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Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objectives Cat-transmitted sporotrichosis (CTS), caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis, is an emerging fungal disease that has become a major public health concern in Brazil. Transmission of CTS usually occurs through the implantation (e.g., scratches or bites) of infectious yeast from feline Sporothrix lesions. Recent reports on transmission events have suggested that S. brasiliensis might be transmitted through feline respiratory droplets created while sneezing. The aim of our study is to determine whether infectious respiratory secretions are expelled when cats with sporotrichosis sneeze. Methods We collected respiratory secretions expelled while sneezing from 28 cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis. We placed a Mycosel agar plate, a fungal culture medium, in front of the animals’ nostrils and used a nasal swab to stimulate sneezing (Fig. 1). Samples were incubated at 28-30°C for 4 weeks in the Mycology laboratory of Hospital de Clinicas. Molecular identification of the isolates was performed by sequencing the calmodulin gene. The infected cats enrolled in the study were subsequently treated at the School Veterinary Clinic of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, a referral hospital for the treatment of feline sporotrichosis. Results Out of the 28 respiratory samples collected, 20 (70%) had evidence of fungal growth morphologically consistent with Sporothrix. Sequencing of all isolates identified Sporothrix brasiliensis (Fig. 2). Conclusion We identified a possible novel route of transmission of Sporothrix spp. through infectious feline respiratory secretions expelled during sneezing. The respiratory droplets created by a sneeze could contain viable Sporothrix yeast that could infect humans and other animals after mucosal exposure. One health partner and collaborator such as veterinarians, physicians, health authorities, epidemiologists, and fungal disease researchers should be made aware of the potential spread of Sporothrix through respiratory droplets and sneezing to prevent and control the further spread of CTS. To prevent cat-to-human transmission of Sporothrix brasiliensis, personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn while handling a cat with suspected sporotrichosis. Veterinarians, veterinary clinic employees, students, and pet shop owners are at increased risk due to their professions. Veterinary care frequently involves procedures that encourage respiratory droplets (e.g., nasal swabs); restraint and other close contact may directly expose staff to infectious secretions. Because this study identified viable yeast in respiratory droplets from sneezing, decontamination and disinfection of exposed surfaces is increasingly important, as surfaces and objects can serve as fomites for Sporothrix. Physicians who diagnose and treat human cases of sporotrichosis should be aware of this new transmission method to improve clinical suspicion, diagnosis, and treatment for sporotrichosis. Approximately half of the human patients with conjunctival sporotrichosis did not report experiencing traumatic injury from cats; mucosal exposure to infectious yeast is a likely alternative transmission method.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis, for which the definitive diagnosis is accomplished by bacterial isolation, which has biosafety issues and requires long time. Thus, diagnostic methods with potential to be faster and more efficient can represent an advance in bTB epidemiological knowledge and decrease exposure to M. tuberculosis var. bovis. This study aimed to validate a molecular test for bTB post-mortem diagnosis, as a strategy to reduce waste in bovine production. A total of 185 tissues from animals of infected herds or with suspected lesions at abattoir were evaluated through bacterial isolation, PCR and histopathology. PCR and histopathology showed sensitivities of 45.1% and 71.2%, respectively, and specificities of 83.3% and 83.0%, respectively, when compared to bacterial isolation. The combination of both tests resulted in enhanced specificity and positive predictive values.Therefore, PCR in conjunction with histopathology may be used as screening, in which concordant results can be considered conclusive, and discordant results may be submitted to bacterial isolation.

