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Introduction. Newcastle disease (ND) is classified as especially dangerous pathogen. Its primary source is an infected or recovered bird. The virus shedding begins just in a day after infection, and virus remains in the body for another 2-4 months after the recovery. The complexity of the final elimination of the causative agent of the disease lies in its ability for long-term preservation in the external environment and the possibility of constant circulation in one complex between groups of birds of different sex and age. Therefore, the main element of protecting birds from ND is immunoprophylaxis that is based on vaccines containing an inactivated ND virus (NDV). The aim of the work ‒ is to optimize the parameters of inactivation of the NDV actual strain H with formaldehyde at final concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1% under temperature conditions of 20 2 and 37 0.5 C. Materials and methods. We used a virus-containing suspension of the NDV strain H with an initial biological activity of 10.75 lg EID50/cm3 grown by cultivation in 10-day-old developing chick embryos. Results. On the 16th day after the administration of the tested suspensions of NDV inactivated at different temperatures and concentrations of the inactivant , the geometric mean titers of antibodies to NDV in sera of vaccinated birds were at least 1 : 63 in the hemagglutination inhibition reaction, indicating that the studied inactivated suspensions were antigenically active. Conclusion. The optimal parameters of the inactivation mode (final concentration, temperature and time of inactivation) of the NDV strain H were established. The inactivation process at 37 0.5 C with inactivant concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1% lasts up to 72, 22, 18, and 12 hours, respectively. The inactivation process at 20 2 C with inactivant concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1% lasts up to 22 and 18 hours, respectively.

BACKGROUND:The most frequent complication of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in young children is severe viral pneumonia. AIM:To reveal the features of the course of coronavirus pneumonia in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A retrospective analysis of 54 case histories of children with coronavirus pneumonia, aged 1 month to 15 years, who received inpatient treatment in the Department of Pulmonology was performed. RESULTS:The disease was most often registered in children of the first three years of life (66,7%). 49 (90,7%) children turned out to be from family foci of coronavirus infection. The majority of children (4481.5%) had signs of respiratory failure of I-II degree. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of coronavirus was positive in 37 (68.5%) children. Radiologically, bilateral infiltrates were detected predominantly in the middle and lower parts of the lungs. The multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 was characterized by persistent fever, multiple organ damage and clinical and laboratory shifts. The vast majority of cases involved transmission from adult patients. The disease most often developed in children under 3 years of age. The course of the disease is accompanied by the development of grade III respiratory failure and intoxication. PCR for the presence of coronavirus may be negative due to late admission of patients to the hospital. Radiological changes were characterized by extensive bilateral lesions mainly in the lower and middle lobes of the lungs. Persistent fever, multiorgan lesions, clinical and laboratory shifts in coronavirus pneumonia in children indicate the development of multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS:Pneumonia in most cases proceeded with the development of respiratory failure, symptoms of gastrointestinal tract damage, a pronounced intoxication syndrome. At the same time, there was revealed inconsistency of radiologically extensive lung lesions with more scanty auscultatory data.

Muscle relaxants are often given during general anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation. However, lingering effects after the end of anesthesia can lead to respiratory failure in the intensive care unit. Strategies to reduce these adverse events include monitoring for neuromuscular blockade, the use of short-acting drugs, and active pharmacological withdrawal before extubation. We analyzed the medical literature on neuromuscular block, its reversal and monitoring in neuromuscular block.

The objective: to assess the safety and compliance with new regimens for preventive treatment of drug susceptible and drug resistant tuberculosis.Subjects and Methods. The study was carried out in Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan; 182 patients from the groups facing the high risk of developing active tuberculosis received preventive tuberculosis treatment with new regimens: 71 patients were treated with isoniazid and rifampicin for 3 months (3 HR), 55 - with isoniazid and rifapentine for 1 month (1 HR), 56 - with levofloxacin for 6 months (6 Lfx).Results. During treatment with regimens 3 HR, 1 HP, 6 Lfx, no adverse events of severity degree 3-4 developed , while adverse events of severity degree 1-2 were rare and relieved. The patient-oriented approach to the organization of preventive chemotherapy made it possible to achieve high treatment completion rates: in the group receiving 3 HR, it was 97.2% of cases, in the group receiving 1 HP - 96.4%, and in the group receiving 6 Lfx - 82.2%.

