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Violence against the elderly is a reality present in the family, private, public and social environment. This requiring public managers to create effective public policies that aim to protect the country's elderly population. In this sense, the objective of this article is to discuss the role of the State in the formulation of public policies to face the violence suffered by the elderly, in order to generate a reflection on this theme. This research is bibliographic research carried out in articles and books, associated with field research in a quantitative and qualitative approach, carried out with public agencies in the Municipality of Tefe (AM): Police Station Specialized in Elderly Care, Municipal Assistance Secretariat Social and the Municipal Council for the Elderly. The conclusion points out that public policies to combat violence against the elderly must be based on three levels of prevention: primary, in the sense of preventing violence from happening; secondary, based on actions with families, detecting the presence of risk factors for the elderly, and, finally, the tertiary level, with policies that aim to reduce the consequences caused by episodes of violence.

This article describes the activities carried out by the project “Time” to Learn in a “Climate” of Teaching (“time” as homonym for the word “weather”) developed in the meteorology laboratory - LAMET/UENF. This project was developed in two aspects: one that involves an association with schools, and the other that prioritizes the dissemination of information related to the atmosphere (weather and climate). The first part involves the installation of a weather station at a partner school or a guided visit of students and teachers to the weather stations at the LAMET renewable energy park. The second aspect concerns the informing teachers, students, and the general public, on news and articles about what is happening in Brazil and the world in relation to the occurrence of significant meteorological events or impacts of weather and climate variations. The use of social media and the distribution of a newsletter will guarantee the achievement of the project objectives. In conclusion, it can be highlighted that the target audience is eager for this type of action and specific information, as long as it is current, of quality, and with accessible language. Therefore, this project tries to ensure that the study of atmospheric sciences, although complex, can be accessible to everyone.

Recent films have attracted a lot of audiences, because many films have appeared with moral messages. This is evidenced by the number of films circulating by instilling the value of positive messages that are packaged in a concise, straightforward and interesting manner. So that many film makers have emerged to produce their works so that they can be watched by the public and can have a positive impact. Of the many films that are presented on the big screen, they have offered various colors in such a way, of course, adapted to the phenomena that are happening in society. Among them are the variety of films that are presented on the big screen, some are moral messages that are so constructive and in accordance with actual events in society, one of which is the short film “Tilik”. The research method used is qualitative in the form of semiotic analysis of Tilik Film Representations, this approach also allows researchers to use data as well as possible to be able to develop components of analytical, conceptual, categorical and flexible information. There are many signs in Tilik Film which have implied meanings. Director Tilik is very good at wrapping moral messages through the daily life of the village community through a film that only lasts 32 minutes, 34 seconds. These signs are displayed through several aspects such as the setting and setting of the film, shooting techniques, characters and dialogue between characters, scenes made by players, to the selection of the wardrobe of the characters in the film Tilik. These aspects then help build the film's storyline that produces moral messages. Keywords: representation, roland barthes semiotics, film

The relevance of the studied problem is determined by the subject of the study, namely the policy of the Russian Federation towards children. Children are the future of the state. The younger generation determines the future technological, intellectual, political, economic, demographic, and ecological wealth of the country. The objective of the article is to study the degree of implementation of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child in one of the largest regions of Russia – the South Urals in the 1990s. Research methods: synchronous, systemic-structural, historical-comparative, historical-genetic. As a result of the study, the authors draw conclusions and offer practical recommendations on the improvement of the state policy in the field of educating the younger generation in modern Russia. The practical significance of the conducted study is that the authors of the article investigated the first steps of implementation of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child in Russia. At the same time the authors explored unresolved issues in the field of children’s rights and public policy mistakes to prevent them from happening in the future.

This performance questions the logics of representation and mimesis, blurs the borders between life and fiction, and mixes codes inherited from the theater, performance-art, and happening. It plays with art history to address the difficulty of art to create images in a globalized world, and more specifically, in the context of the current European economic crisis, which directly threatens the art scene in Holland., L’exemple évoqué dans article remet en question les logiquesde la représentation et de la mimesis, brouille les frontières entre la vie et la fiction en mêlant les codes du théâtre, de l’art de la performance et du happening. La performance de Warme Winkel joue avec l’histoire de l’art pour réfléchir sur la difficulté de créer de l’art et des images dans le contexte de la crise économique qui atteint actuellement l’Europe et qui menace directement la scène artistique néerlandaise., Esta performance questiona as lógicas da representação e da mímesis, faz divergir as fronteiras entre a vida e a ficção, misturando os códigos do teatro, da arte da performance e do happening. A performance do Warme Winkel joga com a história da arte para refletir sobre a dificuldade da arte em criar imagens no contexto da crise econômica atual da Europa, e que ameaça diretamente a cena artística holandesa.

Este artículo, de tipo reflexivo, pretende abrir la crítica y la esperanza hacia la educación de lo que está ocurriendo en el año 2020: una pandemia que movilizó y dinamizó la vida, la economía, la política y los estados de mortalidad de los seres humanos. He ahí la dicotomía que se abre entre la vida y la muerte de toda una población que habita el planeta Tierra. La fragilidad del ser humano está expuesta por una pandemia que hasta el momento, ni la ciencia ni las grandes potencias han podido parar; esto repercute en el ser humano, como sujeto en masa que está al borde de la muerte; el ‘ser-a-la-mano’ de Heidegger entra a ser válido en estos tiempos; les encontramos existencia y valor a las cosas, cuando dejan de ser útiles para nosotros; ahora, todo se torna en algo valioso; ver las llantas de los carros que ruedan, los sonidos de los aparatos eléctricos, las plantas de nuestra casa, nuestro respirar, todo empieza a tener otro sentido. Así las cosas, se trabajará por el sentido que la educación toma en esta situación llamada pandemia COVID-19, frente a lo cual se involucra y se hace un llamado a la pedagogía y al currículo, como dos aspectos disonantes en la educación colombiana. Para ello se toma en cuenta la hermenéutica crítica como enfoque metodológico para el análisis documental de las categorías que se quiere dar a conocer, como son: pedagogía, currículo y pandemia.

