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OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between volumetric parameters calculated using semiautomatic quantification of lesions detected in 68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen PET-computed tomography (68Ga-PSMA PET/CT) and clinical characteristics in prostate cancer (PCa) patients with biochemical recurrence. METHODS A total of 85 consecutive PCa patients with biochemical recurrence who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT at our institution from January 2019 to March 2020 were retrospectively assessed. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT-derived volumetric parameters, including whole-body PSMA tumor volume (wbPSMA-TV) and whole-body total lesion PSMA (wbTL-PSMA), as well as the established maximum and mean standardized uptake value (SUVmax and SUVmean), were calculated for each patient. All PET-derived parameters were analyzed for correlation with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and for association with Gleason scores. RESULTS Eighty-five patients with a mean age of 68.9 ± 7.8 years (range, 47-83 years) and a mean PSA level of 40.9 ± 92.1 ng/ml (range, 0.2-533.2 ng/ml) were analyzed. Volumetric parameters, that is, wbPSMA-TV and wbTL-PSMA, demonstrated a statistically significant correlation with PSA levels (r = 0.403 and r = 0.556, respectively, all at P < 0.001) and only the means of wbTL-PSMA were significantly different between the Gleason score groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of our study indicate that 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT might be a valuable tool for the detection and follow-up of recurrence in PCa patients. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT-derived quantitative volumetric parameters demonstrated a highly significant correlation with changes in PSA levels. Larger prospective studies are needed to help reveal the full potential of parameters such as PSMA-TV and TL-PSMA derived from PET imaging with 68Ga-PSMA.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of technetium- 99m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (Tc-MIBI) single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and ultrasound in preoperative localization of single parathyroid adenomas (PTAs) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) who would be suitable for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP). Methods A retrospective study of 143 consecutive patients with biochemical evidence of hyperparathyroidism who underwent preoperative localization of parathyroid lesions using Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT and ultrasound, and proceeded to parathyroid surgery at our institution from January 2013 to January 2018. Of these, 125 had single adenomas and are the subject of this study. The sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and accuracy of the two imaging techniques for the accurately identification and lateralization of PTAs were determined using histopathology as the criterion standard. Results Of 125 PTAs, the correct identification and lateralization were significantly higher by SPECT/CT than ultrasound. SPECT/CT and ultrasound detected lesions with histopathologically proven PTAs in 116 and 95 patients, respectively. The sensitivity, PPV and accuracy were 92.17, 94.64 and 87.60%, respectively, for SPECT/CT and 75.89, 90.43 and 70.25%, respectively, for ultrasound in lateralization analysis. Conclusions The results of our study indicate that Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT is more accurate than ultrasound for the preoperative identification of single PTAs in patients with pHPT who are candidates for MIP.

Effects of sleep deprivation (SD), nicotine, and selenium (Se) on wound healing were studied in 50 male rats (Sprague-Dawley strain). Full-skin-thickness burns were produced in animals. Then, SD, nicotine, and Se administrations were applied to animals in different groups. Wound healing was assessed by pathological analysis of wound by counting fibroblasts, capillary vessels, polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PNLs), and by measuring radiolabeled immunoglobulin G (IgG) amount in wound area by radio-pharmaceutical and immunoscintigraphic procedures. The number of fibroblasts and capillary vessels were higher in control and Se groups than in sleep deprivation and nicotine groups, and the number of PNLs and the radiolabeled polyvalent IgG levels were higher in SD and nicotine groups than in control and Se groups. The results suggest that SD and nicotine may delay wound healing and that Se supplementation may accelerate wound healing by preventing nicotine-induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.

Background/aim: Accurate measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the evaluation of renal functions in potential kidney donors is associated with important outcomes for both the donor and recipient. We intended to determine the efficacy of various methods while estimating GFR in potential living kidney donors. Materials and methods: Fifty-three potential kidney donors (31 females, 22 males; mean age: 50.1 years) were included in this study. GFR was estimated simultaneously using the following methods: Gates? method, Cockcroft?Gault (CG) and modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) prediction equations, and the two-plasma sample (TPS) technique. Using TPS as the reference method, the estimations of GFR with the other methods were compared with that of TPS. Results: The mean ± SD GFR was 86.43 ± 11.37 mL min?1 1.73 m?2 with TPS. GFR values calculated using Gates? method and MDRD 1, MDRD 2, reexpressed MDRD, and CG prediction equations were 105.25 ± 16.12 mL min?1 1.73 m?2, 114.63 ± 32.51 mL min?1 1.73 m?2, 113.2 ± 35.23 mL min?1 1.73 m?2, 104.23 ± 23.12 mL min?1 1.73 m?2, and 99.35 ± 20.01 mL min?1 1.73 m?2, respectively. While there was a strong statistically significant correlation between the TPS and Gates' methods, moderate correlation was found between TPS and the MDRD 1, MDRD 2, and reexpressed MDRD prediction equations. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the performance of Gates' method in total GFR estimation was better than the prediction equations in potential kidney donors.

