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Background: Acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol) is the most frequently used over-the counter analgesic and antipyretic drug. Conversely, its overdose leads to both liver and kidney damage. Several scientific reports have focused majorly on protective effects of medicinal plants on APAP –induced hepato-renal-toxicity. actually, there is a dearth of work on the hepato-renal-curative effects of the herbal drugs supplements on APAP induced toxicity. Aims: In the present study, Aloe vera (ALOV) gel versus Moringa oleifera (MORN) leaf supplement effects was evaluated curatively against Acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepato- renal-toxicity. Study Design: This study was an experimental study in the Animal House of the Department of Pharmacology University of Port Harcourt. The work lasted for 7 days. Methodology: Twenty adult wistar rats weighing 185-220 g were divided into four (4) groups of five (5) animals each and treated orally as follows: group 1(normal control) received distilled water (7days), group 2 received 1 g/kg acetaminophen (APAP) (2 days), whereas group 3-4 received APAP (2 days) followed by 500 mg/kg of ALOV and MORN supplements respectively for 5 days. At the end of the experiment, animals from different groups were anaesthesized, the liver and kidney tissues were dissected and blood collected subjected to different biochemical, antioxidants, and histopathological test. Statistical Analysis: was done using One-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s Post-hoc Test. Results: APAP caused significant (P

Background: Recently, many drugs have been developed and used for the treatment of hepatic and renal diseases. Nutmeg apart from being utilized as kitchen spices in Nigeria has also been used for healing and medicinal purposes. Aims: In the present study, nutmeg supplement was evaluated against Acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepato- renal-toxicity. Study Design: Twenty (20) adult wistar rats weighing185-220 were obtained from animal house of the department of Pharmacology University of Port Harcourt were divided into four groups having 5 rats each (n=5). Methodology: The animals were divided into four groups of 5 rats each: Group A (normal control) were administered distilled water, group B (negative control) received a single dose of acetaminophen (1000 mg/kg) for two days. Group C received 500 mg/kg body weight of nutmeg supplement one hour before receiving 1000 mg/kg acetaminophen, while group D received acetaminophen (1000 mg/kg) only on day 1 and 2 and the drug extracts on day 3-7. All dosage was dissolved in distilled water orally. The experiment lasted for seven days. Twenty four hours after drugs administrations the animals in each group were anaesthetized. Blood samples were collected and animals sacrificed, liver and kidney tissues removed for various histopathological, biochemistry, antioxidant and haematological examinations using standard procedures. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and Tukey poc-hoc Test. Results: Administration of nutmeg supplement orally effectively restrained APAP-induced alterations in the activities of hepatic (48.60-38.00) and renal markers and Antioxidant enzymes in liver (0.43-0.53). The hepatic and renal architecture of APAP administered rats showed distorted liver and kidney tissues, hepatic vacuolations, destroyed glomerular and renal tubules. Nutmeg+APAP as well as APAP+ Nutmeg administrations were able to ameliorate the effects of APAP administration. Conclusion: The result indicated that APAP overdosed is hepato-renal- toxic and Nutmeg supplement possessed hepato-prote-curative properties as well as renal-prote-curative properties against APAP-induced damage in rats.

Costus lucanusianus (ginger lily or monkey sugarcane) is a medicinal plant commonly used to treat various ailments in tropical Africa. The leaves, stem and sometimes the root have been exploited for this purpose. However, it is a common belief in the Niger Delta of Nigeria that the root is poisonous. This study investigated the phytochemical and acute toxicity profiles of the methanol root extract of the plant. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard procedures to test for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, glycosides, triterpenoids/steroids and carbohydrates. The median lethal dose (LD50) was determined using the Arithmetic method of Reed and Muench. This was followed by haematologic, liver and kidney functionality assays at doses of 14, 29 and 58 mg/kg of the methanol root extract. The result obtained showed that the extract contained flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids and steroids among others, but anthraquinones and alkaloids were not present. The median lethal dose (LD50) value obtained for the extract was 288 mg/kg. The haematologic assay showed significant, p

Objectives: To supply scientific information / literature on the use of P.oleracea in enhancing fertility in males; either to validate or to refute this folkloric use. This study investigated the effect of the lipophilic and hydrophilic leaf extracts of Portulaca oleracea on male reproductive parameters. Methods: The extracts were obtained using two extracting solvents – chloroform and 80% aqueous methanol in succession. Experimental animals were randomly divided into 7 groups of 16 rats each. Group A (control) received 0.5ml 20% Tween 80 (vehicle), groups B, C and D received 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of the lipophilic extract respectively and E, F and G received 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of the hydrophilic extract respectively for 60 days. On days 14, 28, 42 and 60; four rats from each group were weighed and anaesthetized for sample collection. Blood (for testosterone), testes (weight and histomorphology) and sperm cells from caudal epididymis (for semen analysis) were collected. Results: Both extracts had no significant (p>0.05) effect on testicular weight and histomorphology, and sperm cell characteristics but caused a significant (p