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1. Multicystic Encephalomalacia: The Neuropathology of Systemic Neonatal Parechovirus Infection

Author

Josephine Heffernan, Pamela O’Connor, Michael B. McDermott, Sara Tone, Suzanne Cronly, Aisling Snow, Cillian De Gascun, Jane B Cryan, Louise Marie Lane, Mary O'Regan, and Ursula Morley

Subjects
Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Parechovirus, Neuropathology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Encephalomalacia, Fatal Outcome, CSF pleocytosis, 030225 pediatrics, Medicine, Humans, Picornaviridae Infections, biology, business.industry, Human parechovirus, Meninges, Infant, Newborn, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, medicine.anatomical_structure, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Encephalitis
Abstract

The Neuropathology of Human Parechovirus (HPeV) is not widely described due to the relatively recent discovery of the virus combined with a limited number of autopsy case reports. We report the case of an infant boy born at 38 weeks who, six days after birth, presented with fever and severe neurological dysfunction. Human Parechovirus Type 3 (HPeV3) RNA was detected in his cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. He died five days after his initial presentation. Neuropathologic examination demonstrated multicystic encephalomalacia (ME). This case report confirms that white matter pathology is dominant in HPeV3 infection. A unique feature, of HPeV encephalomalacia is absence of CSF pleocytosis and minimal inflammation in the meninges. The findings permit comment on the pathogenesis of brain injury by this virus.

Published
2021

2. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci carriage in an acute Irish hospital

Author

Brigid Lucey, Gerard D. Corcoran, E. Whelton, Caoimhe Lynch, B. Cryan, B. O'Reilly, Shauna M. Keane, and Roy D. Sleator

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Enterococcus faecium, 030501 epidemiology, Feces, Prevalence, Infection control, Colonization, Child, Aged, 80 and over, biology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Hospitals, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Carrier State, Cohort, Vancomycin, Female, 0305 other medical science, medicine.drug, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Genotype, 030106 microbiology, Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci, Microbiology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections, Aged, Bacteriological Techniques, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, Cross-Sectional Studies, Carriage, business, Ireland
Abstract

Summary Background Ireland has been shown to have the highest rate of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in cases of bacteraemia in Europe, according to a report in 2014 from the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System Network. Aim To investigate the prevalence of VRE gut colonization in a cohort of patients in 2014 at Cork University Hospital (CUH) by performing a cross-sectional study using faecal samples submitted to the microbiology laboratory for routine investigation from both hospital inpatients and community-based patients. Methods Faeces were examined for VRE colonization using selective cultivation, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and speciation using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. All VRE isolates were evaluated by molecular means for resistance determinants, type, and Insertion Sequence 16 as an indicator of Clonal Complex 17 (CC17). Findings From the 350 specimens investigated, 67 (19.1%) specimens were positive for VRE [95% confidence interval (CI): 15.0–23.2]. The prevalence of VRE colonization among CUH patients tested in this study ( N = 194) was 31.4% (95% CI: 24.7–38.1). By contrast, the general practitioner patient samples ( N =29) showed a prevalence of 0%, whereas 22.2% of samples from other hospitals ( N =27) were positive for VRE. All isolates were Enterococcus faecium (VRE fm ) and were indicated to contain CC17, though with considerable heterogeneity among the isolates. Conclusion This high prevalence goes some way towards providing an explanation for the current high rates of VRE bacteraemia in Ireland, as well as highlighting the benefits of screening and enhanced infection control practices by all hospitals to control the high rates of VRE observed.

Published
2016
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3. Response to Letter to the Editor from Ackerman MJ, et al

Author

Hannah C. Kinney, Felicia L. Trachtenberg, Marco M. Hefti, Dawna D. Armstrong, Elizabeth A. Haas, Marjorie R. Grafe, Amy E. Chadwick, Jane B. Cryan, and Henry F. Krous

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Letter to the editor, Law, Conflict of interest, Foundation (evidence), 030216 legal & forensic medicine, General Medicine, Sociology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Abstract

We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the letter by Ackerman et al. [1], andwe greatly appreciate the effort of the authors of the letter to communicate their concerns to us. We attempt to address these concerns below. Please note that Ms. Laura Crandall has recused herself from this response due to a conflict of interest as a member of the SUDC Foundation, since the letter writers represent the board of the foundation. 1. The major concerns raised in the letter are that the design of the study was not population-based, the cases were accrued retrospectively, and there was inconsistency across medical examiners on the information available to us for review. We have organized our response to address these major and related concerns together first. In the response, we summarize the critique of the authors in italics and then reiterate (in quotation marks) and clarify the text of our original paper in which the points questioned were addressed.

Published
2016
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4. Hippocampal malformation associated with sudden death in early childhood: a neuropathologic study

Author

Marjorie R. Grafe, Hannah C. Kinney, Amy E. Chadwick, Jane B. Cryan, Dawna D. Armstrong, Laura Crandall, Felicia L. Trachtenberg, Marco M. Hefti, Henry F. Krous, and Elisabeth A. Haas

Subjects
Forensic pathology, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Dentate gyrus, Hippocampus, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Hippocampal formation, medicine.disease, Sudden death, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Maldevelopment, Febrile seizure, medicine, 030216 legal & forensic medicine, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC), while rare, accounts for an important fraction of unexpected deaths in children >1 year of age. Previously we reported an association between febrile seizures, hippocampal maldevelopment, and sudden, unexpected deaths in young children (1–6 years), termed “hippocampal maldevelopment associated with sudden death (HMASD).” Here, we characterize in greater detail the hippocampal pathology in a large cohort of cases (n = 42) of this entity, and attempt to define possible new entities responsible for sudden, unexplained death in young children without HMASD/febrile seizure phenotypes. We performed comparative analysis on cases, which we classified in a cohort of 89 sudden and unexpected deaths as HMASD, explained deaths, SUDC with febrile seizure phenotype (SUDC-FS) but without hippocampal pathology, and SUDC (without hippocampal pathology or febrile seizure phenotype). The frequency of each subgroup was: HMASD 48 % (40/83); SUDC 27 % (22/83); SUDC-FS 18 % (15/83); explained 7 % (6/83). HMASD was characterized clinically by sudden, sleep-related death, term birth, and discovery in the prone position. Key morphologic features of HMASD were focal granule cell bilamination of the dentate gyrus with or without asymmetry and/or malrotation of the hippocampus, associated with significantly increased frequencies of 11 other developmental abnormalities. We identified no other distinct phenotype in the unexplained categories, except for an association of febrile seizures without hippocampal maldevelopment. HMASD is a distinct clinicopathologic entity characterized by a likely developmental failure of neuronal migration in the dentate gyrus. Future research is needed to determine the causal role of HMASD in sudden death in early childhood.

Published
2016
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5. Sudden unexpected death in early childhood: general observations in a series of 151 cases

Author

Hannah C. Kinney, Dawna D. Armstrong, Marco M. Hefti, Marjorie R. Grafe, Henry F. Krous, Elisabeth A. Haas, Laura Crandall, Jane B. Cryan, Amy E. Chadwick, and Felicia L. Trachtenberg

Subjects
Male, Forensic pathology, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Fever, Heart Diseases, Febrile seizures, Poison control, Infections, Sudden death, Hippocampus, Seizures, Febrile, Article, Occupational safety and health, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Cohort Studies, Death, Sudden, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Metabolic Diseases, Injury prevention, medicine, Humans, 030216 legal & forensic medicine, Early childhood, Child, Forensic Pathology, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Infant, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Accidents, Child, Preschool, Channelopathies, Female, Original Article, Medical emergency, Sudden unexpected death in childhood, Sleep, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cohort study
Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the major subcategories and clinicopathologic features of sudden unexpected death in young children in a large retrospective cohort, and to confirm the association of sudden unexplained death in children (abbreviated by us for unexplained deaths as SUDC) with hippocampal pathology and/or febrile seizures. Methods We undertook analysis of a retrospective cohort of 151 cases, of which 80 % (121/151) were subclassified as SUDC, 11 % (16/151) as explained, 7 % (10/151) as undetermined, and 3 % (4/151) as seizure-related. Results There were no significant differences between SUDC and explained cases in postnatal, gestational, or postconceptional age, frequency of preterm birth, gender, race, or organ weights. In contrast, 96.7 % (117/121) of the SUDC group were discovered during a sleep period compared to 53.3 % (8/15) of the explained group (p

Published
2016

6. Hippocampal Formation Maldevelopment and Sudden Unexpected Death across the Pediatric Age Spectrum

Author

Lisa A. Teot, Othon J. Mena, Beata Hargitai, Walter L. Kemp, Catherine A. Brownstein, Harry S. Abram, Robin L. Haynes, Richard D. Goldstein, Simon K. Warfield, Dawna D. Armstrong, Jane B. Cryan, Michael C. Kruer, Ingrid A. Holm, Sanjay P. Prabhu, Elisabeth A. Haas, Lynn A. Sleeper, Gerald T. Berry, Hannah C. Kinney, Annapurna Poduri, Joanne Gastrang, and Roya Dastjerdi

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Autopsy, General Medicine, Original Articles, Sudden infant death syndrome, Hippocampal formation, medicine.disease, Sudden death, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Temporal lobe, Granule cell dispersion, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurology, Maldevelopment, medicine, 030216 legal & forensic medicine, Neurology (clinical), Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC) are defined as sudden death in a child remaining unexplained despite autopsy and death scene investigation. They are distinguished from each other by age criteria, i.e. with SIDS under 1 year and SUDC over 1 year. Our separate studies of SIDS and SUDC provide evidence of shared hippocampal abnormalities, specifically focal dentate bilamination, a lesion classically associated with temporal lobe epilepsy, across the 2 groups. In this study, we characterized the clinicopathologic features in a retrospective case series of 32 children with sudden death and hippocampal formation (HF) maldevelopment. The greatest frequency of deaths was between 3 weeks and 3 years (81%, 26/32). Dentate anomalies were found across the pediatric age spectrum, supporting a common vulnerability that defies the 1-year age cutoff between SIDS and SUDC. Twelve cases (38%) had seizures, including 7 only with febrile seizures. Subicular anomalies were found in cases over 1 year of age and were associated with increased risk of febrile seizures. Sudden death associated with HF maldevelopment reflects a complex interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that lead to death at different pediatric ages, and may be analogous to sudden unexplained death in epilepsy.