WOS:000329790100028 PubMed: 25536747 Aim: To evaluate the role of 99m-technetium methylene diphosphonate (Tc-99m MDP) bone scintigraphy on the detection of joint damage in asymptomatic alpine ski racers. Materials and methods: This study included 20 male asymptomatic alpine ski racers (age range: 18-21 years). None of the skiers had a history of ski crashes. Bone scan findings of the racers were examined with Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy during the active racing season and the inactive training season. Planar anterior and posterior images of hip, knee, and ankle joints were obtained 4 h after intravenous injection of 20 mCi Tc-99m MDP. All images were interpreted visually by 2 experienced nuclear medicine physicians. Free regions of interest were drawn on hip, knee, and ankle joints, as well as background regions. Joint-to-background ratios were calculated for each joint, and the uptake ratios of both right and left joints during active ski season were compared to those during the inactive training period. Results: Uptake ratios of the right and left hip, knee, and ankle joints were significantly higher during the active racing period than those calculated during the inactive period (P < 0.005). Conclusion: Bone scintigraphy may have an important role in detecting joint injuries of hip, knee, and ankle joints in asymptomatic alpine ski racers and can be used successfully when MRI is unavailable.

The aim of the present experimental study was to determine and to compare the effects of vitamin E and of selenium on the blood flow to a wound region in rats, using the xenon-133 (133Xe) clearance technique. Burn wounds were made on the right thighs of rats followed by oral administration of vitamin E or selenium for a period of 10 days. The effect of vitamin E and of selenium individually on blood flow in the wound region was assessed before and after oral administration using the 133Xe clearance technique. Both vitamin E and selenium significantly increased the blood flow in the wound region (P

The purpose of this study was to compare the quantitative parameters of salivary gland functions in patients with allergic rhinitis and healthy volunteers using [99mTc] pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy. Thirty-six patients with allergic rhinitis (14 males and 22 females, mean age 30.6 ± 5.2 years) and thirty-nine healthy controls (18 males and 21 females, mean age 32.2 ± 5.6 years) were evaluated. Dynamic salivary gland scintigraphy was performed after intravenous administration of 185 MBq (5 mCi) of [99mTc] pertechnetate for 25 minutes. Lemon juice was used to stimulate the salivary glands. On the basis of the time-activity curves, the following glandular function parameters were calculated for the parotid and submandibular salivary glands: uptake ratio, maximum accumulation, and ejection fraction. Statistically, all the functional parameters of the parotid and submandibular glands obtained for the allergic rhinitis patients were significantly lower than those of the healthy controls group (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that there was a significant difference in salivary gland function between patients with allergic rhinitis and healthy controls, which can easily be evaluated by [99mTc] pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy.

Background/aim: Isotretinoin is an effective drug utilized in the management of acne vulgaris and is known to cause dry mouth. In this study, we aimed to evaluate this effect of isotretinoin on the salivary gland function in patients with acne vulgaris using technetium-99m (Tc-99m) pertechnetate imaging of the salivary glands. Materials and methods: The study population consisted of 28 patients with acne vulgaris (6 males and 22 females, mean age 20.2 ± 2.3 years), who were treated with isotretinoin for 6 months. We performed radionuclide imaging of the salivary glands pretreatment and at months 3 and 6 of treatment. After 185 MBq (5 mCi) of Tc-99m pertechnetate was intravenously administered, imaging of the salivary glands was performed over a 25-min period. We measured the following glandular function parameters for the parotid and submandibular salivary glands via time-activity curves: uptake ratio, maximum accumulation, and ejection fraction. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in the values obtained at months 3 and 6 of treatment, compared with the pretreatment values. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that radionuclide imaging of the salivary glands can clearly show the glandular functions that are affected by drugs such as isotretinoin.

OZET Bu calismanin amaci biyomekanik olarak yuz maskesi tarafindan aktive edilen suturalarda meydana gelen kemik ak-tivitesinin degerlendirilmesidir. Onalti yasinda pubertal buyume atilimi sona ermis Sinif III anomaliye sahip bir kiz cocuguna Tubinger tipi yuz maskesi uygulanmistir. Tedavi oncesinde ve 6 ay sonrasinda single-photon emission computerized tomographyography (SPECT) kayitlari alinmistir. Koronal kesitte yapilan kemik aktivasyonu indeksinde Fronto-Maxiller, zygomatico-maxiller sutur ve zygomatico-maxiller suturanin posterior bolgesinde ciddi artislarin oldugu tespit edilmistir. Bu artislar suturalar bolgesinde kemik aktivasyonu olduguna isaret etmektedir.