Horse carriages, film cameras, and traditional encyclopedia were dethroned by the once bizarre cars, digital cameras, and online resources, respectively. Although such major shifts were happening for at least one hundred years by now, the Theory of disruptive innovations was designed only in the late nineties by a prominent academic and business consultant Clayton Christensen. So, the main questions of my paper are how do disruptive innovations proceed and what are the factors causing the disruption? The existing literature provides a substantial critique of Christensen’s theory and taken this into account. I propose that the disruptions usually succeed due to the random factors or the ones not directly connected to disruption Theory and unfold favourably for incumbents irrespectively of their strategical choices.

Open Government emerged in 2009 as a new paradigm of public administration and a new way of dealing with public affairs, based on the pillars, Transparency, Participation, Collaboration, Innovation and Accountability. Local governments have also joined in this effort; however little is known about what is happening in the municipalities of Indigenous Normative Systems. This paper analyzes the creation of the Lachibaa Community Museum, in Magdalena Apasco, Oaxaca, as a Collaborative process (pillar) of the current Open Government approach. It is explored how Open Government can be present in indigenous municipalities, which have a special legal regime that recognizes and respects their uses and customs.

DOI: 10.1590/2179-8966/2020/49702 Resumo O COVID-19 produzira consequencias ainda incalculaveis, em face da quais o Direito precisara apresentar solucoes satisfatorias para um momento de crise como este. O Brasil, na linha do que vem ocorrendo numa serie de outros paises, esta adotando medidas de enfrentamento ao surto de coronavirus, de acordo com a distribuicao de competencias legislativas e administrativas (materiais) prevista na Constituicao Federal. O presente artigo busca, de um lado, apresentar a sistematizacao de tais competencias constitucionais e, de outro, analisar criticamente se tal arranjo constitucional de funcoes legislativas e administrativas e satisfatorio ao enfrentamento da crise causada pelo COVID-19. Palavras-chave: COVID-19; Competencias; Restricoes. Abstract COVID-19 shall have unprecedented consequences. The Law needs to be able to present satisfactory solutions for a moment of crisis like this. Brazil, similar to what has been happening in several other countries, has been adopting measures to deal with the coronavirus outbreak, observing the constitutional division of legislative and administrative powers. On the one hand, this article aims to present the power distribution of such constitutional competences and, on the other hand, to critically analyze whether such a constitutional arrangement of legislative and administrative functions is satisfactory in coping with the crisis caused by COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19; Competences; Restrictive Measures.

A partir de la reciente publicación del libro La disputa por el bienestar en América Latina en tiempos de asedio neoliberal (CLACSO-IIGG, 2020), en el que se presenta un diagnóstico plural de la difícil situación del bienestar social en América Latina y de la intensificación de las disputas políticas por su definición y concreción, el escrito analiza aspectos de la emergencia sanitaria, económica y social que significa la pandemia de COVID-19. Se plantea que la actual y épica calamidad, que se impuso en el mundo y en la región, actúa como un catalizador y acelerador tanto de las transformaciones que venían sucediendo a raíz de la instauración del proyecto neoliberal, como de otros procesos emergentes, inesperados y propios de la situación pandémica. En este sentido, el artículo recupera el contenido del libro a la vez que busca capturar cómo los 8 capítulos que integran la obra (de investigadores/as de Argentina, Brasil, Uruguay, Paraguay y Ecuador) permiten construir una mirada multidimensional y comparada del bienestar social, y dan cuenta del sustrato sobre el cual la pandemia operó, así como las tensiones que ésta habilitó. The recently published book The dispute for social welfare in Latin America in times of neoliberal siege(CLACSO-IIGG, 2020) contents a plural diagnosis of the difficult situation of social welfare in Latin America and the intensification of political disputes over its definition and concretion. Upon this base the article analyzes aspects of the sanitary, economic and social emergency that the COVID-19 pandemic brings to the region and considers how the current and epic calamity acts as a catalyst for both the transformations that had been happening as a result of the establishment of the neoliberal project, as well as other emerging, unexpected and specific changes due to the pandemic situation. In this sense, the article recovers the content of the book while seeking to capture how the content of the 8 chapters compiled (by researchers from Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and Ecuador) allow building a multidimensional and comparative view of social protection challenges, and give account of the substrate on which the pandemic operated, and the tensions that it enabled, as well. Fil: Aguilar, Paula Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Fil: Minteguiaga, Analía. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina.

RESUMO: Após ressaltar a idéia de significação, que diz respeito à correspondência entre nome e coisa, dirigimos a atenção para a caracterização da linguagem a partir da análise do homem como um ente existencialmente atingido por seu acontecer no mundo. Para tanto, utilizamos as teses do jovem Heidegger expostas em Ser e Tempo e na preleção Introdução à Filosofia. Exporemos, inicialmente, a relação ontológica do Dasein com a significação, enquanto aquele que compreende suas possibilidades mais próprias na lida com os entes, bem como um ente hermenêutico capaz de projetar seu “aí” para a significância aberta. O texto prossegue explicitando essa crítica à noção de significação proposicional em favor de alertar-nos, como faz Heidegger, para o perigo de tratar a linguagem desde uma perspectiva lógico-semântica e objetificante. Propomos, portanto, retomar o movimento heideggeriano para pensar a essencialização do homem através da linguagem, já não mais entendida à base da proposição como lugar da verdade, mas através da abertura ontológica à compreensão do modo de ser dos entes e de nós mesmos.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Dasein, compreensão, proposição, linguagem, sentido. ABSTRACT: After emphasizing the idea of meaning that relates to the correspondence between name and thing, we direct the attention to the characterization of the man as a being existentially reached by its happening in the world, for that, we use the theses of the young Heidegger exposed in Being and Time and in the lecture Introduction to Philosophy. We will initially expose the ontological relation of Dasein with meaning (Sinn) as the one who understands his own possibilities in dealing with beings, as well as the hermeneutic being capable of projecting its "there" to the significance opened. The text goes on to explain this criticism to the notion of propositional meaning in favor of alerting us, as Heidegger does, to the danger of treating language from a logical-semantic and objectifying perspective. We propose, therefore, to retake the Heideggerian movement to think of the essentialization of man through language no longer understood on the basis of the proposition as a place of truth, but through the ontological opening to the understanding of the way of being of the beings and of ourselves.KEYWORDS: Dasein, understanding, proposition, language, meaning.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of the historian Gonzalo Vial in the constuction of the Political Framework of the Report of the Chilean’s Comision Nacional de Verdad y Reconciliacion, known as Informe Rettig. This section of the document was dedicated to dealing with the events before the coup of 1973. The narrative contained in the Political Framework of the Report reinforces the idea of ​​the inevitability of the coup, using Vial's theory that the breakdown of democracy in Chile occurred from the “breakdown of consensus” that had been happening since the beginning of the century, but which intensified with the election of Allende in 1970. We will therefore seek to reflect on the uses of the recent Chilean past and on the role of the historian in the construction of an official memory that would allow the reconciliation between Chileans, necessary for the democratic consolidation of the Aylwin government.

