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Kuraklık, tarımsal üretimde önemli verim kayıplarına neden olan önemli bir çevresel strestir. Kuraklık stresi bitkilerin büyüme ve gelişimi üzerine olan olumsuz etkilerinin yanında ürünlerin kalitesi üzerinde de önemli etki yapar. Çalışmada hekzaploid yabani buğday türü olan Triticum spelta genotiplerinin kuraklığa karşı dayanıklılıkları test edilmiştir. 18 farklı T. spelta genotipi ile sera koşullarında yürütülen çalışma tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre 4’er tekerrürlü olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma 3 farklı su stresi uygulaması (TK70-kontrol, TK35, TK45) altında yapılmıştır. Tane olgunluk döneminde bitkiler hasat edilmiş ve bitkilerde kuru madde verimi, tane verimi, 1000 tane ağırlığı, hasat indeks ile stres tolerans indeks değerleri ve tanede N, P ve K konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, farklı su stresi uygulamaları altındaki T. spelta genotiplerinin kontrol uygulamasına (TK70) göre TK35 ve TK45 uygulamalarında kuru madde verimleri, tane verimleri ve 1000 tane ağırlıklarında istat iksel olarak (p

PurposeAdopting the brand resonance approach, this research aimed to reveal the effect of emotional (perceived quality) and rational (brand trust) factors between brand experience and brand loyalty.Design/methodology/approachThis article uses the brand resonance model to examine the above-mentioned relationship. The sample of the study consisted of 385 sports consumers between the ages of 18 and 65 years. An online survey was used to collect data and surveys were delivered to sports consumers via social media. Using SmartPLS 3.0 software, a partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis was conducted in this study.FindingsThe results support the hypotheses and demonstrate the importance of quality and trust in building customer loyalty for companies in the sports industry. Brand experience has a positive direct effect on perceived quality, brand trust and brand loyalty. It has been revealed that there is an important intermediary role of perceived quality and brand trust that manages the relationship between customers' brand experience and brand loyalty.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study are essential for brands that want to develop and are included in the sports industry in the online shopping environment, which increases with the development of technology to create long-term loyalty in customers.Originality/valueIt reveals two mediating roles in the relationship between brand experience and brand loyalty, namely perceived quality and brand trust. These research results help to understand the processes of shaping the loyalty of sports consumers towards sports brands. Unlike previous studies, it examines this relationship in the sports industry by adding new mediator variables and contributes to the development of the model.

This research was carried out to determine the effects of fertilizers with MgSO4 applied in the increasing amounts (0, 3, 6 and 9 kg da-1) on the leaf yield, leaf quality and some chemical (Mg, S, N, P, K, nicotine, sugar, chlorogenic and rutin concentration) parameters of tobacco in the field conditions of Tokat/Erbaa and Tokat/Kazova locations in 2017 year. The research was established in three replications according to the randomized block design, and the leaves that reached the harvest maturity were harvested in three hands. According to the results, with increasing doses of MgSO4 application, there was an increase in the leaf yield of the tobacco cultivar grown in Erbaa and Kazova locations. The increase in leaf yield was seen at the dose of 6 kg da-1 of MgSO4 and this increase was 22% in Erbaa location and 6.4% in Kazova location. It was observed that increasing MgSO4 applications caused statistically significant increases in leaf Mg and S concentrations, and the highest increase was observed in the leaf yield at a dose of 6 kg da-1. Nicotine concentration, which is a very important alkaloid component for tobacco, caused a decrease in both locations with MgSO4 application. The results revealed that increasing doses of MgSO4 caused an increase in the yield of tobacco leaves, an increase in leaf Mg and S concentrations, and a decrease in nicotine concentrations.