Radionuclide synovectomy is a reliable therapy in patients with chronic synovitis. However, radiation doses delivered to non-target organ systems due to leakage of radioactive material from the articular cavity are an important disadvantage of this procedure. In this study we compared extraarticular leakage values of the 3 commonly used radiopharmaceuticals;90Y-citrate,90Y-silicate and186Re-sulfide colloid. Thirty-five patients with persistent synovitis were enrolled in the study. Twenty-two hemophilic, 8 rheumatoid arthritis and 5 patients with pigmented villonodular synovitis were studied.90Y labeled silicate and citrate were used for knee joints and186Re-sulfide for intermediate sized joints. Radiocolloid leakage values were evaluated using a gamma camera with 20% window centered over the bremsstrahlung photopeak of90Y and a respective window over the 137 keV photopeak of186Re. Regions of interest were drawn over the injection site, the regional lymph nodes and the background areas. Leakage of radiocolloid was calculated by dividing the counts/pixel in the regional lymph node area to the counts/pixel in the injection site. No visible leakage was observed. The median leakage values calculated for90Y-citrate,90Y-silicate and186Re-sulfide were found as 1.9%, 2.4% and 2.7%, respectively. The difference between the variability of leakage values was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).Conclusion: There was no significant difference in terms of extraarticular leakage between90Y-citrate,90Y-silicate and186Re-sulfide radiocolloids.

The aim of the present study was to investigate sex and handedness differences in the sizes of the right and left thyroid lobes. Subjects were 72 healthy university students (36 female and 36 male), 18 to 23 years of age. Hand preference was assessed using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. The volumes of the right and left thyroid lobes were measured by ultrasonography. The right lobe was larger than the left. The right and left lobes were larger in men than in women. There were no handedness difference in the total thyroid volume and the volume of right lobe. But, the left lobe was larger in right-handed subjects than in the left handed ones. The difference (right minus left) was statistically larger in left-handers than in right-handers. The sex-related differences may be attributed to the sex differences in body weight. It can be stated that handedness is associated with the asymmetry of thyroid lobes.

Thallium-201 (201Tl) has been widely used as a nuclear reagent for myocardial blood flow imaging. The purpose of this study was to investigate genotoxic effects of 201Tl in patients with angina pectoris (n = 21), who had undergone myocardial perfusion imaging. Lymphocytes were isolated from each patient before, and 3, 30 and 90 days after 201Tl administration (111 MBq, 3 mCi) and were analyzed for chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, mitotic index and replicative index. There were significant increases in chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges 3 days after 201Tl administration (p0.001), although no difference was noted in these values after 30 and 90 days (p0.05). Moreover, decreased mitotic index and replicative index were noted after 3 days of 201Tl administration (p0.001). These results suggest that the administration of 201Tl for myocardial blood flow imaging may induce genetic damage.

Summary To evaluate the effect of septal pathology and surgery on nasal mucociliary clearance. A radioisotope method was used to measure the velocity of nasal mucociliary transport. Nasal mucociliary clearance was measured before and after septal surgery using technetium−99 m macroaggregated albumin. Fifteen patients (mean age: 20 ± 8 years; 11 males, four females) were studied pre-operatively, but scintigraphy could be repeated only in 10 patients, 2 months after surgery. A group of 10 healthy volunteers were also studied. The clearance values obtained from the pre-operative period (26.25 ± 9.45 min) were significantly higher than those of the post-operative period (15.05 ± 6.35 min). The values obtained of control group (13.30 ± 3.15 min) were not significantly different from the post-operative values of the patient group. Septal deviation affects the mucociliary activity. It is improved by surgery. This study showed that nasal septal deviation reduced the nasal mucociliary activity, and this can easily evaluated with scintigraphy.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) does not often produce optimal results, despite restoration of coronary blood flow at myocardial recovery, because of impaired microvascular perfusion. This study aimed to investigate and evaluate with (99m)Tc-sestamibi scan whether the results of PCI can be changed by maintenance infusion of tirofiban for 24 or 48 h in patients presenting with anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).The study included 84 patients with anterior STEMI who were candidates for primary PCI and whose occlusion was in the proximal or mid-left anterior descending artery. Patients were given 25 μg/kg/3 min tirofiban and randomized to receive maintenance infusion at 0.15 μg/kg/min for 24 or 48 h. A resting (99m)Tc sestamibi scan was performed on the 5th day post-procedure before discharge. The primary efficacy endpoint was a patient's score on a 5-point scoring system for perfusion defect severity. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as death from any cause, re-infarction, and clinically driven target-vessel revascularization within the first 6 months.Baseline characteristics of the patients were similar in the two infusion groups (n = 42 per group). There was no significant difference in the symptom onset-to-presentation time or door-to-balloon time between the two groups. With the exception of basal anteroseptal and basal anterior segments, significant reductions were obtained on the 5-point scoring system for perfusion defect severity in segments and in the summed rest scores. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in the incidence of MACE at 6 months. The safety profile did not differ between 24 and 48 h infusions of tirofiban.The use of tirofiban, when administered at a high bolus dose and maintained for 48 h, was safe and significantly reduced perfusion defect severity in patients with anterior STEMI presenting early after symptom onset and undergoing primary PCI.