The article analyzes the phenomenon of social protests that swept the United States in 2020. The article considers the evolution of the concepts of sacrifice and redemption in the modern public consciousness of the USA and Europe. The author analyzes the cause-and-effect relationships of what is happening, the phenomena accompanying the protests, in particular, looting, which is perceived by the protesters not as a marginal phenomenon, but as a necessary condition for restoring social justice.

The author analyses what is happening to modern television news. While the Internet becomes more and more popular, driven by video-sharing sites and special mobile news apps, television viewing declines. The main part of the audience of modern TV-news programs consists now of older people, the new generation of viewers refuses to watch TV, preferring to learn the information about the world from the network. TV-managers are trying to find new ways to offer consumers the actual information, new formats of news, to reach younger audiences, as well as to discover a new philosophy of their own existence in a rapidly changing environment. The purpose of the author of the article - is to map recent changes in traditional television viewing, and to initiate discussion on one of the most controversial issues of the practice of development of modern mass communication channels: how will news broadcasting look in 10 or 20 years and whether anything can replace it. The relevance of this topic is high due to the rapid development of the Internet space as an alternative source to other media channels.

No presente artigo, pretendemos evidenciar como o romance Um amor incômodo, de Elena Ferrante, é atravessado por um abuso sexual que resvala na relação entre uma filha e sua mãe. Na medida em que se articula à violência de gênero, esse acontecimento apresenta-se como um ponto cego da cultura, configurando-se como traumático. Ao final do livro, após reconstituir a história de sua mãe, é possível para a narradora, Delia, lembrar do abuso que sofreu quando criança e significar pontos de sua trajetória que se apresentam como um mal-estar. O incômodo do título, que diz respeito à relação mãe e filha, atravessa a trama ressoando o incômodo da violência que é desvelada no final do romance. Como aporte teórico, tomamos as considerações da crítica literária Shoshana Felman acerca de literatura, testemunho e traumas culturais. Com o intuito de relacionar o trauma com a violência de gênero, retomamos a perspectiva de Sigmund Freud sobre o tema, assim como a discussões mais atuais, através de Cathy Caruth e Gayle Rubin. Assim, propomos que o romance de Elena Ferrante permite um esgarçamento das possibilidades narrativas do trauma do abuso sexual e da violência de gênero, enquanto pontos cegos da cultura.

O slogan “ideologia de gênero” ganhou centralidade nas discussões políticas e educacionais brasileiras, estabelecendo-se uma disputa de narrativas entre grupos reacionários que se autodenominam defensores da família e pesquisadores/as, que tomam a Educação como um dos eixos centrais na promoção da equidade de gêneros e do respeito à diversidade sexual. Como recorte de uma pesquisa maior que investigou como a licenciatura produz futuros/as docentes para atuar nesse cenário, o presente trabalho volta-se para essa disputa narrativa. Os discursos que circulam no contexto investigado atuam na produção de subjetividades em consonância com o que a agenda ultraconservadora tem apresentado discursivamente no país. Levantamos a urgência em discutir gênero, sexualidade e seus entrelaçamentos com a Educação, em todos os níveis de ensino.

Greta Thunberg sayesinde, iklim değişikliği sorunu dünya çapında ana gündem maddelerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Bu konudan hareketle, sorun odaklı gençlik yazını açısından etkinci Thunberg’in hikayesi ile K. Boie’nin eseri arasında konusal bağlar kurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Gençlik yazınının bir alt türü olarak sınıflandırılan sorun odaklı gençlik yazınında çocuk ve gençlerin dünyalarında karşılaştıkları çeşitli problemler, genellikle roman türünde işlenir. Bu çalışmada, Almanya’da çocuk ve gençlik yazınının önemli yazarlarından Kirsten Boie’nin “Jeder Tag ein Happening” adlı ergenlik romanı incelenip, sorun odaklı gençlik yazını açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Almanya’da yerel bir çevre sorununu işleyen bu roman çerçevesinde gençlerin çevrelerindeki sorunları bir alt-kültür oluşturarak çözmeye iten nedenler irdelenmiştir. Ayrıca günümüzde dünyaca ün kazanan genç iklim etkincisi Greta Thunberg’in3 başlattığı küresel ısınma konusundaki farkındalık oluşturma çabasının toplumdaki yankılarına da değinilmiştir.

This study aims to explore political, economic and daily life in Serres on the eve of the Balkan Wars through the lenses of the first Turkish newspapers of Serres. Siroz was first published in 1910 and then changed its name into Hançer in 1911 and continued to be published until 1912. Additionally the study tries to show how the intellectuals of the city reflect different events and political developments explained in official documents and correspondences of the period to the the city dwellers, and how a provincial intellectual considers political events happening in the capital city of the Empire and reflects his readers through the newspapers as well. This study also tries to explore how columnists of these newspapers consider representatives of the central authority and elected authority in the town, and their proposals for solving the problems that affect the town and their efforts to be the voice of the people., Bu çalışma, 14 Kasım 1910’da Serez’de “Siroz” adıyla yayına başlayıp ardından “Hançer” adını alarak yaklaşık iki yıl yayına devam eden ilk Türkçe gazetelerin gözünden, Balkan Savaşları arifesinde Makedonya bölgesinde siyasi ve ekonomik açıdan oldukça canlı bir Balkan kenti olan Serez’de yaşanan siyasi ve ekonomik olayları, gündelik hayatı ele alarak, savaş öncesi kentin canlı bir fotoğrafını sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca resmi yazışmalar ve belgelere de yansıyan çeşitli gelişme ve olayları Serezli aydınların bu gazete aracılığıyla halka nasıl aktardıkları, taşranın merkeze nasıl baktığı veya İstanbul’da yaşanan olayları nasıl gördüğü ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Kentte yaşayanların merkezi idareyi temsil eden atanmış idari birimlerle kendilerini temsil eden seçilmiş yerel yönetim ve yöneticilere bakışlarına; kentin sorunlarına yönelik çözüm önerileri ile halkın sesi olmaya yönelik çabalarına da ayrıca dikkat çekilmektedir.

