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3,020 results on '"El-Sayed"'

14. Abdominal Cocoon Syndrome in a Liver Transplant Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Author

Remy Mckey, Rim Charara, Mohamad Hussein El Sayed, and Abbas Bahr

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Introduction: Cocoon syndrome is an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction caused by the formation of a fibrous band around small intestines, thought to be caused by chronic peritoneal inflammation and associated with several conditions such as liver cirrhosis and liver transplantation. Case Report: We present a case of a 72-year-old male patient who had liver transplantation three years ago for liver cirrhosis. He had an acute presentation of intestinal obstruction where a computed tomography (CT) scan showed dilated bowel loops and signs of intestinal ischemia, which warranted surgical laparotomy where the diagnosis of cocoon syndrome (sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis) was made and was then treated by adhesiolysis. No immediate or postoperative complications were documented and his life was back to normal. Conclusion: Therefore, an abdominal cocoon is a challenging diagnosis and should be considered in front of intestinal obstruction, especially in those with risk factors such as liver transplantation.

Published
2023

25. Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilizations and Per-sowing Seeds Magnetic field Combined with Mineral Nitrogen Fertilizer on Some Soil Properties and Faba Bean Productivity and Quality under Saline Soil Conditions

Author

Khaled A. H. Shaban, Mohamed I. Mohaseb, Gihan H. Kamel, and Hala A. M. El-Sayed

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Two filed experiments were conducted at Sahl-El-Hussinia, agricultural research station, El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, 31o - 8' – 12.461" N and 31o - 52' – 15.469 E. during two successive winter seasons 2020/2021 and 2021/ 2022 , to study the evaluation of used bio-fertilizer (Rhizobium radiobacter sp strain (Salt Tolerant PGPR), humate potassium and pre-sowing seeds faba bean magnetic field different times (5, 10 and 15 min) combined with mineral N fertilizer at rates (15, 30 and 45 N kg/fed) on some soil properties and faba bean productivity and quality. The studied treatments were arranged within the experimental units in a split split plot design in three replicates. Results indicated that the all treatments had improved soil properties i.e. decreased soil salinity and soil pH and increase of available N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn contents in soil. The soil treated with humat potassium combined the highest N mineral fertilizers rate and magnetic field time than other treatments. On the other hand, the maximum values of weight of yield and other yield components as affected with humat potassium combined with 45 kg mineral N fertilizers under magnetic field at 15 min compared other treatments. The highest values of macro-micronutrients (N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn) concentrations in faba bean seeds as affected with bio-fertilizer and potassium humate combined with mineral N fertilizer different rates compared with control. The bio-fertilizer was beast on faba bean quality.

Published
2023

26. Hypoxia-induced autophagy in triple negative breast cancer: association with prognostic variables, patients’ survival and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Author

Dina M. El-Guindy, Fatma MKh Ibrahim, Dina A. Ali, Hemat El-Sayed El-Horany, Nesreen M. Sabry, Rasha A. Elkholy, Wael Mansour, and Duaa S. Helal

Subjects
Cell Biology, General Medicine, Molecular Biology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Abstract

Autophagy is a cellular response to diverse stresses within tumor microenvironment (TME) such as hypoxia. It enhances cell survival and triggers resistance to therapy. This study investigated the prognostic importance of HIF-1α and miR-210 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Also, we studied the relation between beclin-1 and Bcl-2 and their prognostic relevance in triple negative breast cancer. Furthermore, the involvement of hypoxia-related markers, beclin-1 and Bcl-2 in mediating resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in TNBC was evaluated. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate HIF-1α, beclin-1 and Bcl-2 expression whereas, miR-210 mRNA was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (q-PCR) in 60 TNBC patients. High HIF-1α expression was related to larger tumors, grade III cases, positive lymphovascular invasion, advanced stage, high Ki-67 and poor overall survival (OS). High miR-210 and negative Bcl-2 expression were related to nodal metastasis, advanced stage and poor OS. High beclin-1 was associated with grade III, nodal metastasis, advanced stage and poor OS. Also, high beclin-1 and negative Bcl-2 were significantly associated with high HIF-1α and high miR-210. High HIF- 1α, miR-210 and beclin-1 as well as negative Bcl-2 were inversely related to pathologic complete response following NACT. High beclin-1 and lack of Bcl-2 are significantly related to hypoxic TME in TNBC. High HIF-1α, miR-210, and beclin-1 expression together with lack of Bcl-2 are significantly associated with poor prognosis as well as poor response to NACT. HIF-1α and miR-210 could accurately predict response to NACT in TNBC.