While salinity is among the most important abiotic stress factors that negatively affect yield and quality in plants, silicon (Si) is known as an element that reduces stress factors in plants. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the protective effect of foliar silicon (Si) applications against the damage caused by salt stress in tobacco plants. In the study, Si applications were made once and twice from the leaves of Canik 190/5 tobacco cultivars grown under four different (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 dS m-1) salt doses. Shoot dry matter yield, Na, K, Ca, Mg, P concentration and K/Na ratio were investigated. While increasing doses of salt applications caused a decrease in the shoot dry matter yield of the tobacco plant, foliar Si applications slowed the decrease in dry matter yields. While the average plant dry matter yield of control applications was 6.42 g plant-1, this value increased to 6.65 g plant-1 in the application of Si once from the leaf, and it increased to 7.08 g plant-1 in the application of Si application twice from the leaf. Silicon applications caused a decrease in Na concentrations of the tobacco plant, and increased the plant's resistance to salt by causing an increase in K concentrations and K/Na ratios. According to the results obtained; It has been revealed that foliar Si applications may have a positive effect on increasing the resistance of the tobacco plant against salt stress, and in terms of the number of applications, 2 applications on the leaf are more effective., Tuzluluk bitkilerde verim ve kaliteyi olumsuz yönde etkileyen en önemli abiyotik stres faktörleri arasında yer almasına karşılık, silisyum (Si) bitkilerde stres faktörlerini azaltan bir element olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada tütün bitkisinde tuz stresinin neden olduğu hasara karşı yapraktan Si uygulamalarının koruyucu etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada dört farklı (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 ve 6 dS m-1) tuz dozu altında yetiştirilen Canik 190/5 tütün çeşidine yapraktan 1 ve 2 defa Si uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Tüm bitki kuru madde verimi, Na, K, Ca, Mg, P konsantrasyonu ile K/Na oranı incelenmiştir. Artan dozlarda tuz uygulamaları tütün bitkisinin yeşil aksam kuru madde veriminde azalmaya neden olurken, yapraktan Si uygulamaları kuru madde verimlerindeki azalmayı yavaşlatmıştır. Kontrol uygulamalarının ortalama bitki kuru madde verimi 6.42 g bitki-1 iken, yapraktan 1 defa Si uygulamasında bu değer 6.65 g bitki-1’e çıkmış, yapraktan 2 defa Si uygulamasında ise 7.08 g bitki-1’e çıkmıştır. Silisyum uygulamaları tütün bitkisinin Na konsantrasyonlarında azalmaya neden olurken, K konsantrasyonları ile K/Na oranlarında artışa neden olarak bitkinin tuza karşı dayanıklılığını arttırmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda; tütün bitkisinin tuz stresine karşı dayanıklılığının arttırılmasında yapraktan Si uygulamalarının pozitif etkisinin olabileceği, uygulama sayısı bakımından ise yapraktan 2 defa uygulamanın daha etkili olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Bu çalışmada, yedi farklı hammaddeden 3 farklı sıcaklıkta (300, 400 ve 600 ºC) piroliz ile elde edilen biyoçarların çeşitli fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri belirlenmiş ve bitki yetiştiriciliği açısından karşılaştırılmaları yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, bölgede kolaylıkla temin edilebilen domates atıkları (sap, gövde ve yaprakları), kavak talaşı, buğday samanı, mısır koçanı, fasulye atıkları, çeltik kavuzu ve büyükbaş hayvan gübresi hammadde olarak kullanılmıştır. Üretilen biyoçarların, verimi, spesifik yüzey alanları (SYA), tarla kapasitesi (TK), solma noktası (SN) ve yarayışlı su içerikleri (YSİ), pH, elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), katyon değişim kapasitesi (KDK), toplam karbon (C) ve azot (N), kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg), potasyum (K), çinko (Zn), demir (Fe), bakır (Cu) ve mangan (Mn) konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Piroliz sıcaklığının 300 ºC’den 600 ºC’ye çıkarılması tüm biyoçar çeşitlerinde üretilen biyoçar miktarında ve SYA’nında azalmaya neden olmuştur. SYA’daki en belirgin azalma 300 ºC’de 758.3 m2 g-1 olan yüzey alanı 600 ºC’de 250.8 m2 g-1‘e düşen kavak talaşı olmuştur. Piroliz sıcaklığının artışı istatistiksel olarak önemli olmamakla birlikte TK, SN ve YSİ’nde artışa neden olmuştur. Nem içeriklerinde olduğu gibi, piroliz sıcaklığının artışı tüm biyoçar çeşitlerinin pH değerlerinin istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde artmasına neden olmuştur. Bununla birlikte EC değerleri sıcaklık artışından önemli düzeyde etkilenmemiştir. Biyoçar çeşidine bağlı olarak önemli ölçüde değişkenlik gösteren KDK değerleri 300 ºC’lik piroliz sıcaklığında 33.47 cmolc kg-1’den 88.16 cmolc kg-1’a, 400 ºC’de 41.87 cmolc kg-1’den 78.68 cmolc kg-1’e ve 600 ºC’de ise 23.27 cmolc kg-1’den 68.03 cmolc kg-1’e kadar değişkenlik göstermiştir. Sıcaklık artışı ile büyükbaş hayvan gübresinden üretilen biyoçarın toplam karbon içeriği azalırken fasulye biyoçarında bir değişim olmamış ancak diğer beş biyoçarın karbon içeriği artmıştır. Sıcaklık artışı özellikle 400 ºC’den sonra toplam N içeriğinin önemli düzeyde azalmasına yol açmıştır. Tüm biyoçar çeşitlerinde piroliz sıcaklığının 300 ºC’den 600 ºC’ye çıkarılması P ve K içeriklerinin artışına yol açmıştır. Sonuçlar, biyoçarların verimlerinin ve özelliklerinin piroliz sıcaklığına bağlı olarak önemli oranda değiştiğini göstermiştir. Yüksek sıcaklıkta (600 °C) üretilen biyoçarların çoğunlukla daha yüksek pH ve EC değerlerine ve mikro (Cu, Fe, Zn ve Mn) ve makro (P, K, Ca ve Mg) element konsantrasyonlarına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Kurşun (Pb), belirli eşik konsantrasyonları aştığında insanlar, hayvanlar ve bitkiler için tehlikeli olan bir ağır metaldir. Tütün bünyesinde yüksek konsantrasyonlarda kurşun biriktirebilen bir bitkidir. Kurşun alımında tütün genotipleri arasındaki farklılıklar ve bitkilerin kurşuna verdikleri henüz cevap açıkça belirlenmemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Pb dozlarının (Pb 0; 0,25; 2,5 ve 10 mg kg-1 ) iki farklı tütün çeşidinin (Xanthi/2A ve Nail) biyomas (kök ve yeşil aksam) üretimi, Pb konsantrasyonu ve mikro besin konsantrasyonları üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir. Kontrollü koşullar altında yetiştirilen tütün çeşitlerine artan Pb dozları ile birlikte temel makro (N, P ve K) ve mikro (Fe ve Zn) besin elementleri verilmiştir. İki farklı tütün çeşidinde biomas üretimi (kök ve yeşil aksam kuru madde verimi), yeşil aksam Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn ve Cu konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Artan dozlarda Pb uygulaması ile çeşitlerin kuru madde verimi önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Kök ve yeşil aksamda ortaya çıkan azalmaya karşın, artan dolarda kurşun uygulamaları ile tütün çeşitlerinin yeşil aksam kurşun konsantrasyonlarında istatiksel olarak önemli artışlara neden olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Artan dozlarda Pb uygulaması ile tütün çeşitlerinin yeşil aksam Zn, Fe, Mn ve Cu konsantrasyonlarında istatiksel olarak önemli artış ve azalışlara neden olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak en yüksek kurşun dozunda dahi Nail ve Xanthi/2A tütün çeşitlerinin yeşil aksamında 1,0 mg kg-1 ’ın altında Pb konsantrasyonuna sahip olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna rağmen kurşun ile kirlenmiş topraklarda yetişen tütün çeşitleri ile yapılan tütün mamulleri insanlar içim risk teşkil etmektedir. Lead (Pb) is a hazardous heavy metal pollutant for humans, animals and plants when the certain threshold concentrations exceeded. Tobacco can accumulate higher concentrations of Pb, and the genotypic differences of tobacco in Pb uptake and the response to Pb have not been clearly determined. The aim of this work was to determine the effects of various lead levels (Pb 0, 0.25, 2.5 and 10 mg kg-1 ) on biomass (shoot and root) production, Pb concentration and micro nutrient concentrations of two tobacco (Xanthi/2A and Nail) varieties. Tobacco plants were grown under controlled conditions, and required macro (N, P and K) and micro (Fe and Zn) nutrients were applied along with increased doses of Pb. The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations in shoot and dry matter yield (shoot and root) of two tobacco varieties were determined. The increased doses of Pb significantly affected the dry matter yield. Despite the decrease in root and shoot, it was found that tobacco varieties caused significant increases in shoot lead concentrations. Increasing doses of lead to significant increases and decreases in green parts Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations of tobacco varieties. As a result, it is revealed that Nail and Xanthi / 2A tobacco varieties have a Pb concentration of less than 1.0 mg kg-1, even at the highest lead dose, but tobacco products made with tobacco varieties grown in lead contaminated soils constitute a risk for tobacco smokers.

