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To evaluate whether mirtazapine and mesna have protective effects on cisplatin-induced ovarian injury. A total of 32 female Wistar Albino rats were divided into 4 groups (8 rats per group) and included in the study. No medication was administered to the first group; only intervention was that their ovaries were removed and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) values were measured. The second group received intramuscular cisplatin at a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg. The third group received a single dose of 200 mg/kg mesna intraperitoneally, and 30 minutes later, a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg intramuscular cisplatin was administered. The fourth group received oral 30 mg/kg mirtazapine, and 60 minutes later, a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg intramuscular cisplatin was administered. Oral 30 mg/kg mirtazapine was continued for ten days. Ovaries and AMH values of all groups were evaluated at the end of tenth day. In the cisplatin group when compared to normal ovarian tissue total histopathological damage score increased (p=0.037), preantral follicle count decreased (p=0.003) and AMH levels decreased (p

Objective: Our aim is to evaluate whether dehydroepiandrosterone has a protective effect on doxorubicin-induced ovarian damage.Methods: The rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 (the control Group): no treatment was administered. Intact ovarian tissue was removed, and blood samples were taken for the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) test. Group 2 (the doxorubicin Group): Rats received doxorubicin intraperitoneally at a single dose of 3 mg/kg. Group 3 (the doxorubicin + DHEA Group): Rats received doxorubicin intraperitoneally at a single dose of 3 mg/kg at baseline and DHEA subcutaneously for 10 days at a dose of 60 mg/kg daily. Rats in groups 2 and 3 were sacrificed at the end of 10 days, ovarian tissues were removed and blood samples were taken for AMH test.Results: While normal ovarian tissue damage scores were zero except hemorrhage, doxorubicin showed significant damage and histopathological changes in all rats. Doxorubicin and Doxorubicin + DHEA groups had higher edema, vascular congestion, cellular degeneration, and total damage scores than the normal ovarian group. The number of antral follicles and ovarian volume decreased in the doxorubicin group compared to the normal ovarian group (p = 0.011 and 0.002, respectively). In the doxorubicin + DHEA group, ovarian volume was similar to the normal ovary (p = 0.091), but the number of antral follicles was significantly lower in this group (p = 0.002). AMH values did not differ between the normal ovarian group and the other groups. Conclusions: It was concluded that DHEA was not effective in preventing ovarian damage caused by doxorubicin., Amaç : Amacımız, dehidroepiandrosteronun (DHEA) doksorubisine bağlı over hasarı üzerinde koruyucu bir etkisi olup olmadığını değerlendirmektir. Metod: Ratlar üç gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1 (kontrol grubu) tedavi uygulanmadı. Sağlam over dokusu çıkarıldı ve Anti-Mulleran Hormon (AMH) testi için kan örnekleri alındı. Grup 2 (doksorubisin grubu), ratlara 3 mg/kg'lık tek bir dozda intraperitonal yoldan doksorubisin verildi. Grup 3 (doksorubisin + DHEA grubu), ratlara intraperitonal yolla 3 mg/kg'lık tek bir dozda ve günde 60 mg / kg'lık bir dozda subcutan DHEA'ya ilaveten tek doz doz doksorubisin verildi. Grup 2 ve 3'teki ratların onuncu günün sonunda yumurtalık dokuları alındı ve AMH testi için kan örnekleri alındı. Bulgular: Normal over doku hasarı skorları kanama dışında sıfır olmakla birlikte, doksorubisin tüm deneklerde anlamlı hasar ve histopatolojik değişiklikler gösterdi. Doksorubisin ve Doksorubisin + DHEA gruplarında normal over grubundan daha yüksek ödem, vasküler konjesyon, hücresel dejenerasyon ve toplam hasar skorları vardı. Antral folikül sayısı ve yumurtalık hacmi doksorubisin grubunda normal over grubuna göre azaldı (sırasıyla p = 0.011 ve 0.002). Doksorubisin + DHEA grubundaki over hacmi, normal over hacmine benzerdi (p = 0.091), ancak antral folikül sayısı bu grupta anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü (p = 0.002). AMH değerleri normal over grubu ile diğer gruplar arasında farklılık göstermedi. Sonuç : DHEA'nın doksorubisinin neden olduğu over hasarını önlemede etkili olmadığı sonucuna varıldı.