Resumo - Esse artigo analisa campanha lançada a partir de um caso de ofensa racial contra o jogador de futebol Daniel Alves. Propagada pelo também atleta Neymar Jr., a campanha Somos Todos Macacos tentava responder ao problema global dos discursos de racismo em estádios e obteve grande repercussão nas redes sociais e cobertura midiática. A tentativa de inserir um tema tabu por meio de slogan teve êxito ao alcançar gigantesco engajamento virtual, mas também gerou controvérsia, especialmente após a descoberta que esse tema de interesse público foi trazido à cena pública por meio de uma estratégia de agência de publicidade. A partir da noção de “paradoxo da visibilidade”, constata-se que, apesar de obter visibilidade, a estratégia sucumbe ao tentar simplificar um tema complexo sugerindo ação privada em um problema social que necessita de ação coletiva. A conclusão é de que a naturalização do racismo e o ideal de miscigenação no Brasil engendram a manutenção de discursos racistas, mesmo quando a tentativa é de insurgência contra eles, caso da campanha Somos Todos Macacos.Palavras-chave: Visibilidade; Comunicação; Racismo; Campanha.

Os efeitos antitussígenos - expectorantes de dois fitoterápicos existentes no mercado brasileiro, foram avaliados utilizando-se três modelos biológicos diferentes. Cada formulação fitoterápica, com composição diferente, apresentava o mesmo número de lote e data de fabricação. Os nomes comerciais dos fitoterápicos avaliados foram: Extrato Expectorante Salva e Xarope Expectorante e Sedativo da Tosse Fitomed. Uma espécie animal específica foi utilizada em cada modelo avaliado (n=10 animais/grupo). Foram utilizados ratos Wistar no modelo da secreção das vias aéreas, cobaios no modelo de tosse induzido por ácido cítrico e codornas japonesas na determinação da velocidade de transporte mucociliar. Os animais (um grupo/formulação) foram divididos nos dois grupos de fitoterápicos e tratados por via oral, com o equivalente a dez vezes a dose terapêutica recomendada (9mL.kg-1). Um grupo controle negativo de cada espécie foi tratado com solução fisiológica (10mL.kg-1). Um grupo controle positivo composto por cobaios utilizados no modelo de tosse induzida pelo ácido cítrico foi tratado com morfina (1mg.kg-1) por via subcutânea. No modelo onde foram utilizados ratos (secreção das vias aéreas) e codornas (determinação de velocidade de transporte mucociliar) o grupo controle positivo recebeu erdosteína por via oral (600mg.kg-1). Os resultados mostraram que as duas formulações fitoterápicas foram eficazes em inibir o reflexo da tosse induzido pelo ácido cítrico em cobaios. Nos modelos de secreção das vias aéreas em ratos e determinação da velocidade de transporte mucociliar em codornas nenhuma das duas formulações apresentou eficácia significativa. The antitussive-expectorant effects of two phytotherapic formulations of Brazilian market were evaluated using three different biological models. Each phytotherapic formulation, with different composition, had the same batch number and fabrication date. The trade names of phytotherapics were: Extrato Expectorante Salva and Xarope Expectorante e Sedativo da Tosse Fitomed. A specific animal specie was used in each evaluated model (n=10 animals/group). Wistar rats in the airway secretion model, guinea pigs in the citric acid-induced cough model and japanese quails in the mucociliary trans-port rate determination were used. The animals (one group/formulation) were divided in the two phytotherapic groups, and treated orally with the equivalent to ten times the therapeutic recommended dose (9mL.kg-1). A negative control group each specie was treated orally with saline (10mL.kg-1). Positive guinea-pigs citric acid-induced cough model was treated with morphine (1mg.kg-1) subcutaneously. In the rat airway secretion model and japanese quails mucociliary transport rate, a positive control received orally erdosteine (600mg.kg-1). The results showed that the six phytotherapic formulations were able to inhibit the guinea pig cough reflex induced by citric acid. The rat airway secretion and the mucociliary transport rate were not significantly affected by the two phytotherapic formulations.