Published
2016

7. Candidaemia in an Irish tertiary referral hospital: epidemiology and prognostic factors

Author

B. O'Reilly, B. Cryan, J. O'Leary, and T.W. Boo

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Dermatology, Tertiary referral hospital, Catheterization, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, Humans, Medicine, Child, Candida albicans, Aged, Candida, Retrospective Studies, Cross Infection, biology, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Mortality rate, Candidiasis, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Prognosis, biology.organism_classification, Surgery, Exact test, Blood, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Urinary Tract Infections, Female, business, Fungemia, Ireland
Abstract

There were two parts to this study. Part 1 evaluated the epidemiology of Candida bloodstream isolates within the Southern Health Board (SHB) of Ireland from 1992 to 2003 by retrospective surveillance of all such isolates of patients reported from SHB hospitals to our laboratory database during that period. Part 2 reviewed candidaemia cases occurring in Cork University Hospital (CUH) from 1999 to 2003 using surveillance of all positive blood culture isolates in CUH microbiology laboratory during the 5-year period. In part 1, 250 Candida bloodstream isolates were reported in the SHB over 12 years. There was a pattern of decreasing percentage of C. albicans with time. Whereas in part 2, 63 cases of candidaemia were identified in CUH from 1999 to 2003. Candida albicans constituted 50% of all isolates, while C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata accounted for 21.2% and 18.2% respectively. Average annual incidence rate was 0.48 episodes/1000 admissions and 0.70 episodes/10 000 patient-days. Vascular catheters were the commonest source of candidaemia (61.9%) followed by the urinary tract (12.7%). Risk factors included exposure to multiple antibiotics (75%); central vascular catheterization (73%); multiple colonization sites (71%); severe gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction (54%) and acute renal failure (43%). Crude 7-day and 30-day mortality rates were 20.6% and 39.7% respectively. Logistic regression multivariate analysis identified the following to be independent predictors for mortality: age > or =65 years [odds ratio (OR) 7.2, P = 0.013]; severe GI dysfunction (OR 10.6, P = 0.01); acute renal failure (OR 7.6, P = 0.022); recent/concurrent bacteraemia (OR 5.2, P = 0.042); endotracheal intubation (OR 7.7, P = 0.014); while major surgery was associated with a better prognosis (OR 0.05, P = 0.002). Appropriate antifungal treatment was also found to be associated with survival (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.001). The epidemiology of Candida bloodstream isolates within our health board had changed over the years. Incidence and mortality of candidaemia were relatively high in our hospital. Dysfunction of major organ systems and recent bacteraemia were found to predict mortality.

Published
2005
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8. Molecular epidemiology of cystic fibrosis-linked Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates from three national referral centres in Ireland

Author

Séamus Fanning, Brigid Lucey, B. Cryan, John E. Moore, J.J. Collins, D. Crowley, G. Buckley, M. Daly, P. Shine, and P.G. Murphy

Subjects
Cystic Fibrosis, Molecular Sequence Data, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Burkholderia cepacia, Integron, DNA, Ribosomal, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, HaeIII, Microbiology, law.invention, Bacterial Proteins, law, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, medicine, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Referral and Consultation, Polymerase chain reaction, Molecular Epidemiology, biology, Molecular epidemiology, Genomovar, Burkholderia Infections, General Medicine, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Burkholderia cepacia complex, Burkholderia, biology.protein, bacteria, Restriction fragment length polymorphism, Ireland, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Biotechnology, medicine.drug
Abstract

Burkholderia cepacia is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and is readily transmitted among infected cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The B. cepacia complex consists of five distinct subgroups, termed genomovars. A collection of 17 presumptive B. cepacia isolates, obtained from three national CF referral centres located in different geographical regions in Ireland, was studied. The aim of this study was to investigate these isolates using molecular subtyping protocols for evidence of genetic relationships and for the presence of antibiotic resistance-encoding class 1 integron structures.Genomovar classifications were assigned to each isolate based on HaeIII enzyme profiles of their recA locus. Genetic relationships among this collection were also assessed after restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-mediated analysis of the 16S rDNA locus and DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF). The surface expression of the cable pilus gene (cblA) may facilitate an early step in the infection process. All isolates were tested by amplification strategies for this marker. Burkholderia cepacia is known to be resistant to several antimicrobial agents. Resistance typing showed that the majority were resistant to three or more common antimicrobial agents. Five of the 17 isolates were resistant to sulphonamide, a characteristic linked with the presence of class 1 integrons. Gene cassettes containing beta-lactamase (oxa) and aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (aac(6')-1a) encoding genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction amplification.Most of the isolates in this study were classified as genomovar III and were indistinguishable based on their corresponding 16S rDNA-RFLP profiles, whilst DAF further subtyped the collection. The cblA marker was identified in 47% of the isolates, many of which clustered in the genomovar III group. Class 1 integrons with recombined gene cassettes containing bla-OXA and aac(6')-1a genes were identified.This study demonstrates the application of molecular methods to investigate B. cepacia, a well-recognized human pathogen, cultured from Irish CF patients. Genomovar III was the most common genomic type identified. DNA fingerprinting further subtyped the latter isolates, facilitating a more detailed description of the molecular epidemiology. Drug resistance in these organisms can be explained, at least in part, by the presence of class 1 integrons. Development of targeted infection control strategies could be facilitated using these applied methods.

Published
2002
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9. Antimicrobial resistance profiling and DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF) of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in human, poultry and porcine samples from the Cork region of Ireland

Author

C. Feurer, Brigid Lucey, P. Greer, B. Cryan, Séamus Fanning, and P. Moloney

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Spectinomycin, Swine, Tetracycline, Penicillins, Drug resistance, medicine.disease_cause, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Campylobacter jejuni, Poultry, Microbiology, Campylobacter Infections, medicine, Animals, Humans, Typing, biology, Campylobacter, Drug Resistance, Microbial, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, DNA Fingerprinting, Anti-Bacterial Agents, DNA profiling, Ampicillin, Ireland, Sulfisoxazole, Biotechnology, medicine.drug
Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (R) typing and DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF) of a random collection of 84 Irish thermophilic Campylobacter isolates is described. The collection included human, veterinary (porcine) and poultry isolates cultured between 1996 and 1998 in the Cork region of Ireland. Biochemical and molecular methods were used to identify Campylobacter jejuni and Camp. coli. Many of these isolates were simultaneously resistant to several common antimicrobial agents. In particular, resistance to ampicillin, spectinomycin, sulphafurazole and tetracycline was common. A total of 74 DAF profiles was identified among the study collection, showing a high degree of diversity. Dendrogram analysis of the DNA patterns identified three main clusters at the 50% similarity level, which included two clusters of Camp. coli and a third containing a mixture of Camp. jejuni and Camp. coli.

Published
2000
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10. National scientific medical meeting 1997 abstracts