Published
2023

33. Evaluation of Autologous Plasma Gel in Tear Trough Deformity

Author

Shimaa Waheed Elmahdi, Engi Seif El-Eslam Shaker, Wael Hussein Mahmoud, and Tarek El-Sayed Amin

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Background: Plasma gel is a gelatinous substance made of proteins that have been gelled together and includes fibrin, which gives the formula more firmness and resistance than regular platelet-rich plasma. The aim of this work was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of autologous plasma gel injection in treatment of tear trough deformity. Methods: This study was carried out on 10 female patients presented with tear trough deformity without prior cosmetic therapy or performed any facial surgery. Female patients were received two sessions of autologous plasma gel injection at 2- week interval. Results: There was statistically significant improvement (decrease) in Tear Trough Rating Scale after intervention compared to before intervention (P=0.004). Regarding patient satisfaction after treatment, all patients showed various degree of satisfaction as follows: there was any patient very satisfied, 2 patients (20%) satisfied, 4 patients (40%) neutral, 3 patients (30%) dissatisfied, and 1 patient (10%) very dissatisfied. Conclusions: The present study showed that plasma gel was safe and effective in the treatment of Tear Trough Deformity. Plasma gel give significantly better outcome as regard global improvement, complications and patient satisfaction.

Published
2023

36. Level of 14-3-3 (Eta) Protein in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Author

Salwa El Morsy El Sayed, Mervat Abd El Sattar El Sergany, Amira Yousef Ahmed, and Shimaa Abdelnaser Awad

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that affects synovial membrane 14-3-3η (eta) is a novel protein marker showing potential in predicting radiographic deterioration in early and established RA. The goal of this work was to estimate serum level of 14-3-3 (eta) protein in early and established RA cases and its association with disease activity. Methods: This study was carried out on 50 RA cases and 25 apparently healthy volunteers. The RA cases were classified into group A: 25 cases with early RA (diagnosed within the first three years from the onset of the disease), group B: twenty-five cases with established RA (diagnosed for more than three years of the disease) and group (C) control group: 25 apparently healthy volunteers. All cases were subjected to measurements of. erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) -1st hr -2nd hr, anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibody (Anti-CCP), and of 14-3-3 eta protein and its association with disease activity. Radiological assessment by sharp/van der hedje scored (SHS), pain was estimated by visual analogue scale (VAS) and disease activity by DAS 28. Results: There is positive association between serum 14-3-3 eta ptn level and all the clinical data (DAS 28, MHAQ, number of tender joints, number of swollen joints and VAS) in both groups (A and B). There is positive association between 14-3-3η ptn and the radiological score in group (A and B). Conclusions: 14-3-3 eta protein is higher in RA cases' serum than that of healthy controls. Adding this test to either RF or both RF and ACPA improved their diagnostic capability for RA. Predicting radiographic deterioration in early and established RA shows promise. Up - regulation of 14-3-3 proteins are linked to adverse consequences. in RA cases.