The antrochoanal polyp (ACP), also known as Killian's polyp, is a benign, solid polypoid lesion which is originating from the inflammatory mucosa of the maxillary sinus, and extend into the nose, choana and nasopharynx through the maxillary ostium. Although ACP is rare, it is even more rare in children and cystic fibrosis is an important risk factor in children. Although the etiology is not completely known, allergy and sinonasal disease play an important role. They are usually seen unilateral but rarely bilateral. A 13-year-old girl presented to us with nasal obstruction, snoring and obstructive sleep apnea attacks. Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed with the aid of a transoral route in this giant ACP which is extending to the epiglottis.

INTRODUCTION[|]Formalin fixation results in decrease in the size of resection materials up to 57% in different tissues. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of formalin fixation on the longitudinal size and tumor size of resected colon tissue because of a sigmoid colon tumor.[¤]METHODS[|]This prospective study was conducted with 40 consecutive sigmoid colon tumor patients who underwent elective resection between January and December 2016. The surgeon conducting the study opened up the specimens within 15 minutes of resection, and the total length of the resected colon, size of the tumor, and proximal and distal surgical margin distances were then measured. The pathologist then recorded the measurements, without applying any stretch.[¤]RESULTS[|]The mean total length, proximal surgical margin distance, distal surgical margin distance, and size of the tumor in the resected material were 32.9 cm, 16.7 cm, 12.1 cm, and 4.8 cm, respectively. Postformalin fixation values were 22.0 cm, 10.6 cm, 7.4 cm, and 4.2 cm, respectively, in the same order (p=0.00 for all).[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]The results of the present study revealed 34% shrinkage in the total size of colon material following fixation. The effect of formalin fixation on shrinkage should be considered in cases where there is an unexpected proximity to surgical margins, as shown by the pathology results.[¤]

INTRODUCTION[|]Rhinitis medicamentosa (RM) is a nonallergic form of rhinitis, mostly associated with prolonged, excessive, and improper use of topical decongestants. The only effective treatment for this is nasal steroids. This study aimed to reverse the mucosal changes in RM by the use of surfactant. Different molecules were applied to each group to compare surfactant's effectiveness.[¤]METHODS[|]Thirty rats were divided into five groups. All groups were treated with topical oxymetazoline 0.05% for 30 days. Loss of cilia, congestion, edema, goblet cell growth, and increase in mucous glands, squamous metaplasia, and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration were set as the main parameters. Rats in group 5 were sacrificed; all proved the presence of mucosal changes in compliance with RM. All groups were continued to be treated with oxymetazoline even during the histopathological examination period of 15 days. Treatment modalities of each group for 15 days were as follows: saline wash (0.09% NaCl) in group 1, mometasone furoate monohydrate 50 μg 0.05% in group 2, surfactant wash solution 1 drop/100 cc in group 3, and intranasal surfactant solution with mometasone furoate monohydrate 0.05% in group 4. All rats were decapitated and sent for histopathological evaluation at the end of day 60.[¤]RESULTS[|]A significant regression in the nasal mucosal congestion was found in groups treated with saline and mometasone furoate (p=0.005). No significant difference was found between groups when evaluating for regression of loss of cilia but unpredictably was seen in saline group by 83%. Surfactant/mometasone furoate combination therapy was found to be significantly ineffective for treatment of edema (p=0.013). No statistical difference was found between the groups in terms of chronic inflammatory cell infiltration (p=0.115). Squamous metaplasia was observed in all treatment groups, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.076).[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Surfactant or its combination with nasal steroid is not significantly effective in the treatment of RM.[¤]