The face of the Prague Quadrennial (PQ) has been slowly changing from the traditional gallery style presentation with national competitions toward an immersive experiential event, a festival. But the key question and the main mission of PQ is still the same: finding engaging ways to present and exhibit performance design/scenography. As the curator of the PQ 2019 and also for the next event that will happen in 2023, I present in this brief essay the changings that have been happening along the years, and not only by one curatorship but by a team of curators that work to discuss the artistic vision, where we collaboratively developed an overall concept for all projects of the festival - an example of the teamwork we sought in our exhibitions and performances. Keywords Curator. Curatorship. PQ 2019. Prague Quadrennial.

Stanley Kubrick’s 1980 film The Shining has been examined and analyzed countless times up until today. Even though 40 years have gone by since its release, the film’s full meaning and the events happening to the Torrance family are still unclear. The film unfolds in a limbo-like state, between dream and reality. While writing the script, Kubrick states that he was inspired by Sigmund Freud’s Das Unheimlich (1919) essay. According to Freud, things or people that arouse feelings of dread and horror belong to the realm of the uncanny. The uncanny is related to what is frightening, but more importantly it entails a duality, an ambiguity because it encompasses the familiar with the unfamiliar. This study aims to locate the uncanny elements in The Shining, while also examining how conflicting desires that have been repressed can come to the surface through the dream-like setting of the Overlook Hotel.

This article examines the global response to the Covid‐19 pandemic. It argues that we urgently need to look beyond the virus if we want to understand the real seriousness of what is happening today. How did we end up in a space of thinking, acting, and feeling that has normalized extremes and is based on the assumption that biological life is an absolute value separate from politics? The author suggests that today's fear is fueled by mathematical disease modeling, neoliberal health policies, nervous media reporting, and authoritarian longings.

El artículo analiza las dinámicas fronterizas desde el comienzo del siglo XX a través de una revisión bibliográfica apoyada en el análisis de datos cuantitativos y dos casos de estudio. La tesis central es que existe un conflicto entre las fronteras culturales y las político-territoriales, desafiando los límites geográficos reconocidos oficialmente. La frontera político-territorial es un fenómeno jurídico, una demarcación lineal que establece los límites espaciales dentro de los cuales el estado nación ejerce la soberanía de forma exclusiva, eficaz, autónoma respecto al exterior y bajo el reconocimiento de la legislación internacional. La frontera cultural es un fenómeno histórico que responde a hechos vitales y no a una construcción jurídica ni política ni intelectual. Podemos definirla como un área sociocultural habitada por una población que comparte una serie de elementos simbólicos, costumbres y valores. La gestión del conflicto entre los dos tipos de frontera depende de los desarrollos históricos que tienen lugar en el ámbito de las relaciones internacionales Nuestra tesis muestra que dichas dinámicas pueden articularse en torno a tres ejes. El primero está guiado por el auge del proceso globalizador y la consecuente apertura de fronteras. La apertura de fronteras puede definirse como el aumento en la porosidad de los símbolos, costumbres y valores compartidos en un área sociocultural respecto a los del exterior y/o la disminución de barreras al tránsito físico. Se le contrapone otro eje que lleva al cierre de fronteras, espoleado por los procesos de descolonización, la disolución de la URSS y el resurgir del nacionalismo. El cierre de fronteras se define como la disminución de la porosidad fronteriza o el aumento de las barreras al tránsito físico. El tercer eje está marcado por las disputas territoriales, fundadas sobre diferencias culturales, que llevan a intentar modificar las fronteras oficiales. La modificación de fronteras se da bien cuando un estado nación busca alargar la línea fronteriza que delimita el área bajo su soberanía o un grupo sociocultural trata de delimitar un territorio soberano frente al exterior, bien cuando un área sociocultural definida se expande o retrae sea por el auge o decline de su cultura sea por el del grupo humano que la representa. Los acontecimientos históricos para el análisis de los tres ejes citados provienen de fuentes bibliográficas, periodísticas y de bases de datos. Además, mostramos como la teoría se plasma en dos casos de estudio actuales, el independentismo catalán y el intento venezolano de crear un nuevo poder regional en el Caribe. The article analyses border dynamics since the beginning of the 20th century through a literature review supported with the analysis of quantitative data and two case studies. The central thesis is that there is a contradiction between the cultural and the geopolitical borders, challenging the official territorial limits. The geopolitical border is a legal phenomenon, a lineal boundary that establishes the territorial limits within which the nation-state exercises its sovereignty in an exclusive and effective manner, autonomous with respect to any foreign authority and under the recognition of the international law. The cultural frontier is a historical phenomenon shaped by emotional developments and not a legal, political or philosophical construction. It can be defined as a sociocultural area occupied by a population that shares a series of symbolic elements, customs and values. The management of the conflict between both types of borders depends on the historical developments that have taken place within the international relations’ field. In order to analyse how geo-political borders and cultural frontiers interact between them we apply a hypothetic-deductive method. Firstly, we establish a theoretical framework that defines five basic analytical concepts shaping border dynamics. Those concepts are cultural frontier, geo-political border, closure axis, opening axis and modification axis. We design a model that explains how such concepts interact between them and we gather and analyse the evolution of a series of quantitative variables that allow us to empirically introduce their relationship along time. The construction of the theoretical framework, as well as the selection and interpretation of quantitative variables, comes together with the introduction of quotations and bibliography that back it up. Moreover, we apply the conclusions deducted from the global analysis to two case studies. The similarities and differences between both case studies are pointed out and we summarize the dynamics shaping the current management of borders. Finally, we offer some recommendations in order to design an effective and efficient geostrategy.The management of borders is articulated around three axes: closure, opening and modification. In other words, nation-states aim to achieve their geostrategic objectives through the modification, closure or opening of their cultural frontiers or/and geopolitical borders. The opening of borders/frontiers can be defined as the increase in the porosity to the outside world of the symbols, customs and values that are shared within a sociocultural area; and/or the wave of barriers to physical transactions —people, goods, capital flows, etc.—. On the other hand, the closure of borders/frontiers happens when the aforementioned porosity decreases or the barriers are strengthened. Finally, the modification of borders/frontiers can be either expansive or contractive as well as happening in the geopolitical dimension or the cultural one. Regarding the geopolitical dimension, the nation-state aims to expand the lineal boundary that mark out the area under its sovereignty or the sociocultural group aims to delimit to the outside world a territory under its exclusive sovereignty. Concerning the cultural dimension, a specific sociocultural area enlarges or retracts either as a consequence of the rise or decline of its culture or of the human group that embraces it. The evolution of the three axes is proxied by a series of variables and their trends. Moreover, the historical events laying down the foundations of the analysis of the three axes are gathered from different sources: bibliography, newspapers and data bases. Moreover, we show how the theory is captured in two current case studies, the independentism in Catalonia and the Venezuelan attempt to create a new regional power in the Caribbean. While the globalization process fosters the opening of borders, the will of the nation-state to safeguard its historical rights and the international status quo drives its closure. On the other hand, the modification of borders is marked by territorial disputes arising from the contradictions between geopolitical borders and cultural frontiers, often exacerbated by the dynamics related to the two previous axes. The territorial dispute between Venezuela and the Cooperative Republic of Guayana is an example of such a dynamic. On the one hand, the State of Venezuela tries to safeguard its traditional rights presenting the dispute as a national question. At the same time, globalization lengthens cultural boundaries while Venezuela revives the ideological division between a capitalist and a socialist world. The closure of borders and frontiers, marked by the nationalist revival, and the opening, driven by the globalization process, act as a catalyser of borders modification. The article is structured by an introduction and six sections. The introduction defines the concepts of geopolitical border and cultural frontier. Moreover, it establishes the theoretical framework used to analyse the evolution of both types of borders and how the interaction between them shapes international relationships during the 20th and 21st centuries. The first section introduces the three axes —closure, opening and modification— along which the management of borders develops during the period under analyses and the relationships arising between them. The second section analyses the closure axis that is driven by the rise of nationalism, the Cold War and the decolonisation process. We use a series of variables to proxy how such an axis evolved along time: total number of international organizations, creation and end of international organizations, net foreign direct investment flows, international trade of goods, attitude of the government towards immigration and number of United Nations peacekeeping missions. The third section does the same for the opening axis. The opening of borders is fostered by the expansion of economic and political liberalism through the globalization process. We use the same variables as in section two to empirically assess the evolution of the opening axis. Section number four introduces the modification axis and how the changes of borders and frontiers are related to events linked to the opening and closure axes. The section analyses three types of modifications (territorial concessions, declarations of independence and annexations). Data about modifications are gathered from The Correlates of War Project and The World Factbook data bases. Section number five shows how the tension between cultural and geopolitical borders determines the management of borders nowadays, following the three axes of closure, opening and modification outlined above. Firstly, we introduce the case study of Catalonia, which is mainly related to the closure axis. Secondly, we analyse the case study of Guayana Esebequio and the territorial dispute between Venezuela and the Cooperative Republic of Guayana. Finally, we compare the differences and similarities between both case studies. The last section consists of the conclusions and political recommendations that we extract from our research so that policy makers can implement efficient and effective policies on borders managements. Border dynamics in the 20-21st Century : a mirror of the world order evolution