Published
2023

37. Ocular Surface Alterations Related to Cataract Surgery

Author

Mohamed Abdlfattah Shaheen, Rabab Mohamed Elsoht, El-Sayed Abbas Nassar, and Alyaa Ismail Mohamed

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Background: Dry eye syndrome is a multifactorial disease of pre-corneal tear film that results in ocular discomfort, visual disturbance and tear film instability, with potential damage to the ocular surface. The aim of the work was to evaluate the ocular surface alterations related to cataract surgery either phacoemulsification or extracapsular cataract extraction surgeries. Methods: This prospective observational study included 60 patients with cataract. Patients were divided into 2 equal groups: Group1 included patients who had scheduled for phacoemulsification. Group 2 included patients who had scheduled for extracapsular cataract extraction surgery. All patients were subjected to full history taking, complete ophthalmic evaluation, OSDI score test, Schirmer tests, invasive break up time tests (IBUT), and non- invasive break up time tests (NIBUT). Results: Postoperative BCVA test in both groups was significantly better compared to preoperative tests after 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months while postoperative Schirmer test, IBUTT test, non IBUTT test, and OSDI test were significantly worse compared to preoperative in both groups after 1 week, 1month and 3 months (P value = 0.05). Conclusions: Patients who had scheduled for phacoemulsification showed a significantly better BCVA test, OSDI test, Schirmer test, IBUTT test, and non IBUTT test after 1 week, 1month and 3 months compared to extracapsular cataract extraction group.

Published
2023

39. Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions as a Serious Complication of Covid 19 Infection

Author

Sanaa Ahmed Mohamed, Marwa Byomy, Eman El Sayed Mohamed El Sayed, Mostafa Osman Hussein, Marwa M. Abdulrehim, and Ahmed Gomaa Elmahdy

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) has an incidence of 0.5–1.2%. COVID-19 is associated with both venous and arterial thromboembolisms due to excessive inflammation, hypoxia, immobilization, and diffuse intravascular coagulation. AIM: The present study aims to describe our experience with BRVO in Egyptian COVID-19 patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The present retrospective study included 17 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-proven COVID-19 patients with BRVO. Data obtained from the studied patients included detailed history taking. In addition, patients were diagnosed with BRVO based on a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation, including logMAR Best-corrected visual acuity assessment, slit-lamp bio-microscopy, fundoscopy, fundus fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography macular assessment. RESULTS: The present study included 17 PCR-proven COVID-19 patients with BRVO. They comprised 9 males (52.9%) and 8 females (47.1%) with an age of 52.8 ± 13.3 years. Fundus examination revealed BRVO as superior temporal in 9 patients (52.9%), inferior temporal in 5 patients (29.4%), superior nasal in 2 patients (11.8%), and inferior nasal in 1 patient (5.9%). The reported retinal thickness was 355.7 ± 41.7 μm. In addition, fundus fluorescein angiography identified ischemic changes in 2 patients (11.8%). CONCLUSION: BRVO is a rare severe complication of COVID-19 infection. In patients with proven or suspected infection with a diminution of vision, there should be high suspicion of BRVO and prompt full-scale ophthalmological examination to exclude the condition.

