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This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with anthocyanin extracted from black rice bran (AR) on the growth rate, immunological response, and expression of immune and antioxidant genes in Nile tilapia raised in an indoor biofloc system. A total of 300 Nile tilapia fingerlings (15.14 ± 0.032 g) were maintained in 150 L tanks and acclimatized for two weeks. Five experimental AR diets (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 g kg

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rambutan peel powder (RP) on growth, skin mucosal and serum immunities, and immune-related gene expression of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) reared in a biofloc system. Three hundred fingerlings (17.14 ± 0.12 g fish

This study evaluates the effects of longan seed powder (LS) on the growth performance, immunological response, and immune-antioxidant related gene expression of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three hundred fish (13.82 ± 0.06 g) were divided into five experiments and fed 5 diets, including the basal diet (control without LS) and basal diet containing 10 (LS10), 20 (LS20), 40 (LS40), and 80 (LS80) g kg

An eight-week feeding trial was carried out to determine the effects of rambutan seed (RS) as a feed additive on the growth, skin mucus, serum immune parameters, and gene expression of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised under a biofloc system. Nile tilapia fingerlings (14.77 ± 0.80 g fish

This study aimed to investigate the effects of mango peel powder (MGPP) on growth, innate immunity, and immune-antioxidant related gene expression of Nile tilapia reared under biofloc system. Three hundred Nile tilapia (average weight 14.78 ± 0.05 g) were distributed into 15 fiber tanks (300 L per tank) assigned to five treatments in triplication. Fish were fed basal diet containing different levels MGPP as follows: 0 (MGPP0: control), 6.25 (MGPP 6.25), 12.5 (MGPP 12.25), 25 (MGPP 25), and 50 (MGPP 50) g kg

The article considers the current state of the fisheries of Vietnam in the West part of the South China Sea. It has been stated that today in Vietnam there are 82 fishing ports located in 27 coastal provinces and cities. The volume of goods daily passing through the ports makes about 1.8 million tons. The statistical data on fish farming and fishing in the period from 2005 to 2017, as well as on the export and import of fish products in the period from 2010 to 2015 have been given. The assessment of the current state of the fishing industry in the country's economy is presented in the Vietnam Fisheries Development Strategy for the period up to 2020. The production of the main types of fish products has been analyzed. The specific features of the markets of fish processing industry targeted at both domestic consumption and export have been presented. The role of the fishing industry in the Vietnamese economy is assessed, and the advantages of the country's fish processing industry are given. It has been found that during the analyzed period (2005 - 2018) the volume of fisheries, fish farming, as well as the export of aquatic products in the country is constantly increasing. Vietnam is one of the three leading suppliers of seafood exported to 164 countries of the world. The Vietnamese fish processing industry has achieved a significant success both in producing goods for domestic consumption and in products for export. Since 2014 Vietnam has become the world's third largest exporter of seafood, in particular, of pangasius and shrimp. Conclusions are drawn about the importance and diversity of the fishing industry in Vietnam as one of the components of the national economy.

Ecdysantherin, 3β-hydroxy-20-methylpregn-5,14-dien-16-one-(18-20)-lactone, C 21 H 26 O 4 , a new pentacyclic saponine, was isolated from the powder of Ecdysanthera rosea Hook. et Arn. (Apocynaceae) of Vietnam, and its structure was elucidated. It was found that ecdysantherin is a pentacyclic saponine molecule with three six-membered and two five-membered rings. An intermolecular OH...O hydrogen bond generates infinite chains of molecules in the z direction.

Summary Objectives This paper provides a preliminary picture of diarrhea with regards to etiology, clinical symptoms, and some related epidemiologic factors in children less than five years of age living in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methods The study population included 587 children with diarrhea and 249 age-matched healthy controls. The identification of pathogens was carried out by the conventional methods in combination with ELISA, immunoseparation, and PCR. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined by MIC following the NCCLS recommendations. Results Of those with diarrhea, 40.9% were less than one year old and 71.0% were less than two years old. A potential pathogen was identified in 67.3% of children with diarrhea. They were group A rotavirus, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli , Shigella spp , and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis , with prevalences of 46.7%, 22.5%, 4.7%, and 7.3%, respectively. No Salmonella spp or Vibrio cholerae were isolated. Rotavirus and diarrheagenic E. coli were predominant in children less than two years of age, while Shigella spp , and enterotoxigenic B. fragilis were mostly seen in the older children. Diarrheagenic E. coli and Shigella spp showed high prevalence of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Children attending the hospitals had fever (43.6%), vomiting (53.8%), and dehydration (82.6%). Watery stool was predominant with a prevalence of 66.4%, followed by mucous stool (21.0%). The mean episodes of stools per day was seven, ranging from two to 23 episodes. Before attending hospitals, 162/587 (27.6%) children had been given antibiotics. Overall, more children got diarrhea in (i) poor families; (ii) families where piped water and a latrine were lacking; (iii) families where mothers washed their hands less often before feeding the children; (iv) families where mothers had a low level of education; (v) families where information on health and sanitation less often reached their households. Conclusions Group A rotavirus, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli , Shigella spp , and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis play an important role in causing diarrhea in children in Hanoi, Vietnam. Epidemiological factors such as lack of fresh water supply, unhygienic septic tank, low family income, lack of health information, and low educational level of parents could contribute to the morbidity of diarrhea in children.