The social place occupied by external evaluation in the functioning of the educational system has changed over time: from an external and vertical control instrument of school work, it becomes a fundamental tool for school daily life. But this change of place would not be taking place without the education professionals themselves changing together. In this article, we analyze these changes, valuing, in particular, the way it has been happening in the Brazilian context. Finally, we argue that the process of decantation of external evaluation in the school professional culture has been forging the emergence of new subjects in the world of education, spokespersons and diffusers of the new language.

The environmental crisis is happening today requires the attention of the global community. One approach that can be done is to apply the teachings of Islam as a whole. Belief in religion can influence people to maintain the environment. This study was conducted to determine how the environment in Islam. Scientific publications in accordance with Islamic friends in the neighborhood of indexed Dimensions analyzed by a systematic literature review (SLR). The parameters analyzed were the number of publications per year, the origin and the origin of the author's state institutions. Furthermore, the results were analyzed with the VOS Viewer software. A total of 30 relevant scientific articles selected and analyzed. Publications related to the environment in Islam increased since 2006 with some of the topics of discussion. A popular topic of research is on the management of natural resources and environment, water conservation, and climate change.

We aim to reveal the place and roles of castrated people in Persian palace life within scope of current research based on the information primarily given by the sources of Ancient Greek and Rome. Although information on eunuchs may be provided by many civilizations in Asia Minor, Asia and the Far East, the earliest written documents appeared in the Shang and Ming dynasties in China. Although the act of castration in the Persians was originally used as a method of punishment, we can follow the positive-negative roles of the castrated in the Persian palace through sources not limited with Herodotos, Diodoros, Xenophon, Ktesias, Plutarch and Plato. The Persians, on which we see the traces of the Near East palace life, actually bear a large number of properties of the traditional Med palace approach and conventions familiar to them. It is clear that the eunuchs are the people who are closest to the king and his family in Persian palace life which is overwhelmingly supported by evidence provided in ancient resources. Detaile inspection of the roles of castrated people in Persian palace life under the titles we classified as private life, servantism and education reveals characters with important duties including service. The eunuchs, who are aware of the secret information of the palace, had a command of what is happening in the harem and were responsible for the privacy and order of the life in the harem, were initially loyal figures in bright days of empire, later turning into more negative characters with the collapse of the empire.

This text is not intended to be a detailed historical account of the evolution of nursing education. It will instead highlight steps in the evolution of types and sites of nursing education, providing an overview of the steps that nursing has taken toward being a subject of study at university. It will also present an overview of the challenges and obstacles, in order to gain a better understanding of what is happening in a specific country and to enable comparisons between countries. This article is based on the idea that exploring specific conditions could help in understanding general trends. A general overview of the current situation is also proposed in order to highlight the steps taken in what has been an eventful evolution.