Author

H. J. Willison, A. J. Lastovica, M. M. Prendergast, A. P. Moran, C. Walsh, I. Flitcroft, P. Eustace, C. McMahon, J. Smith, O. P. Smith, G. Lakshmandass, M. R. H. Taylor, C. V. Holland, D. Cox, B. Good, G. M. Kearns, P. Gaffney, K. Shark, M. Frauenshuh, W. Ortmann, R. Messner, R. King, S. Rich, T. Behrens, N. Mahmud, A. Molloy, J. McPartlin, J. M. Scott, D. G. Weir, K. M. Walsh, D. Thorburn, P. Mills, A. J. Morris, T. Good, S. Cameron, E. A. B. McCruden, M. W. Bennett, J. O’Connell, C. Brady, D. Roche, J. K. Collins, F. Shanahan, G. C. O’Sullivant, M. Henry, S. Koston, K. McMahon, W. MacNee, M. X. FitzGerald, C. M. O’Connor, D. McGonagle, W. Gibbon, P. O’Connor, P. Emery, M. Murphy, R. Watson, E. Casey, E. Naidu, L. Barnes, S. McCann, E. Sweeney, E. J. Barrett, H. Graham, R. T. Cunningham, C. F. Johnston, W. J. Curry, K. D. Buchanan, C. H. Courtney, A. S. McAllister, D. R. McCance, D. R. Hadden, P. M. Bell, H. Leslie, B. Sheridan, A. B. Atkinson, M. T. Kilbane, D. F. Smith, M. J. Murray, S. G. Shering, E. W. M. McDermott, N. J. O’Higgins, P. P. A. Smyth, J. McEneny, E. R. Trimble, I. S. Young, P. Sharpe, C. Mercer, D. McMaster, A. E. Evans, J. Cundick, O. Hasselwander, J. McGeough, D. Savage, A. P. Maxwell, F. Kee, C. J. Larkin, R. G. P. Watson, C. Johnston, J. E. S. Ardill, D. A. McNamara, T. N. Walsh, D. J. Bouchier-Hayes, C. Madden, C. Timon, N. Gardiner, M. Lawler, J. O’Riordan, C. Duggan, S. R. McCann, H. Gowing, E. Braakman, C. Byrne, A. C. M. Martens, A. Hagenbeek, N. Kinsella, S. Cusack, H. Baker, B. White, K. Molloy, A. Wogan, S. McElwaine, D. Hollywood, C. Mcmahon, C. Merry, M. Ryan, O. Smith, F. M. Mulcahy, C. Murphy, J. Briones, P. Lavin, M. McCaffrey, P. Gillen, L. Thompson, M. Lalloz, M. Layton, C. Corish, N. P. Kennedy, P. Flood, S. Mulligan, E. McNamara, P. M. Mathias, E. Ball, D. Duiculescu, P. Calistru, N. O’Gorman, M. Abuzakouk, C. Feighery, M. Brannigan, S. Pender, F. Keeling, J. Varghese, M. Lee, M. Colreavy, R. Gaffney, S. Hone, M. Herzig, M. Walsh, C. Dolan, D. Donovan, J. Harmey, A. Haverty, J. H. Wang, J. H. Harmey, H. P. Redmond, G. McGreal, M. J. Moriarty, A. Shortt, E. Kay, G. Pidgeon, P. Dunne, H. Lambkin, J. M. Russell, A. J. O’Neill, B. M. Dunne, M. O’Donovan, E. F. Gaffney, J. E. Gillan, T. G. Cotter, J. Horan, D. Jones, S. K. Biswas, E. C. Mulkerrin, H. Brady, J. O’Donnell, J. Neary, E. Healy, A. Watson, B. Keogh, C. Cassidy, S. Ward, E. Stokes, F. Keoghan, A. Barrett, P. O’Connell, N. Ryall, P. A. O’Connell, A. Jenkinson, T. O’Brien, P. G. O’Connell, R. Harrison, T. Barrett, D. M. D. Bailey, A. Butler, D. E. Barton, G. Daly, M. Gill, S. Heron, Z. Hawi, M. Fitzgerald, L. Mynett-Johnson, D. Shiels, K. Kendler, P. McKeon, R. Straub, D. Walsh, F. Ryan, D. McCabe, R. Murphy, R. Segurado, T. Mulcahy, B. Larson, C. Comerford, R. O’Connell, E. O’Mahony, J. Donnelly, F. Minahan, D. O’Neill, Z. Farrell, C. Glynn, E. Mulkerrin, S. E. Lennox, A. Murphy, I. M. Rea, H. McNulty, C. McMeel, H. McEvoy, R. Freaney, M. J. McKenna, M. Crowe, D. Keating, G. Norman, S. Widda, L. Viani, null Galvin, C. M. Nolan, O. Hardiman, F. Brett, O. Droogan, P. Gallagher, M. Harmey, M. King, J. Murphy, R. Perryrnan, S. Sukumaran, J. Walsh, M. A. Farrell, G. Hughes, C. Cunningham, J. B. Walsh, D. Coakley, M. Hurson, P. McMonagle, S. O’Sullivan, P. Dodd, J. Redmond, R. Browne, S. Keating, J. O’Connor, B. P. Cassidy, R. Smyth, N. P. Sheppard, R. Cullivan, J. Crown, N. Walsh, A. Denihan, I. Bruce, A. Radic, B. A. Lawlor, P. K. Bridges, M. O’Doherty, A. Farrington, B. Farragher, S. Fahy, R. Kelly, T. Carey, J. Owens, O. Gallagher, D. Sloan, C. McDonough, P. Casey, A. Horgan, A. Elneihum, C. O’Neill, T. McMonagle, J. Quinn, D. Meagher, P. Murphy, A. Kinsella, J. Mullaney, J. L. Waddington, S. Rooney, L. Bamford, J. J. O’Connor, R. Franklin, K. O’Brien, G. Fitzpatrick, J. G. Laffey, J. F. Boylan, J. Laffey, M. Coleman, J. Boylan, A. J. McShane, J. P. R. Loughrey, J. Gardiner, J. McGinley, I. Leonard, M. Carey, P. Neligan, J. O’Rourke, A. Cunningham, F. Fennessy, C. Kelly, D. Bouchier-Hayes, J. Kellett, D. Murphy, J. Regan, D. O’Keeffe, A. Mahmud, L. Hemeryck, J. Feely, M. Hall, I. B. A. Menown, T. P. Mathew, G. S. Nesbitt, M. Syme, A. A. J. Adgey, F. Turtle, J. Allen, J. Anderson, R. O’Hanlon, M. B. Codd, S. Walkin, H. A. McCann, D. D. Sugrue, A. M. Rasheed, G. Chen, A. Leahy, S. Jina, I. McDowell, Q. Wo, M. N. Shuhaibar, E. McGovern, G. Manoharan, R. Kirkpatrick, N. P. S. Campbell, C. McCarthy, Y. Wen, S. Killalea, C. J. Fahy, A. Griffith, A. Fraser, T. Ryan, M. Browne, J. Fenton, J. Hughes, C. I. Timon, A. Curran, D. Smyth, J. P. Hughes, P. Lee, A. Kelly, N. Shine, A. Blayney, D. P. McShane, J. Hussey, M. Howlett, A. Langton, A. McEvoy, J. Slevin, C. Fitzpatrick, M. J. Turner, F. Enright, N. Goggin, C. Costigan, D. Duff, P. Osizlok, F. Wood, R. B. Fitzsimons, N. Flanagan, E. Molloy, E. Griffin, P. F. Deasy, M. Sheridan, M. J. White, R. Moore, A. Gray, J. Hill, J. F. T. Glasgow, B. Middleton, D. Slattery, V. Donoghue, A. McMahon, A. McCarthy, P. Oslislok, I. Keogh, K. J. Russell, M. X. Fitzgerald, P. V. Kavanagh, S. M. McNamara, M. Barry, J. E. O’Brien, P. McCormick, C. Molony, R. M. Doyle, P. R. O’Connell, L. C. Dowey, H. McGlynn, D. I. Thurnham, S. J. Elborn, L. Flynn, J. Carton, B. Byrne, C. O’Farrelly, P. Kelehan, C. O’Herlihy, A. M. O’Hara, A. Orren, B. A. Fernie, S. Clarke, G. Courtney, C. de Gascun, M. Byrne, E. Moylett, H. Murphy, K. Butler, C. Nourse, H. Thaker, C. Barry, J. Russell, G. Sheehan, B. Boyle, R. Hone, B. Conboy, C. Butler, D. Moris, M. Cormican, J. Flynn, O. McCormack, N. Corbally, A. Murray, S. Kirrane, C. O’Keane, S. M. Lynch, B. Cryan, D. Whyte, D. Morris, G. Corbett-Feeney, T. Mackle, J. Perkins, C. Saidlear, A. Young, M. Wrigley, J. Clifford, O. Tighe, D. T. Croke, J. Drago, D. R. Sibley, M. Carvalho, M. Hennessy, M. Kelly, C. Hughes, M. Hanlon, K. Sabra, T. Keane, D. Egan, C. Maerry, S. C. Sharma, D. Williams, N. G. Mahon, G. M. Sayers, and Z. Johnson

Subjects
Medical education, business.industry, Medicine, General Medicine, business
Published
1998
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11. A comparison of the efficiency of ELISA and selected primer sets to detect Norovirus isolates in southern Ireland over a four-year period (2002-2006): variation in detection rates and evidence for continuing predominance of NoV GII.4 genotype

Author

Lynda Gunn, Grainne Lennon, P. V. Coyle, Séamus Fanning, N. Reidy, B. Cryan, Helen O’Shea, and P. J. Collins

Subjects
Time Factors, Genotype, Molecular Sequence Data, Early detection, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Disease Outbreaks, Age groups, Virology, medicine, Humans, Phylogeny, Caliciviridae Infections, DNA Primers, Phylogenetic tree, Base Sequence, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Norovirus, Outbreak, General Medicine, Primer (molecular biology), Detection rate, Ireland, Sequence Alignment
Abstract

Norovirus (NoV) gastroenteritis occurs in all age groups and is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the community. However, detection methods and rates vary widely, and few data are available to compare these, particularly in Ireland. Detection of noroviruses through antigen and molecular-based strategies was carried out on 135 suspected NoV-positive samples, collected over the course of three NoV outbreaks, from 2002 to 2006, in the southern region of Ireland. A commercially available ELISA and a panel of six primer sets were evaluated to determine their suitability for NoV detection in Irish clinical samples. The key findings of this study were the detection of both GGI and GGII noroviruses by ELISA, but the detection of only GGII noroviruses by RT-PCR. In addition to this, a variation in the levels of detection from 9.4 % to 17.3 % was observed for conventional PCR assays, while a detection rate of 46.3 % was observed for the real-time PCR assay. A proportion (17.8 %) of samples were found to be negative by all detection strategies, suggesting the possibility of reporting false positives for these samples or low-copy positives that do not often repeat. Sequencing information from selected samples also revealed nucleotide polymorphisms, compromising efficient primer binding in the case of one primer pairing. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial polymerase gene identified NoV GII.4 as the dominant genotype, in accordance with previous NoV studies in Ireland. Investigating the NoV diversity of the circulating strains and the dynamics of strain replacement is important to better assess the efficacy of future NoV vaccines and to facilitate the early detection of changes in circulating NoV strains.

Published
2013

12. DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) applied to the investigation ofAcinetobacter baumanii isolated from intensive care unit patients

Author

C. Sheehan, Séamus Fanning, B. Cryan, M. Lynch, and Laurent Boissel

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Critical Care, Sensitivity and Specificity, Microbiology, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, Intensive care, Genotype, Humans, Medicine, Polymerase chain reaction, Acinetobacter, biology, business.industry, Gene Amplification, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, DNA Fingerprinting, Staining, chemistry, Agarose gel electrophoresis, Primer (molecular biology), business, DNA, Acinetobacter Infections
Abstract

Acinetobacter are important emerging nosocomial pathogens. In this paper thirteen Acinetobacter baumanii from intensive care patients were isolated. These were initially typed using the API-20 NE biotyping system and antibiogram analysis. Results obtained using these methods failed to convincingly characterise the organisms. In this report a method to characterise these Acinetobacter baumanii isolates is described, which utilises a modified polymerase chain reaction (PCR), capable of generating genomic fingerprints, known as DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF). Purified chromosomal DNA of cultured clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumanii were subjected to DAF using the M13 universal sequencing primer. Polymorphic DNA bands produced, were visualised after agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. Results demonstrated that six of the thirteen clinical isolates represented one group and a second group of two isolates displayed identical fingerprint patterns. The remaining four organisms were all unique. This genotype based method is rapid, simple, reproducible and may have potential as a means of specifically typing Acinetobacter spp. allowing the route(s) of nosocomial transmission to be identified and to assess the efficiency of instituted infection control measures.