Relevance: Worldwide, kidney cancer (KC) ranks sixth among the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men and 10th in women, accounting for 5% and 3% of all cancer diagnoses, respectively. In 2020, IARC reported 431,288 new cases and 179,368 deaths from KC worldwide. By 2040, they expect an increase of 40.4% in KC incidence (605,726 cases) and 59.4% in KC mortality (285,906 deaths). The aim was to analyze some kidney cancer indicators (incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification) to evaluate the oncological care in Kazakhstan in 2010-2019. 25. Ahmad O.E., Boschi-Pinto C., Lopez A.D., Murray C.J.L., Lozano R., Inoue M. Age standardization of rates: a new WHO standard. – GPE Discussion Paper Series: No.31. – EIP/GPE/EBD World Health Organization, 2001. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/defaultsource/gho-documents/global-health-estimates/gpe_discussion_ paper_series_paper31_2001_age_standardization_rates.pdf. 21.11.2022 26. Мерков А.М., Поляков Л.Е. Санитарная статистика. – Ленинград: Медицина, 1974 г. – 384 с. [Merkov A.M., Polyakov L.E. Sanitarnaya statistika. – Leningrad: Medicina, 1974 g. – 384 s. (in Russ.)]. 27. Гланц C. Медико-биологическая статистика. Пер. с англ. — М.: Практика, 1998. – 459 с. 28. Расчет t-критерия Стьюдента при сравнении средних величин (онлайн калькулятор) [Raschet t-kriteriya St’yudenta pri sravnenii srednix velichin (onlajn kal’kulyator) (in Russ.)] // medstatistic. ru/calculators/averagestudent.html. 21.11.2022 29. Закон Республики Казахстан. О государственной статистике: утв. 19 марта 2010 года, № 257-IV [Zakon Respubliki Kazaxstan. O gosudarstvennoj statistike: utv. 19 marta 2010 goda, № 257-IV (in Russ.)] // http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z100000257 30. WMA Declaration of Helsinki – Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. – 2013. . 21.11.2022. 31. Alkhateeb S.S., Alkhateeb J.M., Alrashidi E.A. Increasing trends in kidney cancer over the last 2 decades in Saudi Arabia // Saudi Med J. – 2015. – Vol. 36. – P. 698-703. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2015.6.10841 32. Arabsalmani M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Ghoncheh M., Hadadian F., Towhidi F., Vafaee K., Salehiniya H. Incidence and mortality of kidney cancers, and human development index in Asia; a matter of concern // J. Nephropathol. – 2016. – Vol. 6. – P. 30-42. https://doi. org/10.15171/jnp.2017.06 33. Thorstenson A., Bergman M., Scherman-Plogell A.H., Hosseinnia S., Ljungberg B., Adolfsson J., Lundstam S. Tumour characteristics and surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma in Sweden 2005-2010: a population-based study from the national Swedish kidney cancer register // Scand. J. Urol. – 2014. – Vol. 48. – P. 231-238. https://doi.org/10.3109/21 681805.2013.864698 ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ Онкология и радиология Казахстана, №4 (66) 2022 9 Прозрачность исследования: Авторы несут полную ответственность за содержание данной статьи. Конфликт интересов: Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Финансирование: Авторы заявляют об отсутствии финансирования исследования. Вклад авторов: вклад в концепцию – Кудайбергенова И.О., Игисинов Н.С., Дьяков С.С.; научный дизайн – Билялова З.А., Игисинова Г.С., Дьяков С.С.; исполнение заявленного научного исследования – Орозбаев С.Т., Дьяков С.С.; интерпретация заявленного научного исследования – Ажетова Ж.Р., Дьяков С.С., Тельманова Ж.Б.; создание научной статьи – Дьяков С.С., Тельманова Ж.Б. Сведения об авторах: Дьяков Сергей Сергеевич – науч. сотр. ОО «Central Asian Institute for Medical Research», Астана, Республика Казахстан; аспирант ГУ «Кыргызской государственной медицинской академии им. Ахунбаева», Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика; врач лучевой диагностики в РГП на ПХВ «Национальном научном Центре Травматологии и Ортопедии им. Акад. Н.Д. Батпенова МЗ РК», Астана, Республика Казахстан, тел. +77024622269, e-mail: sergey_djakov@mail.ru, ID ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7566-7094; Тельманова Жансая Бекмакановна – науч. сотр. ОО «Central Asian Institute for Medical Research», Астана, Республика Казахстан; науч. сотр. ОО «Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research», Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика; интерн 7-го курса факультета общей врачебной практики НАО «Медицинский университет Астана», Астана, Республика Казахстан, тел. +77075059398, e-mail: telmanova.zhansaya@gmail.com, ID ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2364-6520; Билялова Зарина Ароновна – PhD, асс. проф., гл. науч. сотр. ОО «Central Asian Institute for Medical Research», Астана, Республика Казахстан; ст. науч. сотр. ОО «Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research», Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика, тел. +77051464888,e-mail: z.bilyalova@gmail.com, ID ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0066-235X; Ажетова Жанерке Рахимбаевна – доц. каф. акушерства и гинекологии, НАО «Медицинский университет Астана», Астана, Республика Казахстан; науч. сотр. ОО «Central Asian Institute for Medical Research», Астана, Республика Казахстан, тел. +77017398009, e-mail: azhetova@mail.ru, ID ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8266-1720; Игисинова Гульнур Сагинбековна – к.м.н., доц. каф. онкологии, НАО «КазНМУ им. Асфендиярова», Алматы, Республика Казахстан; Учредитель и председатель ОО «Central Asian Institute for Medical Research», Астана, Республика Казахстан, e-mail: gulnurs@list.ru, ID ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6881-2257; Орозбаев Серикбай Тлеугабылович – к.м.н., доц. каф. хирургических болезней с курсами кардиоторакальной хирургии и ЧЛХ, НАО «Медицинский университет Астана», Астана, Республика Казахстан, науч. сотр. ОО «Central Asian Institute for Medical Research», Астана, Республика Казахстан, тел. +77015339881, e-mail: orazbaev_s.t@mail.ru, ID ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3895-0426; Кудайбергенова Индира Орозбаевна – д.м.н., проф., Ректор ГУ «Кыргызской государственной медицинской академии им. Ахунбаева», Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика; гл. науч. сотр. ОО «Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research», Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика, тел. +0(312)540495, e-mail: k_i_o2403@mail.ru, ID ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3007-8127; Игисинов Нурбек Сагинбекович (корреспондирующий автор) – д.м.н., проф., рук. ОО «Central Asian Institute for Medical Research», Астана, Республика Казахстан; проф. каф. хирургических болезней с курсами кардиоторакальной хирургии и ЧЛХ, НАО «Медицинский университет Астана», Астана, Республика Казахстан; Учредитель и председатель ОО «Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research», Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика; проф. каф. менеджмента научных исследований, ГУ «Кыргызская государственная медицинская академия им. Ахунбаева», Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика; НАО «Медицинский университет Астана», Астана, 010000, ул. Бейбитшилик, 49а, Республика Казахстан, тел. +77024293421, e-mail: n.igissinov@gmail.com, ID ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-6315. Methods: The material of the study was the data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan – annual Form No. 7 and 35 concerning KC (ICD 10 – C64) for 2010-2019 – incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method. Results: From 2010 to 2019, 10,966 new cases of KC and 3,866 deaths from this pathology were registered in Kazakhstan. KC incidence increased from 5.9±0.2%⁰⁰⁰ (2010) to 6.7±0.2%⁰⁰⁰ in 2019 (p=0.000). In dynamics, mortality rates from KC tended to decrease from 2.6±0.1%⁰⁰⁰ (2010) to 1.8±0.1%⁰⁰⁰ in 2019 (p=0.000). The study reveals a trend: the indicators of early diagnosis (the proportion of patients with stage I-II) improved from 50.7% (2010) to 69.1% in 2019, and, accordingly, the proportion of neglected patients decreased significantly with stage III (from 31.2% to 14.6%) and with stage IV (from 18.1% to 16.0%). Morphological verification indicators for KС improved by 44.7%, from 58.5% and 84.6%, respectively, in 2010 and 2019. Conclusion: The increase in KC incidence dictates further study of cause-and-effect relationships with risk factors to develop effective preventive measures and screening programs.