In this article, it is argued that the war in Syria is an interdicted war and it seeks to explain the reasons for this. So far, and according to the theoretical follow-up and tracking that has been carried out to write this article, the concept of interdicted war appears as a novel concept that has not been used until today in writings referring to wars and armed conflicts. Therefore, the aim of this writing is to develop the arguments that ultimately lead to the proposition that the war in Syria is an “interdicted war”. Within these arguments, an analysis is made of the term interdiction and in what cases and in what contexts the term has been used. On the other hand, the analysis of the Syrian war, which began in 2011 and persists until today, is addressed, with a study of its most relevant variables, as well as the external actors and agendas that “interdict” said conflict. For this, written sources related to the issues addressed were consulted, which provided the necessary input to conclude that the “interdicted war” is a concept that is applied to describe what is happening in the Syrian war. Finally, the conditionality to which the internal actors of the war in Syria are subjected is what indicates that this war is an “interdicted war”.

Prophecies, visions and omens were widely represented in the monuments of East Slavic writing from the first steps of its development to the 17th century. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that predictions in ancient Russian literature were not always accompanied by visions and signs. Sometimes the prophecies were quite mundane and were closely related to the image of everyday life. The paper considers two types of observers. The one-impartially depicts everything seen, without accompanying the story with judgements and characteristics. The other-actively participates in events, makes predictions an important element of their picture of the world, seeks not only to fix what is happening, but also to contribute to the fulfillment of predictions.

The COVID-19 pandemic is not just a health crisis or an economic disaster: recent times have brought to the fore a host of preexisting challenges and pain, from systemic racism to xenophobia and nationalistic extremists Many artists are making work that responds directly to the current crisis, but in thinking of art as a tool for making sense of what is happening in the world, Raviv wanted to highlight examples of earlier work that seem most relevant to the issues people are struggling with during this time The fact that these all predate the current crisis serves as a reminder that most people struggle with today is not new, only more visible

The subject of this paper has been workers' protests and blockades of public spaces in Serbia over the last 20 years. Their most important causes and reasons, organization and efficiency are sociologically analyzed, described and explained. They were happening in "waves". The first started with the acceleration of privatization (2004 and 2005), the second with its deepening (2009 and 2010), and the third coincided with the end of privatization and the intensification of the global economic crisis (2014-2019). The main hypothesis is that workers' protests and blockades are systematically determined. The most important is the nature of the social system, i.e. the applied concept of transition and privatization. Individual and local factors (causes) are less significant. Workers' protests and blockades are less effective at the end than at the beginning of accelerated transition and privatization.

Pola Negri, the great Polish actress of silent cinema known all over the world, never forgot about her homeland. Wherever she lived, played and performed, she remembered and emphasised where she came from. She did not hide her attachment to faith. Thanks to her efforts and donations, she contributed to the creation of the Polish parish and church in Los Angeles. Living in France, she organised harvest festivals to which she invited amateur theatre groups from Poland. She created a small Polish museum in her residence near Paris. During masses, Polish religious songs were sung in the palace chapel. Polish staff worked at the actress's house. Polish dishes were served there. Pola Negri was keenly interested in what was happening in her homeland. She helped Poles coming to the United States (US) after 1981. She spoke fluent Polish until the end of her life.

O envelhecimento populacional é um fenômeno vivenciado em todo o mundo. No Brasil, esse processo é relativamente recente, embora esteja ocorrendo de maneira acelerada. Em relação aos fatores determinantes do envelhecimento, destacam-se os tipos de moradia, que podem influenciar diretamente na longevidade de um indivíduo. Diante do breve exposto, objetiva-se evidenciar as condições de habitação como fator influente na vida dos idosos residentes no Condomínio Cidade Madura, implantado em João Pessoa, capital do estado da Paraíba. Para tanto, empregam-se, como metodologia, a observação direta, o estudo de caso e o registro fotográfico. Nota-se que a iniciativa é um avanço na área de habitação para a pessoa idosa, especialmente para os de baixa renda. Conclui-se, portanto, que o condomínio atende razoavelmente às questões físicas da moradia.

The article is devoted to problems of performance art as a manifestation of actionism. It is a continuation of the research «Happening and its place on the map of the terminology system of actionism» (published [9]). This research explores poetics, aesthetics and artistic means inherent for performance art. The author traces changes in the form and substance of the performance art in the period 1950–2010 and the corresponding metamorphoses in verbal definitions.Specificity of the performance art in the personal spontaneous author’s gesture that has a social and communicative significance. Understanding and mode of perception of an artistic work was changed under its influence. The performance art appeared as a phenomenon, in its modern sense, during the 1950s, but received the name and verbal definition only during the 1970s. However, already in the 1980s, it significantly modified its form and semantics, which led to new verbal definitions among researchers. After another metamorphosis in the 1990s, the phenomenon could only be conventionally named performance art. Most researchers began to use the expression «performative practices» and in this article the author substantiates the name «actionism of spectacularity» and proposes the classification of its manifestations: the general (integral) spectacularity is the reality on the background of which «actionism of spectacularity» exists. The manifestations of the latter differ on the basis of mass or individuality, by targeting different audiences and by measuring functionality. This is «author’s spectacularity» of social activists and dissidents, «professional spectacularity» of political consultants, collective «game spectacularity» of flashmobsGeneral spectacularity is becoming more and more important in culture and communication, it gradually supersedes all other forms and ways of communication, turns into an independent audio-visual universal «language» with signs of sensuality and alogism. Actionism of spectacularity produces new effective forms of communication, which are then used in all spheres of individual or mass (through media) communication. Preferably, these are visual or audio-visual forms of communication, which promotes to their convincing among the peoples of different countries. Actionism of spectacularity contributes to the formation of public opinion about the situation of general spectacularity and promotes the adaptation of people to this new reality of the XXI century.The article contains a brief overview of performance art’s development in Ukraine.