Published
1996
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13. Genomic fingerprinting Acinetobacter baumannii: amplification of multiple inter-repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences

Author

M. Lynch, C. Sheehan, C. Cullen, B. Cryan, P. Greer, and Séamus Fanning

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Microbiology (medical), Molecular Sequence Data, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, DNA sequencing, Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Humans, Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Palindromic sequence, Cross Infection, Infection Control, Acinetobacter, Base Sequence, biology, DNA Patterns, General Medicine, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Amplicon, biology.organism_classification, DNA Fingerprinting, Acinetobacter baumannii, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, DNA profiling, bacteria, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, DNA, Acinetobacter Infections
Abstract

Acinetobacter species are important nosocomial pathogens. A rapid and sensitive identification system, capable of providing strain identity at the genetic level, is required to identify outbreak strains and facilitate the early implementation of infection control procedures. Repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) elements, have been identified in numerous bacteria and these genomic sequences provide useful targets for DNA amplification. A method for amplifying inter-REP DNA sequences, REP-multiple arbitrary amplicon profiling (REP-MAAP), is described and applied to 29 Acinetobacter baumannii from clinical samples. Amplified polymorphic DNA patterns were demonstrated for all isolates and those displaying identical REP-MAAP patterns were considered identical at the genetic level. In the spring of 1993, 10 intensive care unit patients had endotracheal colonization with A. baumannii (five with REP-MAAP I and five with REP-MAAP II patterns). These findings suggested nosocomial transmission of organisms which was terminated by standard infection control measures. No further A. baumannii were detected until the winter of 1993 when isolates of different REP-MAAP groups emerged, suggesting that factors other than nosocomial transmission were implicated.

Published
1995
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14. National scientific medical meeting 1995 abstracts

Author

S. Norris, C. Collins, J. Hegarty, C. O’Farrelly, J. Carton, L. Madrigal, D. P. O’Donoghue, H. Holloway, J. F. Fielding, W. Mullins, S. W. Hone, M. Donnelly, F. Powell, A. W. Blayney, E. A. Cahill, S. F. Daly, M. J. Turner, P. A. Sullivan, M. McLoughlin, M. M. Skelly, H. E. Mulcahy, T. Connell, C. Duggan, M. J. Duffy, A. Troy, K. Sheahan, A. Whelan, C. M. Herra, C. T. Keane, H. Johnson, B. Lee, E. Doherty, T. McDonnell, D. Mulherin, O. FitzGerald, B. Bresnihan, H. M. Hassett, A. Boyce, V. Greig, C. O’Herlihy, P. P. A. Smyth, E. F. Roche, I. McCormack, E. Tempany, M. J. Cullen, D. F. Smith, Y. McBrinn, B. Murray, R. Freaney, D. Keating, M. J. McKenna, J. A. O’Hare, H. Alam, Q. Raza, M. Geoghegan, S. Killalea, M. Hall, J. Feely, L. Kyne, B. O’Hara, M. Cullen, I. M. Rea, J. P. Donnelly, R. W. Stout, P. Lacey, M. J. Donnelly, J. McGrath, T. P. Hennessy, C. V. I. Timon, D. Hyde, H. X. Xia, M. Buckley, C. O’Morain, S. Keating, H. Xia, J. P. McGrath, R. C. Stuart, P. Lawlor, P. J. Byrne, T. N. Walsh, T. P. J. Hennessy, M. Duffy, M. Tubridy, J. Redmond, K. Monahan, R. P. Murphy, D. R. Headon, T. O’Gorman, F. M. O’Reilly, C. Darby, G. M. Murphy, A. Murphy, M. Codd, P. Dervan, D. Lawlor, S. O. Loughlin, N. Flanagan, R. Watson, L. Barnes, C. Kilgallen, E. Sweeney, A. Mynes, D. Mooney, I. Donoghue, O. Browne, J. A. Kirrane, D. McKenna, M. Young, E. O’Toole, S. O’Briain, U. Srinivasan, C. Feighery, N. Leonard, E. Jones, M. A. Moloney, D. G. Weir, M. Lawler, A. O’Neill, H. Gowing, D. Pamphilon, S. R. McCann, G. O’Toole, A. Orren, C. M. Seifer, D. C. Crowley, G. J. Sheehan, T. Deignan, J. Kelly, V. J. Tormey, J. Faul, C. Leonard, C. M. Burke, L. W. Poulter, S. Lynch, G. McEntee, O. Traynor, E. Barry, P. Costello, A. Keavney, R. Willoughby, C. O’Donnell, M. Cahill, A. Earley, P. Eustace, R. Osborne, C. Saidlear, B. Holmes, A. Early, A. P. Moran, A. Neisser, R. J. Polt, H. Bernheimer, M. Kainz, B. Schwerer, L. Gallagher, R. Firth, N. Kennedy, E. McGilloway, N. Tubridy, K. Shields, W. K. Cullen, M. J. Rowan, A. R. Moore, M. Rowan, D. Coakley, B. Lawlor, G. Swanwick, R. Al-Naeemi, R. Murphy, N. M. Codd, M. Goggins, N. P. Kennedy, B. L. Mallon, H. Mulcahy, M. Skelly, D. O. Donoghue, D. McCarthy, A. Saunders, D. J. Veale, J. J. F. Belch, D. Breathnach, E. Murphy, G. Kernohan, K. Gibson, A. G. Wilson, G. W. Duff, N. de Vries, L. B. A. van de Putte, J. Donoghue, F. O’Kelly, Z. Johnson, T. Maher, A. Moran, C. Keane, D. O’Neill, N. Horgan, J. M. Barragry, D. M. Campbell, M. Behan, P. R. O’Connell, V. S. Donnelly, D. Crowley, M. Geary, P. Boylan, M. Fanagan, K. Hickey, T. Teoh, M. Doyle, R. Harrison, D. Lyons, Y. Shenouda, M. Coughlan, P. McKenna, P. Lenehan, M. Foley, P. Kelehan, P. Ravichandran, M. Kelly, A. Conroy, C. Fitzpatrick, D. Egan, C. L. Regan, B. V. McAdam, P. McParland, G. A. FitzGerald, D. J. Fitzgerald, S. C. Sharma, K. Foran, C. Barry-Kinsella, R. F. Harrison, F. J. Gillespie, P. O’Mahony, M. Boyle, M. J. White, F. Donohoe, Y. Birrane, M. Naughton, R. B. Fitzsimons, M. Piracha, S. McConkey, E. Griffin, E. Hayes, T. Clarke, N. Parfrey, K. Butler, A. J. Malone, P. J. Kearney, P. F. Duggan, A. Lane, R. Keville, M. Turner, S. Barry, D. Sloan, S. Gallagher, M. Darby, P. Galligan, J. Stack, N. Walsh, M. O’Sullivan, M. Fitzgerald, D. Meagher, S. Browne, C. Larkin, P. Casey, E. O’Callaghan, S. Rooney, E. Walsh, M. Morris, T. Burke, M. Roe, C. Maher, M. Wrigley, M. Gill, M. Burgess, E. Corcoran, D. Walsh, B. Gilmer, C. B. Hayes, L. Thornton, J. Fogarty, R. Lyons, M. O’Connor, V. Delaney, K. Buckley, D. Lillis, V. Delany, C. Hayes, P. Dack, D. Igoe, H. J. O’Neill, P. Kelly, D. McKeown, L. Clancy, G. Varghese, S. Hennessy, J. J. Gilmartin, K. Birthistle, D. Carrington, H. Maguire, P. Atkinson, C. Foley-Nolan, M. Lynch, B. Cryan, D. Whyte, C. Conlon, V. Kucinskas, U. Usinskiene, I. Sakalyte, E. Dawson, K. Molloy, N. Goulden, J. Doyle, E. Lawlor, M. G. Harrington, N. El-Nageh, M. -L. Nolan, J. O’Riordan, G. Judge, G. Crotty, T. Finch, M. Borton, T. Barnes, O. Gilligan, G. Lee, R. Limmer, M. Madden, C. Bergin, A. O’Leary, F. Mulcahy, F. Wallis, M. Glennon, M. Cormican, U. NiRiain, M. Heiginbothom, F. Gannon, T. Smith, C. O’Sullivan, R. Hone, D. A. Caugant, C. A. P. Fijen, E. J. Van Schalkwyk, G. J. Coetzee, U. Ni Riain, M. G. Cormican, L. Park, J. Flynn, V. Regazzoli, M. Hayes, G. Nicholson, P. Higgins, N. Flynn, G. Corbett-Feeney, D. J. Conway, N. J. O’Higgins, S. Rajendiran, J. Byrne, E. Kilfeather, P. Dingle, M. Hunter, S. K. Al-Ghazal, P. Stanley, J. Palmer, A. Hong, P. Saxby, D. Sheehan, I. Regan, J. O’Mullane, M. Ni Chaoimh, M. Leahy, J. J. Heffron, M. Lehane, C. Keohane, N. O’Leary, M. Sheehan, E. Renny-Walsh, M. J. Whelton, C. T. Doyle, J. Webster, N. Benjamin, S. FitzGerald, J. S. Chadha, M. G. FitzGerald, G. R. FitzGerald, L. Hemeryck, P. McGettigan, J. Golden, N. Arthur, S. Y. Wen, P. Deegan, T. Cooke, G. I. Adebayo, P. Gaffney, M. Sinnot, D. O’Riordan, T. Hayes, C. M. O’Connor, M. X. FitzGerald, C. Costello, G. Finlay, J. Hayes, C. O’Connor, K. McMahon, S. Hone, J. Robertson, R. Coakley, S. O’Neill, M. Walsh, J. McCarthy, D. Lannon, A. E. Wood, R. Sharkey, E. Mulloy, M. Long, I. Kilgallen, V. Tormey, S. Horne, T. Feeney, Ó. Ó Muiré, M. J. Griffin, D. Hughes, A. Knaggs, D. Magee, C. McCrory, B. March, D. Phelan, M. White, J. Fabry, D. Buggy, C. Cooney, E. Aziz, D. O’Keefe, A. J. McShane, J. Boylan, E. Tobin, C. Motherway, F. Colreavy, N. Denish, R. Dwyer, A. Bergin, K. O’Brien, R. MacSullivan, K. D. Carson, W. P. Blunnie, D. C. Moriarty, B. Kinirons, B. Lyons, N. Cregg, W. Casey, K. P. Moore, S. A. Colbert, C. Ecoffey, D. O’Gorman, J. Fitzgerald, P. Diamond, M. B. Codd, D. D. Sugrue, J. Kellett, M. Tighe, C. J. McKenna, J. Galvin, H. A. McCann, A. Scallon, A. Fraser, M. Norton, G. Tomkin, I. Graham, A. Byrne, M. Maher, N. Moran, D. Fitzgerald, D. O’Callaghan, D. Coyle, A. G. Nugent, C. McGurk, G. D. Johnston, A. Nugent, B. Silke, N. Murphy, L. Jennings, D. Pratico, C. Doyle, T. Hennessy, H. McCann, D. Sugrue, S. Donnelly, A. Hennessy, C. Hartigan, D. MacDonald, S. Blake, D. McDonald, D. Dominque, S. R. McMechan, G. MacKenzie, J. Allen, G. T. Wright, G. J. Dempsey, M. Crawley, J. Anderson, A. A. J. Adgey, M. T. Harbinson, N. P. S. Campbell, C. M. Wilson, P. K. Ellis, E. M. McIlrath, A. McShane, T. V. Keaveny, K. Rabenstein, F. Scheller, D. Pfeiffer, C. Urban, I. Moser, G. Jobst, A. Manz, S. Verpoorte, F. Dempsey, D. Diamond, M. Smyth, E. Dempsey, V. Hamilton, J. Twomey, R. Crowley, L. Fenelon, F. Walsh, J. McCann, P. McDonagh, E. McGovern, D. Luke, K. Crowley, D. Mannion, D. Murphy, K. Clarkson, E. Carton, I. Leonard, D. O’Toole, M. Staunton, M. Griffin, D. Owens, P. Collins, A. Johnson, G. H. Tomkin, N. A. Herity, J. D. Allen, R. O’Moore, G. M. Crotty, M. DeArce, K. Nikookam, P. Keenan, D. Cregan, N. O’Meara, S. Forman, D. A. Cusack, and B. Farrell