The modern structure of industry, outdated technologies form a wide range of environmental problems and sharply worsen the ecological situation. Various methods are used to clean water sources from oil spills: mechanical, thermal, physicochemical, biological. Among the available alternatives, oil sorbents are considered as one the most economical, efficient and environmentally friendly materials because oils can be properly absorbed by oil sorbents without causing secondary water pollution. The purpose of the research is to study the possibility of obtaining an effective magnetically controlled sorption material for cleaning the water surface from oil spills. Research objectives are to analyze the composition of electric arc steel-smelting furnaces (EASSF) dust; conduct research on the hydrophobization EASSF dust with paraffin; determine the optimal proportions of dust and hydrophobizator, which allow the material to maintain buoyancy and magnetic susceptibility; evaluate the interaction of the obtained material with an oil spills on water surface. The dust sample elemental composition was obtained using the ARL9900 Intellipower Workstation. The sorption material was prepared as follows: the EASSF dust was mixed with a sample of paraffin, then it was heated to 105 °C in an oven, mixed, and cooled to a temperature of 20 °C. The true density was determined by the pycnometric method. The method ASTM D2854-70 «Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Activated Carbons» was used to determine the bulk density. Electric steelmaking waste was used as a magnetically susceptible component. Studies have been carried out on its hydrophobization with paraffin for possible use in water treatment. With the waste : paraffin ratio of 1 : 0.07, a material with high hydrophobicity and buoyancy was obtained. Tests for thickening and extracting a crude oil spill from water surface proved the promise of using the obtained material for cleaning water from oil pollution.