[EN] This article aims to explore and analyze the influence of the social crisis caused by the emergence of COVID‐19 in the current artistic context, as the common denominator that will drive our research towards the analysis of various works of art throughout history. Pandemics and health crises changed and directly affected the issues raised in the works of art. However, how could contemporary work be different in the COVID‐19 era, if we compare it with other works of art from the past? What impact did previous pandemics have on Art?During the Renaissance and the Baroque, many stories were born wrapped in the shadow of the plague, which influenced many pictorial works. The prevalence of COVID‐19 has had a great impact on the development of the Art industry. Online exhibitions and distance art education courses have multiplied. We will reflect on the appearance of numerous exhibitions, and even a virtual museum exclusively focused on the subject of COVID‐19. On the one hand, we analyze numerous examples of artistic works and actions by emerging creators and others widely recognized, such as the artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Pieter Claesz, Eduard Munch etc.Through these works of art related to the theme of disease, we not only reflect on current disasters, but also on the disasters that struck our historical ancestors in ancient times. The art of the plague period was a spiritual antibiotic for the real world, helping to understand it, a kind of psychological comfort, a fight against the virus with strength and hope, facing challenges and building a sense of community in the destiny of the human beings, something that is happening again in the current pandemic that we have to live through., [ES] Este artículo pretende explorar y analizar la influencia de la crisis social provocada por la irrupción del COVID‐19 en el contexto artístico actual, como el común denominador que impulsará nuestra investigación hacia el análisis de diversas obras de arte a lo largo de la historia. Las pandemias y las crisis sanitarias cambiaron y afectaron directamente a las cuestiones planteadas en las obras de arte. Sin embargo, ¿en qué se podría diferenciar la obra contemporánea en la era de la COVID‐19, si la comparásemos con otras obras de arte del pasado? ¿Qué impacto tuvieron anteriores pandemias en el Arte?Durante el Renacimiento y el Barroco nacieron muchas historias envueltas en la sombra de la peste, lo cual influyó en numerosas obras pictóricas. La prevalencia de COVID‐19 ha tenido un gran impacto en el desarrollo de la industria del Arte. Se han multiplicado las exposiciones online y los cursos de educación artística a distancia. Reflexionaremos sobre la aparición de numerosas exposiciones, e incluso, un museo virtual exclusivamente focalizado hacia la temática de la COVID‐19.A través de estas obras de arte relacionadas con el tema de la enfermedad, no solo reflexionamos sobre los desastres actuales, sino también sobre los desastres que golpearon a nuestros antepasados históricos en la antigüedad. El arte del período de la peste supuso un antibiótico espiritual para el mundo real, ayudando a su comprensión, una suerte de consuelo psicológico, una lucha contra el virus con fuerza y esperanza, enfrentando desafíos y construyendo un sentimiento de comunidad en el destino de los seres humanos, algo que está volviendo a suceder en la actualidad pandémica que nos ha tocado vivir., China Scholarship Council (CSC)

This article reviews two recent changes to tax policy settings in New Zealand: an increase in the top income tax rate and a ‘housing package’. It argues that both represent ad hoc responses without a coherent strategy. Further, government officials’ policy assessments confirm that these were progressed unduly rapidly, based on limited analysis and against official advice on the most suitable option to deliver on the government’s own objectives. This is likely to result in policy outcomes falling well short of objectives, and potentially serious unintended consequences. Coherence of the tax system in particular is at risk.

No contexto de negacionismo e informações veladas durante a pandemia da Covid-19, o presente artigo traz uma análise da cobertura audiovisual no telejornalismo regional do MG1 e MG2 - Zona da Mata, da TV Integração acerca de um caso em Barbacena, Minas Gerais, envolvendo a Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Ar (Epcar), entre maio e julho de 2020. O trabalho mostra essa guerra informacional e reflete sobre qual é o papel do jornalismo no combate às fake news e na divulgação de informações no período pandêmico, além de reforçar que, por meio dele, é possível transferir conhecimento acerca do que se passa no mundo. Além disso, o artigo mostrou como o jornalismo se torna uma importante ferramenta em um período de fortes práticas negativistas, cujas ações podem impactar na saúde coletiva. A análise adotou a metodologia de Análise da Materialidade Visual (COUTINHO, 2016).

Apresentamos percepções indígenas e não indígenas acerca do avanço da pandemia de Covid-19 em territórios originários. Da mesma forma, refletimos a partir de perspectivas originárias acerca do que se passa no mundo, dando destaque para o caráter das políticas públicas indigenistas e das práticas comunitárias originárias. Por fim, problematizamos a questão da disjunção entre natureza e pessoas na visão ocidental, focando na falta de espiritualidade presente nas práticas e condutas não indígenas.

A atuação de líderes de diversos países pode ser determinante no enfrentamento de uma pandemia, como a de Covid-19. De acordo com suas posturas, entrevistas e discursos, há maneiras diferentes de se encarar a crise de saúde e suas consequências em cada local afetado. Com o intuito de demonstrar como isso vem ocorrendo de modo mais efetivo, este artigo pretende analisar posturas, entrevistas e discursos de presidentes e primeiros-ministros ou chanceleres. Para um recorte que permita verificar melhor como alguns chefes de governo influenciam suas nações, foram escolhidos como exemplos Jacinda Ardern, da Nova Zelândia; Jair Bolsonaro, do Brasil; Angela Merkel, da Alemanha; e Donald Trump, dos Estados Unidos. A análise vai abranger um período específico do início da pandemia, levando em conta os meses de janeiro até abril de 2020.

Responding to Covid-19 Bill Gates writes that in any crisis, leaders have two equally important responsibilities: solve the immediate problem and keep it from happening again. In the case of the Co...

A simple definition of education is how to improve the potential of human life adapted with our values and cultures. While multiculturalism many experts define a diverse or compound. Indonesia has got more than 300 tribes actually they have different cultures, values, languages etc that sometimes happening a conflict. in this way Islamic Multiculturalism Education expected can solve the problems in our state or communities, at least give some awareness that conflict is not good situation to developed. Education has to capable give the bids which a smart solution, such as designing material, method and curriculum that make the communities understood the importance of tolerance, honor each other, can live together with different background

