Author: "Barrero, A." / Topic: general medicine - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Mentoring Programme: Guiding your first steps towards scientific excellence

Author: Beatriz Lobo-Valbuena, Laura Galarza Barrachina, Rodrigo Albillos Almaraz, Jesús Abelardo Barea Mendoza, Irene Barrero García, Manuel Fernández Caro, Leire López de la Oliva Calvo, María Martínez Martínez, Sonia Pajares Martínez, and Álvaro Castellanos Ortega
Subjects: General Medicine
Published: 2023

2. Revisión sistemática sobre la percepción del profesorado y alumnado de la materia de Educación Física como facilitadora de una escuela inclusiva

Author: Javier Rodriguez García, Alberto Martín Barrero, and Pablo Camacho Lazarraga
Subjects: Revisión, Método de enseñanza, Spain, España, Teaching methods, Review, General Medicine, Deporte, Inclusión, Sport
Abstract: [Resumen] Actualmente la educación inclusiva es uno de los grandes retos en la comunidad educativa. El objetivo principal de esta investigación analizar las publicaciones que investigaron la percepción del alumnado y profesorado en la educación física sobre la escuela inclusiva en el contexto español. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática, donde se empleó la declaración de PRISMA para analizar la inclusión percepción del profesorado y del alumnado en la Ed. Fís en la literatura científica española. Los resultados más relevantes muestran que las clases de Ed. Fís son un escenario idóneo para el desarrollo de la inclusión educativa, siendo esto percibido tanto por el profesorado como el alumnado, quienes además refuerzan que se adaptan de manera adecuada cuando se adaptan los contenidos en las clases. Por último, las investigaciones muestran que el docente tiene un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de las clases, debiendo ser capaz de integrar, siendo su formación en materia de inclusión un aspecto a mejorar. [Abstract] Inclusive education is currently one of the major challenges in the education community. The main objective of this research was to analyse the importance of the subject of physical education (PE) within the current inclusive school through students and teachers. A systematic review was carried out, using the PRISMA statement to analyse teacher and student perceptions of inclusion in PE spanish literature. The most relevant results show that PE classes are an ideal setting for the development of inclusive education, being this perceived by both teachers and students, who also reinforce that they adapt appropriately when content is adapted in the classes. Finally, research shows that the teacher has a fundamental role in the development of classes, and must be able to integrate, with their training in inclusion being an aspect to be improved.
Published: 2023

3. Time Savings When Working from Home

Author: Cevat Giray Aksoy, Jose Maria Barrero, Nick Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Mathias Dolls, and Pablo Zarate
Subjects: History, Polymers and Plastics, General Medicine, Business and International Management, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Abstract: We quantify the commute time savings associated with work from home, drawing on data for 27 countries. The average daily time savings when working from home are 72 minutes in our sample. We estimate that work from home saved about two hours per week per worker in 2021 and 2022, and that it will save about one hour per week per worker after the pandemic ends. Workers allocate 40 percent of their time savings to their jobs and about 11 percent to caregiving activities. People living with children allocate more of their time savings to caregiving.
Published: 2023

4. Vidrios que imitan piedras: algunos ejemplos procedentes de Augusta Emerita

Author: Pilar Caldera de Castro, Nova Barrero, and Miguel Cisneros
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: Las imitaciones de producciones hechas en materiales preciados o preciosos en otras realizadas en soportes más baratos, pero con elevado grado de similitud es común en todas las épocas. Las fuentes clásicas mencionan vasos en piedra imitados en vidrio. En este trabajo presentamos algunos ejemplos de este fenómeno en Augusta Emerita, donde se constata la presencia de variedades locales junto a piezas de talleres foráneos. En la colección emeritense se distinguen distintos tipos de producciones dentro de las imitaciones, como los vidrios opacos y los denominados “vidrios mosaico”.
Published: 2022

5. First documented case of Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris nest parasitism by Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus in Spanish steppes

Author: Adrián Barrero, Julia Gómez-Catasús, Daniel Bustillo-de la Rosa, Juan Traba, Julia Zurdo, and Margarita Reverter
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: Interspecific brood or nest parasitism is a relatively common breeding behavior in birds. Through this reproductive tactic, brood-parasites avoid the costs associated with raising and maintaining chicks by laying their eggs in the nests of the host species in which they are specialized. The common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) follows this brood parasite strategy. Female cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of other bird species, mimicking egg shape, size, and color of the host species. In this paper we report the first documented case of parasitism of tawny pipit nests by the common cuckoo in Spanish steppe habitats, where no record of parasitism on this species has been reported to date.
Published: 2022

6. Uso de la tableta en el ámbito educativo

Author: Martha Isabel Barrero Galindo, Sonia Amparo Salazar Aristizabal, and José Antonio España Delgado
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: El presente artículo de revisión documental busca dar a conocer las aproximaciones metodológicas y resumir la información de diversas investigaciones realizadas en la última década, acerca del uso de las tecnologías móviles, principalmente la tableta en el ámbito educativo, antes de la llegada de la pandemia. Esta investigación de carácter descriptivo de tipo documental se llevó a cabo a través de la exploración, organización, sistematización y análisis de una serie de documentos disponibles en diversas bibliotecas electrónicas y redes profesionales para científicos e investigadores. Tras el análisis y discusión se encontró que existe una amplia bibliografía sobre la integración tecnológica en el aula de clase, no obstante, aún resulta imprescindible el desarrollo de: investigaciones a mayor escala, estudios comparativos sobre metodologías empleadas para la integración tecnológica y profundizar más en lo relacionado a percepción de la comunidad educativa, principalmente, directivos y docentes.
Published: 2022

7. Balneotherapy and Health-related Quality of Life in Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis: a Prospective Observational Study Into a Real Clinical Practice Condition

Author: Helena Romay-Barrero, Jesus Herrero-Lopez, Jesus Antonio Llorente-Gonzalez, Gonzalo Melgar-Del Corral, Rocio Palomo-Carrion, and Ines Martinez-Galan
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: Aim: To analyze the influence of balneotherapy applied in conditions of real clinical practice in Fitero’s Thermal Station (Spain) on HRQoL in adults with KOA. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted under conditions of real clinical practice with a 9-month follow-up. The individuals were beneficiaries of the Spanish social thermalism programme. A total of 10 sessions were prescribed, individually, considering the clinical situation and preferences of each participant. In all cases, 10 bath sessions were administered, along with other techniques. The clinical assessments were conducted before initiating the balneotherapy and 1, 3, 6 and 9 months after. The main variable was HRQoL (Euroqol 5D-5L; WOMAC). The statistical analysis was performed by intention to treat. Results: The study included 71 users. At 6 months, improvements were found in the following dimensions of the WOMAC questionnaire: pain (24.47%), stiffness (30.75%) and functional capacity (26.66%) (p
Published: 2022

8. Chromosomopathies in cancer patients undergoing cobalt 60 radiotherapy

Author: Claudia Fernández-Barrero, Vanessa Ramírez-Mayorga, Patricia Mora-Rodríguez, Hugo Recinos-Pineda, Marvin Rodríguez-González, Omar García-Lima, Silvia Rodríguez-Alvarado, Wendy Malespín-Bendaña, and Luisa Valle-Bourrouet
Subjects: Giemsa en flourescencia, Chromosomopathy, Radioterapia, Radiotherapy, cromosomopatía, irradiation, General Medicine, irradiación, fluorescense plus Giemsa
Abstract: Resumen Objetivo: Describir las aberraciones citogenéticas que pueden ser observadas por medio de la técnica Giemsa en fluorescencia y encontradas en pacientes con cáncer antes y después de ser sometidos a tratamiento con radioterapia. Métodos: Se analizó un mínimo de 200 metafases en primera división mitótica antes y después del tratamiento de radioterapia en nueve pacientes que asistieron a la sección de radioterapia del Hospital San Juan de Dios Costa Rica. En cada caso se contabilizó cada tipo de cromosomopatía por medio de la prueba de Giemsa en fluorescencia y utilizando bromodeoxiuridina y naranja de acridina. Resultados: Las cromosomopatías producidas por radioterapia se observaron tanto antes como después del tratamiento sin embargo destacó el incremento en la frecuencia de los cromosomas dicéntricos y anillos céntricos una vez finalizada la terapia. La frecuencia de fracturas cromatídicas de asociaciones satelíticas y de alteraciones morfológicas no se ve afectada por la radioterapia. Uno de los participantes presentó un recuento mitótico bajo. Conclusión: La radioterapia aumenta significativamente la frecuencia de los cromosomas dicéntricos y dicéntricos más anillos en la muestra en estudio. Este trabajo es relevante por ser el primer estudio en Costa Rica en el que se analizan los cromosomas dicéntricos como biomarcadores de exposición a radiaciones ionizantes mediante la prueba de Giemsa en fluorescencia y utilizando bromodeoxiuridina y naranja de acridina. Abstract Aim: The objective of this study was to describe the before and after cytogenetic aberrations found in current patients of radiotherapy. This can be observed through the technique called "Giemsa in fluorescence" Methods: A minimum of 200 metaphases were analyzed in the first mitotic division in 9 patients. The patients where observed before and after radiotherapy treatment at the San Juan de Dios Hospital in Costa Rica. In each case any type of chromosomopathy was counted using the "Giemsa in fluorescence" test as well as Bromodeoxyuridine and acridine orange. Results: The chromosomopathies are observed before and after treatment with radiotherapy. The treatment seems to change the frecuency increasing the dicentric chromosomes and centric rings after the treatment. The frequency of chromatid fractures satellite associations and morphological alterations were not affected by radiotherapy. Conclusion: The chromosomopathies produced by radiotherapy were observed both before and after treatment with variations in their frequency. After radiotherapy dicentric chromosomes and dicentric chromosomes plus rings frequencies increased significantly. A low mitotic count was present this could have been the result of radiation on the bone marrow or by the cell repair and apoptosis system. The standardized " Fluorescence Plus Giemsa" test using Bromodesoxyuridine and acridine orange was used for the fiesta time in Costa Reica. This allowed for the measurement of radiation exposure used in the treatment or detection of diseases and cancer in pacients.
Published: 2022

9. Survey on the employment situation of intensivists in their early career

Author: J.A. Barea Mendoza, L. Galarza Barrachina, B. Lobo Valbuena, L. López de la Oliva Calvo, M. Martínez Martínez, I. Barrero García, and S. Pajares Martínez
Subjects: General Medicine
Published: 2023

10. Risk factors in post-dural puncture headache

Author: M. Rodríguez-Camacho, P.A. Guirado-Ruiz, and F.J. Barrero-Hernández
Subjects: Cefalea pospunción dural, Risk factors, Neurology, Headache, Lumbar puncture, General Medicine, Cefalea, Punción lumbar, Neurología, Factores de riesgo, Post-dural puncture headache
Abstract: La Universidad de Granada ha financiado las tasas de acceso abierto, Introducción: La cefalea pospunción dural (CPPD) es la complicación más frecuente tras la realización de una punción lumbar, sin embargo, su incidencia es muy variable según las series consultadas. Se han identificado distintos factores asociados a la aparición de esta. Objetivos: Este estudio tiene como objetivo la determinación de la incidencia de CPPD y la identificación de factores predisponentes en su aparición. Método: Se lleva a cabo un estudio descriptivo, de carácter prospectivo en 57 pacientes a los que se les realiza una punción lumbar. Para ello, se han analizado variables relativas a factores de riesgo derivado del paciente, factores clínicos y del procedimiento con la presencia de CPPD. La incidencia de CPPD ha sido de 38,6% y entre los factores asociados a su aparición se ha identificado la edad joven y el antecedente de cefalea previa. Resultados: La incidencia de CPPD ha sido mayor en mujeres, siendo de mayor intensidad en este grupo, si bien es necesaria la realización de estudios con mayor tama˜no muestra. Conclusiones: Debemos tener presente los factores asociados a la aparición de una CPPD como son: la edad joven, el antecedente de cefalea y la percepción de dificultad del proceso, para una mejor información a los pacientes y una optimización de la técnica empleada., Introduction: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication following lumbar puncture. However, its incidence varies according to the series consulted. Different factors associated with its onset have been identified. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of PDPH and to identify predisposing factors for its appearance. Method: Prospective, descriptive study in 57 patients who underwent lumbar puncture procedures. To this end, variables associated with patient-related risk factors, clinical and procedural factors with the presence of PDPH were analysed. The incidence of PDPH was 38.6% and factors associated with onset included young age and previous history of headache. Results: The incidence of PDPH was higher in women and presented greater intensity in this group, though studies with a larger sample size would need to be conducted. Conclusions: We must bear in mind the factors associated with the appearance of PDPH, which include: young age, history of headache, and the perception of procedural difficulty, to better inform patients and optimise the techniques used., Universidad de Granada, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Cecilio de Granada
Published: 2023

11. Percepción ciudadana sobre casos de maltrato animal publicados en redes sociales del Instituto Distrital de Protección y Bienestar Animal en Bogotá, Colombia

Author: Angie Camargo Posada, Stefany Monsalve Barrero, and Paula Bermúdez Duarte
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: Durante los últimos años, la relación humano-animal ha tenido un avance significativo, mejorándose también la conciencia sobre la problemática del maltrato animal, y reconociéndose este como un indicador de bienestar social y humano, particularmente desde el enfoque de Un Bienestar. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la percepción de la ciudadanía sobre los casos de maltrato animal publicados en las redes sociales del Instituto Distrital de Protección y Bienestar Animal (Idpyba) de Bogotá, Colombia. Se utilizaron herramientas de netnografía para el análisis de los datos disponibles en las redes sociales, con el fin de clasificar cada caso por forma de maltrato; examinar las interacciones del público interesado, y desglosar la intención de los comentarios más relevantes. En el periodo de un año, 42 casos fueron publicados en las redes sociales del Idpyba, siendo las formas de maltrato más frecuentes la negligencia (52,4 %; n: 22), el abandono (14,3 %; n: 6), el maltrato físico (14,3 %; n: 6) y el maltrato emocional (14,3 %; n: 6). Las interacciones más notorias del público estuvieron relacionadas con casos de negligencia y abandono, en reacciones de un solo clic; y con abandono, negligencia y maltrato emocional, en interacciones con comentarios. Para el número de veces compartidas, el mayor factor de impacto lo representó el maltrato emocional (94,2 %; n: 565). Además, las intenciones de comentarios más frecuentes fueron las de expresar una opinión (40 %; n: 691) y apoyar el contenido (34,8 %; n: 600). Los datos aquí recopilados evidencian una reacción empática general de la ciudadanía frente a diversas formas de maltrato animal. Adicionalmente, se concluye que los ciudadanos perciben como un accionar adecuado el transferir la custodia del animal a una institución de cuidado animal. Se propone que compartir con las comunidades prácticas de cuidado animal desde el enfoque de Un Bienestar, con impacto directo sobre la salud mental y física de las personas relacionadas, surge como un argumento que puede motivar el cambio, y mejorar la percepción de la sintiencia animal.
Published: 2023

12. Ojo humano II: estructuras externas asociadas

Author: Álvaro Santana Garrido, Claudia Reyes Goya, Fátima Nogales Bueno, Sandro Ramón Argüelles Castilla, Mercedes Cano Rodríguez, María Luisa Calonge Castrillo, María Livia Carrascal Moreno, Olimpia Carreras Sánchez, Manuel Alejandro González-Serna Martín, Alfonso Mate Barrero, Pedro Antonio Núñez Abades, María Luisa Ojeda Murillo, María José Peral Rubio, Carmen María Vázquez Cueto, María Dolores Vázquez Carretero, and Pablo García Miranda
Subjects: History, Sociology and Political Science, Literature and Literary Theory, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, General Chemical Engineering, Developmental and Educational Psychology, General Materials Science, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Toxicology, Condensed Matter Physics, Language and Linguistics, Education
Abstract: Este recurso forma parte del Proyecto “Aplicación de realidad virtual sobre el laboratorio de prácticas de Fisiología del Sistema Visual” (“Apoyo al diseño de recursos docentes basados en las nuevas tecnologías” correspondiente a la Línea de actuación Actividades del profesorado para la innovación educativa ref. 222 del IV Plan Propio de Docencia de la Universidad de Sevilla. Este recurso, junto al resto generado con esta ayuda, engloban conceptos teórico-prácticos del laboratorio de prácticas principalmente de Fisiología del Sistema Visual, así como de otras asignaturas como Fisiología Humana I. Estas asignaturas se imparten en el Grado en Óptica y Optometría, Grado en Farmacia, y en el Doble Grado en Farmacia y en Óptica y Optometría. Este recurso de realidad virtual 3D presenta el modelo anatómico del globo ocular, centrándose en las estrcuturas externas asociadas. Además, puede encontrarse una pequeña descripción junto a la localización de cada estructura. Ese recurso de realidad virtual está dirigido a estudiantes de las asignaturas del área de Fisiología de diferentes titulaciones académicas en la que se imparten (principalmente Grado en Farmacia, Óptica y Optometría, Doble grado en Farmacia y Óptica-optometría), principalmente la Fisiología del Sistema Visual, y otras asignaturas con parte de este contenido tales como Fisiología Humana I y Fisiología Humana II. También, será útil para otros estudiantes de grados de ciencias de la salud y ciencias, y para cualquier público interesado en conocer el funcionamiento del sistema visual. Por lo que tiene una función dual: por un lado, mejora el conocimiento por parte de los estudiantes en el campo de la fisiología, y por otro sirve como herramienta de aprendizaje en fisiología para la sociedad.
Published: 2023

