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The procedure, by which the functional and physical elements of a product are arranged, is known as the product architecture. It highlights the interaction between parts of product. It is a phase where the function of a product is assigned to its physical. The role of product architecture in a product development is very vital since a comprehensive choice of the product architecture provides a good idea on how the functions are understood and how a standardization is achieved. In this regard, this paper presents the following: the product schematic, product cluster, product geometry, and fundamental and incidental product elements interactions of a grease trap design.

River pollution has been a global issue and the consequences of polluted rivers are significantly affecting human health and well-being. Meanwhile, water treatment plants (WTP) are often related to high energy cost. Nevertheless, there is an abundance of hydraulic energy stored in the flowing water, which can be converted into mechanical energy to operate the WTP. The focus of this paper is to describe an innovative method of harnessing buoyancy force to save the energy cost of commonly used motorized equipment in the conventional WTP. The benefit of this product is to create a green environment by utilizing a readily available hydraulic energy and restoring river water quality. This study has shown that a cost-saving water treatment plant operating based on buoyancy force is feasible. This product enables electricity cost to be minimized while treating river water at the same time.

River pollution has been a well-known worldwide issue and the impacts of polluted rivers are greatly affecting the health well-being of people worldwide. Meanwhile water treatment plants (WTP) have increasing energy cost. However, an abundance of hydraulic energy is stored in the flowing river water. The hydraulic energy can be harvested to be converted into mechanical energy to operate the WTP. This paper is focused on explaining an efficient and green method to harvest hydraulic energy to reduce the energy cost incurred by the usage of motorized equipment in conventional WTP. This product has dual purpose with dual benefit of restoring the quality of river water quality as well as harvesting readily available hydraulic energy to reduce energy cost.

Travel with long hours will create discomfort feeling for passenger especially express bus passenger. Long hour travel will create physiological stress on passenger. It may due to seat space limitation, noise, vibration, seat hardness as well as seat comfort. Seat comfort is a subjective feeling that related to psychological aspect of passenger. In this project, the bus passenger seat is integrated with air-based and gel-based material. In Malaysia, most of the express coaches are using polyurethane foam based cushion in the seat padding. This type of the seat padding may cause a bus passenger who sit for long journey will feel uncomfortable and fatigue. There are two main causes which lead to seating discomfort which is vibration and pressure distribution on the seat. The new design a bus passenger seat is using air-based cushion to improve the seating comfort. The air-based seat was validated by using MatLab SimuLINK software. In the model validation process, the parameters of air cell height gave effect on the pressure change rate of air cushion model. The comfortable level of the air cushion could be improved by reducing the pressure change rate and cell height.

This product is specially designed to solve the current typical river pollution by tackling the pollution at the river inlets' stage. It is equipped with all conventional water treatment technologies with innovative energy cost-saving technique using gravity and buoyancy forces. The product is functional in term of saving the environment, particularly river and its flora and fauna and in saving the energy that normally used in operating the motorized processing equipment as normally used in current product in the market. The free and readily available gravity and buoyancy forces of water are manipulated efficiently to save the energy cost.

Travel by air with long hours will create discomfort feeling for aircraft passenger especially economy class aircraft passenger. Long hour air travel will create physiological stress on aircraft passenger. It may due to seat space limitation, noise, vibration, cabin humidity as well as seat comfort. Seat comfort is a subjective feeling that related to psychological aspect of aircraft passenger. The current aircraft passenger seat is equipped with a passive function where the passenger themselves needs to adjust the seat for comfort seating position. The aircraft passenger will not able to adjust the seat when the aircraft passenger is in the low activity condition. The active seat support system was developed to support the aircraft passenger actively. The first prototype of active seat support system is focus on neck section. The head position of the aircraft seat was embedded with the system to detect the head position of the passenger. During the development of the active seat support system, total design technique was used. Five conceptual designs were generated for selection. To determine the final design of active neck support system, the matrix evaluation method was used. The weight of the concept was obtained through weight analysis.

The paper presents an integrated steering system design for bus drivers drowsy driving behaviour change. Busses involved in accidents due to drowsy driving is increasing nowadays and those accidents involved a lot of people due to the number of passengers it carries. In order to decrease the rate of accidents for bus driver due to drowsy driving, an integrated steering system that can change their driving behaviour is developed. The developed integrated steering system is then being validated through surveys conducted on drivers with valid driving licence. The survey results have shown that the integrated steering system is a feasible system to the drivers.

Current UTeMs fire fighting machine is developed to operate indoor only. It is not efficient when it is operating on rocky surfaces (outdoor) as it faces the problem of shock and vibration reduction. The track system of the machine cannot move smoothly because the rollers are fixed to the chassis. This paper describes the method of up-scaling and optimising the track system for the current fire fighting machine. The new track system concept is firstly developed by using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) software. Subsequently a prototype is built to validate the functionality of the new track system which is more efficient in absorbing the vibration and shock. Analysis and optimisation of the prototype is performed using CAD method with the CATIA V5 R16 software.

The methods in delivering engineering design have gone through evolvement where the effectiveness of conventional methods is decreasing. However, the importance of concurrent engineering design approach has tremendously increased due to the ever competitive world today. This is the reason why engineering designers are concern about the methods of delivering design and one of the recent interests is using interactive system to deliver design. In this paper, the construction of interactive system will be discussed followed by the experimental setup. Experiments will be conducted in the form of performing few selected tasks with the interactive system and comparison will be made with the conventional design approach. Comparison will be done by collecting feedback through questionnaires from the participants who are involved in the experiments. Feedback will be analysed to identify the feasibility of interactive concurrent engineering design system.

The development of new technology enables the comfort service becoming an important requirement in the air travel industry. Long haul air travel may cause different physiological and psychological discomfort of aircraft passenger. Most of the aircraft company treats the passenger comfort as a main priority for the user’s acceptance of their airline. In order to improve the aircraft passenger body comfort during long haul air travel, an adaptive body support system was developed and embedded in the economy class aircraft seat. In this paper, we describe the development of adaptive body support system.