İletişim teknolojilerinin hızla gelişmesi ile dünya üzerinde yaşanan her olaya tüm dünya neredeyse anında ve canlı olarak kolayca ulaşabilmektedir. Kamu diplomasi aktörlerinin de günümüz teknolojisine ayak uydurmaları onları devletlerin önemli bir gücü haline getirmektedir. İnsanların en çok ilgi duyduğu ve takip ettiği büyük spor organizasyonlarını kullanarak kamu diplomasisi uygulamalarını yürütmek birçok gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkenin öncelikleri arasına girmiştir. Sportif başarı, son 20 yıldır uluslararası ilişkiler literatüründe yumuşak güç unsuru olarak yerini almış ve spor, ülkelerin uluslararası alandaki imajlarının oluşumunda önemli bir etken olmaya başlamıştır. Bu bilgiler doğrultusunda bu çalışmanın amacı, sporun kamu diplomasisi aracı olarak Türkiye’nin imajına etkisini incelemektir. Bu kapsamda uluslararası spor organizasyonlarında yer almış spor yöneticileri, uluslararası hakemler, spor yazarlarını ile çeşitli branşlarda milli takımlarda yer almış veya almakta olan sporcuları ve antrenörleri kapsayan 394 kişiye Gök (2016) tarafından geliştirilen İmaj Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan ölçek analiz edilmiş ve sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak araştırmaya katılan kişiler, Türkiye’nin ülke imajı olarak tesisleşme, uluslararası organizasyonları başarıyla düzenleme, spor alanında zengin bir kültürel mirasa sahip olma ifadelerinde daha olumlu görüş bildirirken, spor kültürünün, spor biliminin yeterli düzeyde oluşmadığı ve spor alanında teknolojinin geri kaldığı bir ülke imajının olduğunu belirtmişlerdir.

Sözbilimsel incelemelerin odağında hareket ve adım kavramları bulunmaktadır. Alanyazında hareket, tutarlı bir iletişimsel işlevi gerçekleştiren sözbilimsel birim olarak tanımlanır ve hareketin biçimsel değil, işlevsel bir birim olduğunu belirtilir. Adım ise hareketteki bilgiyi yapılandırmak için kullanılan oluşturucu ögeler veya yerlerdir. Bu çalışmada, 2005 ve 2015 yıllarında yayınlanan Eğitim bilimleri alanlarındaki makalelerin giriş bölümlerindeki sözbilimsel yapıların; makalelerin bilimsel alanlarına, yayınlandığı yıllara ve dergilere göre anlamlı bir farklılık olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Çalışma, farklı alanlardaki akademik metinlerin sözbilimsel yapı çözümlerinin ortaya konması ve bu yapıların istatistiksel olarak test edilmesi bağlamında önemlidir. Betimsel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı çalışmada, ULAKBİM Dergi Park Sistemi veri tabanında; 2005-2015 yıllarında yayınlanan; başlığında “eğitim” kelimesi yer alan, dergilerin ilk ve son sayılarındaki ilk üç eğitim içerikli Türkçe makaleler incelenmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Bilimsel Makalelerin Giriş Bölümlerindeki Hareket ve Adımları Değerlendirme Rubriği kullanılmıştır. Rubrikten elde edilen verilere göre veri analizinde betimsel, parametrik ve parametrik olmayan istatistikler kullanılarak bulgulara ulaşılmıştır ve bu bulgular çerçevesinde yorumlar yapılmıştır. Çalışmada incelenen makalelerde alanlara (Eğitim-Fen/Matematik ve Sosyal Bilimler), yıllara (2005 ve 2015) ve yayınlandığı dergilere göre istatistiksel farklar olduğu saptanmıştır.