INTRODUCTION[|]The aim of the present study was to determine the density of nerve fibers in the functional layer of the endometrium in patients with endometriosis in order to determine if it could be used as a minimally invasive diagnostic method for endometriosis. A secondary goal was to assess the relationship between the severity of pelvic pain due to endometriosis and the density of nerve fibers in endometrial sampling materials.[¤]METHODS[|]Endometrial sampling was performed in 67 patients who presented at the hospital between August 2011 and November 2012. Endometriosis was diagnosed by surgical histopathological examination. A total of 34 patients diagnosed with endometriosis were selected as the study group. Thirty-three patients who were operated on for benign conditions other than endometriosis were selected as a control group. Immunohistochemical detection of the nerve fiber marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) was used to analyze the endometrial samples for nerve fibers. Visual Analogue Scale scores were used to evaluate the correlation between nerve fiber density and the severity of pelvic pain. Statistical analyses were calculated with SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).[¤]RESULTS[|]The mean density of nerve fibers was 1.85+-1.74 fibers/mm2 in the endometriosis group. In the control group, the mean density was 1.15+-1.48 fibers/mm2. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.08). The pelvic pain score did not correlate with PGP 9.5 intensity. [¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]The detection and measurement of nerve fibers in the eutopic endometrium using the PGP 9.5 marker was not found to be a decisive noninvasive method to diagnose endometriosis.[¤]

Experimental reports showed carcinogenic effects of artificial food colors and additives (AFCAs) on many organs, including the head and neck region. We aimed to investigate the effect of AFCAs on laryngeal histomorphology and immunohistochemical expression in maternally exposed rats. "No observable adverse effect levels" of commonly used AFCAs as a mixture were given to female rats before and during gestation. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were evaluated in their offspring. Significant decreasing in goblet cell count and cilia loss were observed with AFCAs in maternally exposed rats (p

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether smoking causes pathological changes, comparing intensity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in smokers' and nonsmokers' pericoronal follicles located around asymptomatic impacted lower third molars. STUDY DESIGN Eighty-two dental follicles were collected from asymptomatic mandibular third molars of 41 smoker and 41 nonsmoker patients. Specimens were examined immunohistochemically using antibody against EGFR. RESULTS The expression of EGFR in smokers' pericoronal follicles was higher as compared with nonsmokers (P = 0.036). Also, high EGFR expression was detected in female smokers than in female nonsmokers (P = 0.01). There was a statistically significant correlation between pack-years and EGFR expression intensity in male patients. CONCLUSIONS The risk of pathological differentiation in pericoronal tissues of smoking patients is higher than in the nonsmoking patients. This factor may be taken into account when deciding whether to remove an asymptomatic impacted lower third molar.

BASAK, KAYHAN/0000-0003-1960-8924; Gultekin, Fatih/0000-0003-2888-3215; Bozer, Busra/0000-0002-7280-4417 WOS: 000411222500004 PubMed: 27852938 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) metabolize and detoxify carcinogens, drugs, environmental pollutants, and reactive oxygen species. Changes of GST expression in tissues and gene mutations have been reported in association with many neoplastic skin diseases and dermatoses. Widely used artificial food coloring additives (AFCAs) also reported to effect primarily behavioral and cognitive function and cause neoplastic diseases and several inflammatory skin diseases. We aimed to identify the changes in expression of GSTs, CYP1A1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rat skin which were maternally exposed AFCAs. A rat model was designed to evaluate the effects of maternal exposure of AFCAs on skin in rats. No observable adverse effect levels of commonly used AFCAs as a mixture were given to female rats before and during gestation. Immunohistochemical expression of GSTs, CYP1A1, and VEGF was evaluated in their offspring. CYP1A1, glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP), glutathione S-transferase alpha (GSTA), glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM), glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT), and VEGF were expressed by epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, sebaceous glands, hair follicle, and subcutaneous striated muscle in the normal skin. CYP1A1, GSTA, and GSTT were expressed at all microanatomical sites of skin in varying degrees. The expressions of CYP1A1, GSTA, GSTT, and VEGF were decreased significantly, while GSTM expression on sebaceous gland and hair follicle was increased. Maternal exposure of AFCAs apparently effects expression of the CYP1A1, GSTs, and VEGF in the skin. This prominent change of expressions might play role in neoplastic and nonneoplastic skin diseases.