13. Ojo humano I: globo ocular

Author: Álvaro Santana Garrido, María Dolores Vázquez Carretero, Fátima Nogales Bueno, Carmen María Vázquez Cueto, Sandro Ramón Argüelles Castilla, Mercedes Cano Rodríguez, María Luisa Calonge Castrillo, María Livia Carrascal Moreno, Olimpia Carreras Sánchez, Manuel Alejandro González-Serna Martín, Alfonso Mate Barrero, Pedro Antonio Núñez Abades, María Luisa Ojeda Murillo, María José Peral Rubio, Pablo García Miranda, and Claudia Reyes Goya
Subjects: History, Sociology and Political Science, Literature and Literary Theory, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, General Chemical Engineering, Developmental and Educational Psychology, General Materials Science, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Toxicology, Condensed Matter Physics, Language and Linguistics, Education
Abstract: Este recurso forma parte del Proyecto “Aplicación de realidad virtual sobre el laboratorio de prácticas de Fisiología del Sistema Visual” (“Apoyo al diseño de recursos docentes basados en las nuevas tecnologías” correspondiente a la Línea de actuación Actividades del profesorado para la innovación educativa ref. 222 del IV Plan Propio de Docencia de la Universidad de Sevilla. Este recurso, junto al resto generado con esta ayuda, engloban conceptos teórico-prácticos del laboratorio de prácticas principalmente de Fisiología del Sistema Visual, así como de otras asignaturas como Fisiología Humana I. Estas asignaturas se imparten en el Grado en Óptica y Optometría, Grado en Farmacia, y en el Doble Grado en Farmacia y en Óptica y Optometría. Este recurso de realidad virtual 3D presenta el modelo anatómico del globo ocular, centrándose en todas las estructuras que lo conforman, como pueden ser las distintas capas del globo ocular (esclerótica, coroides y retina) o las diferentes estructuras que atraviesa la luz (córnea, pupila, cristalino), entre otros. Además, puede encontrarse una pequeña descripción junto a la localización de cada estructura. Ese recurso de realidad virtual está dirigido a estudiantes de las asignaturas del área de Fisiología de diferentes titulaciones académicas en la que se imparten (principalmente Grado en Farmacia, Óptica y Optometría, Doble grado en Farmacia y Óptica-optometría), principalmente la Fisiología del Sistema Visual, y otras asignaturas con parte de este contenido tales como Fisiología Humana I y Fisiología Humana II. También, será útil para otros estudiantes de grados de ciencias de la salud y ciencias, y para cualquier público interesado en conocer el funcionamiento del sistema visual. Por lo que tiene una función dual: por un lado, mejora el conocimiento por parte de los estudiantes en el campo de la fisiología, y por otro sirve como herramienta de aprendizaje en fisiología para la sociedad.
Published: 2023

14. Risk factors in post-dural puncture headache

Author: M. Rodriguez-Camacho, P.A. Guirado-Ruiz, and F.J. Barrero-Hernández
Subjects: General Medicine
Published: 2023

15. Cultura emprendedora en la República Dominicana: ¿en un alto nivel?

Author: Fernando Barrero and Javier Villamizar
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: El presente estudio analiza los resultados de la medición de la cultura emprendedora en la República Dominicana, permitiendo identificar aquellos factores que han incidido en su alta calificación frente a otros países del mundo, así como las oportunidades de mejora. La metodología usada fue el análisis de la data original del Monitor Global de Emprendimiento, desarrollado a mediados de 2021 y con resultados disponibles a inicios de 2022. La cultura emprendedora del país logra un nivel elevado desde la arista de la población adulta, puesto que concibe el emprendimiento como una opción de carrera deseable, explicando, en gran parte, la actividad emprendedora de la nación. De manera equivalente, más de la mitad de los expertos consultados opinan que la cultura nacional promueve la creatividad y la innovación, pero también consideran que la transferencia en Investigación y Desarrollo (I+D) y su resultado, la internacionalización, no han sido factores de fomento en los últimos tres años. Por ello, el país cuenta con grandes oportunidades de mejorar su entorno emprendedor, requiriendo una mayor y suficiente inversión en Investigación y Desarrollo que garantice la inclusión de las nuevas empresas con enfoque en tecnología, así como la generación de iniciativas articuladas de los sectores público, educativo e industrial en función de reducir la brecha de desarrollo tecnológico entre las grandes empresas y las PYMEs, garantizando una sostenibilidad de los nuevos negocios.
Published: 2022

16. Complete genome sequence of a novel potyvirus infecting Miscanthus sinensis (silver grass)

Author: Zacharie Leblanc, Marie-Emilie Gauthier, Ruvini Lelwala, Candace Elliott, Cassie McMaster, Robin Eichner, Kevin Davis, Lia Liefting, Jeremy Thompson, Adrian Dinsdale, Mark Whattam, Julie Pattemore, and Roberto A. Barrero
Subjects: Virology, General Medicine
Abstract: Here, we describe the full-length genome sequence of a novel potyvirus, tentatively named “Miscanthus sinensis mosaic virus” (MsiMV), isolated from Miscanthus sinensis (silver grass) held in a post-entry quarantine facility after being imported into Western Australia, Australia. The MsiMV genome is 9604 nucleotides (nt) in length, encoding a 3071-amino-acid (aa) polyprotein with conserved sequence motifs. The MsiMV genome is most closely related to that of sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), with 74% nt and 78.5% aa sequence identity to the SrMV polyprotein region. Phylogenetic analysis based on the polyprotein grouped MsiMV with SrMV, sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), and maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV). This is the first report of a novel monopartite ssRNA virus in Miscanthus sinensis related to members of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae.
Published: 2022

17. Novel Isoform DTX3c Associates with UBE2N-UBA1 and Cdc48/p97 as Part of the EphB4 Degradation Complex Regulated by the Autocrine IGF-II/IRA Signal in Malignant Mesothelioma

Author: Pierluigi Scalia, Carmen Merali, Carlos Barrero, Antonio Suma, Vincenzo Carnevale, Salim Merali, and Stephen J. Williams
Subjects: Inorganic Chemistry, IGF2, insulin-like growth factor-II, IR-A, insulin receptor isoform-A, EphB4, eph receptor B4, DTX3, Deltex 3, E3 ubiquitin ligase, UBE2N, E2 ubiquitin ligase, UBA1, E1 ubiquitin ligase, Cdc48/p97, chaperon protein also known as VCP, Organic Chemistry, General Medicine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Catalysis, Computer Science Applications
Abstract: EphB4 angiogenic kinase over-expression in Mesothelioma cells relies upon a degradation rescue signal provided by autocrine IGF-II activation of Insulin Receptor A. However, the identity of the molecular machinery involved in EphB4 rapid degradation upon IGF-II signal deprivation are unknown. Using targeted proteomics, protein–protein interaction methods, PCR cloning, and 3D modeling approaches, we identified a novel ubiquitin E3 ligase complex recruited by the EphB4 C tail upon autocrine IGF-II signal deprivation. We show this complex to contain a previously unknown N-Terminal isoform of Deltex3 E3-Ub ligase (referred as “DTX3c”), along with UBA1(E1) and UBE2N(E2) ubiquitin ligases and the ATPase/unfoldase Cdc48/p97. Upon autocrine IGF-II neutralization in cultured MSTO211H (a Malignant Mesothelioma cell line that is highly responsive to the EphB4 degradation rescue IGF-II signal), the inter-molecular interactions between these factors were enhanced and their association with the EphB4 C-tail increased consistently with the previously described EphB4 degradation pattern. The ATPase/unfoldase activity of Cdc48/p97 was required for EphB4 recruitment. As compared to the previously known isoforms DTX3a and DTX3b, a 3D modeling analysis of the DTX3c Nt domain showed a unique 3D folding supporting isoform-specific biological function(s). We shed light on the molecular machinery associated with autocrine IGF-II regulation of oncogenic EphB4 kinase expression in a previously characterized IGF-II+/EphB4+ Mesothelioma cell line. The study provides early evidence for DTX3 Ub-E3 ligase involvement beyond the Notch signaling pathway.
Published: 2023
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18. Enfermedades por priones humanas. Una revisión general

Author: Raquel Piñar-Morales, Francisco Barrero-Hernández, and Luis Aliaga-Martínez
Subjects: General Medicine
Published: 2023

19. Accurate commissural alignment during ACURATE neo TAVI procedure. Proof of concept

Author: Manuel Carrasco-Moraleja, José Raúl Delgado-Arana, J. Alberto San Román, Ignacio J. Amat-Santos, Carlos Baladrón, Félix Valencia-Serrano, Alejandro Barrero, Sandra Santos-Martínez, Ana Revilla, Teresa Sevilla, Won-Keun Kim, Alfredo Redondo, Hipólito Gutiérrez, Ana Serrador, and Israel Sánchez-Lite
Subjects: 3d printed, medicine.diagnostic_test, Transcatheter aortic, business.industry, Computed tomography, Aortic Valve Stenosis, General Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Prosthesis Design, Valve in valve, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, 03 medical and health sciences, Treatment Outcome, 0302 clinical medicine, Aortic Valve, Heart Valve Prosthesis, Humans, Medicine, Delivery system, Implant, business, Nuclear medicine
Abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Final position of the neo-commissures is uncontrolled during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), potentially hindering coronary access and future procedures. We aimed to develop a standard method to achieve commissural alignment with the ACURATE neo valve. METHODS The relationship between native and TAVI neo-commissures was analyzed in 11 severe aortic stenosis patients undergoing TAVI. Based on computed tomography analysis, an in silico model was developed to predict final TAVI commissural posts position. A modified implantation technique, accurate commissural alignment (ACA) and a dedicated delivery system were developed. TAVI implants were tested in 3-dimensional (3D) printed models and in vivo. Commissural misalignment and coronary overlap (CO) were analyzed. RESULTS The in silico model accurately predicted final position of commissural posts irrespective of the implantation technique performed (correlation coefficient, 0.994; 95%CI, 0.989-0.998; P
Published: 2022

20. Síndrome de Apert: alternativas de tratamiento ortodóntico - quirúrgico y tiempos de ejecución. Una revisión de la literatura

Author: Yury Paola Giraldo–Barrero, Natalia Carrillo–Mendigaño, Claudia Patricia Peña–Vega, and Salomón Yezioro–Rubinsky
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: Objetivo: realizar una revisión de la literatura acerca de los tratamientos ortodónticos y quirúrgicos del síndrome de Apert durante las diferentes etapas de crecimiento y desarrollo. Métodos: se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en las bases de datos MedLine (PubMed), Science Direct, Scopus y Wiley Online Library con la combinación de los siguientes términos: Syndromic craniosynostosis, Dental treatment, orthodontic treatment, Apert Syndrome, surgical treatment, dental care. Se incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas y de literatura, estudios retrospectivos, longitudinales y de cohorte, series y revisiones de caso publicados entre 1990 y 2020 en español o inglés; se excluyeron artículos relacionados con otros síndromes, así como estudios en animales. Los artículos fueron seleccionados según su pertinencia y disponibilidad de texto completo; hallazgos repetidos fueron eliminados; adicionalmente, se utilizó el sistema bola de nieve en los artículos seleccionados; la calidad de la evidencia fue evaluada mediante el sistema GRADE. Resultados: 34 artículos fueron incluidos (calidad alta: 2, moderada: 1, baja: 19 y muy baja: 12). Entre estos, se identificaron discusiones relacionadas con la etapa de crecimiento a la que se recomienda realizar los procedimientos quirúrgicos requeridos para minimizar sus impactos negativos. La mayoría de los artículos apoyan el manejo terapéutico ejecutado por equipos multidisciplinarios. Conclusiones: un plan de tratamiento combinado de ortodoncia y cirugía ortognática se presentó como la mejor opción para obtener los mejores resultados funcionales y estéticos para la población en cuestión. El momento adecuado durante el crecimiento y desarrollo de los individuos para implementar cada fase de tratamiento fue decidido por cada equipo multidisciplinario.
Published: 2022

21. La verificación en la era de las fake news. Algunos ejemplos sobre el COVID-19

Author: Fernandez-Barrero Angeles and Isaac López Redondo
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: España ha sido uno de los países más afectados por las noticias falsas en el contexto de la pandemia por el coronavirus, un fenómeno conocido como infodemia, con más del 80 % de la población afectada, especialmente a través de redes sociales y WhatsApp. Esta situación ha conllevado una intensa actividad verificadora de los factcheckers. En este artículo tratamos de analizar la dinámica de la verificación y la rutina narrativa de estos textos, así como el esfuerzo de algunas instituciones científicas para concienciar a los ciudadanos sobre la necesidad de recurrir a fuentes autorizadas. Aportamos un marco contextual de la infodemia y una descripción cualitativa sobre el proceso de verificación de hechos por parte de medios, instituciones y fact-checkers a partir de ejemplos de bulos y noticias falsas que traspasaron los filtros de los medios y otros que fueron frenados con un diligente proceso de verificación, atendiendo a su mayor relevancia en el sistema de indexación de textos de Google. El estudio muestra cómo la verificación, pese a no ser un procedimiento nuevo en el ámbito periodístico, cobra fuerza entre las tendencias recientes en la producción de contenidos, un fenómeno ligado a la necesidad de clarificar y luchar contra la desinformación. Los textos siguen unos parámetros narrativos constantes aunque sólo los medios de calidad, con un perfil activo, y los fact-checkers utilizan procedimientos primarios de verificación, mientras que medios más pasivos optan por procesos mediatizados y son más proclives a la absorción de bulos.
Published: 2022

22. Design of a tool for the classification of skin cancer images using Deep Neural Networks (DNN)

Author: Diana Paola Merchán Vargas, Helis Navarro Báez, Jaime Guillermo Barrero Pérez, and Jeyson Arley Castillo Bohórquez
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: Skin cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world population. Usually, the diagnosis requires the acquisition of dermatoscopic images. Both biopsy and histopathology have been used in advanced stages. Its early detection is very important to increase patient life quality and life expectancy. In Colombia, the lack of qualified professionals and medical instruments difficulties this task. The automatic classification is a huge challenge, due to ample variety and morphology in skin lesions. Nowadays, Deep Learning reaches elevated accuracy levels in image classification tasks and is set to become a reliable solution for medical image classification. In this research, used these DNN advantages to build a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained with open source databases to the classification of skin lesions benign and malignant. After the training process, we develop an embedded system with raspberry Pi 3 B+ with a generic camera and implemented the CNN described in Python coded-based. For the benign and malignant classification, the prototype reached an accuracy level of 91.06% in the F1 score and a recall of 91.98%.
Published: 2021

23. Los códigos de buen gobierno cooperativo y la inclusión de poblaciones desmovilizadas y víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia

Author: Gustavo Adolfo Rubio-Rodríguez, Alba Lucía Galvis-Gómez, Jhon Jairo Mosquera-Rodas, and Mario Samuel Rodríguez-Barrero
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: Esta investigación propone salidas al conflicto armado en Colombia a través del modelo cooperativo y desde la aplicación de la norma, para optimizar las condiciones actuales de la población desmovilizada en este país. Es un trabajo de corte cuantitativo. Emplea el cuestionario como instrumento para la obtención y análisis de información. Este ha sido aplicado a 58 sujetos pertenecientes a las cooperativas que representan los 5 subsectores más importantes que aportan al desarrollo económico de la ciudad de Pereira, Colombia. Dichos sectores son el agroindustrial, transporte, servicios, seguridad y financiero. Los resultados alcanzados dejan entrever que las entidades cooperativas tienen diseñados códigos de buen gobierno y están dispuestas a trabajar para reconstruir el tejido social desde el interior de estas organizaciones. Sin embar go, no se cuenta con la infraestructura ni con la voluntad política para realizarlo. Se concluye que es imperante diseñar códigos de buen gobierno corporativo que generen programas de participación que comprendan la solidaridad, la inclusión, la formación y todos aquellos aspectos que se requieren para construir territorios de paz.
Published: 2021

24. Anxiety and depression in patients with narcolepsy

Author: María José Abenza‐Abildua, Eugenio Suárez‐Gisbert, Vanesa Lores‐Gutiérrez, Carmen Algarra‐Lucas, Ángeles Gómez‐Aceña, Francisco José Navacerrada‐Barrero, Laura González‐Martín, Ana Pérez‐Villena, and Carlos Pérez‐López
Subjects: Behavioral Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience, General Medicine
Abstract: We analysed the co-existence of psychopathology in patients with narcolepsy at our centre. We performed an observational retrospective descriptive analysis of patients with a diagnosis of narcolepsy, with and without psychopathology, who attended our sleep disorders unit from October 2012 to October 2021. A total of 51patients with narcolepsy (mean [SD] age 41.10 [14.71] years; 23 [45.1%] males and 28 [54.90%] females) were included. In all, 27 patients (52.94%) and 24 patients (47.06%) had narcolepsy with and without cataplexy, respectively. Of the total, 18 (33.33%) had a mood disorder: 18 with anxiety disorder (33.33%). Of these patients 14 (27.45%) had major depression, two (4%) had attempted suicide, one (2%) had manic outbreak, and one (2%) had substance abuse. Of the 18 patients with anxiety and depression, 10 (55.55%) and eight (44.44%) had narcolepsy with and without cataplexy, respectively. In the comparative analysis, a statistically significant relationship was found between younger age and the presence of anxiety. The prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with narcolepsy was triple that of the general population, especially in younger patients. Psychopathology precedes the diagnosis of narcolepsy in most patients, not being reactive to diagnosis. This high prevalence suggests a possible biological relationship between both disorders, which should be assessed with larger studies.
Published: 2022