Salinity is a serious agricultural problem restricting the cultivation of plants in the world and in Turkey, especially seen in arid and semi-arid regions, which limits crop yields and causing large areas remain non-agriculture. Boron (B) deficiency which arises in crop production in different parts of the world has also been shown to be an important nutritional problem in our country. It has been reported in studies carried out in recent years that damage caused by salt stress increased under B deficiency. Sunflower which is one of the Turkey's most important edible oil crops is known to be one of the most sensitive plants to B deficiency. In this study, two sunflower genotypes were tested in order to determine the effect of application B on reducing the effect of salt damage on sunflower under B application in saline and salt-free conditions in hydroponic culture. Dry matter yield of root and shoot of the plants, B concentration and K/Na and Ca/Na ratios were determined in the experiment. According to the results obtained from the experiment, it was seen that the salt addition decreased the dry matter yield of the control, whereas the B applications increased the yield compared to the control application. It has been understood that there is no significant role of B in alleviating of the salt damage and determined that B uptake level of the plant is increased in saline conditions. In addition to these results, differences in sunflower genotypes were observed in resistance to B deficiency and salt toxicity.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yüksek Cd konsantrasyonuna sahip toprağa çinko (Zn) uygulamaları ile ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğdayın Cd alımına olan etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışma sera koşullarında Zn noksanlığına sahip kireç içeriği yüksek bir toprakta tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede Cd uygulamaları 0 (Cd 0) ve 10 (Cd10) mg kg -1 Cd dozlarında uygulanmıştır. Çinko uygulamaları ise topraktan 0 (Zn 0) ve 10 (Zn 10) mg kg -1 Zn ile toprak + yapraktan (Zn10+3Y; Zn10+8Y) olacak şekilde yapılmıştır. Yapraktan Zn uygulamalarına sapa kalkma döneminde başlanmış ve haftada 1 defa olmak üzere 3 ve 8 defa yapraktan %0,1 dozunda ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O uygulaması yapılmıştır. Bitkiler tane olgunluk döneminde hasat edilmiş ve tanelerde Zn ve Cd konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlardan topraktan ve toprak+yapraktan Zn uygulamaları ile ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğdayların tane Zn konsantrasyonlarında önemli artışların olduğu görülmüştür. Toprağa Cd uygulaması ile Karacadağ çeşidine göre Harran-95 çeşidinin tanesinde daha fazla Cd birikimi olduğu görülmüştür. Karacadağ çeşidinin kontrol koşullarında 31 ?g kg -1 olan Cd konsantrasyonu, Cd 10 koşullarında 3.616 ?g kg -1 ’e, Harran çeşidinin ise 70 ?g kg -1 tane Cd konsantrasyonu Cd10 koşullarında 8.434 ?g kg -1 ’e yükseldiği görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, toprak, toprak + yapraktan Zn uygulamaları, makarnalık buğday çeşitlerinin tane Cd konsantrasyonlarını önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır. Haran-95 çeşidinin Cd 10 koşullarında 8.434 ?g kg -1 olan tane Cd konsantrasyonu, Zn10 koşullarında 6.464 ?g kg -1 ’a, Zn10+3Y koşullarında 7.932 ?g kg -1 ’a, Zn10+8Y koşullarında ise 6.745 ?g kg -1 ’a düşmüştür. Sonuçlardan makarnalık buğday çeşidinin ekmeklik buğday çeşidine göre topraktan daha fazla Cd aldığı görülmüştür. Bunun yanında topraktan ve yapraktan Zn uygulamaları ile makarnalık buğday çeşidinin Cd alımında daha fazla azalma olduğu görülmüştür. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of zinc application on Cd uptake of bread (Karacadağ) and durum (Harran-95) wheat growing in high Cd concentrations. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in Zn-deficient calcareous soil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replicates. In the experiment, Cd was applied 0 (Cd0) and 10 (Cd10) mg kg -1 . The Zn application was 10 mg kg -1 Zn (soil+leaf) (10 mg kg -1 Zn + 3 applications from leaf; 10 mg kg -1 Zn + 8 applications from leaf). The Zn application was started at the end of the tillering stage in ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O form at 0.1% dose as 3 (3F) and 8 (8F) times of leaf application per a week. The plants were harvested at grain maturity stage and the Cd and Zn concentrations of grains were determined. The results revealed that Zn concentrations of both bread and durum wheat varieties were significantly increased with the soil Zn and soil+leaf Zn applications. The Cd accumulation in Harran-95 variety with soil Cd treatment was higher than that of Karacadağ variety. The Cd concentration (31 ?g kg -1 ) in the control conditions of Karacadağ varieties increased to 3.616 ?g kg -1 in Cd 10 conditions, which was 70 ?g kg -1 in control conditions of Harran variety and increased to 8.434 ?g kg -1 in Cd10 conditions. However, soil and leaf Zn applications have significantly reduced the grain Cd concentrations of durum wheat variety. Cadmium concentration in Harran-95 cultivar at Cd10 dose was 8.434 ?g kg -1 before addition of Zn, and it was decreased to 6.464 ?g kg -1 , to 7.932 ?g kg -1 and to 6.745 ?g kg -1 with Zn10, Zn10+3Y and Zn10+8Y applications, respectively. The results showed that the durum wheat variety removed higher Cd than the bread wheat variety. In addition, the decrease in grain Cd concentrations was the highest in durum wheat variety with the soil and leaf Zn applications.

Bu çalışmada 2005 ve 2015 yıllarında yayınlanan Eğitim bilimleri (Eğitim bilimleri, Fen/Matematik bilimleri eğitimi ve Sosyal bilimler eğitimi) alanlarındaki makalelerin sözbilimsel yapılarını saptamak, bu yapıların kullanım sıklıklarını ve düzeylerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, alanyazındaki sözbilimsel yapı çözümlemeleri incelenerek yeni bir model oluşturulması; makalelerin giriş bölümlerini oluşturma sürecinde araştırmacıların yararlanmış oldukları tekniklerin ve alt tekniklerin listelenmesi ve farklı alanlardaki çalışmaların sözbilimsel yapı çözümlerinin ortaya konması bağlamında önemlidir. Betimsel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı çalışmada, ULAKBİM Dergi Park Sistemi veri tabanında 2005-2015 yıllarında yayınlanan, başlığında “eğitim” kelimesi yer alan dergilerin ilk ve son sayılarındaki ilk üç eğitim içerikli Türkçe makaleler incelenmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Bilimsel Makalelerin Giriş Bölümlerindeki Hareket ve Adımları Değerlendirme Ölçeği” ve “Bilimsel Makalelerin Giriş Bölümlerinde Kullanılan Teknik ve Alt Teknikleri Belirleme Çizelgesi” kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada hareketlerin ve adımların bulunma oranları ile düzeyleri arasında farklılıklar gözlenmiştir.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-ototoxic impact of Ginkgo biloba extract and lycopene on the model of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats. MATERIALS and METHODS: Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were examined with the distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) test (MADSEN Capella2; GN Otometrics, ICS Medical, Chicago USA), and they were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (n=8) was defined as the healthy control group. Cisplatin was given intraperitoneally as single dose of 12 mg/kg to group 2 (n=8), group 3 (n=8), and group 4 (n=8). Group 2 was determined as ototoxic control group. G. biloba extract (100 mg/kg) was given to group 3, and 20 mg/kg lycopene was given to group 4 with oro-gastric feeding tube daily for 10 days. DPOAE test was repeated on day 10 on all the groups. Finally, histopathological examination was performed. The study has been lead in agreement with the principles by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Review Board at Kocaeli University Medical Center (KOÜ HADYEK- 1/9-14). The animals were treated in accordance with protocols approved by this committee. RESULTS: When DPOAE tests were compared, there was no significant difference in the four groups before the application (p>0.05). At the end of day 10, in groups 2 to 4, statistically significant changes were observed (p

