted with soft plaster. Sequential model pouring was done for convenient access to the complicated intra-nasal anatomy. Two individual nasal stent waxups, containing two magnets with opposing poles facing each other, were well adapted to their respective medial nasal walls and anterior retentive rounded tips. Waxups were processed in heat-cured acrylic resin and delivered after finishing and polishing. Patient's symptoms were relieved, while maintaining the nasal patency. Such inexpensive method with a tissue-friendly material may prove beneficial for rehabilitation of larger nasal septal defects. Key Words: Nasal septal defects, Rehabilitation, Acrylic resin, Prosthesis.

Diskursus tentang radikalisme agama di kalangan generasi muda Indonesia disinyalir semakin meningkat di era digital saat ini. Dalam konteks keagamaan, radikalisme agama dapat dimaknai sebagai fanatik terhadap suatu pendapat sehingga menolak pendapat orang lain, menutup pintu dialog dan mudah mengkafirkan kelompok yang berbeda paham dengan diri atau kelompoknya, serta pemahaman agama yang tekstual tanpa melihat dan mempertimbangkan esensi syariat (maqasid al-syari’ah). Radikalisme agama berawal dari cara pandang, sikap, dan prilaku beragama yang eksklusif. Oleh karena itu konsep moderat atau ‘wasatiyyah’ sudah seharusnya menjadi landasan dalam kebijakan untuk melawan narasi radikal beragama. Moderasi beragama akan mampu menjadi perekat antara semangat beragama dan komitmen kebangsaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat potret pemahaman moderasi beragama aktivis mahasiswa Kalimantan Timur sebagai respons atas meningkatnya pola pikir radikal dalam beragama di kalangan mahasiswa. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif. Data diolah dengan metode clustering dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk grafik dan naratif. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa di kalangan aktivis mahasiswa yang aktif berorganisasi, 57% menyatakan paham terkait moderasi beragama dan terdapat 43% yang belum paham memahaminya. Selain itu, masih ditemukan pola pikir yang mengarah kepada pola pikir eksklusif dan dapat menumbuhkan sikap ekstrem dan radikal dalam beragama, terutama dalam aspek wawasan keberagamaan yang meliputi penerimaan terhadap budaya, dan mudah menyesatkan amalan keagamaan yang berbeda dari amalan kelompoknya. Pemerintah dalam hal ini para stakeholder yang berkepentingan diharapkan mampu memfasilitasi penguatan moderasi beragama di kalangan mahasiswa sebagai bagian dari untuk mencegah lahirnya pola pikir, sikap, dan perilaku yang mengarah kepada radikalisme agama.

Pemanfaatan sabut kelapa yang terdiri dari Cocopeat dan Cocofiber dapat diolah menjadi kriya dan media tanam. Cocofiber dapat diolah menjadi produk peralatan rumah tangga, pot bunga, bahan baku industri carpet, jok dan dashboard mobil. Sedangkan cocopiet sendiri dapat digunakan sebagai media tanam yang mampu menyuburkan tumbuhan yang dapat menggantikan pemakaian pupuk yang lebih mahal, lebih ramah lingkungan dan renewable. Teknologi rotary screening machine dibuat bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan potensi sabut kelapa lokal yang meilmpah di wilayah pesisir Aceh Utara dan Lhokseumawe menjadi produk yang memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi hingga dapat meningkatkan potensi ekspor. Peningkatan potensi ekonomi ini diharapkan dapat membantu meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat atau petani kelapa sebagai produsen. Rotary Screening machine bekerja dengan cara menggantikan tangan manusia atau alat cacah tradisional sebagai penghancur serabut kelapa sekaligus dapat memilah atau memisahkan cocopeatnya. Rotary screening terpasang horizontal menggunakan transmisi roda gigi lurus yang berfungsi sebagai penyaluran putaran dari motor. Material dicurahkan langsung dari corong truk mixer dan dipisahkan di dalam tabung screening yang memiliki diameter 83 cm. Volume Run / kapasitas produksinya satu kali adalah sebanyak 70 kg dalam waktu 1 jam. menggunakan penggerak mesin diesel 8 HP sebagai pengganti motor listrik, ukuran panjang pengayak 3,5 m, menggunakan reducer UCF 50 untuk mengurangi kecepatan putaran menjadi 50 rpm, menggunakan jaring pengayak dengan ukuran 5 mm agar pengayakan serat pendek menjadi lebih cepat. Pada bagian dalam tabung screening terdapat pelat spiral yang berguna untuk mengalirkan material hingga ke sisi keluaran material. Sudut kemiringan tabung screening memudahkan material untuk turun. Putaran tabung screening didapatkan dengan hubungan langsung antara motor penggerak dengan poros yang berada di garis sumbu tabung screening. Material yang lolos jatuh dan tersimpan di outlet yang berada di bawah tabung screening sesuai dengan jenis materialnya masing-masing. Material dievakuasi dengan membuka gate pada oulet dengan mudah. Hasil campuran material yang telah dipisahkan kemudian tersimpan di bak portable yang berada di bawah tabung screening agar selanjutnya dapat dievakuasi dengan mudah. Kata kunci: Sabut kelapa, Rotary Screening Machine, Cocofiber, Cocofiber, Pemisahan