25. Presentación

Author: Concepción Barrero Rodríguez
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: Presentación de la sección monográfica.
Published: 2023

26. Experiencia comunitaria en la policlínica de San Antonio, Canelones, Uruguay: algo más que una huerta

Author: Lucía Gadola, Gabriel Barrero, Graciela Castellano, Silvana Machado, Valentina Pereyra, and Carolina Arbelo
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: Este artículo presenta una sistematización del Proyecto Redes, Salud y Alimentos llevado adelante por un equipo interdisciplinario de docentes de la Universidad de la República (Udelar) en 2018 en la localidad de San Antonio, Departamento de Canelones, Uruguay. El proyecto tuvo como objetivo promover la creación de un espacio para la promoción integral de la salud y la agroecología desde el enfoque de la Ecosalud. A nivel académico el proyecto se propuso promover la producción de conocimiento interdisciplinario en torno a los ejes de salud humana, construcción social de la salud y producción agroecológica de alimentos. Material y métodos. En el territorio, desde un enfoque de Ecosalud, se generaron acciones de prevención y promoción de la salud a partir de una concepción holística y sistémica de las relaciones ambientales y humanas. Se incorporó la perspectiva agroecológica, considerando a los alimentos y su sistema de producción como determinantes de la sustentabilidad ambiental y de la seguridad y soberanía alimentaria. Resultados. Como resultados destacamos el logro de los objetivos de promover la participación e integración del saber comunitario y haber creado un espacio de promoción de la salud integral, en sintonía con los pilares de la Carta de Shangai, “Promoción de la salud en la Agenda 2030 para el desarrollo sostenible”. Discusión. Esta experiencia es una respuesta a los desafíos que enfrenta la academia, en su afán de aportar al desarrollo de la sociedad. Sus desarrollos pueden verse también son pilares teóricos y ejes de acción de una nueva Salud Pública.
Published: 2021

27. Clinical characteristics and evolution of patients with cardiogenic shock in Argentina in the context of an acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation. Data from the nationwide ARGEN-IAM-ST Registry

Author: Yanina Castillo Costa, Flavio Delfino, Víctor Mauro, Heraldo D'Imperio, Carlos Barrero, Adrián Charask, Rodrigo Zoni, Stella Macín, Eduardo Perna, and Juan Gagliardi
Subjects: General Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Cardiogenic Shock is one of the main causes of death in ST segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. To know the clinical characteristics, in-hospital evolution and mortality of patients with Cardiogenic Shock. Patients enrolled in the ARGEN-IAM-ST Registry were analyzed. Predictors of Cardiogenic Shock and death during hospital stay were established. A total of 6122 patients were admitted between 2015 and 2022. Cardiogenic Shock was present in 10.75% of cases. Patients with CS were older (64.5 vs 60 years), more females (41% vs 36%), with more antecedents of infarction and a higher prevalence of anterior location of infarction and multivessel disease. They were also less revascularized (88.5% vs 91.5%) and had a higher incidence of failed angioplasty (15.7% vs 2.7%). They also evidenced a higher occurrence of mechanical complications (6.8% vs 0.4%), ischemic recurrence (7.4% vs 3.4%) and cardiac arrest on admission (44.8% vs 2.6%). All the differences described showed statistical significance with P0.05. Overall mortality was 58% in contrast to 2.77% in patients without Cardiogenic Shock (P0.001). Only age, DBT, and early cardiac arrest were independent predictors of shock on admission whereas age, female gender, cardiac arrest on admission and failed angioplasty were independent predictors of death. One out of 10 patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction presented cardiogenic shock. Its clinical characteristics were similar to those described more than 20 years ago. Despite a high use of reperfusion strategy cardiogenic shock continues to have a very high mortality Argentina.
Published: 2022

28. Saposin C, Key Regulator in the Alpha-Synuclein Degradation Mediated by Lysosome

Author: Clara Ruz, Francisco J. Barrero, Javier Pelegrina, Sara Bandrés-Ciga, Francisco Vives, and Raquel Duran
Subjects: β-glucocerebrosidase, Beta-glucocerebrosidase, PSAP, Cathepsin D, Catalysis, Saposins, Inorganic Chemistry, Lysosomal dysfunction, Hexosaminidase B, Humans, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Organic Chemistry, Parkinson Disease, General Medicine, beta-Galactosidase, beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases, Computer Science Applications, Mutation, alpha-Synuclein, Parkinson’s disease, Glucosylceramidase, Lysosomes, lysosomal dysfunction
Abstract: Lysosomal dysfunction has been proposed as one of the most important pathogenic molecular mechanisms in Parkinson disease (PD). The most significant evidence lies in the GBA gene, which encodes for the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucocerebrosidase (beta-GCase), considered the main genetic risk factor for sporadic PD. The loss of beta-GCase activity results in the formation of alpha-synuclein deposits. The present study was aimed to determine the activity of the main lysosomal enzymes and the cofactors Prosaposin (PSAP) and Saposin C in PD and healthy controls, and their contribution to alpha-synuclein (alpha-Syn) aggregation. 42 PD patients and 37 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. We first analyzed the beta-GCase, beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), beta-hexosaminidase (Hex B) and Cathepsin D (CatD) activities in white blood cells. We also measured the GBA, beta-GAL, beta-HEX, CTSD, PSAP, Saposin C and alpha-Syn protein levels by Western-blot. We found a 20% reduced beta-GCase and beta-gal activities in PD patients compared to controls. PSAP and Saposin C protein levels were significantly lower in PD patients and correlated with increased levels of alpha-synuclein. CatD, in contrast, showed significantly increased activity and protein levels in PD patients compared to controls. Increased CTSD protein levels in PD patients correlated, intriguingly, with a higher concentration of alpha-Syn. Our findings suggest that lysosomal dysfunction in sporadic PD is due, at least in part, to an alteration in Saposin C derived from reduced PSAP levels. That would lead to a significant decrease in the beta-GCase activity, resulting in the accumulation of alpha-syn. The accumulation of monohexosylceramides might act in favor of CTSD activation and, therefore, increase its enzymatic activity. The evaluation of lysosomal activity in the peripheral blood of patients is expected to be a promising approach to investigate pathological mechanisms and novel therapies aimed to restore the lysosomal function in sporadic PD., Foundation "Progreso y Salud" of the Junta de Andalucia PI-0424-2014, FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades/Proyecto B-CTS-702-UGR20, German Research Foundation (DFG) FPU14/03473 EST16/00809
Published: 2022

29. Randomized and Open Trial to Assess the Effectiveness of the Guided Pelvic Floor Exercises Pre-Radical Robotic Prostatectomy on the Improvement of Urinary Incontinence. Initial Results

Author: Rafael Antonio Medina-López, Antonio Javier Rodríguez-Pérez, Juan Braulio García-Ramos, Rafael Barrero-Candau, Inmaculada García-Obrero, and Cristina García-Sánchez
Subjects: Male, Prostatectomy, Treatment Outcome, Urinary Incontinence, Robotic Surgical Procedures, Urology, Quality of Life, Humans, General Medicine, Pelvic Floor, Exercise Therapy
Abstract: Radical prostatectomy has an impact on urinary continence. Many factors are involved in continence. The objective of this study is evaluate the effect of guided Pelvic Floor Exercises prior to robotic radical prostatectomy (RRP) on the rate of urinary incontinence compared with written information.randomized study of 62 patients who are waiting for PRR. They were rondomized in two groups: experimental group (exercises guided by a physiotherapist) or a control group (written information). Primary objective was the continence rate measured by pad test and ICIQ-SF one month after the intervention, Secondary objectives were incontinence severity, quality of life with SF-36 and KHQ questionnaires and the correlation between incontinence and quality of life.We found no differences in continence rate between groups after the intervention. We found differences in "emotional problems" and "personal relationships", in favor of the control group. There is a correlation between the amount of urine leakage and age, urgency and all the domains of the KHQ questionnaire except general quality of life, as well as in the areas "energy/fatigue" and "social function" of the SF-36.Physiotherapist-guided exercises before RRP do not seem to offer advantages compared to written information, in terms of the incontinence rate and its severity one month after the surgery. Urinary incontinence is correlated with age, urgency, and deterioration in quality of life.
Published: 2022

30. Psychopolitics, Big data, and Nudge. About dominion without resistance

Author: Juan Manuel Barrero Arbeláez
Subjects: biopolitica, resistance, Nudge, big data, psichopolitics, General Medicine, resistencia, biopolitics, psicopolítica
Abstract: Resumen Con este escrito se pretende ofrecer razones para sospechar que el Nudge es una herramienta del regulador para intervenir en el comportamiento de las personas, llevándolas a actuar de forma predecible para evitar el error y mejorar su bienestar, sin prohibir la libertad de elección y sin cambiar sus incentivos económicos (Sunstein y Thaler, 2008). Al ser combinada con los Big Data, un instrumento psicopolítico usado en la sociedad de la comunicación que permite un conocimiento de múltiples aspectos de la vida de los individuos esencialmente, a partir de la información personal que estos aportan a la red, da origen a una nueva herramienta psicopolítica que anula o limita, en cierto grado, la posibilidad de los individuos de resistirse al uso que de ella haga el regulador. Abstract It is intended in the following lines to offer reasons to suspect that the Nudge is a tool used by the regulator to influence people's behavior by guiding them, if you will, to act in a predictable way in order to avoid mistakes and improve their welfare, without restricting free will and avoiding the usage of economic incentives. Combined with the Big data, a psychopolitical instrument used in communications society, which essentially allows access to multiple aspects from the life of individuals, gathered from the own personal information that they upload to the web, originating a new psychopolitical tool devised to restrain the possibility of individuals to resist to the use that the regulator makes of it.
Published: 2022

31. IsomiR-eQTL: A Cancer-Specific Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Database of miRNAs and Their Isoforms

Author: Afshin Moradi, Paul Whatmore, Samaneh Farashi, Roberto A. Barrero, and Jyotsna Batra
Subjects: Organic Chemistry, Quantitative Trait Loci, General Medicine, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Catalysis, Computer Science Applications, Inorganic Chemistry, MicroRNAs, Neoplasms, miRNA, isomiR, isomiR-eQTL, miR-eQTL, GWAS, Humans, Protein Isoforms, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: The identification of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) is an important component in efforts to understand how genetic variants influence disease risk. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA molecules capable of regulating the expression of several genes simultaneously. Recently, several novel isomers of miRNAs (isomiRs) that differ slightly in length and sequence composition compared to their canonical miRNAs have been reported. Here we present isomiR-eQTL, a user-friendly database designed to help researchers find single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that can impact miRNA (miR-eQTL) and isomiR expression (isomiR-eQTL) in 30 cancer types. The isomiR-eQTL includes a total of 152,671 miR-eQTLs and 2,390,805 isomiR-eQTLs at a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.05. It also includes 65,733 miR-eQTLs overlapping known cancer-associated loci identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the impact of SNPs on isomiR expression at the genome-wide level. This database may pave the way for researchers toward finding a model for personalised medicine in which miRNAs, isomiRs, and genotypes are utilised.
Published: 2022

32. Differences in Expression of IQSEC2 Transcript Isoforms in Male and Female Cases with Loss of Function Variants and Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Author: Beatriz Baladron, Lidia M. Mielu, Estrella López-Martín, Maria J. Barrero, Lidia Lopez, Jose I. Alvarado, Sara Monzón, Sarai Varona, Isabel Cuesta, Rosario Cazorla, Julián Lara, Gemma Iglesias, Enriqueta Román, Purificación Ros, Gema Gomez-Mariano, Isabel Cubillo, Esther Hernandez-San Miguel, Daniel Rivera, Javier Alonso, Eva Bermejo-Sánchez, Manuel Posada, Beatriz Martínez-Delgado, and Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Subjects: Male, Catalysis, Whole Exome Sequencing, Inorganic Chemistry, Transcript isoforms, Intellectual Disability, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors, Humans, Protein Isoforms, Exome, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Neurodevelopment syndrome, Organic Chemistry, Intron variant, General Medicine, Computer Science Applications, Spain UDP, Pedigree, IQSEC2 gene, Phenotype, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Mutation, Female, Gene expression, neurodevelopment syndrome, exome, transcript isoforms, intron variant, gene expression, SpainUDP
Abstract: Pathogenic hemizygous or heterozygous mutations in the IQSEC2 gene cause X-linked intellectual developmental disorder-1 (XLID1), characterized by a variable phenotype including developmental delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy, hypotonia, autism, microcephaly and stereotypies. It affects both males and females typically through loss of function in males and haploinsufficiency in heterozygous females. Females are generally less affected than males. Two novel unrelated cases, one male and one female, with de novo IQSEC2 variants were detected by trio-based whole exome sequencing. The female case had a previously undescribed frameshift mutation (NM_001111125:c.3300dup; p.Met1101Tyrfs*5), and the male showed an intronic variant in intron 6, with a previously unknown effect (NM_001111125:c.2459+21C>T). IQSEC2 gene expression study revealed that this intronic variant created an alternative donor splicing site and an aberrant product, with the inclusion of 19bp, confirming the pathogenic effect of the intron variant. Moreover, a strong reduction in the expression of the long, but also the short IQSEC2 isoforms, was detected in the male correlating with a more severe phenotype, while the female case showed no decreased expression of the short isoform, and milder effects of the disease. This suggests that the abnormal expression levels of the different IQSEC2 transcripts could be implicated in the severity of disease manifestations. This research was funded by INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III, institutional project Spain UDP and grant PT20CIII/00009. Sí
Published: 2022
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33. Identification of Candidate mRNA Isoforms for Prostate Cancer-Risk SNPs Utilizing Iso-eQTL and sQTL Methods

Author: Afshin Moradi, Harsh Sharma, Ravi Datta Sharma, Achala Fernando, Roberto A. Barrero, and Jyotsna Batra
Subjects: Male, Organic Chemistry, Quantitative Trait Loci, Prostatic Neoplasms, General Medicine, alternative spicing, prostate cancer, Iso-eQTL, sQTL, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Catalysis, Computer Science Applications, Inorganic Chemistry, RNA Isoforms, Humans, Protein Isoforms, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) impacting the alternative splicing (AS) process (sQTLs) or isoform expression (iso-eQTL) are implicated as important cancer regulatory elements. To find the sQTL and iso-eQTL, we retrieved prostate cancer (PrCa) tissue RNA-seq and genotype data originating from 385 PrCa European patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We conducted RNA-seq analysis with isoform-based and splice event-based approaches. The MatrixEQTL was used to identify PrCa-associated sQTLs and iso-eQTLs. The overlap between sQTL and iso-eQTL with GWAS loci and those that are differentially expressed between cancer and normal tissue were identified. The cis-acting associations (FDR < 0.05) for PrCa-risk SNPs identified 42, 123, and 90 PrCa-associated cassette exons, intron retention, and mRNA isoforms belonging to 25, 95, and 83 genes, respectively; while assessment of trans-acting association (FDR < 0.05) yielded 59, 65, and 196 PrCa-associated cassette exons, intron retention and mRNA isoforms belonging to 35, 55, and 181 genes, respectively. The results suggest that functional PrCa-associated SNPs can play a role in PrCa genesis by making an important contribution to the dysregulation of AS and, consequently, impacting the expression of the mRNA isoforms.
Published: 2022

34. Prognostic Value of Insulin Resistance Assessed by HOMA-IR in Non-Diabetic Patients with Decompensated Heart Failure

Author: Yanina Castillo Costa, Víctor Mauro, Enrique Fairman, Adrián Charask, Lisandro Olguín, Leonardo Cáceres, and Carlos Barrero
Subjects: General Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: The predictive value of insulin resistance in patients hospitalized with heart failure is unknown. To evaluate prognostic value of insulin resistance (defined by a HOMA IR ≥ 2.5) for the combined event of death and readmission at 90 and 365 days post discharge and to determine if there are differences according to ejection fraction. Prospective study of 156 p hospitalized for acute heart failure without diabetes. A total of 83 years, 48% female, EF ≤ 45% 48%. Of 28% presented HOMA ≥2.5. HOMA IR ≥2.5 was associated with combined event (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.9-5.1; P: 0.02) at 90 days. A multivariate analysis demonstrated its independent predictive value (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.8; P: 0.03). At 1 year follow-up HOMA IR did not predict events. The predictive value of HOMA-IR was not associated with ventricular function. HOMA IR index was a predictor of a combined event at 90 days in our population. It is a simple determination that could contribute to identify higher risk patients during this vulnerable post-discharge phase. These data must be validated in larger studies.
Published: 2023

35. Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease

Author: Maron D. J., Hochman J. S., Reynolds H. R., Bangalore S., O'Brien S. M., Boden W. E., Chaitman B. R., Senior R., Lopez-Sendon J., Alexander K. P., Lopes R. D., Shaw L. J., Berger J. S., Newman J. D., Sidhu M. S., Goodman S. G., Ruzyllo W., Gosselin G., Maggioni A. P., White H. D., Bhargava B., Min J. K., John Mancini G. B., Berman D. S., Picard M. H., Kwong R. Y., Ali Z. A., Mark D. B., Spertus J. A., Krishnan M. N., Elghamaz A., Moorthy N., Hueb W. A., Demkow M., Mavromatis K., Bockeria O., Peteiro J., Miller T. D., Szwed H., Doerr R., Keltai M., Selvanayagam J. B., Gabriel Steg P., Held C., Kohsaka S., Mavromichalis S., Kirby R., Jeffries N. O., Harrell F. E., Rockhold F. W., Broderick S., Bruce Ferguson T., Williams D. O., Harrington R. A., Stone G. W., Rosenberg Y, ISCHEMIA Research Group: Joseph Ricci, A Tello Montoliu, A I Robero Aniorte, Abbey Mulder, Abhay A Laddu, Abhinav Goyal, Abhishek Dubey, Abhishek Goyal, Abigail Knighton, Abraham Oomman, Adam J Jaskowiak, Adam Kolodziej, Adam Witkowski, Adnan Hameed, Adriana Anesini, Afshan Hussain, Agne Juceviciene, Agne Urboniene, Agnes Jakal, Agnieszka Szramowska, Ahmad Khairuddin, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Ahmed Adel, Ahmed Aljzeeri, Ahmed Kamal, Ahmed Talaat, Aimee Mann, Aira Contreras, Ajit Kumar, V K Kumar, Akemi Furukawa, Akshay Bagai, Akvile Smigelskaite, Alain Furber, Alain Rheault, Alaine Melanie Loehr, Alan Rosen, Albert Varga, Albertina Qelaj, Alberto Barioli, Aldo Russo, Alec Moorman, Alejandro Gisbert, Aleksandra Fratczak, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Alena Kuleshova, Alessandro Sionis, Alexander A Sirker, Alexander M Chernyavskiy, Alexandra Craft, Alexandra Vazquez, Alexandre Ciappina Hueb, Alexandre S Colafranseschi, Alexandre Schaan de Quadros, Alexandre Tognon, Ali Alghamdi, Alice Manica Muller, Aline Nogueira Rabaça, Aline Peixoto Deiro, Alison Hallam, Allegra Stone, Allison Schley, Almudena Castro, Alvaro Rabelo Ales, Amanda Germann, Amanda O'Malley, Amar Uxa, Amarachi Ojajuni, Amarino C Oliveira Jr, Amber B Hull, Ambuj Roy, Amer Zarka, Amir Janmohamed, Ammani Brown, Ammy Malinay, Amparo Martinez Monzonis, Amy J Richards, Amy Iskandrian, Amy Ollinger, Ana D Djordjevic-Dikic, Ana Fernández Martínez, Ana Gomes Almeida, Ana Paula Batista, Ana Rita Francisco, Ana S Mladenovic, Ana Santana, Anam Siddiqui, Anastasia M Kuzmina-Krutetskaya, Andras Vertes, Andre S Sousa, Andre Gabriel, André Schmidt, Andrea M Lundeen, Andrea Bartykowszki, Andrea Lorimer, Andrea Mortara, Andrea Pascual, Andreia Coelho, Andreia Rocha, Andrés García-Rincón, Andrew G Howarth, Andrew J Moriarty, Andrew Docherty, Andrew Starovoytov, Andrew Zurick, Andrzej Łabyk, Andrzej Swiatkowski, Andy Lam, Anelise Kawakami, Angela Hoye, Angela Kim, Angelique Smit, Angelo Nobre, Anil V Shah, Anja Ljubez, Anjali Anand, Ankush Sachdeva, Ann Greenberg, Ann Luyten, Ann Ostrander, Anna Di Donato, Anna Cichocka-Radwan, Anna Fojt, Anna Plachcinska, Anna Proietti, Anna Teresinska, Anne Marie Webb, Anne Cartwright, Anne Heath, Anne Mackin, Anong Amaritakomol, Anong Chaiyasri, Anoop Chauhan, Anoop Mathew, Anthony Gemignani, Anto Luigi Andres, Antonia Vega, Antonietta Hansen, Antonino Ginel Iglesias, Antonio Carlos Carvalho, Antonio Di Chiara, Antonio Serra Peñaranda, Antonio Carvalho, Antonio Colombo, Antonio Fiarresga, Anupama Rao, Aquiles Valdespino-Estrada, Araceli Boan, Areef Ishani, Ariel Diaz, Arijit Ghosh, Arintaya Prommintikul, Arline Roberts, Arnold H Seto, Arnold P Good, Arshed Quyyumi, Arthur J Labovitz, Arthur Kerner, Arturo S Campos-Santaolalla, Arunima Misra, Ashok Mukherjee, Ashok Seth, Ashraf Seedhom, Asim N Cheema, Asker Ahmed, Atul Mathur, Atul Verma, Audrey W Leong, Axel Åkerblom, Axelle Fuentes, Aynun Naher, Badhma Valaiyapathi, Baljeet Kaur, Bandula Guruge, Barbara Brzezińska, Barbara Nardi, Bartosz Czarniak, Bebek Singh, Begoña Igual, Bela Merkely, Belen Cid Alvarez, Benjamin J Spooner, Benjamin J W Chow, Benjamin Cheong, Benoy N Shah, Bernard de Bruyne, Bernardas Valecka, Bernhard Jäger, Beth A Archer, Beth Abramson, Beth Jorgenson, Bethany Harvey, Betsy O'Neal, Bev Atkinson, Bev Bozek, Bevin Lang, Bijulal Sasidharan, Bin Yang, Bin Zhang, Binoy Mannekkattukudy Kurian, Bjoern Goebel, Bob Hu, Bogdan A Popescu, Bogdan Crnokrak, Bolin Zhu, Bonnie J Kirby, Brandi D Zimbelman, Brandy Starks, Branko D Beleslin, Brenda Hart, Brian P Shapiro, Brian McCandless, Brianna Wisniewski, Brigham R Smith, Brooks Mirrer, Bruce McManus, Bruce Rutkin, Bruna Edilena Paulino, Bruna Maria Ascoli, Bryn Smith, Byron J Allen, C Michael Gibson, C Noel Bairey Merz, Calin Pop, Cameron Hague, Camila Thais de Ormundo, Candace Gopaul, Candice P Edillo, Carísi A Polanczyk, Carita Krannila, Carla Vicente, Carl-Éric Gagné, Carlo Briguori, Carlos Peña Gil, Carlos Alvarez, Carly Ohmart, Carmen C Beladan, Carmen Ginghina, Carol M Kartje, Caroline Alsweiler, Caroline Brown, Caroline Callison, Caroline Pinheiro, Caroline Rodgers, Caroline Spindler, Carolyn Corbett, Carrie Drum, Casey Riedberger, Catherine Bone, Catherine Fleming, Catherine Gordon, Catherine Jahrsdorfer, Catherine Lemay, Catherine Weick, Cathrine Patten, Cecilia Goletto, Cezary Kepka, Chandini Suvarna, Chang Xu, Chantale Mercure, Charle A Viljoen, Charlene Wiyarand, Charles Jia-Yin Hou, Charles Y Lui, Charles Cannan, Charles Cornet, Charlotte Pirro, Chataroon Rimsukcharoenchai, Chen Wang, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Chen-Yen Chien, Cheryl A Allardyce, Chester M Hedgepeth, Chetan Patel, Chiara Attanasio, Chih-Hsuan Yen, Chi-Ming Chow, Ching Min Er, Ching-Ching Ong, Cholenahally Nanjappa Manjunath, Chris Beck, Chris Buller, Christel Vassaliere, Christian Hamm, Christiano Caldeira, Christie Ballantyne, Christina Björklund, Christine R Hinton, Christine Bergeron, Christine Masson, Christine Roraff, Christine Shelley, Christophe Laure, Christophe Thuaire, Christopher Kinsey, Christopher McFarren, Christopher Spizzieri, Christopher Travill, Chun-Chieh Liu, Chung-Lieh Hung, Chunguang Li, Chun-Ho Yun, Chunli Xia, Ciarra Heard, Cidney Schultz, Clare Venn-Edmonds, Claudia P Hochberg, Claudia Wegmayr, Claudia Cortés, Claudia Escobar, Cláudia Freixo, Claudio T Mesquita, Clemens T Kadalie, Colin Berry, Constance Philander, Corine Thobois, Costantino Costantini, Courtney Page, Craig Atkinson, Craig Barr, Craig Paterson, Cristina Bare, Cynthia Baumann, Cynthia Burman, Dalisa Espinosa, Damien Collison, Dan Deleanu, Dan Elian, Dan Gao, Dana Oliver, Daniel P Vezina, Daniel O'Rourke, Daniele Komar, Danielle Schade, Darrel P Francis, Dastan Malaev, David A Bull, David E Winchester, David P Faxon, David Booth, David Cohen, David DeMets, David Foo, David Schlichting, David Taggart, David Waters, David Wohns, Davis Vo, Dawid Teodorczyk, Dawn Shelstad, Dawn Turnbull, Dayuan Li, Dean Kereiakes, Deborah O'Neill, Deborah Yip, Debra K Johnson, Debra Dees, Deepak L Bhatt, Deepika Gopal, Deepti Kumar, Deirdre Mattina, Deirdre Murphy, Delano R Small, Delsa K Rose, Dengke Jiang, Denis Carl Phaneuf, Denise Braganza, Denise Fine, Derek Cyr, Desiree Tobin, Diana Cukali, Diana Parra, Diane Camara, Diane Minshall Liu, Diego Adrián Vences, Diego Franca de Cunha, Dimitrios Stournaras, Dipti Patel, Dongze Li, Donna Exley, Dorit Grahl, Dragana Stanojevic, Duarte Cacela, Dwayne S G Conway, E Pinar Bermudez, Eapen Punnoose, Edgar L Tay, Edgar Karanjah, Edoardo Verna, Eduardo Hernandez-Rangel, Edward D Nicol, Edward O McFalls, Edward T Martin, Edyta Kaczmarska, Ekaterina I Lubinskaya, Elena A Demchenko, Elena Refoyo Salicio, Eli Feen, Elihú Durán-Cortés, Elisabeth M Janzen, Elise L Hannemann, Elise van Dongen, Elissa Restelli Piloto, Eliza Kaplan, Elizabeta Srbinovska Kostovska, Elizabeth Capasso-Gulve, Elizabeth Congdon, Elizabeth Ferguson, Elizaveta V Zbyshevskaya, Ellen Magedanz, Ellie Fridell, Ellis W Lader, Elvin Kedhi, Emanuela Racca, Emilie Tachot, Emily DeRosa, Encarnación Alonso-Álvarez, Eric Nicollet, Eric Peterson, Erick Alexánderson Rosas, Erick Donato Morales, Erin Orvis, Ermina Moga, Estelle Montpetit, Estevao Figueiredo, Eugene Passamani, Eugenia Nikolsky, Eunice Yeoh, Evgeniy I Kretov, Ewa Szczerba, Ewelina Wojtala, Expedito Eustáquio Ribeiro Silva, F Marin Ortuño, Fabio R Farias, Fabio Fimiani, Fabrizio Rolfo, Fa-Chang Yu, Fadi Hage, Fadi Matar, Fahim Haider Jafary, Fang Feng, Fang Liu, Fatima Ranjbaran, Fatima Rodriguez, Fausto J Pinto, Fauzia Rashid, Federica Ramani, Fei Wang, Fernanda Igansi, Filipa Silva, Filippo Ottani, Fiona Haines, Firas Al Solaiman, Flávia Egydio, Flavio Lyra, Florian Egger, Fran Farquharson, Frances Laube, Francesc Carreras Costa, Francesca de Micco, Francesca Bianchini, Francesca Pezzetta, Francesca Pietrucci, Francesco Orso, Francesco Pisano, Francis Burt, Francisca Patuleia Figueiras, Francisco Fernandez-Aviles, Francois Pierre Mongeon, Frans Van de Werf, Franziska Guenther, Fraser N Witherow, Fred Mohr, Frederico Dall'Orto, Fumiyuki Otsuka, G De La Morena, G Karthikeyan, Gabor Dekany, Gabor Kerecsen, Gabriel Galeote, Gabriel Grossmann, Gabriel Vorobiof, Gabriela Sanchez de Souza, Gabriela Guzman, Gabriela Zeballos, Gabriele Gabrielli, Gabriele Jakl-Kotauschek, Gail A Shammas, Gail Brandt, Gang Chen, Gary E Lane, Gary J Luckasen, Gautam Sharma, Gelmina Mikolaitiene, Gennie Yee, Georg Nickenig, George E Revtyak, George J Juang, Gerald Fletcher, Gerald Leonard, Gerard Patrick Devlin, Gerard Esposito, Gergely Ágoston, Gervasio Lamas, Geza Fontos, Ghada Mikhail, Gia Cobb, Gian Piero Perna, Gianpiero Leone, Giles Roditi, Gilles Barone-Rochette, Girish Mishra, Giuseppe Tarantini, Glenda Wong, Glenn S Hamroff, Glenn Rayos, Gong Cheng, Gonzalo Barge-Caballero, Goran Davidović, Goran Stankovic, Gordana Stevanovic, Grace Jingyan Wang, Grace M Young, Graceanne Wayser, Graciela Scaro, Graham S Hillis, Graham Wong, Grazyna Anna Szulczyk, Gregor Simonis, Gregory Kumkumian, Gretchen Ann Peichel, Grzegorz Gajos, Gudrun Steinmaurer, Guilherme G Rucatti, Guilherme Portugal, Guilhermina Cantinho Lopes, Guillem Pons Lladó, Gunnar Frostfelt, Gurpreet S Wander, Gurpreet Gulati, Gustavo Pucci, Hafidz Abd Hadi, Haibo Zhang, Haitao Wang, Halina Marciniak, Han Chen, Hanan Kerr, Hani Najm, Hanna Douglas, Hannah Phillips, Hao Dai, Haojian Dong, Haqeel Jamil, Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai, Harry Suryapranata, Hassan Reda, Hayley Pomeroy, Heather Barrentine, Heather Golden, Heather Hurlburt, Heidi Wilson, Helen C Tucker, Helene Abergel, Hemalata Siddaram, Hermine Osseni, Herwig Schuchlenz, Hesong Zeng, Hicham Skali, Hilda Solomon, Hollie Horton, Holly Hetrick, Holly Little, Holly Park, Hongjie Chi, Hossam Mahrous, Howard A Levite, Hristo Pejkov, Huajun Li, Hugo Bloise-Adames, Hugo Marques, Hui Zhong, Hui-Min Zhang, Humayrah Hashim, Hung-I Yeh, Hussien El Fishawy, Ian Webb, Iftikhar Kullo, Igor O Grazhdankin, Ihab Hamzeh, Ikraam Hassan, Ikuko Ueda, Ileana L Pina, Ilona Tamasauskiene, Ilse Bouwhuis, Imran Arif, Ina Wenzelburger, Inês Zimbarra Cabrita, Ines Rodrigues, Inga H Robbins, Inga Soveri, Ingela Schnittger, Iqbal Karimullah, Ira M Dauber, Iram Rehman, Irena Peovska Mitevska, Irene Marthe Lang, Irina Subbotina, Irma Kalibataite-Rutkauskiene, Irni Yusnida, Isabel Estela Carvajal, Isabella C Palazzo, Isabelle Hogan, Isabelle Roy, Ishba Syed, Ishita Tejani, Ivan A Naryshkin, Ivana Jankovic, Iwona Niedzwiecka, J David Knight, Jacek Kusmierek, Jackie M White, Jackie Chow, Jacob Udell, Jacqueline E Tamis-Holland, Jacqueline Fannon, Jacquelyn A Quin, Jacquelyn Do, Jaekyeong Heo, Jakub Maksym, James E Davies, James H O'Keefe Jr, James J Jang, James Cha, James Harrison, James Hirsch, James Stafford, James Tatoulis, Jamie Rankin, Jan Henzel, Jan Orga, Jana Tancredi, Janaina Oliveira, Jane Burton, Jane Eckstein, Jane Marucci, Janet P Knight, Janet Blount, Janet Halliday, Janetta Kourzenkova, Janitha Raj, Jan-Malte Sinning, Jaqueline Pozzibon, Jaroslaw Drozdz, Jaroslaw Karwowski, Jason D Glover, Jason Loh Kwok, Jason T Call, Jason Linefsky, Jassira Gomes, Jati Anumpa, Javier J Garcia, Javier Courtis, Jay Meisner, K Jayakumar, Jayne Scales, Jean E Denaro, Jean Michel Juliard, Jean Ho, Jeanette K Stansborough, Jean-Michel Juliard, Jeanne Russo, Jeannette J M Schoep, Jeet Thambyrajah, Jeff Leimberger, Jeffery A Breall, Jeffrey A Kohn, Jeffrey C Milliken, Jeffrey Anderson, Jeffrey Blume, Jeffrey Kanters, Jeffrey Lorin, Jeffrey Moses, Jelena J Stepanovic, Jelena Celutkiene, Jelena Djokic, Jelena Stojkovic, Jenne M Jose, Jenne Manchery, Jennifer A Mull, Jennifer H Czerniak, Jennifer L Stanford, Jennifer Gillis, Jennifer Horst, Jennifer Isaacs, Jennifer Langdon, Jennifer Thomson, Jennifer Tomfohr, Jennifer White, Jen-Yuan Kuo, Jeremy Rautureau, Jerome Fleg, Jessica Berg, Jessica Rodriguez, Jessica Waldron, Jhina Patro, Jia Li, Jiajia Mao, Jiamin Liu, Jian'an Wang, Jianhua Li, Jianxin Zhang, Jie Qi, Jihyun Lyo, Jill Marcus, Jim Blankenship, Jing Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Jing-Yao Fan, Jiun-Yi Li, Jiwan Pradhan, Jiyan Chen, J M Rivera Caravaca, Jo Evans, Joan Garcia Picart, Joan Hecht, Joanna Jaroch, Joanna Zalewska, Joanne Kelly, Joanne Taaffe, João Reynaldo Abbud, João