This paper presents the results of a study on the ultrastructure of white blood cells under the influence of high-altitude factors in combination with cold. Materials and methods: 70 outbred male laboratory rats weighing 200-300 g; method of electron microscopic examination, statistical methods. Research results. It has been established that in rats, during adaptation to high altitude conditions, in combination with exposure to cold, there are sharp changes in the ultrastructure of leukocytes. In experimental animals on the 3rd day of observation, the level of volumetric density of mitochondria increased almost 2 times in neutrophils, 1.5 times in eosinophils, and 1.4 times in monocytes and medium lymphocytes. With an increase in the length of stay in the highlands in combination with cold exposure, the volumetric density of mitochondria continued to increase in all types of white blood cells, and on the 30th day of adaptation it remained statistically significantly higher both in comparison with the control and in comparison, with the indices of the animal group on the 3rd and day of adaptation. The volumetric density of ribosomes also increased statistically significantly on the 3rd day of adaptation to high mountains in combination with cold in neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes, and continued to increase by the 30th day of observation. A trend towards an increase in bulk density was also noted in cell vacuoles: on the 3rd day of adaptation, an increase in the volumetric density of vacuoles was recorded compared to the control in neutrophils. By the 30th day of adaptation, the bulk density of vacuoles, compared with animals on the 3rd day of adaptation, statistically significantly decreased, although it did not reach the indicators of animals in the control group. The bulk density of specific granites on the 3rd day of stay in the mountains in neutrophils and eosinophils decreased by almost 100%.

