Search

Le présent article situe les données du problème reliées au rôle de l’intervenant d’origine ethnique en psychiatrie légale. Il soulève les points saillants concernant l’évaluation clinique et le diagnostic de patients d’ethnies autres que Québécoise. Un éclairage sur la problématique de l’émigré, sur les liens existant entre santé mentale et culture seront exposés. Un cas clinique étayera notre réflexion. Nos conclusions réfutent la nécessité d’être d’une même origine ethnique pour prendre en charge ou traiter un patient. Mais lors d’évaluations ou d’expertises psychiatriques et légales, la présence de l’intervenant homoethnique qui crée un « pont inter culturel » entre le clinicien et le patient est importante. C’est ce rôle de coordination et de jonction entre deux cultures que devraient jouer les cliniques transculturelles.

BACKGROUND 18F-FDG PET/CT predicts cardiovascular disease. To analyze the predictive value of cardiovascular events from inflammation and arterial calcification in patients who underwent an 18F-FDG PET/CT for lung cancer. METHODS A retrospective study of 274 patients with primary lung neoplasia. We determined: (i) TBR (target-to-background ratio), and (ii) the calcium score, at eight common arterial segments. We took as arteriosclerosis, a TBR ≥1.6 and ≥15 Calcium Score sum. We registered cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, histology, stage, treatment, status at the last clinical review, cause of death and cardiovascular event during the follow-up. RESULTS The territory presenting the greatest uptake of 18F-FDG, was the thoracic aorta with an average of 1.77 (± 0.27 TBR) in the aortic arch, while the greatest degree of calcification was obtained in the abdominal aorta (52% with a Calcium Score ≥ 3). 24% of the patients presented a sum Calcium Score ≥15, and 17% a TBR ≥1.6. Patients with high TBR, (17%), had not a higher frequency of cardiovascular comorbidities beforehand, nor did they in the follow-up. However, those with a sum Calcium Score ≥15 (24%), were older, had more cardiovascular risk factors and ischemic events during follow-up. The calcium score, but not the TBR, predicted the emergence of a cardiovascular event (HR 4.9 IC95% 2.1-9.1, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In our cohort, a high Calcium Score was an independent predictor for developing cardiovascular events.

Prevencion primaria. La prevencion de la arteriosclerosis pasa en primer lugar por identificar a los pacientes de alto riesgo; en nuestro pais, estos sujetos son aquellos que ya han tenido un episodio isquemico, los diabeticos tipo 1 con microalbuminuria o diabeticos tipo 2 y aquellos que alcancen un riesgo de muerte vascular en la puntuacion SCORE de mas del 5% a los 10 anos. Medidas no farmacologicas. Enmarcadas dentro del concepto de estilo de vida saludable, son la base de la prevencion de la enfermedad y cuentan con grandes ventajas: se pueden aconsejar a toda la poblacion, incluida la infantil, las medidas son baratas, no tienen apenas efectos adversos y han demostrado su eficiencia a traves de ensayos clinicos y estudios epidemiologicos. Dislipidemias. Las estatinas son el grupo terapeutico de eleccion en el tratamiento de la hipercolesterolemia y de la arteriosclerosis. La dosis depende del farmaco elegido, la gravedad de la hiperlipidemia y del objetivo terapeutico, ademas de otras consideraciones farmacocineticas. Diabetes mellitus. A los pacientes diabeticos se les debe tratar de forma mas energica las elevaciones de los lipidos y de la presion arterial que a los sujetos no diabeticos, ya que son estos dos factores los que mas predisponen a la enfermedad macrovascular. Respecto del control glucemico, tienen preferencia los hipoglucemiantes orales que reducen la resistencia a la insulina. Hipertension arterial. Varios grupos terapeuticos para el control de la hipertension arterial son eficaces en reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad vascular; la eleccion del hipotensor esta condicionada por las comorbilidades.