V Vitola, Joaquín V Peñafiel, Jocelyne Benatar, Jody Bindeman, Joe Sabik, Joel Klitch, Johann Christopher, Johannes Aspberg, John D Friedman, John F Beltrame, John F Heitner, John Joseph Graham, John R Davies, John Doan, John Kotter, John Kurian, John Mukai, John Pownall, Jolanta Sobolewska, Jon Kobashigawa, Jonathan L Goldberg, Jonathan W Bazeley, Jonathan Byrne, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Jonathan Leipsic, Jonean Thorsen, Jorge F Trejo Gutierrez, Jorge Escobedo, Jorik Timmer, José A Ortega-Ramírez, José Antonio Marin-Neto, Jose D Salas, Jose Enrique Castillo, Jose Francisco Saraiva, José J Cuenca-Castillo, Jose L Diez, José Luis Narro Villanueva, José Luiz da Vieira, José M Flores-Palacios, Jose Ramon Gonzalez, Jose Seijas Amigo, Jose Fragata, Josep Maria Padró, Josheph F X McGarvey Jr, Joseph Hannan, Joseph Sacco, Joseph Sweeny, Joseph Wiesel, Josephine D Abraham, Joshua P Loh, Joy Burkhardt, Joyce R White, Joyce Riestenberg-Smith, Judit Sebo, Judith L Meadows, Judith Wright, Judy Mae Foltz, Judy Hung, Judy Otis, Juergen Stumpf, Jui-Peng Tsai, Julia S Dionne, Julia de Aveiro Morata, Julie Bunke, Julie Morrow, Julio César Figal, Jun Fujita, Jun Jiang, Junhua Li, Junqing Yang, Juntima Euathrongchit, Jyotsna Garg, K Manjula Rani, K Preethi, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Kai Eggers, Kamalakar Surineni, Kanae Hirase, T R Kapilamoorthy, Karen Calfas, Karen Gratrix, Karen Hallett, Karen Hultberg, Karen Nugent, Karen Petrosyan, Karen Swan, Karolina Kryczka, Karolina Wojtczak-Soska, Karolina Wojtera, Karsten Lenk, Karthik Ramasamy, Katarzyna Łuczak, Katarzyna Malinowska, Kate Pointon, Kate Robb, Katherine Martin, Kathleen Claes, Kathryn Carruthers, Kathy E Siegel, Katia Drouin, Katie Fowler-Lehman, Kavita Rawat, Kay Rowe, Keiichi Fukuda, Keith A A Fox, Ken Mahaffey, Kendra Unterbrink, Kenneth Giedd, Kerrie Van Loo, Kerry Lee, Kerstin Bonin, Kevin R Bainey, Kevin T Harley, Kevin Anstrom, Kevin Chan, Kevin Croce, Kevin Landolfo, Kevin Marzo, Keyur Patel, Khaled Abdul-Nour, Khaled Alfakih, Khaled Dajani, Khaled Ziada, Khaula Baloch, Khrystyna Kushniriuk, Kian-Keong Poh, Kim F Ireland, Kim Holland, Kimberly Ann Byrne, Kimberly E Halverson, Kimberly Elmore, Kimberly Miller-Cox, Kiran Reddy, Kirsten J Quiles, Kirsty Abercrombie, Klaus Matschke, Konrad Szymczyk, Koo Hui Chan, Kotiboinna Preethi, Kozhaya Sokhon, Krissada Meemuk, Kristian Thygesen, Kristin M Salmi, Kristin Newby, Kristina Wippler, Kristine Arges, Kristine Teoh, Krystal Etherington, Krystyna Łoboz-Grudzień, Krzysztof W Reczuch, Krzysztof Bury, Krzysztof Drzymalski, Krzysztof Kukuła, Kuo-Tzu Sung, Kurt Huber, Ladda Douangvila, Lance Sullenberger, Larissa Miranda Trama, Laszlone Matics, Laura Drew, Laura Flint, Laura Keinaite, Laura Sarti, Laurel Kolakaluri, Lawrence M Phillips, Lawrence Friedman, Lawrence Phillips, Lazar Velicki, Leah Howell, Leandro C Maranan, Leanne Cox, Ledjalem Daba, Lei Zhang, Lekshmi Dharmarajan, Leo Bockeria, Leonardo Pizzol Caetano, Leonardo Bridi, Leonid L Bershtein, Leszek Sokalski, Li Hai Yan, Li Li, Lia Nijmeijer, Lidia Sousa, Lihong Xu, Lihua Zhang, Lili Zhang, Lilia Schiavi, Lilian Mazza Barbosa, Lillian L Khor, Lina Felix-Stern, Linda L Hall, Linda M Hollenweger, Linda Arcand, Linda Davidson-Ray, Linda Schwarz, Lindsey N Sikora, Lingping Chi, Lino Patricio, Liping Zhang, Lisa Chaytor, Lisa Hatch, Lisa McCloy, Lisa Wong, Liselotte Persson, Lixin Jiang, Liz Low, Ljiljana Pupic, Loïc Bière, Lorenzo Monti, Lori Christensen, Lori Pritchard, Loriane Black, Lori-Ann Desimone, Lori-Ann Larmand, Lorraine McGregor, Louise Morby, Louise Thomson, Luc Harvey, Luciana de Pádua Baptista, Lucilla Garcia, Ludivine Eliahou, Ludmila Helmer, Luis F Smidt, Luis Bernanrdes, Luis Guzman, Luiz A Carvalho, Luyang Xiong, Lynette L Teo, Lynn M Neeson, Lynne Winstanley, M Barbara Srichai-Parsia, M Quintana Giner, M Sowjanya Reddy, M Valdés Chávarri, M Grazia Rossi, Maarten Simoons, Maayan Konigstein, Maciej Lesiak, Maciej Olsowka, Mafalda Selas, Magalie Corfias, Magdalena Madero Rovalo, Magdalena Łanocha, Magdalena Miller, Magdalena Misztal-Teodorczyk, Magdalena Rantinella, Magdy Abdelhamid, Magnolia Jimenez, Mahboob Alam, Mahevamma Mylarappa, Mahfouz El Shahawy, Mahmoud Mohamed, Mahmud Al-Bustami, Majo X Joseph, Malgorzata Frach, Małgorzta Celińska-Spodar, Malte Helm, Manas Chacko, Mandy Murphy, Manitha Vinod, Manjula Rani, Manu Dhawan, Manuela Mombelli, Marcel Weber, Marcello Galvani, Marcelo Jamus Rodrigues, Marcia F Dubin, Marcia F Werner Bayer, Marcin Szkopiak, Marco Antonio Monsalve, Marco Bizzaro Santos, Marco Magnoni, Marco Marini, Marco Sicuro, Marco Zenati, Marcos Valério Coimbra Resende, Marek Roik, Margalit Bentzvi, Margaret Gilsenan, Margaret Iraola, Margot C Quinn, Maria A Alfonso, Maria Antonieta Pereira Moraes, María Dolores Martínez-Ruíz, María Fernanda Canales, Maria Inês Caetano, Maria P Corral, Maria Pérez García, Maria Victoria Actis, Maria Aguirre, Maria Andreasson, Maria Aprile, Maria Colton, Maria Eugenia Martin, Maria Lasala, Maria Lorenzo, Maria Posada, Maria Shier, Maria Thottam, Mariana V Furtado, Mariana Yumi Okada, Marianna D A Dracoulakis, Marianne De Andrade, Mariano Rubio, Marie Essermark, Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, Marija T Petrovic, Marija Zdravkovic, Marilyn Black, Marina Garcia, Mario J Garcia, Mariola Szulik, Marisa Orgera, Mark A de Belder, Mark Harbinson, Mark Hyun, Mark Peterson, Mark Xavier, Marlowe Mosley, Marta Capinha, Marta Marcinkiewicz-Siemion, Marta Swiderek, Martha Meyer, Martina Ceseri, Martina Tricoli, Marvin Kronenberg, Mary Williams, Mary Ann Champagne, Mary Colleen Rogge, Mary R Soltau, Mary Streif, Massimo Villella, Massoud Leesar, Matei Claudia, Mateusz Solecki, Matías Nicolás Mungo, Matthew Wall Jr, Matthew Budoff, Matthew Jezior, Matthew Luckie, Matthias Friedrich, Mauren P Haeffner, Maximilian Tscharre, Max-Paul Winter, Mayana Almeida, Mayil S Krishnam, Mayuri Patel, Meenakshi Mishra, Megan Manocchia, Meghana Kakade, Melanie J Munro, Melissa D Chaplin, Melissa LeFevre, Mervyn Andiapen, Michael A Gibson, Michael B Rubens, Michael C Turner, Michael D Shapiro, Michael W Lee, Michael Berlowitz, Michael Davidson, Michael Mack, Michael McDaniel, Michael Mumma, Michal Wlodarczyk, Michel G Khouri, Michel S Slama, Michele Rawlins, Michelle M Bonner, Michelle M Seib, Michelle Chang, Michelle Crowder, Michelle Dixon, Michelle Mayon, Michelle McEvoy, Michelle Yee, Miguel M Fernandes, Miguel Nobre Menezes, Miguel Souto Bayarri, Miguel Barrero, Mikhail T Torosoff, Milan R Dobric, Milan Dobric, Milica Nikola Dekleva, Milind Avdhoot Gadkari, Millie Gomez, Min Tun Kyaw, Miriam Brooks, Miroslav Stevo Martinovic, Mitchel B Lustre, Mohammad Tariq Vakani, Mohammad El-Hajjar, Mohammed Al-Amoodi, 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Paula García-González, Paulo Cury Rezende, Paulo Ricardo Caramori, Pavel S Kozlov, Pedro Canas Silva, Pedro Gabriel Melo Barros E Silva, Pedro Píccaro de Oliveira, Pedro Carvalho, Pedro Modas, Pedro Rio, Peeyush Jain, Peiyu He, Peter A McCullough, Peter H Stone, Peter M Pollak, Peter Douglass, Peter Henriksen, Peter OKane, Peter Ong, Philip Jones, Philip Rogal, Philippe Généreux, Philippe Menasche, Philippe Rheault, Phoebe Goold, Pierre Gervais, Pierre Michaud, Pilar Calvillo, Ping Chai, Piotr Jakubowski, Piotr Pruszczyk, Piotr Slomka, Piyamitr Sritara, Poay-Huan Loh, Poonam Sonawane, Pouneh Samadi, Pragnesh P Parikh, Prakash Deedwania, Pranav M Patel, Praneeth Polamuri, Pratiksha Sharma, Precilia Vasquez, Preeti Kamath, Prince Thomas, Priyadarshani Arambam, Puja K Mehta, Purvez Grant, Pushpa Naik, Qi Zhong, Qian Zhao, Qiang Zhou, Qianqian Yuan, Qin Yu, Qingxian Li, Qiulan Xie, Qiutang Zeng, R J Vindhya, R James Gerlach, Rachel King, Rada Vučić, Radmila Lyubarova, Radoslaw Pracon, 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Jeffrey Kanters, Jeffrey Lorin, Jeffrey Moses, Jelena J Stepanovic, Jelena Celutkiene, Jelena Djokic, Jelena Stojkovic, Jenne M Jose, Jenne Manchery, Jennifer A Mull, Jennifer H Czerniak, Jennifer L Stanford, Jennifer Gillis, Jennifer Horst, Jennifer Isaacs, Jennifer Langdon, Jennifer Thomson, Jennifer Tomfohr, Jennifer White, Jen-Yuan Kuo, Jeremy Rautureau, Jerome Fleg, Jessica Berg, Jessica Rodriguez, Jessica Waldron, Jhina Patro, Jia Li, Jiajia Mao, Jiamin Liu, Jian'an Wang, Jianhua Li, Jianxin Zhang, Jie Qi, Jihyun Lyo, Jill Marcus, Jim Blankenship, Jing Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Jing-Yao Fan, Jiun-Yi Li, Jiwan Pradhan, Jiyan Chen, J M Rivera Caravaca, Jo Evans, Joan Garcia Picart, Joan Hecht, Joanna Jaroch, Joanna Zalewska, Joanne Kelly, Joanne Taaffe, João Reynaldo Abbud, João V Vitola, Joaquín V Peñafiel, Jocelyne Benatar, Jody Bindeman, Joe Sabik, Joel Klitch, Johann Christopher, Johannes Aspberg, John D Friedman, John F Beltrame, John F Heitner, John Joseph Graham, John R Davies, John Doan, John Kotter, John Kurian, John Mukai, John Pownall, Jolanta Sobolewska, Jon Kobashigawa, Jonathan L Goldberg, Jonathan W Bazeley, Jonathan Byrne, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Jonathan Leipsic, Jonean Thorsen, Jorge F Trejo Gutierrez, Jorge Escobedo, Jorik Timmer, José A Ortega-Ramírez, José Antonio Marin-Neto, Jose D Salas, Jose Enrique Castillo, Jose Francisco Saraiva, José J Cuenca-Castillo, Jose L Diez, José Luis Narro Villanueva, José Luiz da Vieira, José M Flores-Palacios, Jose Ramon Gonzalez, Jose Seijas Amigo, Jose Fragata, Josep Maria Padró, Josheph F X McGarvey Jr, Joseph Hannan, Joseph Sacco, Joseph Sweeny, Joseph Wiesel, Josephine D Abraham, Joshua P Loh, Joy Burkhardt, Joyce R White, Joyce Riestenberg-Smith, Judit Sebo, Judith L Meadows, Judith Wright, Judy Mae Foltz, Judy Hung, Judy Otis, Juergen Stumpf, Jui-Peng Tsai, Julia S Dionne, Julia de Aveiro Morata, Julie Bunke, Julie Morrow, Julio César Figal, Jun Fujita, Jun Jiang, Junhua Li, Junqing Yang, Juntima Euathrongchit, Jyotsna Garg, K Manjula Rani, K Preethi, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Kai Eggers, Kamalakar Surineni, Kanae Hirase, T R Kapilamoorthy, Karen Calfas, Karen Gratrix, Karen Hallett, Karen Hultberg, Karen Nugent, Karen Petrosyan, Karen Swan, Karolina Kryczka, Karolina Wojtczak-Soska, Karolina Wojtera, Karsten Lenk, Karthik Ramasamy, Katarzyna Łuczak, Katarzyna Malinowska, Kate Pointon, Kate Robb, Katherine Martin, Kathleen Claes, Kathryn Carruthers, Kathy E Siegel, Katia Drouin, Katie Fowler-Lehman, Kavita Rawat, Kay Rowe, Keiichi Fukuda, Keith A A Fox, Ken Mahaffey, Kendra Unterbrink, Kenneth Giedd, Kerrie Van Loo, Kerry Lee, Kerstin Bonin, Kevin R Bainey, Kevin T Harley, Kevin Anstrom, Kevin Chan, Kevin Croce, Kevin Landolfo, Kevin Marzo, Keyur Patel, Khaled Abdul-Nour, Khaled Alfakih, Khaled Dajani, Khaled Ziada, Khaula Baloch, Khrystyna Kushniriuk, Kian-Keong Poh, Kim F Ireland, Kim Holland, Kimberly Ann Byrne, Kimberly E Halverson, Kimberly Elmore, Kimberly Miller-Cox, Kiran Reddy, Kirsten J Quiles, Kirsty Abercrombie, Klaus Matschke, Konrad Szymczyk, Koo Hui Chan, Kotiboinna Preethi, Kozhaya Sokhon, Krissada Meemuk, Kristian Thygesen, Kristin M Salmi, Kristin Newby, Kristina Wippler, Kristine Arges, Kristine Teoh, Krystal Etherington, Krystyna Łoboz-Grudzień, Krzysztof W Reczuch, Krzysztof Bury, Krzysztof Drzymalski, Krzysztof Kukuła, Kuo-Tzu Sung, Kurt Huber, Ladda Douangvila, Lance Sullenberger, Larissa Miranda Trama, Laszlone Matics, Laura Drew, Laura Flint, Laura Keinaite, Laura Sarti, Laurel Kolakaluri, Lawrence M Phillips, Lawrence Friedman, Lawrence Phillips, Lazar Velicki, Leah Howell, Leandro C Maranan, Leanne Cox, Ledjalem Daba, Lei Zhang, Lekshmi Dharmarajan, Leo Bockeria, Leonardo Pizzol Caetano, Leonardo Bridi, Leonid L Bershtein, Leszek Sokalski, Li Hai Yan, Li Li, Lia Nijmeijer, Lidia Sousa, Lihong Xu, Lihua Zhang, Lili Zhang, Lilia Schiavi, Lilian Mazza Barbosa, Lillian L Khor, Lina Felix-Stern, Linda L Hall, Linda M Hollenweger, Linda Arcand, Linda Davidson-Ray, Linda Schwarz, Lindsey N Sikora, Lingping Chi, Lino Patricio, Liping Zhang, Lisa Chaytor, Lisa Hatch, Lisa McCloy, Lisa Wong, Liselotte Persson, Lixin Jiang, Liz Low, Ljiljana Pupic, Loïc Bière, Lorenzo Monti, Lori Christensen, Lori Pritchard, Loriane Black, Lori-Ann Desimone, Lori-Ann Larmand, Lorraine McGregor, Louise Morby, Louise Thomson, Luc Harvey, Luciana de Pádua Baptista, Lucilla Garcia, Ludivine Eliahou, Ludmila Helmer, Luis F Smidt, Luis Bernanrdes, Luis Guzman, Luiz A Carvalho, Luyang Xiong, Lynette L Teo, Lynn M Neeson, Lynne Winstanley, M Barbara Srichai-Parsia, M Quintana Giner, M Sowjanya Reddy, M Valdés Chávarri, M Grazia Rossi, Maarten Simoons, Maayan Konigstein, Maciej Lesiak, Maciej Olsowka, Mafalda Selas, Magalie Corfias, Magdalena Madero Rovalo, Magdalena Łanocha, Magdalena Miller, Magdalena Misztal-Teodorczyk, Magdalena Rantinella, Magdy Abdelhamid, Magnolia Jimenez, Mahboob Alam, Mahevamma Mylarappa, Mahfouz El Shahawy, Mahmoud Mohamed, Mahmud Al-Bustami, Majo X Joseph, Malgorzata Frach, Małgorzta Celińska-Spodar, Malte Helm, Manas Chacko, Mandy Murphy, Manitha Vinod, Manjula Rani, Manu Dhawan, Manuela Mombelli, Marcel Weber, Marcello Galvani, Marcelo Jamus Rodrigues, Marcia F Dubin, Marcia