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Family medicine, medicine, MEDLINE, General Medicine, business
Published
1995
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15. National Scientific Medical Meeting 1994 Abstracts

Author

M. J. Turner, J. Upton, T. P. J. Hennessy, P. Kelehan, A. D. Crockard, Paul A. McGettigan, M. Grouden, Y. A. Cusack, Catherine Curran, B. Cryan, C. Pidgeon, T. G. Cooke, E. Shorten, B. M. Kinsella, P. Sweeney, A. Southey, S. G. Richardson, M. Sheehan, E. R. Horwitz, J. Belch, E. Griffin, E. Healy, A. Oakhill, H. Johnson, P. Shah, A. Kinsella, P. A O’Connell, P. Humphries, P. Lenehan, S. Fanning, C. N. Pidgeon, D. Pamphilon, M. T. P. Caldwell, B. Tuohy, P. Dack, J. Murphy, P. Gaffney, Fiona M. Stevens, C. Bergin, A. Locasciulli, G. Nolan, M. Kearns, D. F. Smith, J. P. H. Fee, I. Reid, Muiris X. Fitzgerald, T. Cawley, G. Swanwick, U. Kondaveeti, F. Davidson, A. Early, D. Noone, S. Farrell, A. Hale, C. M. Costello, L. English, Colm O'Herlihy, B. Crowley, J. F. Lyons, P. Kent, D. Coakley, M. Geary, L. J. Egan, M. Hogan, G. A. FitzGerald, P. White, R. Merriman, Mary Leader, M. Fitzgerald, N. AlAnsari, H. P. Singh, N. Mahmud, Sarah Rogers, T. Conlon, J. O’Shea, C. Larkin, Norman Delanty, L. Maguire, J. Mahady, J. T. Ennis, E. Creamer, R. P. Kernan, I. Temperley, M. Hargrove, J. Joseph Walshe, J. M. T. Redmond, B. Gilmer, Michael Hutchinson, J. Woof, K. D. Carson, C. Darby, D. Lyons, Michael T. Dawson, G. Gibson, A. B. Atkinson, J. A. Lawson, N. Ryall, D. S. O’Briain, R. Pilkington, W. Blunnie, T. Donoghue, D. M. O’Hanlon, S. Coulter-Smith, James R. Docherty, G. Mortimer, Enda W. McDermott, C. Conlon, T. Cooke, B. Hennelly, P. Boylan, P. Lawlor, S. Young, B. Marsh, R. J. Cunney, S. Lynch, W. O’Connor, M. C. Prabhakar, G. Dempsey, C. Fitzpatrick, L. Boissel, P. O’Callaghan, Terry J. Smith, B. P. McMahon, F. M. Ryan, D. Allcut, Sinead O’Neill, Emer Shelley, M. Coca-Prados, J. Lawson, E. G. Smyth, J. Geraghty, C. A. Whelan, M. Goggins, R.J. Cunney, B. McGeeney, A. J. Cunningham, P. Eustace, K. Carson, B. Sheridan, D. Powell, C. Foley-Nolan, P. M. Byrne, L. Barnes, G. King, C. Cullen, Maria A. O'Connell, Shaun Gallagher, G. J. Fitzpatrick, J. Mulhall, M. G. Mott, E. Shanahan, S. Murphy, D. Buggy, Cliona O'Farrelly, M. Buckley, T. M. Murray, G. McQuoid, D. O’Riordain, P. M. Bell, P. McNamara, P. Byrne, M. P. Colgan, S. Hone, T. J. McKenna, R. McManus, D. O’Neill, M. R. N. Darling, Aaj Adgey, P. Campbell, T. Finch, M. Robson, H. C. Loughrey, P. Foster, C. O’Keane, G. I. Adebayo, J. McEnri, J. D. Allen, Martin Cormican, C. Timon, E. O’Mongain, V. S. Donnelly, E. Corcoran, J. J. Gilmartin, M.J. Duffy, Brian J. Harvey, Peter P.A. Smyth, J. O. L DeLancey, Desmond J. Fitzgerald, J. Wang, T. Larkin, C. Barry-Kinsella, T. O’Connell, E. O’Callaghan, A Jefferson, G. D. Johnston, N. Shepard, A. L. Kennedy, I. M. Rea, C. F. McCarthy, D. Kerr, Margaret McLaren, G. Z. Kaminski, Hugh Staunton, P. Grainger, M. Norton, F. Lavin, B. F. McAdam, M. Maguire, R. Rafferty, M. Caldwell, R. Hone, C. M. MacDonagh-White, Dermot Kelleher, R. Namushi, G. MacKenzie, Michael J. Kerin, James Bernard Walsh, Mark Lawler, A. K. Cherukuri, U. Fearon, M. Doran, S. Orwa, J. Liu, N. Al fnAnsari, A. P. Heaney, K. Tipton, M. Glennon, H. Grimes, S. Hamilton, C. Smith, C. M. Kilgallen, Thomas Barry, R. Horgan, C. Saidtéar, V. Urbach, A. B. P. Cullinane, M. A. Christie, K. Daly, L. Madrigal, D. R. Hadden, C. McCreary, Q. Razza, Catherine Hayes, T. Walsh, T. Clarke, E. T. Burke, S. Liston, D. Mulherin, M. P. Reilly, D. Tansey, N. Cannon, V. P. Coffey, A. A. El-Magbri, D. P. O’Donoghue, P. W. N. Keeling, Jack Phillips, L. Condren, Jill J. F. Belch, J. R. Anderson, B. McAdam, Reza Mofidi, F. Hegarty, J. Kavanagh, Frances J. Hayes, D. Murray, E. Holmes, J. Fenton, J. Strattan, G. D. Wright, D. H. Hill, H. G. Nelson, A. C. Moloney, J. Goh, C. S. McArdle, G. Loughrey, J. Phillips, J. Fennell, T. Aherne, J. Stronge, S. Lewis, Kieran Sheahan, T. Markham, Madeline Murphy, P. J. Byrne, B. Harding, R. Hitchcock, M. Bourke, J. McSweeney, K. Colgan, Z. Johnson, D. Cotter, R. F. Harrison, Patricia Fitzpatrick, J. Feely, J. Crowe, H. F. Given, A. Mofidi, M. Hynes, E. B. McNamara, Michael J. Turner, T. Woods, Blánaid Hayes, J. Tyrrell, E. O’Toole, G. G. Lavery, A. M. Deveney, A. J. McShane, O. Bradley, B. Blackwood, O. White, L. W. Poulter, H. Maguire, E. S. Prosser, N. Dowd, Michael Kennedy, Peter J. Kelly, John J. O'Leary, K. Hickey, B. C. Morrow, P. Oslizlok, Malachi J. McKenna, J. Fabry, R. Chander, D. Clarke, C. O’Sullivan, M. O’Reilly, M. M. Young, F. Abuaisha, Clare O'Connor, N. A. Herity, J. Toland, D. Buckley, G. Kirk, E. Maguire, Cecily Kelleher, I. Hillary, H. D. Alexander, R. Keimowitz, L. H. Murray, S. Hennessy, D. Whyte, K. Holmes, M. S. Robson, J. Stratton, Conor T. Keane, B. Kanagaratnam, A. Heffernan, J. Golden, Anthony O'Grady, A. Tobin, J. I. O’Riordan, D. Sloan, Niall O'Higgins, A. Vance, A. Foot, B. Murphy, F. Mulvany, P. C. Sham, J. Higgins, P. M. Mercer, G. Browne, Y. Young, H. J. Gallagher, Thomas F. Gorey, A. Lane, Nollaig A. Parfrey, P. R. O’Connell, J. O’Neill, J. Adgey, Z. Imam, R. O’Sullivan, D. Maguire, L. Thornton, L. Drury, Douglas J. Veale, M. Reilly, M. Eljamel, A. W. Murphy, J. Laundon, M. Reidy, E. Ryan, A. Bacigalupo, C. O’Shaughnessy, B. Silke, R. A. Greene, J. P. McGrath, Connail McCrory, C. T. Keane, S. McMechan, J. Strangeways, T. O’Gorman, Malcolm D. Smith, M. Madden, G. Nicholson, B. O’Shea, A. McCann, M. Foley, G. Gearty, J. Hosseini, R. O’Moore, A. Taylor, A. M. Hetherton, Elizabeth Smyth, John V. Reynolds, J. A. B. Keogh, John Bonnar, D. Cafferty, D. Graham, J. R. Lennon, Barry Bresnihan, B. Denham, R. Holliman, M. B. O’Connor, Y. K. Tay, Padraic MacMathuna, M. S. Eljamel, H. Osborne, G. Shanik, S. M. Lavelle, R. Watson, Premkumar, M. Byrne, Fionnuala M. McAuliffe, S. Sharif, S. Killalea, E. Zimmermann, K. Kengasu, D. Duff, A. Hickey, D. McShane, J. Fogarty, M. Geoghegan, G. O’Reilly, T. Scott, P. Killeen, T. Kinsella, E. McIlrath, Helen M. Byrne, M. Borton, R. A. Rusk, J. M. McGinley, P. L. Yeoh, D. Warde, R. Stanwell-Smith, John Newell, M. Greer, David J. Brayden, E. M. Lavelle, C. D’Arrigo, J. McManus, R. Gonsalves, Barbara Murray, P. Murphy, G. D’Arcy, Camillus K. Power, N. Hughes, P. M. E. McCormack, R. Dwyer, N. Iman, R. B. Fitzsimons, S. C. Sharma, M. Carmody, Stewart R. Walsh, Gillian M. Murphy, E. McGuinness, L. Kevin, E. Barrett, S. K. Cunningham, A. Orren, S. Ni Scanaill, Karl Gaffney, P. McCormack, M. Martin, J. Malone, E. L. Egan, M. J. Walshe, D. Walsh, S. Kaf Al-Ghazal, M. Kuliszewski, S. Blankson, J. R. Sutherst, M. Lynch, M. T. Thornton, I. Boylan, Fiona Mulcahy, Oliver FitzGerald, T. N. Walsh, Y. Wen, K. McQuaid, D. R. McCance, M. Hall, U. Ni Riain, J. Hollyer, Michael Walsh, J. Donohoe, J. Doherty, D. Carney, D. J. Moore, S. E. Lawlor, K. Birthistle, H. S. Khoo Tan, A. M. Powell, G. Boyle, C. Burke, D. Veale, E. Lawlor, L. Zimmerman, M. Stewart, L. Hemeryck, Conor Burke, Irene B. Hillary, A. Pooransingh, K. Butler, P. W. Johnston, Daniel Rawluk, N. Foreman, M. J. Conran, B. L. Sheppard, P. Gilligan, D. Keane, E. Mulligan, D. Phelan, J. G. Kelly, J. Stack, Y. McBrinn, E. Sweeney, S. Calvert, E. A. Maguire, E. Keane, D. McKeogh, M. Post, S. N. Tham, P. Connolly, A. C. Gordon, Frank Gannon, Rosemarie Freaney, C. Collins, J. F. Malone, B. Moule, C. Saidlear, Seamus Sreenan, S. Teahan, J. McCann, J. Dixon, C. Quigley, J. L. Waddington, D. Maher, I. Graham, Diarmaid Hughes, S. Thomas, A. O’Leary, K. Carroll, A. M. Bourke, J. Candal Couto, N. Nolan, R. Harper, D. P. O’Brien, T. C. M. Morris, E. O’Leary, Michael M. Maher, M. White, C. Hallahan, N. Ni Scannlain, Colm O'Morain, E. Hayes, Luke Clancy, B. Stuart, P. Crean, J. Dowling, I. Cree, M. A. Heneghan, B. Cassidy, C. A. Barnes, Donald G. Weir, J. Flynn, E. Clarke, J. Stinson, N. Gardiner, R. Mulcahy, B. J. Harvey, Gerald C. O'Sullivan, G. S. A. McDonald, P. Costigan, P. O’Connor, D. Carrington, J. Goulding, C. Sheehan, A. Kitching, Conleth Feighery, M. LaFoy, E. Coleman, S. Pathmakanthan, C. Condon, S. B. Grimes, J. M. O’Donoghue, J. Hildebrand, Gerard Bury, A. W. Clare, S. Feely, S. R. McCann, J. A. O’Hare, B. E. Kelly, A. Moloney, M. Donnelly, D. O’Meara, and A. Chan