OBJECTIVE Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used in cancer treatment. Numerous side effects have been detected, one of which is ototoxicity. Melatonin, a product of the pineal gland, has a neuroendocrinoimmunological role in vertebrates. In the present study, we investigated the effects of melatonin on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 was administered both intraperitoneal and transtympanic saline; Group 2, 12 mg/kg of intraperitoneal single-dose cisplatin and transtympanic saline; and Group 3, 12 mg/kg of intraperitoneal single-dose cisplatin and 0.1 mg/mL of transtympanic melatonin for 5 days. Before and after the procedure, distortion product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses of all the rats were measured. At the end of the procedure, the cochleas of the rats were investigated at the microscopic level. RESULTS Group 3 had lesser threshold shift in otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses at all frequencies than Group 2 (p

Objectives: Osseous dysplasias are the most common subtype of fibro-osseous lesions of the maxillofacial bones. They are benign and often present as incidental asymptomatic lesions. Diagnosis can be made with clinical and radiographic examination. Case report: This article reports the case of a 47-year-old man with a huge cementifying osseous dysplasia of the maxilla that presented with secondary infection after teeth extraction and repair of oroantral fistula. A subtotal maxillectomy had to be done after conservative treatment failed to resolve the infection. Discussion/Conclusion: Biopsy, tooth extraction or surgical trauma to the affected bones of osseous dysplasia could easily lead to severe secondary infection, the treatment of which may be very difficult, and thus should be avoided if possible.

Objective: Basal cell adenomas are rare form of monomorfic adenomas of the parotid gland. This rare form of the tumors are mostly seen on suprafacial part of the parotid gland. Basal cell adenomas are well demarcated and asymptomatic tumors that can be treated by surgical removal. *Corresponding author: Demir MG, M.D., Yenisehir mah.Sena sok. dumankaya konsept sitesi 20.parsel, A2/6 kurtkoy, Pendik-Istanbul/Turkey, 34860, Fax: +902163520083, Tel: +902164413900, GSM: +90 5300403925, E-mail: mgokhandemir@yahoo.com Demir MG*1, Aydin S2 and Basak K3 Citation: Demir MG, Aydin S, Basak K (2014) Basal Cell Adenoma of the Parotid Gland: Case Report. SAJ Cas Rep 1(3): 301. doi: 10.18875/2375-7043.1.301 Volume 1 | Issue 3 Volume 1 | Issue 3 Case Report Open Access SAJ Case Reports www.scholarena.com Salivary gland tumors constitute only 2% to 6, 5% of all head and neck region tumors. Because of lots of types are defined, it is hard to diagnose the tumor definitely. Basal cell adenoma (BCA) is a rare neoplasm consisting of a monomorphic population of basaloid epithelial cells and accounts for 1-3% of all salivary gland tumors [1]. Most of these tumors are located on the parotid region. Also most of the parotid benign tumors are located on the superficial lobe. Introduction ISSN: 2375-7043 Case report: 48 years old female referred to our clinic with complaint of right sided asymptomatic preauricular swelling over 8 months. On the magnetic resonance examination on the right side of the parotid region, there was a contrast enhanced well demarcated, about 1,9x1,5 cm in size, round shaped mass lesion on T2 weighted view. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was not conclusive. Treatment and Prognosis: We planned superfacial parotidectomy but during surgery we recognize that the tumor was located on the deep lobe of the gland so performed partial parotidectomy for diagnosis and treatment. The pathologic investigation revealed basal cell adenoma. Recurrence was not detected in the 2 year follow up. Conclusion: Basal cell adenomas are rare form of parotid benign adenomas which can be misdiagnosed with malign tumors such as adenoid cystic carcinoma. The diagnosis with fine needle aspiration is difficult so when detected on physical examination on parotid region we should not insist on fine neddle aspiration biopsy to diagnosis. We represent basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland which was located on the deep lobe of the gland with unusual location The tumor was excised successfully without total parotidectomy. A 48 year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic, who suffered from asymptomatic right preauricular mass lesion for about 8 months. On the physical examination there was a palpable approximately 1x1 cm in size, well demarcated, painless, mobile mass located on anterior side of the tragus. According to the magnetic resonance image (MRI) examination on the right side of the parotid region, there was a contrast enhanced well demarcated, about 1,9x1,5 cm in size, round shaped mass lesion on T2 weighted view (Figure 1a,b). Case report Article history: Received: 14 October 2014 Accepted: 11 February 2015 Published: 13 February 2015