In this work, we investigate the harmful effect of codling moth in industrial fruit plantations of Krasnodar Krai. An analysis of growing expenditures on protective measures is carried out in connection with the high dynamics of macroeconomic processes and sanction measures. A correlation between the distribution of codling moth and the magnitude of climate change is noted. The need to increase the efficiency of measures aimed at the development and implementation of plantation and crop protection is highlighted. According to long-term research studies into the bioecological features of the phytophage development during vegetation, its following adaptation features are established: high adaptivity to variable weather conditions; high potential of pest resurgence during one vegetation period; changes in the pest phenology; an increase in the overall number of pests in those sections of the orchard where trees grow for 15–16 years and more. A scheme for the automated control of monitoring processes, optimum regime selection, application of biorational systems of efficiency control based on digital technologies is proposed. The technology for managing biotechnological processes of fruit plantation protection is described in terms of functional components, including the formation of a system of ecological and economic parameters of implementing insecticides against harmful pests; development of multivariant models and adaptive instruments of phytosanitary stability management of apple-tree agrocenoses based on the criteria of biologicalization, ecologization, and rational nature management; monitoring of the number of pest populations; phytosanitary stability of apple-tree plantations; regulations for effective and safe use of biorational, low-toxic chemical and biological preparations of new generation in apple-tree plantations; evaluation of the action of the studied preparations on non-target organisms. The latter include fruit analysis for the presence of residual amounts of background and impact pesticides, determination of phytotoxic effects of used preparations on the protected plants, evaluation of the studied preparations action on associated pests. A comparative study of available technologies for crop protection against codling moth is carried out. The efficiency of biological methods in the field of crop protection is substantiated.

Introduction. In recent years, diarrheal syndrome is the most common clinically significant negative effect of the antibiotic therapy (ABT), which constitutes a first-priority medical and social problem. The prescription of any antibiotic for any duration of treatment may cause a potential risk of developing antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). In that regard, there is a need for the systematization of the main pathogenetic aspects of the deveopment of AAD and the rationale for the use of probiotics to prevent its development and treatment. Aim. To conduct a comparative evaluation of the efficacy, adherence and tolerability of a synbiotic Floriosa containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bl-04, Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14, Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lr-32, inulin, B vitamins, and an eubiotic Bifiform containing Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium longum for the prevention of the development of AAD during and after the use of ABT in inpatients. Materials and methods. A total of 60 patients, which was used for the ABT in the hospital settings, were included in the study: the 1st group (30 patients) received a synbiotic, the 2nd group (30 patients) received an eubiotic. The efficacy of the preventive administration of drugs was assessed by Day 12 and 28 of the therapy. The methods included the patients’ assessment of the efficacy and satisfaction with treatment, an assay of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces via gas-liquid chromatography and a Clostridium difficile Toxin A + B rapid test. Results. No cases of AAD were detected in both groups. The study drugs were comparable in terms of their efficacy assessment by the doctor and patients. A trend towards a higher assessment of the therapeutic effect and satisfaction with synbiotic therapy was observed. Changes in the absolute and relative content of SCFAs in the patients’ feces from the baseline level were established. More pronounced positive changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of acids due to the treatment were identified in the patients who received the synbiotic and had more than 3 risk factors. Conclusions. The synbiotic Floriosa and probiotic Bifiform are effective drugs to prevent AAD. The synbiotic has advantages in terms of the overall assessment of the efficacy of the treatment and patient satisfaction, provides a pronounced protective effect on the intestinal microbiocenosis status during and after the ABT (as evidenced by the changes in SCFAs level in the feces), can be the drug of choice for the prevention of AAD, including AAD associated with C. difficile in individuals with more than 3 risk factors for the development of AAD.

Acute rhinosinusitis is a widespread pathology faced by both outpatient doctors and otorhinolaryngologists in hospitals. At the same time, only understanding of the principles for diagnosing various forms of sinusitis, in particular, the criteria for bacterial sinusitis, provides the adequate treatment decisions. Antibacterial therapy plays a key role in the treatment of patients with acute bacterial sinusitis. Additionally, there is an increasing frequency of the antibiotic resistance of the main bacterial pathogens in the respiratory group of diseases. Both in Russian and foreign clinical guidelines, the so-called lines of antibacterial therapy are clearly identified. Strict adherence to the national recommendations and a thorough analysis of clinical and anamnestic data allows a rational approach to the choice of an antibacterial drug. There is an increase in the rate of uncontrolled and inadequate antibacterial therapy, particularly using of penicillins and short course of macrolides, over the last decade. Such trend is dangerous due to the increased risks for the development of the antibiotic resistance to those groups of antibiotics. Use of dispersible forms is one of the key point of the strategies to overcome the antibiotic resistance. The most important features of dispersible forms of antibiotics are prevented destruction in the stomach and maximal absorption in the upper parts of small intestine. It allows to increase the bioavailability of the drug and to minimize the impact on the intestinal microbiome, which reduces the incidence of common adverse reactions from the gastrointestinal tract. According to literature, oral administration of dispersible forms of drugs allows to reach the plasma concentrations similar to those in parenteral administration.