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Family medicine, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Medicine, General Medicine, business, medicine.disease_cause
Published
1994
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16. Irish thoracic society

Author

K. H. Chan, H. P. Singh, T. Aherne, U. Carabine, H. Gilliland, J. R. Johnston, K. G. Lowry, J. McGuigan, J. Cosgrove, D. Veerasingham, J. McCarthy, J. Hurley, A. E. Wood, R. Gilliland, J. A. McGuigan, K. G. McManus, P. Wilkinson, L. C. Johnston, J. MacMahon, D. Wilson, C. Austin, V. Anikin, K. McManus, J. R. P. Gibbons, R. Sharkey, M. Long, A. Maree, S. O’Neill, C. P. Maguire, J. P. Hayes, J. Masterson, M. X. Fitzgerald, M. Hayes, C. Quigley, A. Mofidi, R. Mofidi, M. O’Neill, J. B. G. Watson, E. T. O’Halloran, C. Shortt, M. Taylor, C. Holland, P. O’Lorcain, S. Pathmakanthan, S. Sreenan, C. K. Power, L. W. Poulter, C. M. Burke, D. Reilly, S. Doyle, C. Power, A. Goggin, P. Debenham, A. Southey, C. M. O’Connor, W. J. Bourke, T. J. McDonnell, J. B. Buck, T. R. A. Magee, R. C. Lowry, A. N. J. Graham, W. A. Owens, S. B. Kelly, R. W. Costelloe, J. Ryan, J. Collins, D. Guerin, D. Rooney, E. Long, M. O’Donnell, T. P. Cotter, C. P. Bredin, J. B. Buick, J. J. MacMahon, G. Finlay, D. Concannon, P. T. Reid, J. Alderdice, J. Carson, D. G. Sinnamon, S. Murphy, T. Scott, C. T. Keane, J. B. Walsh, D. Coakley, D. McKeown, P. Kelly, L. Clancy, J. L. Kiely, B. Cryan, P. Killeen, S. Farrell, D. M. O’Riordan, S. Sheehan, J. Curtain, J. Hogan, A. Malone, S. Ahmed, M. Murphy, W. Fennell, C. Keohane, C. M. Gleeson, A. J. Ritchie, S. E. H. Russell, E. Molloy, M. Keane, R. Coakley, R. Costello, C. Condron, R. G. W. Watson, C. Kelly, H. Redmond, W. Watson, P. Burke, D. Bouchier-Hayes, S. C. Donnelly, C. Haslett, I. Dransfield, C. E. Robertson, D. C. Carter, J. A. Ross, I. S. Grant, T. F. Tedder, L. G. Heaney, L. J. M. Cross, C. F. Stanford, Madeleine Ennis, L. Gergely, N. Deng, R. M. Rose, T. Hennessy, L. Hickey, L. Thornton, C. Collum, M. Durity, J. Power, H. Johnson, B. Lee, E. Doherty, E. Kelly, T. McDonnell, G. Varghese, J. Gibbons, N. H. Gower, and R. M. Rudd

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Cystic fibrosis, language.human_language, Respiratory Medicine, Irish, medicine, language, Continuous positive airway pressure, Intensive care medicine, business
Published
1994
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17. Comparison of the synthetic oligonucleotide gene probe and infant mouse bioassay for detection of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli

Author

B. Cryan

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Molecular Probe Techniques, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Enterotoxins, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli, medicine, Animals, Humans, Heat-stable enterotoxin, Gene probe, Diagnostic Errors, Incubation, Gene, Escherichia coli Infections, Oligonucleotide, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, General Medicine, Molecular biology, Blot, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Biological Assay, DNA Probes, DNA
Abstract

A commercial DNA/DNA hybridisation kit for the detection of Escherichia coli heat stable enterotoxin gene sequences was compared to the suckling mouse bioassay using 183 isolates of Escherichia coli from clinical specimens. The gene probe assay had a specificity of 99% and a sensitivity of 90.4% compared to the infant mouse method. Using the colony blot method of preparing the bacterial DNA and a hybridisation temperature of 50 degrees C optimal results were obtained. The gene probe method is not affected by the incubation conditions of the test organisms. It is technically straightforward and can be applied to large numbers of specimens with fewer logistic difficulties than with the bioassay.