We report a 23-year-old man presenting with chest pain. He denoted skin eruptions on his hands, lips, mouth, and penis 24 to 36 hours after he had taken flurbiprofen 10 days ago. Detailed examination showed an ulcerated, pitching lesion with a dimension of approximately 2x2 cm on his penis; however, other explained skin lesions were ameliorated. ST elevations were present in the electrocardiogram. Cardiac biomarkers gradually rose. The scintigraphy showed myocardial hypoperfusion in the inferoseptal wall. This phenomenon is a rare case of myocarditis due to hypersensitivity reaction. In the case of nonspecific angina pectoris accompanied by electrocardiogram changes, drug-induced myocarditis must hold a place in differential diagnoses.

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the localization of leukocytes in the pancreas during acute pancreatitis and to evaluate the potential use of 99mTc-HMPAO-labelled leukocytes in the diagnostic assessment of patients with acute pancreatitis. METHODS The study was performed with 20 patients (11 females, nine males; ranging in age from 26 to 86 years, mean 55 years). Labelled leukocyte scintigraphy using planar imaging was performed on all patients, seven of whom were also examined by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). According to Ranson criteria, 10 patients had mild pancreatitis (group A), six had severe pancreatitis (group B) and four had necrotic pancreatitis (group C). Twelve patients had biliary pancreatitis and the other eight patients had no obvious cause. RESULTS All patients of group C, four of group B, two of group A had a positive leukocyte scan. The positive leukocyte scintigraphy value for the detection of a lethal course of acute pancreatitis was 100%; of a severe course, 66.7%; and of a mild course, 20%. These findings are statistically significant (P=0.005 in chi-squared tests result). The results of leukocyte scintigraphy compared with those of CT were also statistically significant (P=0.001 in chi-squared tests). All the patients diagnosed with pancreatic necrosis by CT had a positive leukocyte scan, but only three of 13 patients without pancreatic necrosis that could be detected by computed tomography had a positive leukocyte scan. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant correlation between the severity of the disease and leukocyte infiltration. Considering these results, we believe that leukocyte infiltration in acute pancreatitis can be demonstrated rapidly and accurately and by noninvasive 99mTc-HMPAO labelled leukocyte scintigraphy.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of levocetirizine on nasal mucociliary clearance in allergic rhinitis patients using rhinoscintigraphy.Twenty patients with allergic rhinitis (12 males and eight females, mean age 37.7 +/- 10.5 years) were evaluated. All the patients received levocetirizine (5 mg x day(-1)) for 4 weeks, and the speed of nasal mucociliary clearance was assessed before and after treatment. Twenty healthy controls (11 males and nine females, mean age 39.4 +/- 7.8 years) were also evaluated.The clearance values obtained for the treated group before and after treatment were significantly lower than those of the control group (P = 0.0001), but there was no significant difference in clearance speeds before and after treatment in the patient group (P = 0.444).The study demonstrated that levocetirizine did not affect the speed of nasal mucociliary clearance in allergic rhinitis patients, and that nasal mucociliary clearance can easily be evaluated by rhinoscintigraphy.