The article describes a clinical report of a combination of congenital heart disease due to total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into the right atrium with congenital lung disease — lymphoangiectasia in a newborn infant. The role of extracardiac pathology on the course and outcome of cardiac surgery and the complexity of early diagnosis of a rare lung pathology are presented

The objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bedaquiline in new chemotherapy regimens in HIV-positive tuberculosis patients.Subjects and Methods. Treatment results of 60 patients with TB/HIV co-infection using treatment regimens containing bedaquiline were analyzed.Results. Patients with TB/HIV co-infection demonstrated poor adherence to treatment, so 46/60 (76.6%) patients did not complete the intensive phase of chemotherapy. The use of bedaquiline did not cause a critical prolongation of the QT according to ECG results, manifestations of arrhythmia, and it was well combined with ART. Sputum conversion (by culture) was registered in the following cases: by the end of the 2nd month of chemotherapy in 36/60 (60.0%) patients, by the end of the 6th month of chemotherapy – in 11/14 (78.6%) patients.

The subject of this article is the Epic of Manas, which is the eternal heritage of the Kyrgyz people. The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the application of the values of the Epic of Manas in the education of modern youth, the formation of intellectual, spiritual and vocabulary through the study of Kyrgyz culture, ethnography, ethnopedagogy, reflected in this epic. The article consists of three informational parts pointing to the historical value of the epic, its place in the modern world and its role in the upbringing and educational process. The article mentions the value of the epic by many historical figures, thinkers, philosophers and scientists, gives an approximate definition and interpretation of the word Manas from the Theosophical Dictionary. The authenticity of the personality of Manas is being discussed, scientists indicate the reasons and grounds for the origin of the epic from ancient times to the 19th century. Some scientists indicate the reasons for the emergence of the Epic of Manas, as one of the greatest phenomena of the oral story of the epic, passed from mouth to mouth and the incredible ability of a person to remember such a huge amount of information, which in truth many scientists consider an ocean of knowledge. From which you can extract so much information that is considered relevant in various fields of knowledge to this day. It is indicated, however, that many traditions from that time have been preserved and are still used, which is one of the cultural heritages of the Kyrgyz. In preparing the article, analytical and scientific methods of generalization and comparison of studies were used. The place of our great epic in world literature was also considered. The Epic of Manas talks about the preservation and upbringing of our valuable heritage. The scientific results of the article will be presented in secondary schools and universities.

The article discusses the methodological principles of teaching necessary for the successful implementation of communication skills in English by mathematics students. Currently, relevant views that play an important role in the development of professional communication skills of mathematics students have found a place in the newly adopted standard of higher mathematical professional education in Kyrgyzstan, and the goal of its implementation is proposed as a direct methodological principle. in the learning process can be analyzed. The article convincingly explains with examples what methodological principles should be based on in order to achieve the desired result in teaching English. It is reliably interpreted that the questions necessary for the proper organization of professional communication in English by mathematics students will be effective only if they are formulated on the basis of methodological principles derived from many years of experience.