Ginkgo biloba é uma planta usada como fitoterápico por demonstrar efeitos benéficos sobre algumas funções cerebrais, especialmente no tratamento das doenças de Alzeimer e Parkinson. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a toxicidade reprodutiva do extrato de Ginkgo biloba administrado em ratos Wistar. Os animais foram tratados diariamente por via oral, na dose de 17 mg/kg com auxílio de uma sonda orogástrica e os resultados comparados a um grupo controle tratado com solução fisiológica na dose de 10 mL/kg . Os machos de ambos os grupos foram tratados por 91 dias, e as fêmeas por 77 dias, no período de préacasalamento, acasalamento, gestação e lactação. Com relação ao desenvolvimento ponderal, consumo de água e ração os animais tratados com extrato de Ginkgo biloba não apresentaram alterações comparados ao grupo controle. Não foram detectadas alterações morfológicas nos órgãos internos, cuja massa relativa não diferiu do controle. Não houve interferência sobre a gestação, assim como os índices reprodutivos e de desenvolvimento pós-natal não apresentaram alterações significativas em relação ao grupo controle. A avaliação do líquido seminal do ducto deferente e dos testículos não mostrou diferença na morfologia espermática e na contagem de células espermáticas, comparadas ao grupo controle. Os filhotes de animais tratados com Ginkgo biloba apresentaram desenvolvimento pós-natal com aparecimento de características de desenvolvimento sexual dentro do período previsto para a espécie. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o extrato de Ginkgo biloba em dose 10 vezes a recomendada com finalidade terapêutica, não possui efeito negativo na reprodução de ratos. O fitoterápico pode ser considerado atóxico sobre a reprodução de ratos. Ginkgo biloba is a plant used as phytotherapic based in benefic cerebral effects, specialy in the treatment of Alzeimer and Parkinson disease. In this study we investigated the potencial reproductive toxicity of a Ginkgo biloba extract in Wistar rats. The animals received daily per os 17mg/kg of the extract and the results were compared to a control group (saline - 10mL/kg). Mature male rats were treated over a period of 91 days, while the female rats were treated during the pre-mating, mating, pregnancy and lactation periods (77 days). The daily evaluation of body weight, water and food consumptiom did not show any difference between the Ginkgo biloba and the control group. No morphological alteration on visceral organ was observed, and the relative weight was similar to the control. The pregnancy was not affected and the dams gave birth to normal litters. The reproductive and post-natal index didn’t show significant differences between groups. The seminal fluid evaluation didn’t show differences between Ginkgo biloba and control group in spermatic count and morphology. The general and sexual development of the Ginkgo biloba offspring was normal, considering the specie. It is concluded that the administration of the Ginkgo biloba extract, 10 times the proposed therapeutic dose did not affect rat reproduction. The phytotherapic can be considered no toxic in rata reproduction.

The present study aimed to investigate thein vitromutagenic activity ofOriganum majoranaessential oil. The most abundant compounds identified by GC-MS wereγ-terpinene (25.73%),α-terpinene (17.35%), terpinen-4-ol (17.24%), and sabinene (10.8%). Mutagenicity was evaluated by theSalmonella/microsome test using the preincubation procedure on TA98, TA97a, TA100, TA102, and TA1535Salmonella typhimuriumstrains, in the absence or in the presence of metabolic activation. Cytotoxicity was detected at concentrations higher than 0.04 μL/plate in the absence of S9 mix and higher than 0.08 μL/plate in the presence of S9 mix and no gene mutation increase was observed. For thein vitromammalian cell micronucleus test, V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts were used. Cytotoxicity was only observed at concentrations higher than or equal to 0.05 μg/mL. Moreover, when tested in noncytotoxic concentrations,O. majoranaessential oil was not able to induce chromosome mutation. The results from this study therefore suggest thatO. majoranaessential oil is not mutagenic at the concentrations tested in theSalmonella/microsome and micronucleus assays.