Published
1990
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18. Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland Section of Pathology

Author

M. Lynch, L. Cotter, M. McMenamin, Eoin F. Gaffney, G. Harbourne, Amanda O'Neill, Shaun R. McCann, N. AlAnsari, P. Greer, Edmond Smyth, D. O’Brien, John Crowe, Fergus Shanahan, Séamus Fanning, M. H. R. Hutchinson, E. Waters, Gerald C. O'Sullivan, B. Loo, Stewart Webb, Paula C. Byrne, C. Duggan, F. K. Brennan, C. E. Connolly, Gary Lee, Grace Callagy, E. McNamara, J. C. O’Keane, M. Madden, John Murphy, Robert Cunney, Nollaig A. Parfrey, and B. Cryan

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Ophthalmology, Section (typography), Medicine, Library science, General Medicine, business
Published
1997
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19. Antibiotic prescribing policy and Clostridium difficile diarrhoea

Author

Kieran O'Connor, B. Cryan, M. Kingston, Denis O'Mahony, M. O'Donovan, and C. Twomey

Subjects
Diarrhea, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Cephalosporin, Antibiotics, Moxifloxacin, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Medical prescription, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Intensive care medicine, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Cross Infection, business.industry, Clostridioides difficile, Incidence (epidemiology), Mortality rate, Incidence, General Medicine, Clostridium difficile, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cephalosporins, Hospitalization, Injections, Intravenous, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Ireland, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: Broad-spectrum antibiotics, particularly intravenous cephalosporins, are associated with Clostridium difficile diarrhoea. Diarrhoea due to C. difficile is a growing problem in hospitals, especially among elderly patients. Aim: To establish whether changing an antibiotic policy with the aim of reducing the use of injectable cephalosporins leads to a reduction in the incidence of C. difficile diarrhoea in elderly patients. Design: Retrospective analysis. Methods: A group of patients who were subject to the new antibiotic policy from the period following July 2000, were compared with patients who were admitted prior to July 2000 and were not subject to the new policy. Infections, antibiotic prescriptions and mortality rates were determined from case notes, and C. difficle diarrhoea rates from microbiological data. Results: Intravenous cephalosporin use fell from 210 to 28 defined daily doses ( p < 0.001) following the change in antibiotic policy, with a corresponding increase in piperacillin-tazobactam ( p < 0.001) and moxifloxacin ( p < 0.001) use. The new policy led to a significant reduction in C. difficile diarrhoea cases. The relative risk of developing C. difficile infection with the old policy compared to the new policy was 3.24 (95%CI 1.07–9.84, p = 0.03). Discussion: The antibiotic policy was successfully introduced into an elderly care service. It reduced both intravenous cephalosporin use and C. difficile diarrhoea.

Published
2004

20. Royal academy of medicine in Ireland section of pathology Proceedings of Registrar’s Prize Meeting held Wednesday 26th January, 1994

Author

P. Costello, E. E. Mooney, Peter A. Dervan, Stewart R. Walsh, J. Stack, Eoin F. Gaffney, E. C. Sweeney, Laurent Boissel, F. Flanagan, M. J. Staunton, J. F. Walker, B. Cryan, Amanda McCann, C. Sheehan, Séamus Fanning, M. Lynch, A. Grace, M. J. Kennedy, and D. O’B. Hourihane

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Ophthalmology, Section (typography), Library science, Medicine, General Medicine, business
Published
1995
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21. Trends in antimicrobial susceptibility among isolates of Campylobacter species in Ireland and the emergence of resistance to ciprofloxacin

Author

Brigid Lucey, B. Cryan, T. Buckley, Fiona O'Halloran, Patrick Wall, and Séamus Fanning

Subjects
medicine.drug_class, Tetracycline, Antibiotics, Drug Resistance, Erythromycin, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, DNA gyrase, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Poultry, law.invention, Microbiology, Anti-Infective Agents, law, Ciprofloxacin, medicine, Animals, Humans, Polymerase chain reaction, General Veterinary, biology, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.drug
Abstract

Measurements were made of the susceptibility to six commonly prescribed antibiotics, including erythromycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, of 130 isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and 15 isolates of Campylobacter coli cultured from human and poultry sources during 2000. The results were compared with the results from a collection of strains isolated between 1996 and 1998. The levels of resistance to erythromycin remained low, 2 per cent and 4.4 per cent for the human and poultry isolates, respectively. Resistance to tetracycline had increased to 31 per cent and 24.4 per cent from 13.9 per cent and 18.8 per cent for the human and poultry isolates, respectively. However, the resistance to ciprofloxacin of the strains isolated during 2000 had increased to 30 per cent, whereas between 1996 and 1998 there had been no resistance to this agent among human isolates, and only 3-1 per cent resistance among poultry isolates. The molecular basis for this resistance has been shown to be the result of a single amino acid substitution, Thr-86-lle, in the gyrA subunit of DNA gyrase in C jejuni . A subset of 59 isolates was tested by molecular methods and all of the 25 phenotypically resistant isolates possessed this substitution. None of the human isolates had been treated with ciprofloxacin before their laboratory isolation.

Published
2002

22. Farmer's lung in Ireland (1983-1996) remains at a constant level

Author

B. Cryan, C. P. Bredin, J.L. Kiely, and Deirdre McGrath

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Climate, Rain, Risk Factors, Epidemiology, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Prospective Studies, Socioeconomics, Prospective cohort study, business.industry, Farmer's lung, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, General Medicine, University hospital, medicine.disease, Respiratory Medicine, Survival Rate, Epidemiological Monitoring, Farmer's Lung, Female, business, Ireland, Working environment, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

A prospective study was undertaken by the Departments of Respiratory Medicine and Medical Microbiology at the Cork University Hospital, a. to investigate the epidemiology of Farmer’s Lung (F.L.) in the Republic of Ireland (pop. 3.5 million), with special reference to the South Western Region of this country (pop. 536,000) and b. to assess any relationship between the prevalence/incidence of F.L. with climatic factors in South West Ireland, between 1983 and 1996. F.L. incidence remained constant throughout the 13 yrs studied both on a national and a regional basis. A significant relationship was also found between total rainfall each summer and F.L. incidence and prevalence over the following yr (p

Published
1999

23. Irish Thoracic Society: Proceeds of Annual Scientific Meeting held Friday & Saturday 8th & 9th November, 1996

Author

R. Coakley, S. O’Neill, P. Glynn, G. A. Finlay, K. J. Russell, K. McMahon, E. M. D’Arcy, J. B. Masterson, M. X. Fitzgerald, C. M. O’Connor, L. R. O’Driscoll, L. P. A. McGarvey, P. Forsythe, L. G. Heaney, J. MacMahon, M. Ennis, C. Leonard, V. Tormey, C. M. Burke, L. W. Poulter, V. M. Keatings, M. X. FitzGerald, P. J. Barnes, H. R. Harty, D. R. Corfield, L. Adams, R. M. Schwartzstein, J. F. Kiely, A. Buckley, P. Shiels, P. C. Deegan, B. Maurer, W. T. McNicholas, K. A. Dunlop, B. Martin, M. Riley, M. D. Shields, I. Kilgallen, N. G. McElvaney, D. Cervantes-Laurean, N. Wehr, K. Gabriele, W. Robinson, J. Moss, R. L. Levine, V. Urbach, D. Walsh, B. Harvey, M. C. McElroy, J-F. Pittet, L. Allen, J. Wiener-Kroonish, L. G. Dobbs, D. M. O’Donnell, K. J. McMahon, C. O’Connor, P. McGuirk, B. Mahon, F. Griffin, K. H. G. Mills, R. Murphy, F. Brijker, E. Mulloy, J. W. Cohen Tervaert, J. Walshe, R. C. Lowry, D. R. T. Shepherd, L. A. Gamble, C. Carton, R. Memon, D. Winter, A. Chan, T. Aherne, P. O’Reilly, J. A. Harbison, S. O’Callaghan, M. Keane, M. McKenna, S. Woods, A. Lamon, J. Faul, M. Murphy, J. Porszasz, M. P. K. J. Engelen, B. Brundage, K. Wasserman, M. Sweeney, R. G. O’Regan, P. McLoughlin, V. Honner, B. Sinnott, D. S. McGrath, J. Kiely, B. Cryan, C. P. Bredin, C. Shortt, M. Stack, N. Kelleher, J. McRedmond, N. Mulkerji, V. Keatings, G. M. Boylan, L. J. M. Cross, S. Davern, T. J. McDonnell, J. L. Kiely, G. Lawless, S. Cunningham, J. Lordan, L. Clancy, P. Manning, P. Plunkett, D. Donaghy, F. Ben Musbah, B. G. Loftus, R. Rutherford, S. N. E. Watson, J. J. Gilmartin, M. Henry, G. Mullins, and N. Brennan

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Irish, business.industry, Ophthalmology, language, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Library science, Medicine, General Medicine, business, language.human_language
Abstract

The abstract is included in the text.

Published
1998

24. Applications of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in diagnosis

Author

C. Joyce, A. Corbett, B. Cryan, Séamus Fanning, and J. O’Mullane

Subjects
Male, Heterozygote, Staphylococcus aureus, Cystic Fibrosis, Molecular Sequence Data, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, law.invention, Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, HLA-DQ Antigens, medicine, Humans, Allele, Gene, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase, Alleles, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Base Sequence, business.industry, General Medicine, DNA, Molecular biology, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, chemistry, Mutation, biology.protein, Female, Variants of PCR, business, Tissue typing
Abstract

This paper reports on three applications of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the pathology laboratory, cystic fibrosis carrier status investigation, Staphylococcus aureus identification and HLA-DQ alpha tissue typing. Allele specific PCR was used to detect the common cystic fibrosis mutation (delta F508) in an Irish family. The genomic status of each member was shown to be either heterozygous (carrier) or homozygous (affected) for the mutation, based on the resolution of allelic amplifications in an agarose gel. Five staphylococci were subjected to PCR designed to amplify a 137 bp DNA fragment from the S. aureus protein A gene (spa). Four isolates gave a coloured "dot-blot" positive signal, the fifth was negative. In the final application the HLA-DQ alpha region was amplified using DNA obtained from four unrelated individuals. Amplified DNA was tissue typed in a reverse "dot-blot" format. All individuals had unique HLA-DQ alpha types. These examples have been chosen to demonstrate the versatility of this technique and to illustrate some of its potential applications.

