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BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a syndrome characterized by transient, rigid, paroxysmal, and repetitive central nervous system dysfunction. Prevention, control, and improvement of cognitive and behavioral dysfunction are of great significance for improving the patients’ intellectual development and quality of life. Electroencephalograms (EEG) can predict an accelerated decline in cognitive function. AIM To determine the clinical and EEG characteristics and treatment results of benign epilepsy in spiking children. METHODS A total of 106 cases of benign epilepsy in children with myocardial spines treated at our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were selected. Differences in clinical data and EGG characteristics between treatment-effective/-ineffective patients were analyzed, and children’s intellectual development before and after treatment evaluated using the Gesell Development Diagnostic Scale. RESULTS EEG showed that the discharge proportion in the awake and sleep periods was 66.04%, and the peak/peak discharge was mainly single-sided, accounting for 81.13%, while the discharge generalization accounted for 31.13%. There was no significant difference in any of these variables between sexes and ages (P > 0.05). The proportion of patients with early onset (< 5 years old) and seizure frequency > 3 times/half a year was 40.00% and 60.00%, respectively; the incidence rate and seizure frequency in the younger age group (< 5 years old) were significantly higher than those in the treatment-effective group (P < 0.05), while the discharge index was significantly lower than that in the treatment-effective group (P < 0.05). The discharge index was negatively correlated with fine motor skill and language development (r = -0.274 and -0.247, respectively; P < 0.05), but not with the rest (P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that low age onset (< 5 years old) and seizure frequency were the factors affecting ineffective-treatment of benign epilepsy in children (odds ratio = 11.304 and 5.784, respectively; P < 0.05). The discharge index of the responsive group after treatment was significantly lower than that of the unresponsive group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between groups after treatment in gross and fine motor skills, adaptability, language, and personal social development (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The EEG of children with benign epilepsy due to spinal wave in central time zone has characteristic changes, and the therapeutic effect is influenced by age of onset and attack frequency.

The principle of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Homotopy Optimization (HO) is introduced. For the purpose of improving the local-searching efficiency of the PSO，HO-PSO is presented by combining the PSO with HO. New space homotopy curve produced by homotopy particle function directs the particle’s local optimization. For comparison，the methods of HO-PSO, PSO and FEM(Finite Element Method) are used to calculate the tunnel parameter inversion of the Shuibuya Project on the basis of the measured displacements. The result shows that HO-PSO takes smaller time compared with PSO and FEM in a same precision level, and the calculated values are in good agreement with the measured values，which also indicate that the HO-PSO can be well applied to the displacement back analysis in tunnel engineering.

Based on the property that micro-cells strength is consistent with lognormal distribution function, this paper presented a new statistical damage softening constitutive model simulating the full process of strain softening for rock. Through discussing the characteristics of random distributions for rock micro-cells strength, lognormal distribution assumption is tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test in statistics, and the reasonable method of geometry boundary condition is selected to determine model parameters that can be easily applied to the situations under different complex conditions. Gabbro experiment comparative analyses show that the new damage softening constitutive model is rational and convenient in engineering.