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the leading cause of death from intoxication. In CO poisoning, it is important to know if there are any symptoms regarding myocardial damage, which are usually unobserved as a result of hypoxia. This study was planned to assess myocardial damage in young healthy patients with CO poisoning. Eighty-three young healthy cases who had been exposed to CO were included in this study. The demographic and clinical characteristics, the origin of CO gas and smoking habits of the patients were recorded. The evaluation of ECG, peripheral ABG, complete blood count and serial cardiac biomarkers (creatine kinase, creatine kinasemyocardial band and troponin I) measurements were performed in all cases. Additionally, echocardiogram (ECHO) and myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were performed at the appropriate times in all cases. The mean age of the patients was 27.39 /10.9 years. The main complaint of the patients was loss of consciousness with a 62.7% rate. The average carboxyhaemoglobin level of the patients was 34.49 /15.9%. Sinus tachycardia was present in 26.5% of patients. Diagnostic ischaemic ECG changes were present in 14.4% of patients. In myocardial SPECT, myocardial ischaemic damage was observed in 9 cases, in 6 of whom ECHO findings were also confirmed. Myocar-dial damage due to CO poisoning should not be ignored. If patients are at risk in terms of myocardial damage, further studies, such as ECHO and scintigraphy are needed to determine myocardial damage resulting from CO poisoning. However, in the young adults of the risk group, if the baseline ECG and serial cardiac biomarkers are normal, further studies such as ECHO and scintigraphy, considering the length of exposure and the severity of poisoning, may not be necessary for the evaluation of myocardial damage due to CO poisoning.

Aim To confirm the usefulness of blood pool scintigraphy with 99m Tc-labelled red blood cells ( 99m Tc-RBCs) in the diagnosis and follow-up of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Methods A prospective study design was used. 99m Tc-RBCs were prepared by a modified in-vivo method. After the rapid intravenous injection of 370-740 MBq of 99m Tc-RBCs, dynamic imaging of 1-min duration was performed. After dynamic imaging, static acquisitions at 5min (second phase: blood pool phase) and 2h (third phase: static image) were obtained. In addition, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging was performed at 2 h. SPECT images were obtained using a rotating gamma camera (GE-Starcam 4000 XR/T). Results All patients showed no activity in the first phase and mild activity in the second phase (blood pool phase). All patients with juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma showed a prominent increased activity in the third phase and in SPECT images. Conclusions This study shows that blood pool scintigraphy with 99m Tc-RBC SPECT is very accurate, easy to perform and a suitable alternative to pre-operative and post-operative imaging techniques, including computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRI angiography, for the detection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

To examine the relation of hand preference to bilateral femoral bone mineral density (BMD), the right and left total and regional (neck, trochanter, intertrochanteric, and Ward's triangle) proximal femur BMDs (g/cm 2 ) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorbtiometry (DEXA) in 32 right- and 26 left-handed university students. The mean total BMD of the total right-handers and the mean trochanteric BMD of the right-handed males were greater in the left femur than the right femur. Contrarily, the total left-handers had higher mean intertrochanteric BMD in the right side than in the left side. There were negative correlations between R-L BMD differences and Geschwind scores of total, male, and female subjects. The results suggest that femur-BMD may be related to hand preference.

Hyperphosphatasia is a rare genetic disorder characterized by failure to transform woven bone into lamellar bone. A 12-year-old girl with the complaint of right humeral pain was referred for a bone scan with a suspicion of a right humeral bone cyst with respect to the radiographic examinati

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CLCD) is an autosomal-dominant disorder. There is altered bone formation with clavicular hypoplasia or agenesis with a narrow thorax, causing approximation of the shoulders in front of the chest occurring with delayed ossification of the skull, excessively large fontanelles, and delayed closure of the sutures. More than 100 additional anomalies can be associated, including dental abnormalities, delayed skeletal maturation, hearing deficiency, and mild mental retardation in some cases. Scintigraphic images showed delayed epiphyseal closure, which can be seen in this disease.

Carcinoid tumors are potentially malignant, generally being related to regional lymph node and liver metastases. Rarely, metastases to other sites such as the breast have been reported. Radiolabeled peptide analogs such as In-111 octreotide play a useful role in the localization and potentially in the management of carcinoid tumors and their distant metastases. The authors report a case of ileal carcinoid tumor with unusual presentation of a chest wall metastasis. Chest radiograph was normal. Thoracic CT scanning showed a soft tissue mass in the chest wall. In-111 octreotide scintigraphy revealed increased uptake in the anterior chest wall and liver. A biopsy of the lesion showed carcinoid tumor.

Metastatic calcification related to renal failure has been well described. There is uptake of bone-scanning agents at extraskeletal sites in metastatic calcification. A 34-year-old man with end-stage renal failure was treated with hemodialysis. He noticed a painful lump over his right shoulder. Anterior and posterior whole-body bone scintigraphy images revealed markedly increased uptake in the heart, right shoulder, and medial part of the left shoulder. A biopsy of the right shoulder area showed metastatic calcium deposition.