Antibiotic resistance is a global concern. Two members of the bacterial genus Elizabethkingia, namely, E. anophelis and E. meningoseptica have raised much concern in recent years because of their resistance to multiple commonly used antibiotics. Identification of multidrug resistant and pan-drug resistant bacteria has propelled the search for new antibiotics that can act on unconventional targets. Researches are going on to find out the possibility of using bacterial ribonucleotide reductases as a novel target for antibiotic development. Through in silico evaluations, this study aims for characterization and functional annotation of ribonucleotide reductase enzymes of E. anophelis and E. meningoseptica. Binding affinities with these enzymes of the compounds that have shown promising results in inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth by acting on its ribonucleotide reductase were also assessed by molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Insights from this study will help in battling these infections in the near future. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Environmental threats posed by the cement manufacturing industry and agro-industrial waste discharge have shifted the direction of research towards building sustainable construction without compromising the technical merits of the developed binders. Date palm trees are one of the highest numbers of trees in the world whose generated wastes can be beneficially recycled and reused by the concrete industry. In this study, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and date palm frond ash (DPFA)-based binders were synthesized by varying ratio of DPFA/(OPC + DPFA) between the range of 0 to 0.3 at an interval of 0.1. Both base materials were characterized by physical, chemical, and thermal techniques. The developed binders were assessed by flow, setting time, and compressive strength up to 360 days of curing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to complement the strength results. It is postulated that the DPFA/(OPC + DPFA) ratio of up to 0.2 outperforms the DPFA-free binder in terms of the overall performance. The properties of binders were negatively affected by the total precursor composition ratio of CaO/SiO2 and Al2O3/SiO2 below 2.06 and 0.18, respectively. The optimum synergy of OPC–DPFA resulted in superior microstructural density attributed to the uniform skeletal framework of gel products. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis of the use of DPFA in cementitious materials showed that there is a high potential for its use in terms of sustainability and economic benefits. However, various weaknesses and threats associated with the use of DPFA as a cementitious material need to be resolved.

Hydrogels have been the material of choice for regenerative medicine applications due to their biocompatibility that can facilitate cellular attachment and proliferation. The present study aimed at constructing a porous hydrogel composite scaffold (chitosan, sodium alginate and elastin) for the repair of chronic skin wounds. Chitosan-based hydrogel incorporating varying concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles i.e. ZnO-NPs (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 % w/w) as the antimicrobial agent tested against Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) exhibited good antibacterial activities. ZnO-NPs were characterized by UV visible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Fabricated gels were characterized by SEM analysis, FTIR, XRD, swelling ratio, degradation behavior and controlled release kinetics of ZnO-NPs. In vitro cytocompatibility of the composite was investigated using human adipose stem cells (ADSCs) by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, further assessed by SEM analysis and PKH26 staining. The SEM and XRD analysis confirmed the successful loading of ZnO-NPs into these scaffolds. Fluorescence PKH26 stained images and SEM analysis of ADSCs seeded scaffolds revealed biocompatible nature. The findings suggested that the developed composite gels have potential clinically for tissue engineering and chronic wound treatment. The authors acknowledge Dr. Muhammad Ali, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA, for checking the manuscript for English language, grammar, style and syntax. The authors acknowledge Higher Education Commission Pakistan for providing funding for conduct of this work from TDF 02-163 (Dr. Azra Mehmood) and HEC NRPU Project number 8762 (Dr. Muhammad Yar). Scopus

A hypothalamic neuropeptide, RF-amide related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), the mammalian ortholog of the avian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) has inhibitory signals for reproductive axis via G-protein coupled receptor 147 in mammals. Moreover, RFRP-3 has orexigenic action but the mechanism involved in energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism is not yet known. Though, the RFRP-3 modulates orexigenic action in co-operation with other neuropeptides, which regulates metabolic cues in the hypothalamus. Administration of GnIH/RFRP-3 suppresses plasma luteinizing hormone, at the same time stimulates feeding behavior in birds and mammals. Likewise, in the metabolically deficient conditions, its expression is up-regulated suggests that RFRP-3 contributes to the integration of energy balance and reproduction. However, in many other metabolic conditions like induced diabetes and high-fat diet obesity, etc. its role is still not clear while, RFRP-3 induces the glucose homeostasis by adipocytes is reported. The physiological role of RFRP-3 in metabolic homeostasis and the metabolic effects of RFRP-3 signaling in pharmacological studies need a detailed discussion. Further studies are required to find out whether RFRP-3 is associated with restricted neuroendocrine function observed in type II diabetes mellitus, aging, or sub-fertility. In this context, the current review is focused on the role of RFRP-3 in the above-mentioned mechanisms. Studies from search engines including PubMed, Google Scholar, and science.gov are included after following set inclusion/exclusion criteria. As a developing field few mechanisms are still inconclusive, however, based on the available information RFRP-3 seems to be a putative tool in future treatment strategies towards metabolic disease.