F Werner Bayer, Marcin Szkopiak, Marco Antonio Monsalve, Marco Bizzaro Santos, Marco Magnoni, Marco Marini, Marco Sicuro, Marco Zenati, Marcos Valério Coimbra Resende, Marek Roik, Margalit Bentzvi, Margaret Gilsenan, Margaret Iraola, Margot C Quinn, Maria A Alfonso, Maria Antonieta Pereira Moraes, María Dolores Martínez-Ruíz, María Fernanda Canales, Maria Inês Caetano, Maria P Corral, Maria Pérez García, Maria Victoria Actis, Maria Aguirre, Maria Andreasson, Maria Aprile, Maria Colton, Maria Eugenia Martin, Maria Lasala, Maria Lorenzo, Maria Posada, Maria Shier, Maria Thottam, Mariana V Furtado, Mariana Yumi Okada, Marianna D A Dracoulakis, Marianne De Andrade, Mariano Rubio, Marie Essermark, Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, Marija T Petrovic, Marija Zdravkovic, Marilyn Black, Marina Garcia, Mario J Garcia, Mariola Szulik, Marisa Orgera, Mark A de Belder, Mark Harbinson, Mark Hyun, Mark Peterson, Mark Xavier, Marlowe Mosley, Marta Capinha, Marta Marcinkiewicz-Siemion, Marta Swiderek, Martha Meyer, Martina Ceseri, Martina Tricoli, Marvin Kronenberg, Mary Williams, Mary Ann Champagne, Mary Colleen Rogge, Mary R Soltau, Mary Streif, Massimo Villella, Massoud Leesar, Matei Claudia, Mateusz Solecki, Matías Nicolás Mungo, Matthew Wall Jr, Matthew Budoff, Matthew Jezior, Matthew Luckie, Matthias Friedrich, Mauren P Haeffner, Maximilian Tscharre, Max-Paul Winter, Mayana Almeida, Mayil S Krishnam, Mayuri Patel, Meenakshi Mishra, Megan Manocchia, Meghana Kakade, Melanie J Munro, Melissa D Chaplin, Melissa LeFevre, Mervyn Andiapen, Michael A Gibson, Michael B Rubens, Michael C Turner, Michael D Shapiro, Michael W Lee, Michael Berlowitz, Michael Davidson, Michael Mack, Michael McDaniel, Michael Mumma, Michal Wlodarczyk, Michel G Khouri, Michel S Slama, Michele Rawlins, Michelle M Bonner, Michelle M Seib, Michelle Chang, Michelle Crowder, Michelle Dixon, Michelle Mayon, Michelle McEvoy, Michelle Yee, Miguel M Fernandes, Miguel Nobre Menezes, Miguel Souto Bayarri, Miguel Barrero, Mikhail T Torosoff, Milan R Dobric, Milan Dobric, Milica Nikola Dekleva, Milind Avdhoot Gadkari, Millie Gomez, Min Tun Kyaw, Miriam Brooks, Miroslav Stevo Martinovic, Mitchel B Lustre, Mohammad Tariq Vakani, Mohammad El-Hajjar, Mohammed Al-Amoodi, Mohammed Hussain, Mohammed Saleem, Moisés Blanco-Calvo, Moisés Jiménez-Santos, Mona Bhatia, Monica Rosca, Monika Laukyte, Montserrat Gracida Blanca, Montserrat Vila Perales, Mouaz H Al-Mallah, Moysés de Oliveira Filho, Mpiko Ntsekhe, Muhamed Saric, Mulei Chen, Myriam Brousseau, Myrthes Emy Takiuti, Nada Cemerlic-Adjic, Nadia Asif, Nadia Gakou, Nafisa Hussain, Nana O Katamadze, Nancy L Clapp, Nancy Aedy, Nandita Nataraj, Nanette K Wenger, Naomi Uchida, Nasrul Ismail, Natalia S Oliveira, Natalia de Carvalho Maffei, Natalie Spitzer, Natasha C Putnam, Naved Aslam, Neamat Mowafy, Neeraj Pandit, Neeraj Parakh, Nevena Garcevic, Ngaire Meadows, Nhi N Tran, Nicholas Danchin, Nicki Lakeman, Nicola Johnston, Nicolas W Shammas, Nicole Saint Vrestil, Nicole Deming, Nier Zhong, Niket Patel, Nikola N Boskovic, Nikolaos Karogiannis, Nikos Werner, Nina Johnston, Ning Zhang, Ning Zhou, Niree Hindoyan, Nirmal Kumar, Nitika Chadha, Nitish Naik, Nodira Aripova, Noloyiso Mtana, Nona A Eskelson, Noor Syamira Mokhtar, Noppon Taksaudom, Nor Asiah Basri, Nora Marchelletta, Norma Hogg, Nungshi Jungla, Nuno Ferreira, Oksana A Lubyanaya, Olga B Nikolaeva, Olga Cañavate, Olga Sobrino, Olga Walesiak, Olga Walter, Olga Zdończyk, Olivia J Lim, Olivia Anaya, Olivia Mancilla, Olivier Dubourg, Olugbenga Bello, Omar Almousalli, Omar Thompson, Oni Olurinde, Or Harel, Osama Raheem, Oscar Méndiz, Óscar Prada-Delgado, Oz Shapira, P Christian Schulze, Pachara Panpunuan, Pal Maurovich-Horvat, Pallav Garg, Paloma Moraga, Pam Singh, Pamela Julian, Pamela Ouyang, Pamela Sigel, Pamela Woodard, Panpan Zhou, Paola Emanuela Poggio, Paola Smanio, Paolo Calabro, Paramjit Jeetley, Pascal Goube, Patricia K Nguyen, Patricia Alarie, Patricia Arakelian, Patricia Arsenault, Patricia Blaise, Patricia Brito, Patricia Cowper, Patricia Endsley, Patricia Mieses, Patrick B Alexander, Patrick Donnelly, Patrick Wilmot, Patrycja Lebioda, Paul C Gordon, Paul Der Mesropian, Paul Galiwango, Paul Hauptman, Paul Kennedy, Paula Beardsley, Paula García-González, Paulo Cury Rezende, Paulo Ricardo Caramori, Pavel S Kozlov, Pedro Canas Silva, Pedro Gabriel Melo Barros E Silva, Pedro Píccaro de Oliveira, Pedro Carvalho, Pedro Modas, Pedro Rio, Peeyush Jain, Peiyu He, Peter A McCullough, Peter H Stone, Peter M Pollak, Peter Douglass, Peter Henriksen, Peter OKane, Peter Ong, Philip Jones, Philip Rogal, Philippe Généreux, Philippe Menasche, Philippe Rheault, Phoebe Goold, Pierre Gervais, Pierre Michaud, Pilar Calvillo, Ping Chai, Piotr Jakubowski, Piotr Pruszczyk, Piotr Slomka, Piyamitr Sritara, Poay-Huan Loh, Poonam Sonawane, Pouneh Samadi, Pragnesh P Parikh, Prakash Deedwania, Pranav M Patel, Praneeth Polamuri, Pratiksha Sharma, Precilia Vasquez, Preeti Kamath, Prince Thomas, Priyadarshani Arambam, Puja K Mehta, Purvez Grant, Pushpa Naik, Qi Zhong, Qian Zhao, Qiang Zhou, Qianqian Yuan, Qin Yu, Qingxian Li, Qiulan Xie, Qiutang Zeng, R J Vindhya, R James Gerlach, Rachel King, Rada Vučić, Radmila Lyubarova, Radoslaw Pracon, Raewyn Fisher, Rafael Beyar, Rafael Diaz, Rafael Selgas, Raffaele Bugiardini, Raffaele Fanelli, Raisa Kavalakkat, V S Rajalekshmi, Rajat S Barua, Rajeev Menon, Rajesh Gopalan Nair, Rajesh Francis, Rajiv Narang, Rakesh Yadav, Ralph Alan Huston, T Ramakrishnan, Ramesh de Silva, Rami El Mahmoud, Ramiro Carvalho, Ramon de Jesús-Pérez, Ramona Stevens, Ran Leng, Ranjan Kachru, Ranjit Kumar Nath, Raquel Sanchez, Raven R Dwyer, Raven Lee, Ray Wyman, Raymond C Wong, Raymond W Little, Raymundo Ocaranza Sanchez, Rebecca J Wimmer, Rebecca Bariciano, Rebecca Otis, Rebekah R Herrmann, Reem Yunis, Reinette Hampson, Renato Abdala Karam, Renee C Hessian, Renee Kaneshiro, Reshma Ravindran, Reto Andreas Gamma, Reyna Bhandari, Reza Arsanjani, Ricardo L Lopes, Ricardo Mendes Oliveira, Ricardo Costa, Richa Bhatt, Richard F Davies, Richard H J Trimlett, Richard Goldweit, Rik Hermanides, Rine Nakanishi, Rinu R Sidh, Risha Patel, Rita Coram, Rizwan A Siddiqui, Rob S Beanlands, Robert J Hamburger, Robert K Riezebos, Robert M Donnino, Robert Bojar, Robert Chilton, Robert Guyton, Robert Henderson, Robert Kornberg, Robert Leber, Robert Mao, Robert Stenberg, Roberta P Santos, Roberto René Favaloro, Roberto Amati, Rodolfo G S D Lima, Rodrigo J Cerci, Rogerio Tumelero, Rohit Tandon, Roma Tewari, Romalisa Miranda-Peats, Ron Wald, Ronald A Mastouri, Ronald G Morford, Ronald G Schwartz, Ronald P Pedalino, Rongrong Hu, Ronnell A Hansen, Ronny A Cohen, Rory Hachamovitch, Rosa Homem, Rosa Sandonato, Rosane Laimer, Rosann Gans, Roxanne Yost, Roy Mathew, Rubén Baleón-Espinosa, Ruben Ramos, Rubine Gevorgyan, Rui Ferreira, Rui Jing, Ruth Pérez-Fernández, S K Dwivedi, S Ramakrishnan, Saadat Khan, Sabahat Bokhari, Sabu Thomas, Sadath Lubna, Sajeeda Parveen Khan, Sajeev Chakanalil Govindan, Saket Girotra, Saleem Kassam, Sallie Canada, Salvador Cruz-Flores, Samaa Mohamed, Samantha Ly, Sameh El Kaffas, Samia Massalha, Sampoornima Setty, Samuel Nwosu, Sandeep Seth, Sandeep Singh, Sander R Niehe, Sandra M Rivest, Sandra S Zier, Sandra Ahoud, Sandy Carr, Sanjay Ganapathi, Sanjay Shetty, Sanjeev Sharma, Santa Jimenez, Santhosh Satheesh, Santiago A Garcia, Sara Fernandez, Sara Karlsson, Sara Salkind, Sara Temiyasathit, Sarah Medina Rodriguez, Sarah Beaudry, Sarah Hadjih, Sarah Williams, Sarah Zahrani, Sarju Ralhan, Sasa Hinic, Sasko Kedev, Satinder Singh, Satoshi Yasuda, Satvic Cholenahally Manjunath, Sau Lee, Scott M Kaczkowski, Scott Kinlay, Sean W Hayes, Sebastian Sobczak, Senait Asier, Sergey A Sayganov, Seth I Sokol, Shaheen Pandie, Shaiful Azmi Yahaya, Shamir Mehta, Shao-Ping Nie, Sharad Chandra, Sharder Islam, Sharon Tai, Sheetal Rupesh Karwa, Sheri Ussery, Sheromani Bajaj, Sherron C Crook, Shigeyuki Nishimura, Shintaro Nakano, Shirin Heydari, Shiv Kumar Choudhary, Shivali Patel, Shobana Ganesan, Shruti Pandey, Shuyang Zhang, Shweta Hande, Siddharth Gadage, Sik-Yin V Tan, Silvia Zottis Poletti, Silvia Riera, Silvia Valbuena, Simon Walsh, Simona Maspoli, Simone Savaris, Si-Ting Feng, So Yang Cho, Solomon Yakubov, Songlin Zhu, Songtao Wang, Sonia Guerrero, Sonika Gupta, Sonja Salinger Martinovic, Sonya Brons, Sorin Brener, Sothinathan Gurunathan, Souheil Saba, Soundarya Nayak, Sowjanya Reddy, Srinivasa Potluri, Sriram Sudarshan, Srun Kuanprasert, Stacie Van Oosterhout, Stamatios Lerakis, Stanley E Cobos, Stefan C Bertog, Stefan M Simović, Stefan Weikl, Stefano Di Marco, Stefano Provasoli, Stephanie A Tirado, Stephanie C Boer, Stephanie M Lane, Stephanie Ferket, Stephanie Kelly, Stephanie Wasmiller, Stephen H McKellar, Stephen P Hoole, Stephen Fremes, Stephen Preston, Steve Leung, Steven A Fein, Steven J Lindsay, Steven P Sedlis, Steven Giovannone, Steven Michael, Steven Weitz, Stijn van Vugt, Subhash Banerjee, Sudhir Naik, Suellen Hosino, Sukie Desire, Sukit Yamwong, Suku T Thambar, Sulagna Mookherjee, Suman Singh, Sundeep Mishra, Sunil Kumar Verma, Supap Kulthawong, Supatchara Khwakhong, Surendra Naik, Suresh Babu, Surin Woragidpoonpol, Suryaprakash Narayanappa, Susan Derbyshire, Susan Gent, Susan Mathus, Susan Milbrandt, Susan Moore, Susan Regan, Susan Stinson, Susan Webber, Susana Silva, Susanna Stevens, Susanne Gruensfelder, Suthara Aramcharoen, Suvarna Kolhe, Suzana Tavares, Suzanne Arnold, Suzanne Welsh, Svetlana Apostolovic, Swapna Kunhunny, Ta-Chuan Hung, Taissa Zappernick, Tali Sharir, Talita Silva, Tamara Colaiácovo Soares, Tapan Umesh Pillay, Tarun K Mittal, Tatiana Trifonova, Tauane Bello Duarte, Tauqir Huk, Téodora Dutoiu, Terrance Chua, Terry Weyand, Thabitha Charles, Theodoros Kofidis, Theresa McCreary, Thierry Lefevre, Thippeekaa Arumairajah, Thitipong Tepsuwan, Thomas J Mulhearn, Thomas M Meyer, Thomas P Rocco, Thomas R Downes, Thomas Crain, Thomas Haldis, Thomas Mathew, Thomas Redick, Thounaojam Indira Devi, Thuraia Nageh, Tia Cauthren, Tiago Silva, Tiffany Little, Tijana Andric, Tina Harding, Titus Lau, Tiziana Formisano, Tiziano Moccetti, Tomasz Ciurus, Tomasz Mazurek, Tomasz Tarchalski, Toshiyuki Nagai, Tri Tran, Tricia Youn, Trish Tucker, Trudie Milner, Tuhina Bose, Tushar Kotecha, Udo Sechtem, Uma S Valeti, Umberto Cucchini, Umesh Badami, Upendra Kaul, V K Bahl, V S Narain, Valentina Casali, Valeria Godoy, Valerie Robesyn, Vamshi P Priya, Vandana Yadav, Vera McKinney, Veronica De Lenges, Veronica Tinnirello, Vicente Miro, Victor Navarro, Victoria Gumerova, Victoria Hernandez, Vidya Seeratan, Vijay Kumar, Vikentiy Y Kozulin, Viktoria Bulkley, Vilmar Veiga Jr, Vincent Setang, C P Vineeth, Virginai Pubull Nuñez, Virginia Fernández-Figares, Vitor Gomes, Viviana Gabriel, Viviane Dos Santos, Viviane Almeida, Vlad A Iliescu, Vladan Mudrenovic, Vladimir Dzavik, Vojislav L Giga, Walter Enrique Mogrovejo, Wan Xian Chan, Wanda C Marfori, Wanda Parker, Warangkana Mekara, Wassim Nona, Wayne Old, Wayne Pennachi, Weerachai Nawarawong, Wei Chen, Wei Su, Weibing Xing, Wei-Ren Lan, Wenda Crawford, Wendy L Stewart, Wendy Drewes, Wenhua Lin, William B Abernethy, William D Salerno, William F Fearon, William Vergoni, William Weintraub, Winnie C Sia, Wlodzimierz J Musial, Xacobe Flores-Ríos, Xavier Garcia-Moll Marimon, Xi Su, Xiang Ma, Xiangqiong Gu, Xiao Wang, Xiaomei Li, Xiaowei Yao, Xin Fu, Xin Su, Xin Zeng, Xinchun Yang, Xiuhong Li, Xuehua Fang, Xutong Wang, Yaming Geng, Yan Yan, Yanek Pépin-Dubois, Yanfu Wang, Yang Wang, Yanmeng Tian, Yaping Huang, Yechen Han, Yesenia Zambrano, Yi-Hsuan Yang, Ying Tung Sia, Yining Yang, Yitong Ma, Yolayfi Peralta, Yongjian Wu, Yu Kunwu, Yu Zhao, Yudong Peng, Yueh-Hung Lin, Yulan Zhao, Yumei Dong, Yunhai Zhao, Yutthaphan Wannasopha, Yvonne Taul, Zakir Sahul, Zalina Kudzoeva, Zbigniew Kalarus, Zeljko Z Markovic, Zhen Huang, Zheng Ji, Zhenyu Liu, Zhou Yue, Zhulin Zhang, Zhuxi Li, Zile Singh Meharwal, Ziliang Bai, Zixiang Yu, Zohra Huda, Zoltan Davidovits
Subjects: Male, Cardiac Catheterization, Computed Tomography Angiography, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Ischemia, Coronary Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, ISCHEMIA Research Group, law.invention, Angina, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Revascularization, 030212 general & internal medicine, Coronary Artery Bypass, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiac catheterization, General Medicine, Middle Aged, humanities, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology, Female, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Ischemia, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Geriatric cardiology, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Angina, Unstable, Aged, business.industry, Coronary Artery Bypa, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Bayes Theorem, medicine.disease, Heart failure, Quality of Life, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS: We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, -1.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ISCHEMIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01471522.).
Published: 2020