Published
2022

45. Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

Author

Angela E Micah, Kayleigh Bhangdia, Ian E Cogswell, Dylan Lasher, Brendan Lidral-Porter, Emilie R Maddison, Trang Nhu Ngoc Nguyen, Nishali Patel, Paola Pedroza, Juan Solorio, Hayley Stutzman, Golsum Tsakalos, Yifeng Wang, Wesley Warriner, Yingxi Zhao, Bianca S Zlavog, Cristiana Abbafati, Jaffar Abbas, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Michael Abdelmasseh, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Aidin Abedi, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, E S Abhilash, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Michael R M Abrigo, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Mohammed Hussien Adem, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Ali Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Budi Aji, Hossein Akbarialiabad, Yibeltal Akelew, Hanadi Al Hamad, Khurshid Alam, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Sami Almustanyir, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Azmeraw T Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Mostafa Amini-Rarani, Hubert Amu, Robert Ancuceanu, Tudorel Andrei, Sumadi Lukman Anwar, Francis Appiah, Muhammad Aqeel, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Aleksandr Y Aravkin, Olatunde Aremu, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Samad Azari, Atif Amin Baig, Abere Tilahun Bantie, Amadou Barrow, Pritish Baskaran, Sanjay Basu, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha, Bernhard T Baune, Zombor Berezvai, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Micheal Kofi Boachie, Virginia Bodolica, João Silva Botelho Botelho, Dejana Braithwaite, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Reinhard Busse, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Ferrán Catalá-López, Collins Chansa, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Simiao Chen, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Omid Dadras, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Abdollah Dargahi, Sisay Abebe Debela, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Belay Desye, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Nancy Diao, Linh Phuong Doan, Milad Dodangeh, Wendel Mombaque dos Santos, Leila Doshmangir, John Dube, Ebrahim Eini, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Daniel Berhanie Enyew, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Mohamad Ezati Asar, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Emerito Jose A Faraon, Ali Fatehizadeh, Hamed Fattahi, Ginenus Fekadu, Florian Fischer, Nataliya A Foigt, Kayode Raphael Fowobaje, Alberto Freitas, Takeshi Fukumoto, Nancy Fullman, Peter Andras Gaal, Amiran Gamkrelidze, M A Garcia-Gordillo, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Urge Gerema, Mansour Ghafourifard, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Reza Ghanbari, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Mahaveer Golechha, Davide Golinelli, Yitayal Ayalew Goshu, Girma Garedew Goyomsa, Avirup Guha, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Bhawna Gupta, Samer Hamidi, Harapan Harapan, Reza Hashempour, Khezar Hayat, Golnaz Heidari, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Claudiu Herteliu, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni Hlongwa, Ramesh Holla, Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Sorin Hostiuc, Salman Hussain, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Mustapha Immurana, Arnaud Iradukunda, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Gaetano Isola, Linda Merin J, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Mahsa Jalili, Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia, Tahereh Javaheri, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Digisie Mequanint Jemere, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Billingsley Kaambwa, Vidya Kadashetti, Rajendra Kadel, Dler Hussein Kadir, Laleh R Kalankesh, Rajesh Kamath, Himal Kandel, Rami S Kantar, Shama D Karanth, Ibraheem M Karaye, Salah Eddin Karimi, Bekalu Getnet Kassa, Gbenga A Kayode, Leila Keikavoosi-Arani, Vikash Ranjan Keshri, Cumali Keskin, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Himanshu Khajuria, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Zemene Demelash Kifle, Hanna Kim, Jihee Kim, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Stefan Kohler, Farzad Kompani, Soewarta Kosen, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Dian Kusuma, Judit Lám, Demetris Lamnisos, Anders O Larsson, Sang-woong Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Jacopo Lenzi, Lee-Ling Lim, László Lorenzovici, Rafael Lozano, Vanessa Sintra Machado Machado, Farzan Madadizadeh, Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Razzagh Mahmoudi, Azeem Majeed, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Ana Laura Manda, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Carlos Alberto Marrugo Arnedo, Miquel Martorell, Ali Masoud, Elezebeth Mathews, Richard James Maude, Enkeleint A Mechili, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, José João João Mendes Mendes, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Mohamed Kamal Mesregah, Tomislav Mestrovic, Andreea Mirica, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Mizan Kiros Mirutse, Moonis Mirza, Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Awoke Misganaw, Marcello Moccia, Javad Moghadasi, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Marita Mohammadshahi, Shafiu Mohammed, Mohammad Mohseni, Ali H Mokdad, Lorenzo Monasta, Elias Mossialos, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Haleh Mousavi Isfahani, Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa, Shruti Murthy, Saravanan Muthupandian, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Kovin S Naidoo, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Vinay Nangia, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Rawlance Ndejjo, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Nafise Noroozi, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Khan M Nuruzzaman, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Bogdan Oancea, Felix Chukwudi Abrahams Obi, Abiola Ogunkoya, In-Hwan Oh, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Andrew T Olagunju, Tinuke O Olagunju, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Ahmed Omar Bali, Obinna E