Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation within a cell is a natural process of certain sub-cellular components involved in redox reactions. Within a plant cell, chloroplasts are one of the major roofs for ROS generation. Plastid generated ROS molecules involve singlet oxygen (1 O2 ), superoxide radical (O2 - ), hydroxyl radical (OH• ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) which are produced mainly during photochemical reactions of photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthetic process. Under normal growth and developmental process, generated ROS molecules act as a secondary messenger controlling several metabolic reactions, however perturbed environmental conditions lead to multifold amplification of cellular ROS that eventually drags the target cell to death. To maintain the homeostasis between production and scavenging of ROS, the cell has instituted several enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidant machineries to bring ROS at the physiological level. Among chloroplastic ROS molecules, excessive generation of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) is highly deleterious to the cells metabolic functions and in turn survival. Interestingly, within cellular antioxidant machinery, the enzymes involved in detoxification of 1 O2 are lacking. Recent studies suggest that under optimal concentration 1 O2 acts as a signaling molecule and drive the cell to either acclimation pathway or regulated cell death (RCD). Stress-induced RCD is one of the survival mechanisms for the whole plant and involvement of chloroplasts and chloroplasts localized molecules that execute RCD are not well understood. Through this review, we intend to advocate the participation of chloroplasts-generated 1 O2 in signaling and RCD in plants.