Background: Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that allows vascular anatomical and dynamics evaluation. Each artery has flow velocity profiles and different Doppler spectrum. The purpose of this study was to determine if sedation with acepromazine and butorphanol in dogs alters Doppler velocimetric values and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries of healthy dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty healthy female dogs, aged 1 to 5 years, with body weight ranging from 10 to 25 kg, were evaluated with Doppler ultrasound in order to obtain: peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, time average medium velocity, time average maximum velocity, resistive index, pulsatility index, and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries. The same animals were sedated with acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and buthorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) and the same parameters were reevaluated. The heart rate was also measured. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of UFRGS, under the 25552 protocol, and the owners signed an informed consent form. Statistical analysis was performed with pared t test.The heart rate was statistically significant different, 98 ± 20.13 bpm before and 79 ± 17.74 after sedation. The exam was done before and after sedation in all selected vessels, except the celiac and cranial mesenteric artery, which were possible only in 35% and 45% respectively. All measured arteries exhibit difference in at least two of the analyzed parameters, except femoral artery, that only diameter was different.Discussion: Each vessel was selected because of its importance, and each of them has its own characteristic waveform. Changes in patterns of flow velocity of the celiac artery and mesenteric can help to determine the physiological condition of the gastrointestinal tract; in the case of renal arteries are associated with diseases involving parenchyma and; thrombosis in the aorta and the iliac and femoral arteries may be difficult to evaluate without the Doppler image. Examination of the AC and AMC before and after sedation not could be performed in all animals, maybe because the present work was carried out with only fasting requirement, without using dimethicone, and one of the difficulties encountered was the presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract. Another factor that may have contributed to these findings is that the acute stress of containment and other environmental factors can cause release of vasopressin and leads to vasoconstriction of the splanchnic vascular bed. The dopplervelocimetric data found in celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal and femoral arteries in non-sedated animals was similar to what was described by other authors. Although all dogs demonstrated relaxation during the exam, this sedation protocol alters the values found with Doppler ultrasound in the selected vessels, except femoral artery, which caused only increase of diameter. The Doppler differences found can be a consequence of a decrease in heart rate associated with longer cycle length, and therefore, larger diastolic volume with vessels that stayed with same diameter, or in case of caudal abdominal aorta, that reduced the diameter. This study compared the dopplervelocimetric values to the ones described by other authors in non-sedated animals and demonstrated that although acepromazine and buthorphanol are a good option to sedate dogs to perform ultrasound exam, they alter the Doppler values from aorta abdominal, celiac, cranial mesenteric, renal, external iliac arteries and the femoral artery diameter.

O fitoterápico Cassaú Composto® é uma associação de extratos fluidos de Aristolochia cymbifera (“cassaú”), Plantago major L.(“transagem”), Luehea grandiflora Mart.(“açoita-cavalo”), Myrocarpus frondosus Allemão (“cabreúva”), Piptadenia colubrina Benth (“angico”). Avaliou-se a segurança deste fitoterápico através de estudos de toxicidade aguda e subcrônica, tendo como base a resolução Nº 90, de 16 de março de 2004 da ANVISA. Para o teste de toxicidade aguda, ratos Wistar de ambos os sexos foram tratados por via oral com uma única dose de 26 ml/kg, correspondendo a 20 vezes a dose terapêutica indicada pelo fabricante para seres humanos adultos. Os resultados revelaram haver sinais de toxicidade sistêmica com o aparecimento de ataxia, porém de forma transitória e reversível, não causando interferência no desenvolvimento ponderal dos animais, nos consumos de água e ração, nas produções de urina e fezes, bem como alterações macroscópicas nos órgãos dos animais. Avaliou-se também a exposição a doses repetidas do fitoterápico. Constituiram-se 4 grupos experimentais (10 animais/sexo/dose), onde administrou-se por via oral a ratos Wistar, durante 30 dias, doses diárias de 1,3 ml/kg, 6,5 ml/kg e 13 ml/kg, respectivamente a dose terapêutica indicada pelo fabricante para seres humanos adultos, 5 vezes, e 10 vezes a dose terapêutica, além de um grupo controle, onde administrou-se o veículo do fitoterápico. Os