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Narince üzüm çeşidine (Vitis Vinifera L) üç farklı form (amonyum nitrat, amonyum sülfat, üre) ve 4 farklı dozda (kontrol, 5, 10 ve 15 kg/da N) azot uygulamalarının taze asma yaprak verimine olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. 2012 vejetasyon periyodunda kordon şeklinde terbiye edilmiş asmalar bir veya iki göz üzerinden (24 göz/asma) dekara 5000 göz olacak şekilde şarj edilmiştir. Azotun dört farklı dozu bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü olarak asmalara uygulanmıştır. Salamuralık genç asma yaprakları beş dönemde hasat edilmiş ve taze yaprak verimi (kg/da) belirlenmiştir. Hasat edilen yaprak örneklerinde gübre formlarının yaprak verimi üzerine etkisi istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Taze asma yaprak verimi 312,4 kg/da (Kontrol) ile 437,1 kg/da (Amonyum nitrat 10 kg N/da) arasında değişmiştir. Azot dozları arttıkça asma yaprağı verimi de artmıştır. Azot uygulaması taze yaprak verimini yaklaşık %30 artırmıştır. Deneme sonuçlarına göre, en yüksek asma yaprağı verimi 10 kg N/da uygulamasından alınmıştır. Amonyum nitrat uygulamaları ile diğer gübre formlarından daha yüksek yaprak verimi elde edildiği ortaya çıkmıştır The main object of this study was to determine the effects of increasing levels of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and urea on resh the vine leaves yield in Narince grape cultivar (Vitis Vinifera L). Vines trained with bilateral cordon system was pruned to yield 5000 buds/da (24 buds/vine) above one or two buds in 2012 vegetation period. Three levels of nitrogen (0-control, 5, 10, 15 kg N /da) were applied to vines, in a split parcels with four replications. Young vine brined leaves were collected five times during growing season, and fresh brined leaves yield ( kg/da) were determined. Fertilizer form applications had significant effect on fresh leaf yield. Fresh leaf yield varied from 312.4 (Control) to 437.1 kg/da (ammonium nitrate 10 kg N/da). Vine fresh leaves yield increeased with increasing of N doses. Nitrogen applications were increased fresh leaves yield by about 30%. According to experimental results, 10 kg/da N provided the highest vine leaves yield. Ammonium nitrate treatments had given more yield vine leaves yield than the other fertilizing treatments.

Plant sterols are belong to triterpenes family of natural products which includes more than 200 different types of plant sterols and more than 4000 other types of triterpenes. The optimization of method, specially the derivatization step as well as the corresponding analytical validation, is the main goal of this study. The optimum temperature, time and reagent volume of derivatization step were obtained at 60°C, 60 minutes and 50 µL, respectively. A rapid and sensitive gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for quantitative analysis of the most common plant sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol) in 20 Turkish bread wheat cultivars using GC-MS-SIM. Separation of β-cholestanol (I.S), campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol was achieved on Rxi (5Sil MS) column (60 m×0.25 mm). The limits of detection for β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol were 0.074, 0.054 and 0.064 mg kg-1, respectively with RSD ≤ 0.66%. The obtained concentrations of campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol from 20 Turkish bread wheat cultivars ranged from: 15.30 to 76.02, 4.27 to 23.23 and 303.21 to 682.66 mg kg-1, respectively.

INTRODUCTION: Lateral epicondylitis is a disease with unknown etiology that influences %1-%3 of society.(1) The major symptom is a kind of pain which originates from common extensor tendon, spreads out distally and increases with activities. Generally, it depends on using muscles excessively while sport or working and comprises of macroscopic and microscopic ruptures in common extensor origin and especially extensor tendon that are formed while strong grasping and excentric contractions with recurrent, rapid movements of wrist. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of ESWT in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. METHODS: We evaluated patients with lateral epicondylitis who were admitted to the treatment program and who had not yet received treatment. 60 patients were studied in two groups of 30s. Patients applied treatment 1000 shots 18 hz frequency,1,8 bar point and 1000 shots 21 hz frequency, 1,4 bar peripheral total 2000 shots once a week for three times.Patients in all groups underwent stretching and eccentric strengthening exercises. Socio-demographic properties, dominant hand, affected elbow, existence of trauma or repetative movements and the comorbid diseases, duration of symptoms, triggering factors and clinical examination results created the data. By the assessment of symptoms and signs VAS, algometer, HAQ and PRTEE-T scores were evaluated. RESULTS: At the end of the study, the ESWT-treated group showed statistically significant improvement in all variables compared with the groups (p

Bu araştırmanın amacı hem bitki hem de insan sağlığı için oldukça yaygın bir beslenme sorunu olan çinkonun (Zn) mısır ve buğday bitkisi üzerine olan etkisini belirlemektir. Sera koşullarında gerçekleştirilen araştırmada, doğal Zn noksanlığına sahip Çukurova ve Niğde topraklarına farklı düzeylerde (Zn0: 0 mg Zn kg-1 , Zn5: 5 mg Zn kg-1 ) uygulaması yapılmış ve buğday ve mısır bitkisinin verim ve mineral element konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Zn uygulaması ile buğday ve mısır bitkilerinin her iki toprakta da yeşil aksam kuru madde verimlerinde önemli artışlara neden olmuştur. Çinko uygulaması ile Çukurova toprağında buğday bitkisinin yeşil aksam kuru madde verimi %20, Niğde toprağında ise %76 artış göstermiş, mısır bitkisinde ise Çukurova toprağında %174, Niğde toprağında ise %127 düzeyinde verim artışı meydan gelmiştir. Çinko uygulaması ile bitkilerin yeşil aksam kuru madde verim artışı ile birlikte Zn konsantrasyonlarında da istatistiksel açıdan önemli artışlara neden olurken yeşil aksam Fe, Mn ve Cu konsantrasyonlarında azalmalara neden olmuştur. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of zinc (Zn), which is a common nutritional problem for both plant and human health, on corn and wheat plants. In the research carried out in greenhouse conditions, Zn (Zn0: 0 mg Zn kg-1, Zn5: 5 mg Zn kg-1) was applied to Çukurova and Niğde soils having a natural Zn deficiency and yield and mineral nutrient concentrations of wheat and corn plants were determined. Shoot dry matter yields of wheat and corn plants in both soils significant increased by Zn application. Zinc application caused to 20 and 76% shoot dry matter yield increase for wheat in Çukurova and Niğde soils. The increase in corn pants were greater which was 174% in Çukurova soil and 127% in Niğde soil. The Zn concentration was significantly increased with the increased shoot dry matter yield, while shoot Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations were decreased with Zn applications.