Onwujekwe, John Nelson Opio, Adrian Otoiu, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Mayowa O Owolabi, Tamás Palicz, Raffaele Palladino, Adrian Pana, Tarang Parekh, Deepak Kumar Pasupula, Jay Patel, George C Patton, Uttam Paudel, Mihaela Paun, Shrikant Pawar, Simone Perna, Navaraj Perumalsamy, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Mohsen Poursadeqiyan, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Sergio I Prada, Sima Rafiei, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Fakher Rahim, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Temam Beshir Raru, Sina Rashedi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Ramin Ravangard, Salman Rawaf, Reza Rawassizadeh, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Robert C Reiner, Andre M N Renzaho, Maryam Rezaei, Nazila Rezaei, Mavra A Riaz, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Aly M A Saad, Basema Saddik, Saeid Sadeghian, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Umar Saeed, Maitreyi Sahu, Morteza Saki, Payman Salamati, Hedayat Salari, Sana Salehi, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Francesco Sanmarchi, João Vasco Santos, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Yaser Sarikhani, Brijesh Sathian, Maheswar Satpathy, Miloje Savic, Yaser Sayadi, Falk Schwendicke, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson Serván-Mori, Naomi Setshegetso, Allen Seylani, Saeed Shahabi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Murad Ziyaudinovich Shakhmardanov, Mohd Shanawaz, Mequannent Melaku Sharew Sharew, Nigussie Tadesse Sharew, Rajesh Sharma, Maryam Shayan, Aziz Sheikh, Suchitra M Shenoy, Adithi Shetty, Pavanchand H Shetty, K M Shivakumar, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Wudneh Simegn, Jasvinder A Singh, Kuldeep Singh, Natia Skhvitaridze, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Bogdan Socea, Yonatan Solomon, Suhang Song, Simona Cătălina Ștefan, Muhammad Suleman, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Nathan Y Tat, Vivian Y Tat, Belay Negash Tefera, Ales Tichopad, Ruoyan Tobe-Gai, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Lorainne Tudor Car, Derara Girma Tufa, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Milena Vasic, Dominique Vervoort, Vasily Vlassov, Bay Vo, Linh Gia Vu, Yasir Waheed, Richard G Wamai, Cong Wang, Gizachew Tadesse Wassie, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Sanni Yaya, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yiğit, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Chuanhua Yu, Ismaeel Yunusa, Leila Zaki, Burhan Abdullah Zaman, Alireza Zangeneh, Ali Zare Dehnavi, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Wu Zeng, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Liesl J Zuhlke, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Simon I Hay, Christopher J L Murray, Joseph L Dieleman, Micah, Angela E, Bhangdia, Kayleigh, Cogswell, Ian E, Lasher, Dylan, Lidral-Porter, Brendan, Maddison, Emilie R, Nguyen, Trang Nhu Ngoc, Patel, Nishali, Pedroza, Paola, Solorio, Juan, Stutzman, Hayley, Tsakalos, Golsum, Wang, Yifeng, Warriner, Wesley, Zhao, Yingxi, Zlavog, Bianca S, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Jaffar, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Abedi, Aidin, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abhilash, E S, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abubaker Ali, Hiwa, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Adem, Mohammed Hussien, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Aji, Budi, Akbarialiabad, Hossein, Akelew, Yibeltal, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alam, Khurshid, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almustanyir, Sami, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Amu, Hubert, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrei, Tudorel, Anwar, Sumadi Lukman, Appiah, Franci, Aqeel, Muhammad, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Aremu, Olatunde, Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azari, Samad, Baig, Atif Amin, Bantie, Abere Tilahun, Barrow, Amadou, Baskaran, Pritish, Basu, Sanjay, Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad, Baune, Bernhard T, Berezvai, Zombor, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhaskar, Sonu, Boachie, Micheal Kofi, Bodolica, Virginia, Botelho, João Silva Botelho, Braithwaite, Dejana, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Busse, Reinhard, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chansa, Collin, Charan, Jaykaran, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chen, Simiao, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Dadras, Omid, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargahi, Abdollah, Debela, Sisay Abebe, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Desye, Belay, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Diao, Nancy, Doan, Linh Phuong, Dodangeh, Milad, dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque, Doshmangir, Leila, Dube, John, Eini, Ebrahim, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, El Tantawi, Maha, Enyew, Daniel Berhanie, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Ezati Asar, Mohamad, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Franci, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fattahi, Hamed, Fekadu, Ginenu, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A, Fowobaje, Kayode Raphael, Freitas, Alberto, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fullman, Nancy, Gaal, Peter Andra, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Garcia-Gordillo, M A, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin, Gerema, Urge, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghanbari, Reza, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholamrezanezhad, Ali, Golechha, Mahaveer, Golinelli, Davide, Goshu, Yitayal Ayalew, Goyomsa, Girma Garedew, Guha, Avirup, Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga, Gupta, Bhawna, Hamidi, Samer, Harapan, Harapan, Hashempour, Reza, Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba, Hezam, Kamal, Hiraike, Yuta, Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni, Holla, Ramesh, Hoque, Mohammad Enamul, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hussain, Salman, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Immurana, Mustapha, Iradukunda, Arnaud, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Isola, Gaetano, J, Linda