36. Adaptative hormonal response in athletes during indoor volleyball practice. An approach from sports endocrinology

Author: Jorge Andrés Barrero and María Alejandra Barrero
Subjects: Efectos fisiológicos, Hidrocortisona, General Medicine, Testosterona
Abstract: Introducción: Los cambios en el patrón de secreción hormonal constituyen uno de los principales mecanismos de regulación homeostática, en respuesta al ejercicio físico. Pese a que en los deportes de contacto se ha observado un aumento considerable en los marcadores séricos de estrés, la ausencia de contacto físico entre jugadores genera incertidumbre frente a la posibilidad de que, la respuesta endocrina, durante la práctica del voleibol de piso, sea poco significativa. Objetivo: La presente investigación desarrolla una revisión bibliográfica de la respuesta hormonal adaptativa en voleibolistas antes, durante y posterior a sesiones de práctica de voleibol de piso, así como en condiciones basales, en comparación con sujetos sedentarios. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y ScienceDirect de estudios reportados hasta junio del 2021. Resultados: Diez estudios fueron incluidos, a partir, de los cuales, se observó que los voleibolistas exhiben niveles elevados de cortisol, testosterona y GH, posterior a sesiones de práctica. Los cambios en la concentración de IGF-1 al igual que el efecto del entrenamiento sobre la respuesta endocrina, mostraron resultados contradictorios. Conclusiones: Aun cuando el cortisol, la testosterona y la GH aumentan después de sesiones de juego, este incremento parece ser mayor en las primeras semanas de temporada de competencia para el cortisol y mayor en las últimas semanas, para la testosterona y la GH. Determinar si el entrenamiento regular logra modular la respuesta endocrina durante las sesiones de juego de voleibol de piso, permanece sujeto a futuras investigaciones Introduction: Changes in the hormonal secretion pattern constitute one of the main homeostatic regulatory mechanisms in response to physical activity. Although a considerable increase in serum stress markers has been documented during contact sports practice, the absence of physical contact between volleyball players generates uncertainty about the possibility that the endocrine response during indoor volleyball practice may not be significant. Objective:This investigation develops a review of the adaptive hormonal response in volleyball players before, during and/or after indoor volleyball practice sessions as well as in basal conditions in comparison with sedentary subjects. Methodology: A literature review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases covering studies reported until June 2021. Results: Ten studies were included, from which it was observed that volleyball players exhibit elevated levels of cortisol, testosterone and GH following practice sessions. Changes in IGF-1 concentration as well as the effect of training on endocrine response showed conflicting results. Conclusion: Although cortisol, testosterone and GH increase after practice sessions, this increase seems higher in the first weeks of the competition season for cortisol, and in the last weeks for testosterone and GH. Whether regular training is successful in modulating the endocrine response during indoor volleyball practice sessions remains subject to future research. Incluye referencias bibliográficas
Published: 2022

37. Educación en pandemia: variables de reflexión, retos y oportunidades

Author: Diego Gutiérrez Chaparro and Nydia Esperanza Espinel Barrero
Subjects: recursos, LC8-6691, estudiante virtual, retos educativos, pandemia, docente virtual, General Medicine, educación virtual, Special aspects of education, Education
Abstract: El artículo expone algunas reflexiones sobre cuatro variables contempladas dentro del proceso de educación virtual que vivimos hoy día: el acceso a los recursos, el rol del estudiante virtual, las habilidades tecnológicas de los docentes y el comportamiento en un mundo digital. Este desarrollo de lo educativo, permite determinar que si bien las instituciones educativas no estaban preparadas para asumir el desafío de la educación virtual, existen retos y oportunidades de mejoramiento pedagógico, didáctico y tecnológico tanto para los docentes, como para los estudiantes, y por ende, para el sistema educativo.
Published: 2021

38. COVID-19 Is a Persistent Reallocation Shock

Author: Brent Meyer, Nicholas Bloom, Jose Maria Barrero, and Steven J. Davis
Subjects: 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics, Work from home, 05 social sciences, Labor demand, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics, Diversification (finance), Employment growth, General Medicine, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics|Macroeconomics, Shock (economics), bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics|Labor Economics, 0502 economics and business, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, Economics, Revenue, Demographic economics, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics|Macroeconomics, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, 050207 economics, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics|Labor Economics, 050205 econometrics
Abstract: Drawing on data from the firm-level Survey of Business Uncertainty, we present three pieces of evidence that COVID-19 is a persistent reallocation shock. First, rates of excess job and sales reallocation over 24-month periods have risen sharply since the pandemic struck, especially for sales. We compute these rates by aggregating over monthly firm-level observations that look back 12 months and ahead 12 months. Second, as of December 2020, firm-level forecasts of sales revenue growth over the next year imply a continuation of recent changes, not a reversal. Third, COVID-19 shifted relative employment growth trends in favor of industries with a high capacity of employees to work from home, and against those with a low capacity.
Published: 2021

39. Feasibility of family-directed home-based bimanual intensive therapy combined with modified constraint induced movement therapy (h-BITmCI) in very low and low bimanual functional level: A brief report

Author: Rocío Palomo-Carrión, Helena Romay-Barrero, Cristina Lirio-Romero, Rubén Arroyo-Fernádez, Marta M-Guijarro-Herraiz, and Asunción Ferri-Morales
Subjects: Developmental Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, General Medicine
Abstract: To examine the feasibility of a home-based hybrid Bimanual-Intensive-Therapy combined with modified Constraint-Induced-Movement-Therapy (h-BITmCI) in children with spastic unilateral cerebral palsy (SUCP) with low and very low bimanual functional level.A single-group of 10 children aged 5-8 years old, performed the hybrid home Bimanual-Intensive-Therapy (BIT, 80 hours) combined with modified Constraint-Induced-Movement-Therapy (mCIMT, 20 hours): h-BITmCI. Thus, Bimanual Functional Performance (BFP), Quality of Life (QoL) and expectations from families were measured through the Assisting Hand Assessment, (AHA), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, for Cerebral Palsy, (PedsQLTen children completed the study with an average of 77-hours-BIT and 17-hours-mCIMT. None of the participants dropped out of the study during the follow-up process, and the parents' expectations were fulfilled, indicating high caregiver compliance. During the first 80 hours of BIT, a mean increase of 3.7 AHA units was obtained for the BFP (p = 1.00) and 1.64 points in the QoL (p = 1.00). Clinically relevant changes were observed in the last two weeks (20 hours mCIMT) with a mean increase of 10.6 AHA units in BFP and 6.29 points in QoL (p .001).h-BITmCI protocol is feasible to be performed at home with the family's involvement, obtaining the greatest improvements after 100 hours of both therapies. Thus, mCIMT would be a relevant condition to increase the affected upper limb functionality, rather than the dosage used to obtain clinically relevant changes.
Published: 2022

40. Adaptación de las técnicas de Earned Value Management y Earned Schedule a los procesos de control del Departamento de Planeación de la Escuela Militar de Suboficiales 'Sargento Inocencio Chincá'

Author: Rubén Darley Cristancho Cuestas, Diego Alejandro Sanabria Peña, and Julián Enrique Barrero García
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: El presente artículo de investigación pretende socializar y presentar la adaptación de las técnicas de Earned Value Management (EVM) o gestión del valor ganado, como Earned Schedule (ES) o cronograma ganado en los procesos de control del Departamento de Planeación de la Escuela Militar de Suboficiales “Sargento Inocencio Chincá” (EMSUB). Reconociendo estas técnicas para el monitoreo y control de proyectos, las cuales permiten conocer su estado actual, comparándolo con la línea base para la medición del desempeño, además de generar pronósticos con base en el trabajo realizado hasta el momento. El objetivo de esta investigación es adaptar estas técnicas a los procesos de control del departamento de planeación de la EMSUB, para lo cual se utilizó “The Standard for Earned Value Management” del Project Management Institute, en el que se describe el proceso de aplicación de esta técnica, para luego analizar cuáles indicadores se podrían utilizar y serían útiles para el proceso de control. Finalmente se adaptaron las técnicas con base en las necesidades del departamento. Como resultado de la investigación se estableció que los indicadores de costo de la herramienta no eran aplicables a esta dependencia, por esta razón sólo se usaron indicadores de cronograma y alcance. Se entregó un Dashboard de Control al Departamento de Planeación con los indicadores claves de EVM y ES, lo cual mejoró significativamente los indicadores de tiempo y alcance de un periodo a otro.
Published: 2022

41. Long-term prognosis communication preferences in early-stage relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Author: Tamara Castillo-Triviño, Rocío Gómez-Ballesteros, Mónica Borges, Jesús Martín-Martínez, Javier Sotoca, Ana Alonso, Ana B. Caminero, Laura Borrega, José L. Sánchez-Menoyo, Francisco J. Barrero-Hernández, Carmen Calles, Luis Brieva, María R. Blasco-Quílez, Julio Dotor García-Soto, María del Campo-Amigo, Laura Navarro-Cantó, Eduardo Agüera, Moisés Garcés-Redondo, Olga Carmona, Laura Gabaldón-Torres, Lucía Forero, Mariona Hervás, Jorge Mauriño, and Susana Sainz de la Maza
Subjects: Adult, Male, Multiple Sclerosis, Patients’ preferences, Long-term prognosis communication, Communication, Patients ? preferences, Early-stage, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Young Adult, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting, Neurology, Quality of Life, Humans, Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Female, Neurology (clinical), Shared decision-making
Abstract: Background: Multiple sclerosis is one of the most common causes of neurological disability in young adults with major consequences for their future lives. Improving communication strategies on prognosis may help patients deal with the disease and adjust their long-term life goals. However, there is limited information on patients' preferences of long-term prognosis (LTP) communication and associated factors. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe patients' preferences and assess the factors associated with LTP communication preferences in early-stage relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. Methods: A multicenter, non-interventional study was conducted. Adult patients with a diagnosis of RRMS, a disease duration from first attack
Published: 2022

42. Pharmacogenetics of siponimod: A systematic review

Author: Xando Díaz-Villamarín, Raquel Piñar-Morales, Francisco Javier Barrero-Hernández, Alba Antúnez-Rodríguez, José Cabeza-Barrera, and Rocío Morón-Romero
Subjects: Pharmacology, Multiple sclerosis, CYP2C9, Genotype, Pharmacogenetics, Benzyl Compounds, Mayzent, Azetidines, General Medicine, Siponimod, Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9
Abstract: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory neurological disease, and siponimod (Mayzent) is the first oral treatment option for adult patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. We performed a systematic review of the pharmacogenetics of Siponimod, and we found that (430 C>T; rs1799853) and CYP2C9 * 3 (1075 A>C; rs1057910), both translated no-function alleles, have been related to a lower metabolism of siponimod by CYP2C9 enzyme. The FDA-approved drug label and EMA risk management plan for siponimod require testing patients for CYP2C9 genotype before treatment starts. The FDA drug label states that siponimod is contraindicated in patients carrying a CYP2C9 * 3/* 3 genotype, and a daily maintenance dose of 1 mg in patients with CYP2C9 * 1/* 3 and * 2/* 3 genotypes. The EMA reported the potential long-term safety implications in CYP2C9 poor metabolizer patients treated with this drug. Based on this systematic review we concluded that CYP2C9 SNPs influence on siponimod response might be stated by assessing not only CYP2C9 * 2 and CYP2C9 * 3 but other genetic variants resulting in CYP2C9 IM/PM status. CYP2C9 IM phenotype translated from the CYP2C9 * 2 genotype should be revised since it is contradictory compared to other CYP2C9 no-function alleles, and CYP2C9 * 2 might be excluded from PGx testing recommendation before treatment starts with siponimod since it is not translated into a therapeutic recommendation.
Published: 2022

43. Understanding Breast Cancer Aggressiveness and Its Implications in Diagnosis and Treatment

Author: Nader Afifi and Carlos A. Barrero
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common form of cancer in women worldwide [...]
Published: 2023

44. Bloqueo AV en un paciente joven secundario a tumor quístico del nodo auriculoventricular

Author: Luis Cabezón-Gutiérrez, Eduardo Alegría-Barrero, and Laura Espinosa-Pinzón
Subjects: business.industry, Medicine, General Medicine, Nuclear medicine, business
Published: 2021

45. El arte es el espíritu de las cosas que se construyen

Author: ERNESTO GUTIERREZ BARRERO
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: En este artículo me propongo pensar el sentido del arte en la educación o el sentido de su enseñanza en nuestro sistema educativo. Son afirmaciones que me han permitido buscar la impronta del espíritu en lo que construyo, mi acción como docente y también como buscador (a veces como investigador, pero más en su etimología, el que va tras las huellas, que para los Yoruba es el que busca o ẹrọ wiwa).
Published: 2020

46. Aplicação dos princípios éticos da psicologia em um exercício de formação acadêmica sobre a elaboração, validação e aplicação de um instrumento psicométrico

Author: Ortiz-Barrero, Melissa and Matar-Khalil, Shadye
Subjects: diseño de pruebas psicométricas, evaluation, formación en psicología, ética, princípios éticos, principios éticos, aplicação de testes psicométricos, Ethical principles, elaboração de testes psicométricos, General Medicine, evaluación, ethics, formação em psicologia, application of psychometric tests, training in psychology, avaliação, aplicación de pruebas psicométricas, design of psychometric tests
Abstract: Resumen La formación ética y responsable de profesionales en psicología implica reconocer que la comprensión y la aplicación de los principios éticos no solo se deben realizar en el ejercicio profesional, sino también desde el desarrollo de actividades y prácticas durante el proceso de formación académica, en diversos cursos del currículo de los programas de psicología. En Colombia se ha establecido la beneficencia, la no maleficencia, la justicia, la autonomía y la integridad como los cinco criterios de decisión más importantes que deben guiar el quehacer profesional. El presente estudio busca conocer cómo una muestra de estudiantes de psicología comprende y pone en práctica los principios éticos en el desarrollo de un ejercicio académico de diseño, aplicación y análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento. Para ello, se realizó un estudio cualitativo con 200 estudiantes de psicología que se encontraban cursando la asignatura de Psicometría durante el segundo semestre de 2020. En algunos casos se observó desconocimiento de los principios éticos, y, por lo tanto, dificultades en su apropiación y aplicación, lo cual llevó a reflexionar sobre el aprendizaje de estos aspectos desde el macro y microcurrículo en los programas de psicología. Además, este tipo de investigaciones permite sensibilizar respecto al manejo ético de las pruebas psicológicas, tanto en su proceso de diseño como de aplicación. Abstract The ethical and responsible training of professionals in psychology implies recognizing that the understanding and application of ethical principles should not only be carried out in professional practice but also during the development of academic and practical activities in various courses of the curriculum of psychology programs. In Colombia, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, autonomy, and integrity have been established as the five most important decision criteria that should guide professional work. The present study seeks to know how a sample of psychology students understands and puts into practice the ethical principles in the development of an academic exercise of the design, application, and analysis of the psychometric properties of an instrument. A qualitative study was carried out with 200 psychology students who were taking the psychometry course during the second semester of 2020. In some cases, there was a lack of knowledge of ethical principles and, therefore, difficulties in their appropriation and application, which led to the reflection of these aspects' learning from the perspective of the macro- and microcurriculum in psychology programs. In addition, this type of research allows raising awareness about the ethical management of psychological tests both in their design and application. Resumo A formação ética e responsável do profissional em Psicologia implica reconhecer que a compreensão e aplicação dos princípios éticos não devem ser realizadas apenas na prática profissional, mas a partir do desenvolvimento de atividades acadêmicas e práticas durante o processo de formação acadêmica de toda a grade curricular dos programas de psicologia. Na Colômbia, beneficência, não maleficência, justiça, autonomia e integridade foram estabelecidas como os cinco critérios de decisão mais importantes que devem nortear o trabalho profissional. O presente estudo busca saber como uma amostra de estudantes de psicologia entende e coloca em prática os princípios éticos no desenvolvimento de um exercício acadêmico de elaboração, aplicação e análise das propriedades psicométricas de um instrumento. Realiza-se um estudo qualitativo com 200 alunos de psicologia que cursavam a disciplina de psicometria durante o segundo semestre de 2020. Em alguns casos há desconhecimento dos princípios éticos e, por conseguinte, dificuldades na sua apropriação e aplicação; o que nos leva a refletir sobre a aprendizagem desses aspectos a partir dos macro e micro currículos nos programas de psicologia, além disso, esse tipo de pesquisa permite a conscientização sobre a gestão ética dos testes psicológicos tanto na sua elaboração quanto no processo de aplicação.
Published: 2022