Objective:This study aimed to compare the efficacies of intratympanic dexamethasone and methylprednisolone in preventing in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats.Methods:Experimental groups of rats (n = 8 each) received intratympanic isotonic saline, intraperitoneal cisplatin and intratympanic isotonic saline, intraperitoneal cisplatin and intratympanic dexamethasone, or intraperitoneal cisplatin and intratympanic methylprednisolone. Distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds were compared on days 0 and 10 in all rats, and correlations between drug effects and changes in cochlear histology were evaluated.Results:Distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds were comparable in groups III and IV (p > 0.05). Significant protection against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity was seen in groups III and IV compared with group II (p < 0.05). Dexamethasone and, to a lesser extent, methylprednisolone protected against cellular apoptosis in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.Conclusion:Dexamethasone (and possibly methylprednisolone) may be clinically useful as an intratympanic chemopreventive agent to treat cisplatin ototoxicity. Future clinical studies should investigate the use of dexamethasone for this purpose in adult patients.

To investigate the effect of transtympanic betamethasone administration on hearing function with histologic correlation, rats were divided into three transtympanic treatment groups: isotonic saline (group I, n = 10), gentamicin (group II, n = 10) and betamethasone (group III, n = 10). Distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds were compared on day 10. Also histological effects on cellular apoptosis in both the inner and outer hair cells in organ of Corti and spiral ganglion neurons were evaluated. Distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds were comparable (p > 0.05) between group I and group III in all measurements. Distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds of group II were significantly elevated in all measurements when compared with group I (p

Aim: Purpose of this study is to assess patients diagnosed with psychogenic hearing loss, who describe hearing deficiency complaints but lack the auditory pathology in audiological examinations, in terms of depression and anxiety levels. Psychogenic hearing loss is presence of hearing deficiency despite the absence of any pathology that could cause hearing loss in auditory system. Purpose of this study is to assess patients diagnosed with psychogenic hearing loss, who describe hearing deficiency complaints but lack the auditory pathology in audiological examinations, in terms of depression and anxiety levels. Material and Methods: In our study 54 female patients, who admitted to our clinic between July 2015 and June 2017 with solely hearing deficiency complaint and had no other complaints including mainly otorhinolaryngology and psychiatric diseases, and 51 healthy female subjects who volunteered to attend our study were compared with regards to their Beck Anxiety and Depression scores.Results: Comparison of mean ages of patients group included in the study and the control group did not reveal any statistically significant difference (p>0.05). No significant difference was observed among groups for both pure tone audiometry and speech sound differentiation scores (p>0.05). Beck Anxiety Scale and Beck Depression Scale scores of the patient group was determined to be statistically significantly greater than that of those control group (p0.001).Conclusion: Psychogenic hearing losses are examined as one of the pseudoneurologic symptoms observed in conversion disorder. Our study results show that women who admit with psychogenic hearing loss had higher depression and anxiety levels than healthy control subject, therefore, points to the necessity for these patients to be evaluated for anxiety and depression and followed up jointly by psychiatry department with regards to psychotherapeutic intervention needs.

Objectives Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), which is a chronic rheumatologic disorder, may be associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). This study aims to investigate the incidence of erectile dysfunction in patients with AS with a control group and to investigate the risk factors for ED. Methods All demographic data were recorded. Participants in both groups filled in the IIEF-5 (International Index of Erectile Function), Beck Depression Index (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Index (BAI) questionnaires, whereas patients with AS additionally filled in Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrological Index (BASMI) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) questionnaires. Patients were compared concerning erectile function and predictive factors. Fifty patients with the AS diagnosis and fifty healthy males were included in this study. Results ED of all degrees was present in 38% and 30% of males in the AS group and control group, respectively, with no statistical difference. However, the mean IIEF-EF domain score of the AS group (22.3±7.0) was significantly lower than the control group (25.7±4.3) (p=0.004). In addition, BDI and BAI scores were significantly higher in the AS group. When we have divided patients in the AS group into two, according to the presence or absence of the ED, the mean IIEF-EF domain score of patients with ED was lower than AS patients without ED. No difference was detected in both groups concerning age and the duration of the disease. Patients who had ED in the AS group had significantly higher scores in BASDAI, BASFI, depression and anxiety; however, no significant difference was detected among groups regarding BASMI scores.Mean IIEF score was lower in patients with AS, and this had a negative correlation with BASDAI, BASFI, ASQoL, BDI and BAI scores. Conclusion Erectile function scores were slightly lower in the AS group than the control group in our study. ED risk factors were shown as disease activity and psychological status.

The purpose of this research is to develop a reliable and valid self efficacy scale which intends to measure Turkish Language prospective teachers self efficacy beliefs towards Turkish Language teaching. For this purpose, a 69 items trial form is constructed by using the Turkish Language Teaching specific competencies of MoNE (2008). The items in the trial form were ten point response categories as suggested by Bandura (2006). The trial form was administered to totally 413 participants who were Turkish Language teacher trainees. As a result of exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation, the structure with five factors and 22 items was obtained. While alpha reliability of the scale was obtained as 0.941, the reliability of factors, 0,911; 0,897; 0,857 and 0,761 and 0,761 were obtained respectively. The results of the factor analysis indicated that the scale provided construct validity

OBJECTIVES This study aims to show the effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on platelet activation in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-six patients (29 males, 17 females; mean age 48.2±7.6 years; range 40 to 56 years) with severe OSAS with apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) ≥30 were included in this study. Complete blood counts were analyzed and mean platelet volume (MPV) values were compared in patients before and after CPAP treatment at six months. RESULTS The mean MPV values before CPAP were 8.9±1.3 (p

This study supports the proposition that vestibular dysfunction and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) may be considered among the complications due to noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).The aim of this study was to evaluate the audiovestibular functions in patients with NIDDM and to determine if there is any correlation between audiovestibular dysfunction and the duration of the disease.A total of 104 patients diagnosed with NIDDM and 104 nondiabetic control subjects made up the study group. Diabetic patients were also divided into subgroups of ≤7 years and7 years according to the duration of the disease. Pure-tone audiometry (PTA), speech recognition scores (SRS), impedance audiometry, and vestibular function tests (VFT) were performed for all of the patients.Hearing thresholds in all frequencies (except at 500 Hz for bone conduction) and SRS values were statistically significant in patients with NIDDM and control subjects, but there was no statistically significant difference according to the duration of the disease. Statistically significant alterations were present in VFT in patients with NIDDM compared with the control subjects. In the diabetic group, only failure in the saccade test was statistically significant according to the duration of the disease.