Merin, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalili, Mahsa, Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar, Javaheri, Tahereh, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jemere, Digisie Mequanint, Joo, Tama, Joseph, Nitin, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kaambwa, Billingsley, Kadashetti, Vidya, Kadel, Rajendra, Kadir, Dler Hussein, Kalankesh, Laleh R, Kamath, Rajesh, Kandel, Himal, Kantar, Rami S, Karanth, Shama D, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Kassa, Bekalu Getnet, Kayode, Gbenga A, Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila, Keshri, Vikash Ranjan, Keskin, Cumali, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza, Kifle, Zemene Demelash, Kim, Hanna, Kim, Jihee, Kim, Min Seo, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Adnan, Kohler, Stefan, Kompani, Farzad, Kosen, Soewarta, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Kusuma, Dian, Lám, Judit, Lamnisos, Demetri, Larsson, Anders O, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Yo Han, Lenzi, Jacopo, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lorenzovici, László, Lozano, Rafael, Machado, Vanessa Sintra Machado, Madadizadeh, Farzan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Mahmoudi, Razzagh, Majeed, Azeem, Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza, Manda, Ana Laura, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Marrugo Arnedo, Carlos Alberto, Martorell, Miquel, Masoud, Ali, Mathews, Elezebeth, Maude, Richard Jame, Mechili, Enkeleint A, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Mendes, José João João Mende, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mesregah, Mohamed Kamal, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirutse, Mizan Kiro, Mirza, Mooni, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad, Misganaw, Awoke, Moccia, Marcello, Moghadasi, Javad, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Mokhtar, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadshahi, Marita, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohseni, Mohammad, Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mossialos, Elia, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mousavi Isfahani, Haleh, Mpundu-Kaambwa, Christine, Murthy, Shruti, Muthupandian, 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Maryam, Sheikh, Aziz, Shenoy, Suchitra M, Shetty, Adithi, Shetty, Pavanchand H, Shivakumar, K M, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigue, Simegn, Wudneh, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Kuldeep, Skhvitaridze, Natia, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Socea, Bogdan, Solomon, Yonatan, Song, Suhang, Ștefan, Simona Cătălina, Suleman, Muhammad, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tat, Nathan Y, Tat, Vivian Y, Tefera, Belay Negash, Tichopad, Ale, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tufa, Derara Girma, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasic, Milena, Vervoort, Dominique, Vlassov, Vasily, Vo, Bay, Vu, Linh Gia, Waheed, Yasir, Wamai, Richard G, Wang, Cong, Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Yaya, Sanni, Yigit, Arzu, Yiğit, Vahit, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Yunusa, Ismaeel, Zaki, Leila, Zaman, Burhan Abdullah, Zangeneh, Alireza, Zare Dehnavi, Ali, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zeng, Wu, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zuhlke, 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Baune, B, Berezvai, Z, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Boachie, M, Bodolica, V, Botelho, J, Braithwaite, D, Breitborde, N, Busse, R, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Catala-Lopez, F, Chansa, C, Charan, J, Chattu, V, Chen, S, Chukwu, I, Dadras, O, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargahi, A, Debela, S, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Desye, B, Dharmaratne, S, Diao, N, Doan, L, Dodangeh, M, dos Santos, W, Doshmangir, L, Dube, J, Eini, E, El Sayed Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Enyew, D, Eskandarieh, S, Ezati Asar, M, Fagbamigbe, A, Faraon, E, Fatehizadeh, A, Fattahi, H, Fekadu, G, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Fowobaje, K, Freitas, A, Fukumoto, T, Fullman, N, Gaal, P, Gamkrelidze, A, Garcia-Gordillo, M, Gebrehiwot, M, Gerema, U, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, S, Ghanbari, R, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Golechha, M, Golinelli, D, Goshu, Y, Goyomsa, G, Guha, A, Gunawardane, D, Gupta, B, Hamidi, S, Harapan, H, Hashempour, R, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Heredia-Pi, I, Herteliu, C, Heyi, D, Hezam, K, Hiraike, Y, Hlongwa, M, Holla, R, Hoque, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hussain, S, Ilesanmi, O, Immurana, M, Iradukunda, A, Ismail, N, Isola, G, J, L, Jakovljevic, M, Jalili, M, Janodia, M, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, S, Jemere, D, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kaambwa, B, Kadashetti, V, Kadel, R, Kadir, D, Kalankesh, L, Kamath, R, Kandel, H, Kantar, R, Karanth, S, Karaye, I, Karimi, S, Kassa, B, Kayode, G, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Keshri, V, Keskin, C, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khajuria, H, Khayat Kashani, H, Kifle, Z, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kohler, S, Kompani, F, Kosen, S, Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kusuma, D, Lam, J, Lamnisos, D, Larsson, A, Lee, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Lenzi, J, Lim, L, Lorenzovici, L, Lozano, R, Machado, V, Madadizadeh, F, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Mahmoudi, R, Majeed, A, Malekpour, M, Manda, A, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Marrugo Arnedo, C, Martorell, M, Masoud, A, Mathews, E, Maude, R, Mechili, E, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mendes, J, Meretoja, A, 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S, Yigit, A, Yigit, V, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaki, L, Zaman, B, Zangeneh, A, Zare Dehnavi, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zeng, W, Zhang, Z, Zuhlke, L, Zuniga, Y, Hay, S, Murray, C, and Dieleman, J