In this paper, an investigation of the effects of some physical parameters and Hall current on magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) fluid flow with heat flux over a porous medium was carefully examined, taking into consideration Hall effects where the temperature and concentration are assumed to be oscillating with time. Furthermore, perturbation method is used in solving the governing equations. The profiles of velocity, temperature and concentration are presented graphically, going into the problem the primary and secondary velocity are presented and compute for some physical parameters such as mass Grashof number (Gc), Schmidt number Sc, Prandtl number (Pr) viscoelastic parameter (K1) and hall current parameter (m). Results indicated that primary velocity increases with increase in values of Gc on one hand and on the other hand it decreases with increase in the values of Pr, K1 and m. Secondary velocity demonstrated opposite trend.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the time to sputum culture conversion (SCC) and its determinants among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to January 2020. A total of 252 MDR-TB patients presenting at a tertiary level teaching hospital in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), were included. The patient’s demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Time to SCC was calculated from the initiation of treatment till the patient had two consecutive negative cultures. The Cox proportional-hazards analysis was performed to check strength and association between the determinants and time for SCC. Results: Out of 252 MDR-TB patients enrolled, sputum culture conversion was observed in 76.6% of the patients by the end of six months. While, 19.0% of the patients failed to achieve negative culture and remained positive after interim report of their treatment. Age > 45 years (HR = 15.22; 95% CI: 7.27-31.83; p

The heavy metals were studied in water, sediments, algae, and various tissues of Glyptosternon reticulatum and Cyprinus carpio from River Swat, Pakistan, using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni were higher in water at sewage site compared to upstream and downstream sites. In sediments, the Ni and Cd were not detected whereas Cu, Pb and Zn were higher at downstream followed by sewage and upstream sites. The Ni and Zn in algae were higher at upstream and sewage sites compared to downstream site whereas Pb and Cd were higher at upstream site compared to sewage and downstream sites and Cu was found same at all the three sites. The heavy metals (Zn > Cu > Pb and Ni) in tissues (liver > gills > skin > muscles) of G. reticulatum was higher than in C. carpio. This study recommends the proper monitoring of River Swat in order to save its water and inhabitant aquatic life.

Therapeutic role of antioxidant against lipid profile and lipoprotein (choline) was observed by the different researchers, but clinical evidences required about the use of antioxidant vitamins against the lipoproteins. Patients with clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) confirmed by standard diagnostic techniques were followed. Newly or recently, diagnosed case subjects were recruited wherever possible. At least 120 cases, subjects both male and female with CVD were selected from a local hospital. Four groups developed on the base of antioxidant therapy and blood samples were collected at zero day, 20 days, 40 days and 60 days. vitamins C and E are the major dietary cellular and lipid antioxidants, respectively; we found no evidence to support the use of vitamin or antioxidant supplements in the reduction of mortality. However, they are helpful in the management of prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Whole-blood choline, plasma choline and serum choline are emerging biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). To examine the association of Whole-blood choline is an early predictor for cardiac events. In case control study, we enrolled 240 individuals including 120 normal (39 females and 82 males) and 120 cases (49 females and 71 males) where age limit was >40 years) Information through interviews, family disease history, 24 recall diet assessment and blood sampling. Odds ratios express the associated risks with CVD and without CVD patients. In healthy populations, good dietary habits and active lifestyle were observed. The number of participants with CVD were smokers than normal. In men, and women the risk was observed highly significant. (p=0.0049) Different blood parameters like Triglycerides, Uric Acid, Urea, Creatinine, CRP and ESR were non-significant observed. In females the low carbohydrates and high protein and frequent salad vegetable consumption observed. On the other hand, men consume more carbohydrates. Body mass index was significantly with p= 0.036 (OD 1.12 95% 1.00-1.26). The total fats (p=0.017) (OD 1.3301 95% 1.05-1.69) total carbohydrate (p=0.076) (OD 1.1536 95% 0.98-1.35) and total proteins (p=0.287) (OD 1.1456 95% 0.89-1.47) effecting respectively. The Blood choline level was significant observed between cases (p=0.026) OD (0.944 95%0.89- 0.99).