Surgery and combinations of traditional treatments are not successful enough particularly for advanced stage head and neck cancer. The major disadvantages of chemotherapy and radiation therapy are the lack of specificity for the target tissue and toxicity to the patient. As a result, gene therapy may offer a more specific approach. The aim of gene therapy is to present therapeutic genes into cancer cells which selectively eliminate malignant cells with no systemic toxicity to the patient. This article reviews the genetic basis of head and neck cancers and important concepts in cancer gene therapy: (i) inhibition of oncogenes; (ii) tumor suppressor gene replacement; (iii) regulation of immune response against malignant cells; (iv) genetic prodrug activation; and (v) antiangiogenic gene therapy. Currently, gene therapy is not sufficient to replace the traditional treatments of head and neck cancers, however there is no doubt that it will have an important role in the near future.

To investigate changes in upper airway volume parameters measured by computerized tomography scans in patients with surgically treated by anterior palatoplasty of whom having pure snoring and mild-moderate obstructive sleep apnea. A prospective study on consecutively anterior palatoplasty performed pure snoring and obstructive sleep apnea patients. Computerized tomography scans were obtained preoperatively and following anterior palatoplasty procedure to measure changes in upper airway volume. Patients underwent diagnostic drug induced sleep endoscopy to assess the site of obstruction. Preoperative and postoperative measurements were compared using student’s t test and Chi-square test. Twenty-two patients (16 men and 6 women, age 48.22 ± 9.23, body mass index 25.85 ± 2.57) completed the trial. Anterior palatoplasty was associated with an increase in total upper airway volume from 4.81 ± 1.73 cm3 before treatment to 6.57 ± 2.03 cm3 after treatment (p

We report the comparisn of two different treatment modalities on a bilateral congenital choanal atresic patient. The nasal endoscopic examination of a 5-year-old girl who had nasal obstruction and bilateral rhinorrhea revealed bilateral obliterated choanas. The choanal atresia was corrected using the transnasal endoscopic approach. An endotracheal tube stent was inserted through the right choana while no stent was used for the left side. Two years after the operation, an endoscopic examination revealed no stenosis in either side. Bilateral congenital choanal atresia is rarely among the reasons for nasal obstruction in the post-neonatal period. The transnasal endoscopic approach is a safe and effective surgical technique. As there will be no differences such as tissue healing factors, comparison of stenting and non-stenting on the same patient provides us with valuable information. However a single patient is not sufficient to arrive at a decisive conclusion. Studies conducted in the future on a large number of cases will provide us with more information.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between upper airway morphology and apnea vs hypopnea predominance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. METHODS: A retrospective study on consecutively CT scans obtained from 54 OSA patients and 53 non-snoring controls. CT scans were measured to evaluate upper airway and surrounding structures' morphologic characteristics. OSA patients (matched for age, gender and body mass index) compared as two groups; apneic group: apnea ratio >50% and hypopneic group: hypopnea ratio >50%. Morphologic characteristics were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test and Pearson’s correlation test. RESULTS: Apneic group (17 patients) showed 76.56% apnea rate and hypopneic group (37 patients) showed 78.46% hypopnea rate. Minimal lateral and anteroposterior dimensions of velopharynx in the apneic group (0.86 ± 0.73 and 0.21 ± 0.13 cm, respectively) was statistically lesser from that of the hypopneic group (1.2 ± 0.42 and 0.54 ± 0.22 cm, respectively). Minimum cross-sectional area of the velopharynx was also lesser in apneic group (0.21 ± 0.16 cm(2)) than that in hypopneic group (0.65 ± 0.38 cm(2)). Almost all upper airway parameters in both apneic and hypopneic groups were tended to be smaller than in controls. CONCLUSION: Decrease in airway volume does not signify the type of respiratory event, but significant narrowing of velopharynx in both dimensions; thus having the narrowest value below a certain level causes more apnea. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: We did not find a similar study when we did a literature search, showing the relationship of apnea vs hypopnea predominance and upper airway parameters in CT in patients with OSA.

To investigate the effect of intranasal splint removal time on patient comfort and possible complications after septoplasty. One hundred and nine patients who had septoplasty operations were included in this study. The patients were divided into three groups. In the 1st group (n = 36), splints were removed on the 3rd day after septoplasty; in the 2nd group (n = 36), splints were removed on the 5th day; and in the 3rd group (n = 37), splints were removed on the 7th day. Pain and nasal fullness were evaluated with visual analog scale. Synechia, perforation, hematoma, infection and hemorrhage were recorded after the removal of the splints (postoperative 1, 8 and 24 weeks). For the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups, respectively, pain score was 1.96, 2.67, and 2.67; and nasal fullness score was 6.23, 6.04, and 5.48. Nasal synechia was detected in two patients in the 1st group and in one patient in the 2nd group. Early hemorrhage was detected in two patients in the 1st group and one patient in the 3rd group. Infection, septal perforation and hematoma were detected in three patients in the 1st group. There was no difference in hemorrhage, hematoma, synechia and perforation rates between the three groups. There are various opinions in the literature about the ideal removal time of intranasal tampons after septoplasty, but there is no consensus on this topic. Our study shows that removal time of intranasal splints has no effect on patient comfort or possible complications.

The purpose of this study was to show the clinical characteristics of microtia and congenital aural atresia cases in Turkey and to make the classification. For this purpose, records of 28 patients with microtia who were admitted to the ENT Clinic of Eskisehir Military Hospital, Turkey, between 1995 and 2011 and 3 patients admitted to the ENT outpatient clinic of Kocaeli Derince Education and Research Hospital, Turkey, were analyzed retrospectively. Of the total 31 patients with microtia (35 microtic ears), involvement of the right ear of 20 patients (64.5%), the left ear of 7 patients (22.5%), and bilateral involvement in 4 patients (12.9%) were observed. There was a unilateral involvement in 27 patients (87.1%). According to the Marx grading, 2 patients (5.7%) had grade 1 malformation, 3 (8.6%) had grade 2 malformation, 29 (82.9%) had grade 3 malformation, and 1 (2.9%) had grade 4 malformation (anotia). Although the characteristics of microtia vary in different population, the results in Turkey are consistent with those in the literature.