Subjects
coordination, communication, outbreak response, COVID-19, GBD, response plan, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, contact management, pandemic Covid 19, financing, epidemic alert, epidemiological investigation, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, international health regulation, surveillance, Global burden disease, global spending, preparedne
Abstract

Background The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic; characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic; and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9 center dot 2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9 center dot 1-9 center dot 3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7 center dot 3 trillion (95% UI 7 center dot 2-7 center dot 4) in 2019; 293 center dot 7 times the $24 center dot 8 billion (95% UI 24 center dot 3-25 center dot 3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43 center dot 1 billion in development assistance was provided to maintain or improve health. The pandemic led to an unprecedented increase in development assistance targeted towards health; in 2020 and 2021, $1 center dot 8 billion in DAH contributions was provided towards pandemic preparedness in LMICs, and $37 center dot 8 billion was provided for the health-related COVID-19 response. Although the support for pandemic preparedness is 12 center dot 2% of the recommended target by the High-Level Independent Panel (HLIP), the support provided for the health -related COVID-19 response is 252 center dot 2% of the recommended target. Additionally, projected spending estimates suggest that between 2022 and 2026, governments in 17 (95% UI 11-21) of the 137 LMICs will observe an increase in national government health spending equivalent to an addition of 1% of GDP, as recommended by the HLIP. Interpretation There was an unprecedented scale-up in DAH in 2020 and 2021. We have a unique opportunity at this time to sustain funding for crucial global health functions, including pandemic preparedness. However, historical patterns of underfunding of pandemic preparedness suggest that deliberate effort must be made to ensure funding is maintained. For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00007-4