The Komesaroff machine is a low-flow, closed-circle circuit with a low resistance vaporiser, of the Goldman type, in circuit. This trial assessed the mechanical consistency of the delivery of isoflurane by the vaporisers, and used six dogs to compare the in vivo cardiorespiratory effects of the anaesthetic agent delivered by the Komesaroff machine with the effects of a circle system with high flows in the semi-closed mode. The delivery of isoflurane was constant for each vaporiser setting and no potentially dangerous concentrations of isoflurane were observed. The mean (sem) percentages of isoflurane were 0.18 (0.019) at setting I, 1.46 (0.055) at setting II, 3.12 (0.066) at setting III and 3.01 (0.047) at setting IV. There were no significant differences between the two types of circuit in vivo, and the measured haemodynamic variables were satisfactory throughout the experiments.

To describe the evolution of pH values during the ripening process of fermented sausages, the use of a mathematical model is proposed. The model is both easy to use and statistically adequate. It can be employed to distinguish the different stages in the acidification process associated with the fermentation of sausages. It can be successfully used in the control of the manufacture of sausages when this is carried out in temperature-controlled chambers equipped with a microprocessor to continuously record pH values. The mathematical development of the function shows that the most rapid decline in pH occurs on the second day of ripening, coinciding with the highest levels of microbial development; on the 9th hour of the third day a stationary phase begins, which undergoes a slight increase from the 14th day. In order to better interpret the process, various parameters involved in the proton concentration of the sausage mixture were determined: water activity, fermentative microbial population (Lactobacillaceae, Micrococcaceae) and metabolites derived from fermentative enzyme activity (lactic acid, acetic acid, total free fatty acids, total free amino acids).

Rationale and objectives The local effects on the small intestine and systemic changes produced by different contrast media in small bowel obstruction, with time courses of 4 days, were evaluated. Materials and methods Four groups, each with 10 normal rats and another four groups (also each with 10 rats) that had ligation of the terminal ileum (obstructed rats) for 4 days were given 3 mL of barium, meglumine sodium diatrizoate, iohexol, or saline (control animals). Radiographs were taken immediately, 1 and 4 hours after administration of contrast media. Immediately before sacrifice, blood samples were taken to determine the hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), and serum sodium, and potassium and chloride concentrations. Specimens of small bowel were taken for histologic and morphometric analysis. Results In obstructed rats, the image quality with iohexol improved on final radiographs despite being diluted in the great intestinal contents. There was an improvement in the serum electrolyte concentrations in the obstructed animals that were given any one of the contrast media, the best improvement being in the iohexol groups. A shortening of the length of epithelial cells when any one of the contrast media was administered was observed, as was an increase in the lymphatic space area in the diatrizoate group in normal rats. In the bowel proximal to the obstruction, the lymphatic space area was increased in the diatrizoate group and the size of the epithelial cells was higher in the diatrizoate and iohexol groups compared to the barium and saline groups. Conclusion Our results suggest that iohexol offers good radiologic efficacy and excellent systemic and local tolerance in small bowel obstruction.

The evolution of Lactobacillus spp. during the curing process of dry fermented sausage (Chorizo), has been studied under natural climatic conditions and in a controlled drying chamber, with regulated temperature and relative humidity. In order to fully understand the development of the microorganisms in each of these two cases, it applied a mathematical model based on a modified Gompertz equation. The proposed mathematical function is easy to use and statistically appropriate. Furthermore, it allows the distinction to be made between the four phases which characterise the behaviour of these microorganims during the curing of the sausage (a) latency from an initial threshold level; (b) exponential growth; (c) stationary state; (d) depletion to a residual level. The mathematical analysis of this function has highlighted certain differences in the behaviour of the microbial flora depending on the technological conditions to which the drying of the sausages is subjected. Under the climatically controlled conditions of the drying process, a better development of the Lactobacillus spp. is observed, but conversely the final stage of the exponential growth is brought forward, the length of the stationary phase is shortened and is reached before the end of the drying period, at which point the marginal decline of the microorganisms becomes ever more reduced.

