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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease and a common cause of joint pain, functional loss, and disability. Besides focusing only on pain relief, conventional treatments have shown some serious adverse effects, especially with the use of corticosteroids...

To compare the outcomes of an aquatic interval training program (AITP) and a Halliwick training program (HTP) in young children with cerebral palsy (CP)...

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a chronic disorder that predominately affects middle-aged women in the postmenopausal period. The condition is distinguished by burning symptoms of the oral mucosa and the absence of any clinical signs. The etiology of BMS is complex and it includes a variety of factors. Local, systemic and psychological factors such as stress, anxiety and depression are listed among the possible causes of BMS. May sometimes be classified as BMS Type I, II or III. Although this syndrome is not accompanied by evident organic alterations and it does not present health risks, it can significantly reduce the patient’s quality of life. This study analyzes the available literature related to BMS, and makes special reference to its therapeutic management. The pages that follow will also discuss the diagnostic criteria that should be respected, etiological factors, and clinical aspects. We used the PubMed database and searched it by using the keywords “burning mouth syndrome”, “BMS and review”, and “burning mouth and review”, in the title or abstract of the publication. BMS treatment usually steers towards the management of the symptoms, however, the specific local factors that could play a significant role in worsening the oral burning sensation should be eradicated. The most widely accepted treatment options that show variable results include tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines and antipsychotic drugs; nevertheless there are other therapies that can also be carried out. Professionals that work in the field of dentistry should formulate standardized symptomatic and diagnostic criteria in order to more easily identify the most effective and reliable strategies in BMS treatment through multidisciplinary research.

Introduction. Ossified yellow ligaments are a rare cause of thoracic myelopathy, which has been reparted mainly in Japanese patients. The lower thoracic spine is the most common site affected and symptomatic patients usually begin to develop spactic paraparesis in combination with reduced depth sensation. Clinical case. A 45-year-old female that since 8 months presented progressive gait disturbance with paresthesias to both lower extremities. Neurologic examination revealed a spactic gait with exaggeration of lower extremities reflexes, positive bilateral Babinski sign and reduced depth sensation. The MRI revealed concentric narrowing of the spinal canal between D 8 to D 1 1 with spinal cord compression due to enlarged calcified yellow liguments and hyperirophy of articular processes. A D 9 -D 1 0 laminectomy was performed, with removed of calcified yellow ligaments, and foraminotomy in affected levels. The post-operative follow-up during 30 months has been uneventful. Conclusion. Calcified yellow ligaments are a poorly understood cause of thoracic myelopathy which should be treated as early as possible in symptomatic patients.