Published
2023

47. Zirconium Metal–Organic Cages: Synthesis and Applications

Author

El-Sayed M. El-Sayed, Yi Di Yuan, Dan Zhao, and Daqiang Yuan

Subjects
General Medicine, General Chemistry
Abstract

ConspectusFor the last two decades, materials scientists have contributed to a growing library of porous crystalline materials. These synthetic materials are typically extended networks, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), or discrete materials like metal-organic cages (MOCs) and porous organic cages (POCs). Advanced porous materials have shown promise for various applications due to their modular nature and structural tunability. MOCs have recently garnered attention because of their molecularity that bestows them with many unique possibilities (e.g., solution-processability, structural diversity, and postsynthetic processability).MOCs are discrete molecular assemblies of organic ligands coordinated with either metal cations or metal oxide clusters of different nuclearities, resulting in architectures with inherent porosity. Notably, the molecular nature of MOCs endows them with easy solution-processability unattainable with traditional framework materials. To date, a number of stable MOCs have been reported, such as those based on Rh (Rh-O bond energy: 405 ± 42 kJ/mol), Fe (Fe-O bond energy: 407.0 ± 1.0 kJ/mol), Cr (Cr-O bond energy: 461 ± 8.7 kJ/mol), Ti (Ti-O bond energy: 666.5 ± 5.6 kJ/mol), and Zr (Zr-O bond energy: 766.1 ± 10.6 kJ/mol). Paddle-wheel MOCs have also shown great stability in aqueous environments due to their rigid backbones. The zirconium MOC (Zr-MOCs) family emerges as a class of very robust cages for which their high bond energy endows them with high hydrothermal stability.In 2013, we reported the first four zirconocene tetrahedrons assembled from trinuclear zirconium oxide clusters with ditopic or tritopic organic ligands. Since then, significant progress in the rational design of Zr-MOC has led to an assortment of structures dedicated to meaningful applications.In this Account, we highlight the recent progress in synthesizing Zr-MOCs and Zr-MOC-based higher dimensional frameworks and their applications dedicated in our laboratories and beyond. The general Zr-MOC synthetic strategy involves assembling Zr trinuclear clusters with organic ligands (rigid or flexible) containing various functional groups. This chemistry has afforded cages with structural versatility and active sites, e.g., amino groups, for postsynthetic modifications (PSMs). Since the extrinsic porosity of cage-based frameworks is relatively weak, the resulting frameworks are susceptible to structural rearrangement after solvent removal. To circumvent this limitation, increasing the hydrogen bond ratio and strength between interlinked cages and conducting in situ catalytic polymerizations have been reported to afford permanently porous structures amenable to host-guest reactions.To expand their potential applications, multifunctional Zr-MOCs are highly desired. Such multivariate MOCs can be attained by either employing the isoreticular expansion strategy to create MOCs with high surface areas or using mixed-ligand approaches to afford heterogeneous MOCs. In addition, amorphous MOCs, flexible organic ligands, new functionalities, and MOC-based extended networks are exciting new approaches to developing materials with structural versatility and enhanced characteristics. Thereby, we believe the stability and versatility of the Zr-MOC family hold great potential in expanding and addressing challenging applications.

Published
2022

50. Magnesium Chloride Crystals with Studying Mechanism and Leaching Kinetics of Serpentinite Ore by Hydrochloric Acid

Author

D. El-Sayed, A. K. Ismail, and F. I. El-Hosiny

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Magnesium chloride hexahydrate crystal (MgCl2.6H2O) is an intermediate product used to obtain Mg metal from its ores. This work aims to produce purified MgCl2.6H2O crystals from natural Egyptian serpentine. Serpentine samples were collected from the Eastern Desert in Egypt and prepared for leaching with HCl solutions. Reaction temperature (°C), leaching time (h), solid/liquid ratio (g/mL), and acid concentration (M) were studied. The optimum leaching conditions achieved 97.6% MgO recovery optimized at particle size less than 75 µm (100%), 95 °C of the reaction temperature for three hours with solid-to-liquid ratio 1:5, and 5 M of HCl concentration. The serpentine dissolution kinetics were studied depending on the solid–liquid reaction and activation energy model. The resultant liquor was purified and crystallized. The kinetic studies indicated that product layer diffusion is the most likely rate-controlling step for serpentinite dissolution in the HCl solution.

Published
2023

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