Apocrine hidrocystomas are uncommon cystic proliferations of the apocrine secretory glands. Maxilla is an unexpected involvement site for these tumors. Our study represents the first case of an apocrine hidrocystoma of the maxilla excised by an intraoral (sublabial) approach, being the first to define the radiologic findings of apocrine hidrocystoma on this region. This case is an extremely rare type in terms of the unusual symptomatology, location and size of the tumor. In this article, clinical presentation, surgical findings, histopathological features and treatment of this rare lesion were discussed.

WOS: 000308609300001, Increasing the amount of bioavailable mineral elements in plant foods would help to improve the nutritional status of populations in developing countries. Legume seeds have the potential to provide many essential nutrients. It is important to have information on genetic variations among different lentil populations so that plant breeding programs can use new varieties in cross-breeding programs. The main objective of this study was to characterize the micro- and macronutrient concentrations of lentil landraces seeds collected from South-Eastern Turkey. We found impressive variation in the micro- and macroelement concentrations in 39 lentil landraces and 7 cultivars. We investigated the relationships of traits by correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The concentrations of several minerals, particularly Zn, were positively correlated with other minerals, suggesting that similar pathways or transporters control the uptake and transport of these minerals. Some genotypes had high mineral and protein content and potential to improve the nutritional value of cultivated lentil. Cross-breeding of numerous lentil landraces from Turkey with currently cultivated varieties could improve the levels of micro- and macronutrients of lentil and may contribute to the worldwide lentil quality breeding program.

There is a lot of evidence indicating an association between upper and lower airway diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the objective and subjective effects of surgical treatment of pathologies causing nasal obstruction in relation with asthma. Materials and methods: In this study, 17 patients with asthma were divided into 2 groups. Nine patients with septal and/or disorders of turbinate constituted group 1, and 8 patients with nasal polyposis or concomitant septal deviation constituted group 2. Nasal endoscopic examination was performed and paranasal sinus computed tomography was obtained for each patient. Subjects with nasal polyposis, refractory to systemic steroid treatment, were included in the study. Nasal obstruction was treated surgically in all patients. Preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively patients were evaluated in terms of sinonasal symptoms, severity of asthma, and pulmonary function tests. Results: The mean FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second) and FEF25-75 (forced midexpiratory flow rate) rates were improved in both groups postoperatively, but this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Severity of asthma and dosage of asthma medications were reduced in all patients and in half of the patients, respectively. Nasal obstruction, headache, and postnasal drip were the most frequent symptoms in both groups. These symptoms improved markedly after the surgery. Conclusion: Sinonasal symptoms and severity of asthma reduce with the surgical treatment of nasal obstructions, which increase the quality of life of patients significantly.

This study was conducted to evaluate the oxidant/antioxidant balance (oxidative stress status) and plasma essential trace element levels in patients with bronchial asthma or allergic rhinitis.A total of 94 individuals consisting of 19 allergic asthmatics; 17 non-allergic asthmatics; 22 patients with allergic rhinitis; and 36 healthy control people were enrolled into this study. Superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity as antioxidant defence mechanism parameters, along with malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of lipid peroxidation, were determined in erythrocytes of patient groups and controls. Plasma copper and zinc levels were also determined in all groups.CuZnSOD activity was significantly lower in all groups of patients (p0.001 for allergic asthmatics, p=0.008 for allergic rhinitis patients, and p0.001 for non-allergic asthmatics) when compared to those of controls. Erythrocyte GSH-Px enzyme activity was not different when compared to that of the control group. Similarly, the patient groups had no difference from those of the controls with respect to erythrocyte MDA levels. While plasma Cu levels in all asthmatic patients were not different from those of the controls, allergic rhinitis patients had significantly elevated (p0.001) Cu levels compared to those of the controls. No statistically significant difference was established between patient groups and controls with respect to plasma zinc levels.While defective CuZnSOD activity observed in all patients groups was expected to cause an increase in lipid peroxidation indicated by high MDA levels in these patients groups, the fact that MDA levels were not different from those of controls in all patient groups indicates that other components of anti-oxidant defence system preserve their functions in these patients. On the other hand, statistically significant difference between all patients groups and controls with respect to trace elements was only observed in allergic rhinitis patients who had higher levels of Cu than those of controls.

Objective:We report a rare case of sialadenoma papilliferum.Method:A case report of sialadenoma papilliferum is presented.Results:A 67-year-old woman presented with recurrent epistaxis. She was found to have an exophytic, well circumscribed mass on the nasal septum mucosa. The lesion was completely excised. A diagnosis of sialadenoma papilliferum was made based on the characteristic histological pattern. Follow up showed no evidence of recurrence. Subsequently, the patient remained well without complaint of epistaxis.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first report in the world literature of sialadenoma papilliferum of the nasal cavity. This case indicates that this rare tumour can present with epistaxis, and can be resolved by means of total excision.

Bu calismada, cocuk edebiyati literaturunde kendine tam olarak yer bulamamis, cocuga goreligi sorgulanan bilgilendirici metin turlerinden “kose yazilari” sorunsallastirilmistir. Taranan cocuk edebiyati kitaplarinin buyuk kisminda yeterince konu edinmeyen “kose yazilari”, deginilen kitaplarda ise cok fazla ayrintili islenmemistir. Kose yazilari, alan yazininda “fikra” basligi altinda yer almistir. Cocuk edebiyati uzerine kaleme alinmis kuramsal eserlerde, fikra bolumunde ise genellikle tanimla yetinilmis daha cok halk edebiyati urunu olan fikra konu edinmistir. Calismada, cocuk edebiyati kavrami uzerinde durulmus, edebiyat-cocuk edebiyati ayrimi tartisilmistir. Cocuk edebiyatinin anadil ogrenimine katkisi da arastirma konusu edilmistir. Bunun yaninda kose yazisi turunun genel ozellikleri verilerek kose yazilarinin cocugun bedensel, ruhsal, zihinsel ve dil gelisimine katkisi vurgulanmistir. Daha sonra ilkogretim ikinci kademe Turkce ders kitaplarinda kose yazisi turune ne kadar yer verildigi sorusu cevaplanmaya calisilmistir. Calismanin sonunda ilkogretim ikinci kademe Turkce programlari baglaminda tema-kazanimlar gozetilerek ders kitabinda yer alabilecek bir kose yazisi metni olusturulmustur. Calismada tarama modeli kullanilmistir.