Trihcofolliculoma is an uncommon, benign hamartomatous neoplasm of the hair fol - licle, most commonly occurring in the head and neck region of the adults. It tends to locate on the face and scalp. Other rare sites of occurrence include vulva, eyelid and upper lip. Clinically, the le - sions are small, range from 0.2 to 0.5 cm in diameter, and appear as whitish-red or pearly papules or as smooth nodules, sometimes with a central pore containing wool-like wisps of immature hair. External auditory canal is an extremely rare localization of trichofolliculoma, and to the best of our knowledge, only three cases have been reported in the literature until now. In this report, we pre - sented an unusual case of trichofolliculoma localized in the external auditory canal leading to hear - ing loss. In this case, surgical excision was enough to treat external auditory canal mass which was a trichofolliculoma.

Cutaneous angiosarcoma is an uncommon, potentially metastatic and highly aggressive vascular tumor that may arise as de novo or be associated with previous radiotherapy. A 70-year-old female with a solitary lesion on the nose was initially diagnosed as actinic keratosis. However, when the recurring lesion at the same region within 6 months was reexcised, the histological diagnosis was definitively established as well-differentiated angiosarcoma. This case was presented in order to increase awareness of this rare malignancy in an uncommon localisation, especially in the light of pathological findings. Moreover, occurrence of cutaneous angiosarcoma within a short period following a previous excision in a patient with a history of multiple nonmelanoma skin cancers was interestingly pointed out. _______________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: angiosarcoma; face; nonmelanoma skin cancers. _______________________________________________________________________________________

Oncocytic cystadenoma is a benign tumor of salivary glands, histologically characterized by multicystic growth of the oncocytic epithelial lining. Crystals in different shapes and nature associate oncocytic type of salivary gland neoplasms. An 82 year-old woman with right parotideal mass had an operation of superficial parotidectomy. Histological examination revealed multiple unilocular or multilocular cystic lesions with incomplete fibrous capsule, papillary foldings, and 1 or 2 layers of oncocytic epithelium lines. The epithelium lining the cysts were positive for CK8, CK14, CK18, CK19, and negative for SMA, S-100, and p63 immunohistochemically. Cystadenomas were described as mostly multilocular and we presented a multifocal cystic neoplastic lesion lined by oncocytic type epithelial cells with intraluminal crystalloids. Multiple cysts forming morphology, incomplete fibrous capsule of most cysts and immunohistocemical findings were considered as multiple oncocytic cystadenoma with intraluminal crystalloids in the parotid gland.

Fibromyxomas are uncommonly encountered pathologies in the head and neck region. They are slow growing, which result in expansion of the surrounding bony cortices. In this article, we report an extremely rare case of frontal sinus fibromyxoma which occluded the frontal sinus and expanded anterior ethmoid cells and nasal dorsum. Initially, it was suspected to be a mucocele. Surgical resection with a wide excision was performed and it was diagnosed as fibromyxoma, histopathologically.

Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma is a rare disease characterized by annular configurated lesions with typical histopathologic findings. We report a case of annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma in a 50-year-old male patient. Treatment modalities for this disease are limited and mostly unsatisfactory, although isotretinoin was found to be effective in a single case. However, systemic isotretinoin treatment of 12 weeks' duration was of no benefit in the presented case.