resultados revelaram ausência de toxicidade sistêmica, fundamentados na ausência de alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas sangüíneas, bem como peso e análises histopatológicas dos órgãos, nos diferentes grupos. Concluiu-se que a utilização do fitoterápico nas doses e períodos referidos pode ser considerado segura. The phytotherapic Cassaú Composto® is an association of fluid extracts of Aristolochia cymbifera, Plantago major L., Luehea grandiflora Mart., Myrocarpus frondosus Allemão and Piptadenia colubrina Benth (Cassaú Composto®). The safety of the phytotherapic was evaluated through studies of acute and sub-chronic toxicity, being based in the resolution Nº 90, March 16th, 2004 from ANVISA. For the test of acute toxicity Wistar rats of both sexes were treated orally with a single dose of 26 ml/kg, which corresponds to 20 times the therapeutic dose indicated by the producer for adult humans. The results revealed that there are signals of systemic toxicity including transitory and reversible ataxy, no interference in the development of weight gain in the animals, in water and feed consume, in the production of urine and feces, neither macroscopic alterations in the animals’ organs. It was also evaluated the exposition of repeated doses of the phytotherapic (sub-chronic toxicity). Four experimental groups (10 animals/sex/dose) were oraly treated during 30 days with daily doses of 1,3 ml/kg, 6,5 ml/kg and 13 ml/kg, respectively the therapeutic dose indicated to humans, 5 times, and 10 times the therapeutic dose, and a control group, receiving the phytotherapic vehicle. The results revealed the absence of systemic toxicity, based in the absence of hematological and blood biochemical alterations, as well as weigh and histopatological analysis of organs, in the different groups. It was concluded that the utilization of the referred phytotherapic in the mentioned doses and periods might be considered secure.

O fitoterápico Xarope de Agrião Composto Cibecol ® é uma associação de extratos de Roripa nasturtium Rusby (Agrião), Musa spp. (Bananeira), Linné (Figueira), Tagetes minuta Linné (Chinchilia) e mel de abelhas. Avaliou-se a segurança deste fitoterápico através de estudos de toxicidade aguda e subcrônica, tendo como base a resolução No 90, de 16 de março de 2004 da ANVISA. Para o teste de toxicidade aguda, ratos Wistar de ambos os sexos foram tratados por via oral com uma única dose de 26 ml/kg, correspondendo a 20 vezes a dose terapêutica indicada pelo fabricante para seres humanos adultos. Os resul- tados revelaram não haver sinais de toxicidade sistêmica, não causando interferência no desenvolvimento ponderal dos animais, nos consumos de água e ração, nas produções de urina e fezes, bem como alterações macroscópicas nos órgãos dos animais. Avaliou-se também a exposição a doses repetidas do fitoterápico. Constituíram-se 4 grupos experimentais (10 animais/sexo/ dose), onde administrou-se por via oral a ratos Wistar, durante 30 dias, doses diárias de 1,3 ml/kg, 6,5 ml/kg e 13 ml/kg, respectiva- mente a dose terapêutica indicada pelo fabricante para seres humanos adultos, 5 vezes, e 10 vezes a dose terapêutica, além de um grupo controle, onde administrou-se o veículo do fitoterápico. Os resultados revelaram ausência de toxicidade sistêmica, funda- mentados na ausência de alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas sangüíneas, bem como peso e análises histopatológicas dos órgãos, nos diferentes grupos. Concluiu-se que a utilização do fitoterápico nas doses e períodos referidos pode ser considerada segura. The phytotherapic Xarope de Agrião Composto Cibecol ® is an association of extracts of Roripa nasturtium Rusby, Musa spp., Linné, Tagetes minuta Linné and honey. The safety of the phytotherapic was evaluated through studies of acute and sub-chronic toxicity, being based in the resolution No 90, March 16 th , 2004 from ANVISA. For the test of acute toxicity Wistar rats of both sexes were treated orally with a single dose of 26 ml/kg, which corresponds to 20 times the therapeutic dose indicated by the producer for adult humans. The results revealed that there are no signals of systemic toxicity, no interference in the deve- lopment of weight gain in the animals, in water and feed consume, in the production of urine and feces, neither macroscopic alterations in the animals’ organs. It was also evaluated the exposition to repeated doses of the phytotherapic (sub-chronic toxi- city). Four experimental groups (10 animals/sex/dose) were orally treated during 30 days with daily doses of 1,3 ml/kg, 6,5 ml/kg and 13 ml/kg, respectively the therapeutic dose indicated to humans, 5 times, and 10 times the therapeutic dose, and a control group, receiving the phytotherapic vehicle. The results revealed the absence of systemic toxicity, based in the absence of hemato- logical and blood biochemical alterations, as well as weigh and histopatological analysis of organs, in the different groups. It was concluded that the utilization of the referred phytotherapic in the mentioned doses and periods might be considered secure.