A gestão estratégica tem sido resposta aos desafios, mudanças velozes e de grande magnitude que estão surgindo em função da globalização, levando as empresas à necessidade de alavancar a sua competitividade no mercado, visando se destacar frente a concorrência. Frente a este cenário, a área de Recursos Humanos tem sido desafiada a atuar estrategicamente nas organizações, influenciando assim o desempenho organizacional e, para isso, vem sendo necessária a redefinição do seu papel nos últimos anos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar, por meio de resultados obtidos pela aplicação de um questionário, como profissionais da área de Recursos Humanos definem quais são as atividades consideradas mais estratégicas, qual o cenário atual na atuação estratégica dos RH e quais as tendências para que os profissionais de RH migrem para o modelo estratégico. O questionário foi aplicado em 13 profissionais da área, da região de Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo e Espírito Santo, com empresas do ramo industrial e de serviços. O principal interesse do trabalho é verificar se ainda há grande distância entre o que é esperado como papel estratégico do RH e a prática das empresas atualmente. Os resultados da pesquisa permitem demonstrar que os profissionais de recursos humanos das organizações pesquisadas sabem o que deve ser feito para que sua atuação seja estratégica para a organização. Porém, também revelaram que esse papel estratégico ainda é pouco apoiado pela alta direção das empresas, impactando assim na mudança de papel da área. HR PROFESSIONAL EYE IN RELATION TO THE ROLE OF STRATEGY IN ORGANIZATIONS ABSTRACT Strategic management has been responding to the challenges, sudden changes of great extent which are happening due to globalization, leading companies to increase competition in the market, aiming to stand out compared to the rivalry. On this perspective, Human Resources have been challenged to act, strategically, in the organizations, thus influencing the organizational performance and therefore, being necessary to redefine their roles in the last years. This paper aims at evaluating, through results obtained by the application of a questionnaire, how Human Resources professionals define which activities are considered more strategic, which current scenery is in the strategic HR action and which tendencies make HR professionals to migrate to the strategic model. The questionnaire was applied with 13 professionals, from the region of Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo and Espírito Santo, with companies in the industrial and service sectors. The main interest of this study is to verify if there is still a great distance between what is wanted as strategic role of HR and the practice of the companies nowadays. The results of the research show that the human resources professionals from the companies surveyed know what must be done to make their action strategic to the organization. However, it is also revealed that this strategic role is little supported by the directors of the companies, thus impacting on the changing in the role of the area.

Desde los setenta se asistió a una intensificación de los vínculos de la Internacional Socialista (IS) con organizaciones afines de América Latina. La ola dictatorial, que evocaba los recuerdos del fascismo, despertó la solidaridad y el interés por lo que ocurría al otro lado del Atlántico. Igualmente, esos fueron años en los que la IS creó una serie de enunciados en materia internacional, los cuales fueron puestos en práctica por el Gobierno de Felipe González. Bajo su mandato, España definió una nueva política exterior frente América Latina, pero cuyos postulados económicos iniciales tuvieron que variar por la adhesión a la Comunidad Económica Europea (CEE). Esta historia, poco estudiada, resulta muy importante porque constituye uno de los principales fundamentos sobre los cuales se ha construido el andamiaje que gobierna las relaciones europeo-latinoamericanas hasta el presente.

As one of the most sacred mountains in China, Taishan had drawn people’s attention near and far to make pilgrimage each year. In the corner of the 19th and 20th centuries, this changed as Christian religion came into Tai’an city at the foot of Taishan. The paper tries to describe what was happening, the result and why, from the aspect of historical description.

Though China looms large in the Mexican consciousness as an economic competitor, the same is not the same from the Chinese perspective. This study of the reporting of Mexico in China reflects on the lack of understanding of Mexico in China other than as a function of China’s international political economy. Though the prospects for greater cooperation may appear significant, the likelihood of this happening should clearly not be exaggerated. Mexico-China relations are asymmetrical and likely to stay that way for some time. Mexico’s value to China lies in its relationship to the USA, and not for anything intrinsic in the Mexican economy or society.

La desigualdad de poder entre hombres y mujeres, producto de una socialización dicotómica y jerárquica, que constituye el imaginario de la sociedad patriarcal, trae como consecuencia que la mujer se vea adscrita a unas conductas estereotipadas, de tal forma que al alejarse de ellas, se ven inmersas en un proceso de segregación con la subsiguiente marginalización y/o exclusión. El control social informal penetra de forma difusa pero eficaz en su cara opuesta y homóloga a la vez, el control social formal; y los comportamientos desarraigados del patriarcalismo sufren la metamorfosis de desviados a criminalizados. La reclusión en femenino no queda ajena a los (des)valores de esta sociedad: para la mujer la pena privativa de libertad es más dura y conlleva situaciones más discriminatorias que para el hombre, agravándose en el caso de mujeres extranjeras y mujeres gitanas. Pese a que las políticas de igualdad se van sucediendo, la interiorización del patriarcalismo es tan profunda que requiere estrategias educativas y sobre todo la deconstrucción del propio sistema. The inequality of power between men and women, the product of a dichotomous and hierarchical socialization, which constitutes the imaginary of patriarchal society, results in women being ascribed to stereotyped behaviors, so that by moving away from them, they are immersed in a process of segregation with the subsequent marginalization and/or exclusion. The informal social control penetrates in a diffuse but effective way in its opposite and homologous face at the same time, formal social control, and the uprooted behaviors of patriarchy suffer the metamorphosis of deviant to criminalized. Female imprisonment is not alien to the (dis)values of this society: for women the penalty of imprisonment is harsher and involves more discriminatory situations than for men, aggravating in the case of foreign women and Roma women. Despite the fact that equality policies are happening, the internalization of patriarchy is so deep that it requires educational strategies and above all the deconstruction of the system itself.

La Conferencia de Medellín se constituye uno de los eventos eclesiales más significativos y decisivos para la Iglesia, particularmente en América Latina. Pues, lo que sucedió fue un acontecimiento kairótico, un tiempo de gracia, un acontecimiento del Espíritu. Y es significativo que sus “bodas de oro” ocurran en tiempos del Papa Francisco, que, al igual que Medellín, reinterpreta los signos de los tiempos a la luz del retorno a Jesús y a la opción por los pobres. Recontextualizar hoy esa doble referencia en el continente latinoamericano es escuchar y celebrar Medellín, también con ocasión de sus 50 años.Abstract: The Medellin Conference became one of the most significant and decisive ecclesial events for the Church, particularly in Latin America. For what happened was an opportune happening, a time of grace, an event of the Spirit. And it is significant that its “gold anniversary” happens in Pope Francisco’s days, someone who, like Medellin, reinterprets the signs of the times in the light of Jesus’ return and in the option for the poor. To re-contextualize today this double reference in the Latin American Continent is to listen to Medellin and to celebrate it at the moment of its fiftieth anniversary.Keywords: Conference of Medellín; Latin American Church; Back to Jesus; Option for the por; Pope Francisco.