Rationale and objectives Plasma and urinary iodine concentrations were assessed after oral administration of iohexol in five dogs and five cats. Materials and methods Ventrodorsal and right lateral radiographs were taken; a 3-mL blood sample was collected 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after dose in each animal; and the bladder was emptied at 2 and 6 hours in dogs and at 6 hours in cats after oral administration of 700 mg I/kg iohexol (300 mg I/mL). Iodine concentration was measured using a sequential inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer system. Results Peak concentrations of plasma iodine were detected in samples taken from both dogs (0.33 mg I/mL) and cats (0.28 mg I/mL) 30 minutes after iohexol administration, with a gradual decline at 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours. Total urinary excretion during the 6 hours after the administration does of iohexol was higher (4.3%) in cats than in dogs (2.0%). In each species, there was a relationship between gastrointestinal motility observed radiographically and the subsequent excretion of iodine in the urine. Conclusions Results indicate that approximately 2% of the oral dose is absorbed and excreted in the urine of dogs within 6 hours, and approximately 4% of the dose is absorbed and excreted in cats.

Prunus necrotic ringspot rvirus (PNRSV) was able to invade the immature apricot seed including the embryo. The amount of virus was very high inside the embryo compared with that present in the cotyledons. PNRSV infection produced an oxidative stress in apricot seeds as indicated by the increase in lipid peroxidation, measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. This lipid peroxidation increase was parallelled with an imbalance in the seed antioxidant enzymes. A significant decrease in the ascorbate-GSH cycle enzymes as well as in peroxidase (POX) activity took place in infected seeds, suggesting a low capability to eliminate H2O2. No changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase activity were observed. A significant decrease in polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity was also observed. Native PAGE revealed the presence of three different SOD activity bands in apricot seeds: a Mn-containing SOD and two CuZn-containing SODs. Only an isozyme with catalase, glutathione reductase (GR) or PPO activity was detected in both healthy and infected apricot seeds. Regarding POX staining, three bands with POX activity were detected in native gels in both healthy and infected seeds. The gel results emphasise that the drop detected in POX, GR and PPO activities in PNRSV-infected apricot seeds by kinetic analyses was also evident from the results obtained by native PAGE. The oxidative stress and the imbalance in the antioxidant systems from PNRSV-infected apricot seeds resemble the hypersensitive response observed in some virus-host interactions. This defence mechanism would inactivate PNRSV during seed formation and/or the storage period or even during seed germination. Those results can explain the decrease in seed germination and the low transmission of PNRSV by seeds in apricot trees.

This paper deals with the developing of a new simple and repetitive technique to preferentially stain DNA-containing structures at the E.M. level that can be used “en bloc” and on sections. DNA staining techniques are scarce, being the osmium ammine one the only cytochemical method known until now that specifically stains DNA but not the proteins that are complexed with it, having been used to study chromatin ultrastructure. The osmium ammine synthesis is a complex process and, although an improvement has been lately reported, the stain is not comercially available.Glutaraldehyde-fixedAllium cepa L. root meristematic cells,Capsicum annuum L. & Scilla peruviana L. pollen grains were treated with 0.5N NaOH in 4% formaldehyde overnight, rinsed in water and 1% acetic acid, methanol dehydrated, and inmersed in methanol-acetic anhydride (5:1) at 25ºC overnight. Then, the samples were Epon embedded. To perform the technique on sections, some samples were glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde fixed, methanol dehydrated, Lowicryl embedded at -20ºC and ultrathin sections were treated in the same way as in the “en bloc” procedure.

Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) infection in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi nc plants induces the expression of, among others, basic and acidic chitinases at 3 d.p.i. (days postinoculation) and 8 d.p.i. in inoculated and uninoculated, systemically infected leaves, respectively. The spatial distribution of the acidictobacco chitinases (PR-P and PR-Q) mRNAs in CLRV-infected tobacco leaves has been studied by tissue printing and Northern (RNA) blot analysis. The mRNA was preferentially detected in and around the concentric necrotic rings caused by the viral infection. In addition, the accumulation pattern of the proteins was very similar although a basal signal was detected in nonsymptomatic tissue in uninoculated, systemically infected leaves. These results indicate a positive association of acidic chitinase gene expression with the necrotic tissue, where the virus is mainly localized, in the CLRV-tobacco interaction.