Pygeum africanum é uma planta usada como fitoterápico no tratamento de distúrbios da micção provocados por hiperplasia prostática benigna, principalmente em seres humanos e cães. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a toxicidade reprodutiva do extrato da casca de P. africanum, administrado em ratos Wistar. Os machos foram tratados por 91 dias e as fêmeas por 77 dias, no período pré-acasalamento, gestação e lactação, com sonda orogástrica, nas dosagens de 1,5 mg/kg, 4,5 mg/kg e 15 mg/kg. O grupo controle (C) recebeu salina em volume idêntico aos demais grupos (10 mL/kg). Não foram observadas alterações nos animais tratados com qualquer das três dosagens de P. africanum em comparação com os do grupo controle, quanto ao desenvolvimento ponderal, consumo de água e ração. Não foram detectadas alterações morfológicas nos órgãos internos, cuja massa relativa não diferiu do controle. A avaliação do líquido seminal do ducto deferente e dos testículos não mostrou diferenças na morfologia espermática e na contagem de células espermáticas, comparando o grupo controle com qualquer das dosagens de P. africanum. Não houve interferência sobre a gestação, com as ratas parindo filhotes em número e massa corporal normal. Os índices reprodutivos e de desenvolvimento pós-natal não apresentaram alterações significativas com qualquer das dosagens de P. africanum em relação ao grupo controle. Os filhotes de animais tratados com o P. africanum apresentaram desenvolvimento pós-natal semelhante aos filhotes do grupo controle, com aparecimento de características de desenvolvimento sexual dentro do período previsto para a espécie. Os resultados permitem concluir que a administração do P. africanum, em dosagens até 10 vezes a usada com finalidade terapêutica, não interfere negativamente na reprodução de ratos. O fitoterápico pode ser considerado atóxico sobre a reprodução de ratos. Pygeum africanum as a phytotherapic agent is used to treat human and canine mictoric disturbances observed in benign prostate hypertrophy. In these study we investigated the potential reproductive toxicity of a Pygeum africanum bark extract in Wistar rats. The so called Segment I of FDA was performed and the mature male rats were orally treated over a period of 91 days, while the female rats were treated during the pre-mating, mating, pregnancy and lactation periods (77 days). The animals received daily per os 1.5 mg/kg, 4.5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg of the extract. A control group received saline in the same volume (10 mL/kg). The daily evaluation of body weight, water and food consumption did not show any difference between the Pygeum africanum groups and the control. No morphological alteration on visceral organ was observed, and the relative weight was similar to the control. The seminal fluid evaluation didn’t show differences between Pygeum africanum groups and control in spermatic count and morphology. The pregnancy was not affected and the dams gave birth to normal litters. The reproductive and post-natal index didn’t show significant differences between groups. The general and sexual development of the Pygeum africanum offspring was normal, considering the specie. It is concluded that the administration of Pygeum africanum up to 10 times the proposed therapeutic dose did not affect rat reproduction. The phytotherapic can be considered non toxic in rat reproduction.

Editado pela primeira vez em 1974, No antigamente, na vida é na realidade um tríptico, do qual escolhemos a "tábua" central para objeto de nossa reflexão – "Estória d'água gorda" – que se encontra entre "Lá, em Tetembuatubia" e"Memória narrativa ao sol de Kinaxixi". Antes de propormos uma entre as várias possíveis leituras do texto, achamos válido fazer algumas considerações de ordem geral, com vistas a explicitar o caminho seguido pela nossa reflexão e precisar o sentido de alguns conceitos que a nortearam.