47. Degree of Sagittal Suture Fusion, Cephalic Index, and Head Shape in Nonsyndromic Sagittal Craniosynostosis

Author: Dillan F. Villavisanis, Jessica D. Blum, Daniel Y. Cho, Carlos Barrero, Sameer Shakir, Hyun-Duck Nah, Jordan W. Swanson, Jesse A. Taylor, and Scott P. Bartlett
Subjects: Male, Craniosynostoses, Otorhinolaryngology, Jaw Abnormalities, Sutures, Humans, Infant, Surgery, General Medicine, Cranial Sutures, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Sagittal craniosynostosis may present with complete or partial fusion of the sagittal suture, but relationships between degree of sagittal suture fusion and head shape are currently poorly described. The aim of this study was to characterize sagittal suture fusion patterns and determine associations with head shape in a cohort of patients with nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis.Patients with nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis at a tertiary care center with available computed tomography imaging were included in this study. The anterior and posterior distances of sagittal suture patency were measured along 3-dimensional parietal bones. Degree of sagittal suture fusion was compared to head shape characteristics, including cephalic index (CI), frontal bossing, and occipital bulleting.Ninety patients (69 male) were included in this retrospective study. The sagittal suture was on average 85.6±20.1% fused, and 45 (50.0%) patients demonstrated complete fusion of the sagittal suture. CI was associated with increased degree of fusion for the anterior one-half (ρ=0.26, P =0.033) and anterior one-third (ρ=0.30, P =0.012) of the sagittal suture. Complete fusion of the anterior one-third of the sagittal suture predicted higher CI (β=13.86, SE=6.99, z =-0.25, P =0.047). Total degree of sagittal suture fusion was not predictive of CI or head shape in any analysis.Decreased fusion of the anterior one-third of the sagittal suture, but not total suture, may paradoxically predict increased severity of scaphocephaly as quantified by CI in nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis.
Published: 2022

48. Wind farm noise shifts vocalizations of a threatened shrub-steppe passerine

Author: Julia Gómez-Catasús, Adrián Barrero, Diego Llusia, Carlos Iglesias-Merchan, Juan Traba, and UAM. Departamento de Ecología
Subjects: Male, Acoustic signal detection, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Turbine noise, Vocalization structure, Acoustics, General Medicine, Toxicology, Pollution, Noise masking, Vocalization adjustments, Medio Ambiente, Animals, Passeriformes, Noise
Abstract: Wind energy has experienced a notable development during the last decades, driving new challenges for animal communities. Although bird collisions with wind turbines and spatial displacement due to disturbance have been widely described in the literature, other potential impacts remain unclear. In this study, we addressed the effect of turbine noise on the vocal behaviour of a threatened shrub-steppe passerine highly dependent on acoustic communication, the Dupont's lark Chersophilus duponti. Based on directional recordings of 49 calling and singing males exposed to a gradient of turbine noise level (from 15 up to 51 dBA), we tested for differences in signal diversity, redundancy, and complexity, as well as temporal and spectral characteristics of their vocalizations (particularly the characteristic whistle). Our results unveiled that Dupont's lark males varied the vocal structure when subject to turbine noise, by increasing the probability of emitting more complex whistles (with increased number of notes) and shifting the dominant note (emphasizing the longest and higher-pitched note). In addition, males increased duration and minimum frequency of specific notes of the whistle, while repertoire size and signal redundancy remain constant. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting multiple and complex responses on the vocal repertoire of animals exposed to turbine noise and unveiling a shift of the dominant note in response to anthropogenic noise in general. These findings suggest that the Dupont's lark exhibits some level of phenotypic plasticity, which might enable the species to cope with noisy environments, although the vocal adjustments observed might have associated costs or alter the functionality of the signal. Future wind energy projects must include fine-scale noise assessments to quantify the consequences of chronic noise exposure, This work was supported by the European Commission (Life-Ricotí project LIFE15-NAT-ES-000802); the BBVA Foundation (BBVA-Dron Ricotí project); and the Community of Madrid (project REMEDINAL-3). DL also acknowledges a postdoctoral grant provided by Community of Madrid (2020-T1/AMB-20636, Programa de Atraccion ´ de Talento investigador, Spain)
Published: 2022

49. Cardiac amyloidosis and left atrial appendage closure. The CAMYLAAC Study

Author: Ignacio J. Amat-Santos, José R. Delgado-Arana, Ignacio Cruz-González, Hipólito Gutiérrez, Ignacio García-Bolao, Xavier Millán, Gabriela Tirado-Conte, Juan Miguel Ruiz-Nodar, Mohsen Mohandes, Jorge Palazuelos, Francisco Torres Saura, Raquel Del Valle, Ernesto Valero Picher, Jean Carlos Núñez García, Itziar Gómez, Ramón Albarrán Rincón, Dabit Arzamendi, Luis Nombela-Franco, Liza Korniiko, Alejandro Barrero, Sandra Santos-Martínez, Ana Serrador, and J. Alberto San Román
Subjects: Stroke, Hemorragias, Amiloidosis cardiaca, Bleeding, Heart failure, Left atrial appendage closure, General Medicine, Cardiac amyloidosis, Cierre de orejuela izquierda, Ictus, Insuficiencia cardiaca
Abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) patients often have atrial fibrillation and increased bleeding/thrombogenic risks. We aimed to evaluate outcomes of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) compared with patients without a known diagnosis of CA.; METHODS: Comparison at long-term of patients diagnosed with ATTR-CA who underwent LAAC between 2009 and 2020 and those without a known diagnosis ofCA.; RESULTS: We studied a total of 1159 patients. Forty patients (3.5%) were diagnosed with ATTR-CA; these patients were older and had more comorbidities, higher HAS-BLED and CHA2DS2-VASc scores, and lower left ventricular function. Successful LAAC was achieved in 1137 patients (98.1%) with no differences between groups. Regarding in-hospital and follow-up complications, there were no differences between the groups in ischemic stroke (5% vs 2.5% in those without a known diagnosis of CA; P=.283), hemorrhagic stroke (2.5% and 0.8% in the control group; P=.284), major or minor bleeding. At the 2-year follow-up, there were no significant differences in mortality (ATTR-CA: 20% vs those without known CA: 13.6%, 0.248); however, the at 5-year follow-up, ATTR-CA patients had higher mortality (40% vs 19.2%; P< .001) but this difference was unrelated to hemorrhagic complications or ischemic stroke.; CONCLUSIONS: LAAC could reduce the risk of bleeding complications and ischemic cerebrovascular events without increasing the rate of early or mid-term complications. Although long-term survival was impaired in ATTR-CA patients, it was comparable to that of patients without a known diagnosis of CA at the 2-year follow-up, suggesting that LAAC for patients with ATTR-CA might not be futile. Copyright © 2022 Sociedad Espanola de Cardiologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
Published: 2022

50. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Soufiane Boufous, Yousef Veisani, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Edward J Mills, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, William James Dangel, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Catherine O. Johnson, Gregory A. Roth, Giuseppe Gorini, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Alberto Ortiz, Samad Azari, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew Gebreslassie, Salime Goharinezhad, Stephanie R. M. Zimsen, Peng Zheng, Michael Assmus, Elisabetta Pupillo, Bach Xuan Tran, Lal B. Rawal, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Noushin Mohammadifard, Stephen S Lim, Ata Rafiee, Maria Inês Schmidt, Vincent C. Iannucci, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Leah E. Cahill, Tauseef Ahmad, Platon D. Lopukhov, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Abdullah Al Mamun, Iqbal R. F. Elyazar, Giovanni Damiani, Mohammad Hossein Bakhshaei, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Virginia Núñez-Samudio, Alyssa Pennini, Dietrich Plass, Atkilt Esaiyas Etisso, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Alexandrea Watson, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Paul S Briant, Frank B. Osei, Blair R. Bumgarner, Maciej Banach, Ravensara S. Travillian, Kai-Lan Chang, Shirin Djalalinia, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Silvano Gallus, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Bernhard T. Baune, Aaron van Donkelaar, Azeem Majeed, Hans Kromhout, Robert Ancuceanu, Blessing J. Akombi, Pushpendra Singh, Nayu Ikeda, William M. Gardner, Zahid A Butt, Mohammad Abdollahi, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Rahman Shiri, Benn Sartorius, Ai-Min Wu, Bing Fang Hwang, Flavia M. Cicuttini, Hiroyasu Iso, Luis Camera, Amin Soheili, Félix Carvalho, Yun Jin Kim, Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Iman Halvaei, Saqib Ali, Giulio Castelpietra, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Parkes J Kendrick, Hamidreza Haririan, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Jeff T. Zhao, Samiah Alam, Sorin Hostiuc, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Behzad Karami Matin, Cyrus Alinia, Takahiro Tabuchi, Manu Raj Mathur, Søren Thorgaard Skou, Thomas Khaled Dwayne Classen, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Massimo Cirillo, Nikita Otstavnov, Mehdi Bohluli, Ruth W. Kimokoti, Animut Tagele Tamiru, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Itamar S. Santos, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Lars Johansson, Arielle Wilder Eagan, Nevine El Nahas, Silvia Schiavolin, Kevin D. Shield, Dinh-Toi Chu, Shiva Borzouei, Paul S. F. Yip, Beatrix Haddock, Gianfranco Alicandro, Vasily Vlassov, Deanna Anderlini, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Farahnaz Joukar, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Ratilal Lalloo, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Rohollah Kalhor, Daniel Youngwhan Cho, Weijia Fu, João Pedro Silva, Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suarez, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Mehdi Ahmadi, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, José Neves, Gaorui Guo, Tomas Y. Yeheyis, John S. Ji, Charles D. H. Parry, Maryam Ghadimi, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Serge Resnikoff, Anna E. Torre, Vinod C Nayak, Jamileh Shadid, Susanne Breitner, Mohammad Khammarnia, Mathilde Touvier, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Hosna Janjani, Floriane Ausloos, Irmina Maria Michalek, Alexandra S. Boon-Dooley, Jessica A. Cruz, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Abiodun M. Adeoye, André Faro, Bartosz Miazgowski, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Erin C Mullany, Giannina Ferrara, Martin McKee, Emmanuel Peprah, Oommen John, Reza Saeedi, Yasser Vasseghian, Dragos Virgil Davitoiu, Sarah Wulf Hanson, Yingxi Zhao, Omid Shafaat, Ali Rajabpour-Sanati, Farid Najafi, Ana Maria Mantilla Herrera, Fatemeh Rajati, Tarun Gupta, Łukasz Szumowski, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Zhi Jiang Zhang, Osayomwanbo Osarenotor, Tanvir M. Huda, Perminder S. Sachdev, Farhad Ghamari, Era Upadhyay, Vivek Kumar, Guoqing Hu, Vinay Nangia, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Saeed Shahabi, Golnaz Heidari, Ashraf Nabhan, Robert C. Reiner, Aziz Rezapour, Justin J. Lang, Rakhi Dandona, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Anna-Karin Danielsson, André Karch, Filippo Ariani, Ahmed Abdelalim, Masih Tajdini, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Mohamed Hsairi, Jae Il Shin, Jasvinder A. Singh, Meghan D. Mooney, Fiona B. Bennitt, Hesam Alizade, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Pradhum Ram, Soraya Siabani, Evanson Z. Sambala, Reza Malekzadeh, Falk Schwendicke, Lalit Dandona, Masoud Moradi, Molly R Nixon, Roya Mirzaei, Rachel Feldman, Hosni Salem, Alberto L. García-Basteiro, Lorainne Tudor Car, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Ramesh Holla, Ritesh G. Menezes, Taraneh Yousefinezhadi, Hai Quang Pham, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Luisa Sorio Flor, Priya Rathi, Ali Bijani, Harvey Whiteford, Shanshan Li, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Joshua A. Salomon, Franz Castro, Lisa M. Force, Abdilahi Yousuf Yousuf, Mina Anjomshoa, Ken Takahashi, Maigeng Zhou, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Maseer Khan, Irina Filip, Santi Martini, Randah R. Hamadeh, Somayeh Bohlouli, Joana Morgado-da-Costa, Tim Driscoll, Jingkai Wei, Hermann Brenner, Reza Rawassizadeh, Radoslaw Sierpinski, Saman Esmaeilnejad, Emmanuel Wandera Okunga, Marisa Freitas, Srikanta Banerjee, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Shahin Soltani, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Reed J D Sorensen, Elena V. Gnedovskaya, Johan Ärnlöv, Ivo Rakovac, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Hussain Jafari, Atte Meretoja, Yasir Waheed, Fahad Alanezi, Arya Haj-Mirzaian, Sezer Kisa, Jaifred Christian F. Lopez, Khalid F. Alhabib, Basema Saddik, Michael R. Phillips, Vishnu Renjith, Yafeng Wang, Kevan R. Polkinghorne, Liliana G Ciobanu, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Gelin Xu, Richard C. Franklin, Junjie Wu, Thomas R. Hird, Mohammad Zamani, Diana Silva, Fotis Topouzis, Irena Ilic, Jeffrey D. Stanaway, Hadi Pourjafar, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Khaled Khatab, Ammas Siraj Mohammed, Ziyad Al-Aly, A. A. Fomenkov, Charlie Ashbaugh, Mowafa Househ, Paul I. Dargan, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Iffat Elbarazi, Dara K. Mohammad, Naznin Hossain, Reza Shirkoohi, João M. Furtado, Arash Ziapour, Morteza Jafarinia, M. Mofizul Islam, Anamika Pandey, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Tanuj Kanchan, Lee Ling Lim, Muktar Omer Omer, Charles D.A. Wolfe, Ulrich O Mueller, Helen Bitew, V. Prakash, Fereshteh Mehri, Randall V. Martin, Claudiu Herteliu, Constance D. Pond, Min Jeong Shin, Morteza Oladnabi, Antonio Maria Borzì, Yousef Mohammad, Yuichiro Yano, Luke D. Knibbs, Kevin S Ikuta, Maryam Mirzaei, Andreea Mirica, Sofia Boston Redford, Siamak Sabour, Mariya Vladimirovna Titova, Davood Anvari, Ghobad Moradi, Jordi Alonso, Shiwei Liu, Theo Vos, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Owen R. Cooper, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Kejia Hu, Hannah J. Henrikson, Sanni Yaya, Robert P. 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Mini, Christian Razo, Manuela L. Ferreira, Diego De Leo, Francesco Saverio Violante, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani, Tea Lallukka, Dickson A. Amugsi, Anna Poznańska, Graeme J. Hankey, Kewal Krishan, Maryam Zamanian, Eirini Skiadaresi, Jai K Das, Felix Greaves, Tessa M. Pilz, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Mansour Ghafourifard, M. DeLang, Morteza Mahmoudi, Alton Lu, Brian J. Hall, Ravi Prakash Jha, David Edvardsson, Xiu Ju George Zhao, Farshad Farzadfar, Hadi Hassankhani, Samuel M. Ostroff, Gerhard Sulo, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Neeraj Bhala, Stefan Lorkowski, Mohammad Rabiee, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Rashid Abdi Guled, Abdallah M. Samy, Roman Topor-Madry, Michal Grivna, Afsaneh Arzani, Ayesha Humayun, Simin Liu, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Davoud Adham, Ahad Bakhtiari, Shafiu Mohammed, Paolo Lauriola, Abbas Mosapour, Sophia Emmons-Bell, Khurshid Alam, Rajat Das Gupta, Matilde Leonardi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Mohamed M. 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S. B., Caetano Dos Santos, F. L., Camera, L. A., Elyazar, I. R. F., Ayalew Gebreslassie, A. A. A., Ginindza, T. G., Matin, B. K., Morgado-Da-Costa, J., Khaneghah, A. M., Mahesh, P. A., Toroudi, H. P., Syed, Z. Q., Salem, M. R., Skou, S. T., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Tudor Car, L. T., and Moghadam, T. Z.
Subjects: Male, Nutritional Sciences, Specific risk, Contaminación del Aire Interior, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Socioeconomic Factor, systematic analysis, Global Health, Body Mass Index, Global Burden of Disease, Health Risk Behavior, Health Risk Behaviors, Disease studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, METABOLIC RISKS, 030212 general & internal medicine, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Factores de Riesgo, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Public health, Injuries, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, GBD, risck factors, attributable burden of disease, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, Relative risk, Environmental health, Health, Hypertension, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, Female, Leading risk factors, Global Health Metrics, Cohort study, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Substance-Related Disorders, Population, UNITED-STATES, Risk Assessment, DIET, ITC-HYBRID, 03 medical and health sciences, Life Expectancy, MORTALITY, DISABILITY, POLLUTION, CLUSTERS, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, Risk factor, education, Global burden, business.industry, Risk Factor, Malnutrition, Klinisk medicin, Global Burden of Diseases, Environmental Exposure, medicine.disease, Enfermedades, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Years of potential life lost, Socioeconomic Factors, Risk factors, Disease study, Hyperglycemia, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, NA, Clinical Medicine, business, RA
Abstract: Background Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk-outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk-outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk-outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10.8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9.51-12.1) deaths (19.2% [16.9-21.3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8.71 million (8.12-9.31) deaths (15.4% [14.6-16.2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253-350) DALYs (11.6% [10.3-13.1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0-9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10-24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25-49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50-74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2020

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