Published
1995

25. Inaugural national scientific medical meeting

Author

P. Noonan Walsh, C. Conliffe, A. S. Abdulkadir, P. Kelehan, R. Conroy, M. Foley, P. Lenehan, J. F. Murphy, J. Stronge, B. Cantwell, C. Wright, M. Millward, M. Carpenter, T. Lennard, R. Wilson, C. Home, A. R. Corbett, G. O’Sullivan, J. K. Collins, M. Doran, E. W. M. McDermott, P. Mercer, P. Smyth, N. J. O’Higgins, M. J. Duffy, D. Reilly, E. McDermott, C. Faul, J. J. Fennelly, N. O’Higgins, S. Lowry, H. Russell, R. Atkinson, I. Hickey, F. O’Brien, A. O’Mahony, M. O’Donoghue, M. Pomeroy, E. S. Prosser, F. Barker, M. Casey, K. Carroll, M. Davis, G. Duffy, R. O’Kennedy, P. P. A. Smyth, D. O’Carroll, A. M. Hetherton, E. Coveney, V. McAlister, M. J. Murray, D. J. Brayden, A. O’Hora, J. Street, J. O’Leary, A. M. Pollock, M. Crowley, I. Healy, J. Murphy, R. Landers, L. Burke, D. O’Brien, P. Annis, J. Hogan, W. Kealy, F. A. Lewis, C. T. Doyle, M. Callaghan, A. Whelan, C. Feighery, B. Bresnihan, D. Kelleher, G. Reams, A. Murphy, N. Hall, E. B. Casey, D. Mulherin, E. Doherty, G. Yanni, E. Wallace, J. Jackson, M. Bennett, O. Tighe, H. Mulcahy, D. O’Donoghue, D. T. Croke, R. J. Cahill, S. Beattie, H. Hamilton, C. O’Morain, B. Corridan, R. A. Collins, C. A. O’Morain, E. Fitzgerald, J. M. Gilvarry, M. Leader, J. F. Fielding, B. T. Johnson, S. A. Lewis, A. H. G. Love, B. T. Johnston, J. S. A. Collins, R. J. McFarland, P. W. Johnston, B. J. Collins, C. M. Kilgallen, G. M. Murphy, G. M. Markey, J. A. McCormack, R. C. Curry, T. C. M. Morris, H. D. Alexander, S. Edgar, M. Treacy, M. A. O’Connell, D. G. Weir, J. Sheehan, G. O’Loughlin, O. Traynor, N. Walsh, H. X. Xia, M. A. Daw, C. T. Keane, C. Dupont, G. Gibson, E. McGinnity, J. Walshe, M. Carmody, J. Donohoe, P. McGrath, R. O’Moore, E. Kieran, S. Rogers, K. E. McKenna, M. Walsh, E. A. Bingham, A. E. Hughes, N. C. Nevin, D. J. Todd, C. F. Stanford, M. E. Callender, D. Burrows, D. G. Paige, G. E. Allen, D. P. O’Brien, D. B. Gough, C. Phelan, H. F. Given, S. Zia Kamal, S. Kehoe, S. Coldicott, D. Luesley, K. Ward, H. F. MacDonnell, S. Mullins, I. Gordon, L. A. Norris, M. Devitt, J. Bonnar, S. C. Sharma, B. L. Sheppard, R. Fitzsimons, S. Kingston, M. Garvey, H. M. C. V. Hoey, J. F. T. Glasgow, R. Moore, P. H. Robinson, E. Murphy, J. F. A. Murphy, A. E. Wood, P. Sweeney, M. Neligan, D. MacLeod, G. Cunnane, P. Kelly, P. Corcoran, L. Clancy, R. M. Drury, M. I. Drury, D. Powell, R. G. R. Firth, T. Jones, B. F. Ferris, W. O’Flynn, J. O’Donnell, S. M. Kingston, F. Cunningham, G. M. E. Hinds, D. R. McCluskey, F. Howell, M. O’Mahony, J. Devlin, O. O’Reilly, C. Buttanshaw, S. Jennings, E. R. Keane, C. Foley-Nolan, F. M. Ryan, M. Taylor, R. A. Lyons, F. O’Kelly, J. Mason, D. Carroll, K. Doherty, M. Flynn, R. O’Dwyer, J. J. Gilmartin, C. F. McCarthy, C. Armstrong, D. Mannion, T. Feely, G. Fitzpatrick, C. M. Cooney, J. Chin Aleong, R. Rooney, J. Lyons, D. M. Phelan, G. P. Joshi, S. M. McCarroll, W. P. Blunnie, T. M. O’Brien, D. C. Moriarty, J. Brangan, C. P. Kelly, P. Kenny, H. Gallagher, E. McGovern, D. Luke, D. Lowe, T. Rice, D. Phelan, J. B. Lyons, F. M. Lyons, D. M. McCoy, J. McGinley, J. Hurley, P. McDonagh, J. J. Crowley, S. M. Donnelly, M. Tobin, O. Fitzgerald, B. J. Maurer, P. J. Quigley, G. King, E. B. Duly, T. R. Trinick, D. Boyle, G. B. Wisdom, F. Geoghegan, P. B. Collins, C. Goss, K. Younger, P. Mathias, I. Graham, S. W. MacGowan, P. Sidhu, D. J. McEneaney, D. J. Cochrane, A. A. J. Adgey, J. M. Anderson, J. Moriarty, C. Fahy, A. Lavender, L. Lynch, C. McGovern, A. M. Nugent, D. Neely, I. Young, I. McDowell, M. O’Kane, D. P. Nicholls, D. McEneaney, D. P. Nichols, N. P. S. Campbell, G. C. Campbell, M. I. Halliday, A. F. O’Donnell, M. Lonergan, T. Ahearne, J. O’Neill, T. V. Keaveny, D. Ramsbottom, D. Boucher-Hayes, R. Sheahan, M. T. Garadaha, D. Kidney, P. Freyne, G. Gearty, P. Crean, H. P. Singh, M. Hargrove, K. Subareddy, J. P. Hurley, W. O’Rourke, C. O’Connor, M. X. FitzGerald, T. J. McDonnell, R. Chan, J. Stinson, L. Hemeryck, J. Feely, M. P. Chopra, A. Sivner, S. M. Sadiq, E. Abernathy, L. Plant, C. P. Bredin, P. Hickey, G. Slevin, K. McCrory, M. Long, P. Conlon, F. Walker, P. Fitzgerald, S. J. O’Neill, C. M. O’Connor, C. Quigley, S. Donnelly, A. Southey, E. Healy, F. Mulcahy, D. J. Lyons, J. Keating, C. O’Mahony, D. Roy, A. G. Shattock, I. B. Hillary, A. Waiz, R. Hossain, B. Chakraborthy, L. P. Clancy, L. O’Reilly, C. Byrne, E. Costello, E. O’Shaughnessy, B. Cryan, J. Farrell, J. J. Walshe, G. J. Mellotte, C. A. Ho, S. H. Morgan, M. R. Bending, and J. Bonner

Subjects
Medical education, business.industry, Medicine, General Medicine, business, Article
Published
1993
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26. Appropriateness of laboratory tests: Requests for atypical pneumonia serology in a teaching hospital

Author

L. M. Jackson, B. Cryan, Cornelius C. Cronin, C. P. Bredin, and Fergus Shanahan

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Acute infection, Sensitivity and Specificity, Medical care, Serology, Teaching hospital, medicine, Humans, Serologic Tests, Medical diagnosis, Hospitals, Teaching, Intensive care medicine, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Atypical Bacterial Forms, Retrospective cohort study, Pneumonia, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Test (assessment), Atypical pneumonia, Female, business
Abstract

The cost of providing medical care is ever-increasing but the resources available are at best static. Major savings can be made by reducing inappropriate investigations. Using serological testing for organisms causing atypical pneumonia as an example, we examined the appropriateness of requests and also physicians' understanding of the test. Of 119 patients tested, only 3 had titres indicative of acute infection. Most patients were tested within 2 days of hospital admission, before receipt of results excluding more likely diagnoses. Forty-five patients had no current or recent respiratory symptoms, in whom infection was highly unlikely. Titres were most often requested by the least experienced members of the clinical team. Of 70 patients with an acute illness in whom a definitive diagnosis, bacteriological or otherwise, was not made, in only 9 was a convalescent specimen sent for follow-up titres. Most requests for serology for organisms causing atypical pneumonia were inappropriate. Furthermore, in the majority of cases the test was incorrectly used.

Published
1996
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27. Comparison of the API Staph. Kit and a two sugar maltose/ trehalose fermentation test in the identification of staphlococcus epidermidis

Author

G. Corbett-Feeney, J. Flynn, and B. Cryan

Subjects
Coagulase, biology, business.industry, Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, Trehalose, General Medicine, Maltose, Disaccharides, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Medicine, Fermentation, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, business, Sugar, Staphylococcus
Abstract

Coagulase negative staphylococci are frequently isolated from clinical specimens. Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most pathogenic coagulase negative staphylococcus. In this paper, we compared the results obtained when Staphylococcus epidermidis is identi fied by a commercially available kit, the API Staph kit, and by a simple two sugar method, trehalose and maltose. Both methods concurred and we feel that the two sugar method provides an inexpensive rapid and simple means of identifying Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Published
1986
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28. Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland Proceedings of Section of Pathology — Registrars Prize Meeting, 22nd January 1988

Author

D. McKenna, W. A. Tanner, Ara Darzi, P. Kelehan, B. Cryan, Shaun R. McCann, K. Pape, J. R. T. Monson, F. Martin, G. Shanik, F. M. Stevens, Austin Leahy, Elaine W. Kay, E. Leen, J. Flynn, Frank B. V. Keane, E. Conneally, M. Reynolds, T. Dorman, C. E. Connolly, M. Kiernan, D. O’B. Hourihane, J. E. Gillan, B. Loftus, and C. F. McCarthy

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Ophthalmology, Family medicine, Section (typography), Medicine, General Medicine, business
Published
1988
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29. EnterohaemorrhagicEscherichia coli serotype 0157:H7 as an enteric pathogen in Irish Children

Author

B Cryan

Subjects
Serotype, business.industry, Sorbitol-MacConkey agar, General Medicine, Enteric pathogen, medicine.disease_cause, Serotype O157, Virology, Microbiology, carbohydrates (lipids), chemistry.chemical_compound, Diarrhea, fluids and secretions, chemistry, Antigen, medicine, medicine.symptom, MacConkey agar, business, Escherichia coli
Abstract

In this study sorbitol MacConkey agar was used to screen E. coli isolated from 894 children with diarrhoea. Thirty-four non-sorbitol fermenters were detected. On serotyping, three organisms belonged to the O157 serogroup. Only one of these possessed the H7 antigen. This organism was a verotoxin producer. These findings suggest that E. coli O157:H7 is an uncommon enteric pathogen in Irish children.

Published
1989
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