The subject of this article is the orientation and definition of the essence, the content of the preparation of students of a pedagogical profile — future teachers for recreational activities, strengthening their health, in general, maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Where the proposed by us developed pedagogical system of formation of readiness for physical culture and sports activities, justified by a complex of pedagogical conditions, its effective practical implementation in the physical education of students has a certain role. Which testifies and proves that a differentiated and individual approach to the physical activity of students can form a creative, independent and active personality in the upcoming pedagogical activity. However, physical culture is considered as one of the types of human activity, it is also indicated here that physical activity is divided into 4 types: non-special physical education, sports, physical recreation and motor rehabilitation. Which fundamentally differ from each other in terms of the tasks to be solved, content, means, methods, forms of organization and types of occupations. It should be noted that the methodology, theory, methodology, applied educational standards, taking into account gender and passport data, experience of previous knowledge and skills, health status, and many other influencing factors have not yet been fully developed. Along with this, it should be noted that each type includes elements of other parts, since they are formed from one metasystem called “Physical Culture”. And as a final result, the article indicates that physical education and sports aimed at improving health, improving sportsmanship in achieving the highest results, have the character of maintaining a healthy lifestyle both in the process of study and in further work throughout life, where the reserve possibilities are revealed and the limiting levels of the human body in physical activity are revealed.

The study of the immune status of the population living in polluted air is relevant, since air pollution caused by transport, industrial facilities adversely affect the state of health and respiratory organs. To conduct a comparative analysis of clinical and instrumental signs of respiratory system disorders in residents of the regions of Kyrgyzstan with varying degrees of air pollution. Research materials and methods: a study was made of the characteristics of atmospheric air in three areas of Kyrgyzstan: in the area of ​​the village. Papan, in the area with. Gulbar of Aravan district and in the area of ​​Osh city in according to GOST17.2.3.01-86. During analysis, dust content, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide was determined. Atmospheric pollution significantly affects the human immune system, creating prerequisites for the development of diseases of the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Thus, a significant effect of atmospheric pollution on the human immune system has been established, the imbalance of the links of which creates prerequisites for development of respiratory system diseases and the cardiovascular system.

The selection of highly productive varieties is one way to increase crop yield, including red clover. New varieties should be specialised for the type of use and resistant to limiting environmental factors. The research aims to evaluate varieties of red clover of Russian and foreign breeding in terms of fodder and seed production in the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region. The studies were carried out in 2019–2021. on soddy medium podzolic medium loamy soil in the forest-meadow zone of the Udmurt Republic. The meteorological conditions of the growing seasons in the years of research were different: 2019 - waterlogged Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) - 1.73), 2020 - slightly dry (HTC - 1.04), 2021 - dry (HTC - 0, 78), incl. in May and June significant dryness was noted (HTC - 0.42 and 0.52, respectively). Clover varieties reached mowing ripe in 56–61 days. Varieties Metis, Milena and Blizard stood out on average for two years of using red clover herbage in terms of yield (5.3–5.7 t/ha of dry weight). The increase in foliage up to 44–55% to 4.9–6.2 g (mass of one stem) contributed to high yields in these varieties. The dry matter of red clover varieties contained 0.3–0.7% phosphorus, 1.2–2.4% potassium and 0.5–1.1% calcium. The highest yield of metabolic energy (49.6 and 51.4 GJ/ha), digestible protein (0.60 and 0.65 t/ha) and feed units (3.87 and 3.89 thousand units/ha) were noted in varieties Dayana and Milena. The seed productivity of red clover varieties was 155–246 kg/ha. The highest (225–246 kg/ha) was observed in types Dayana, Krynia, VIK-77, and Ganymed. The yield of varieties Milena and Metis (198 and 205 kg/ha, respectively) was at the level of the standard array.

The paper presents the comparative characteristics of the most common modes of heat and moisture treatment (HMT), their advantages and disadvantages, as well as proposals for optimizing the HMT stages to obtain the maximum effect of accelerating concrete hardening through the use of thermal energy. Heat and moisture treatment of concrete is one of the most difficult stages in the technology of prefabricated and monolithic concrete. The basis for the durability of structures, their uninterrupted service during the design period of operation is a properly selected HMT mode, which improves the quality of products and reduces material costs in the form of a reduction in energy costs. Therefore, the still practiced simplified methods for selecting the HMT mode are unacceptable. Only under the condition of strict and scientifically substantiated consideration of a complex of factors influencing the ongoing processes of formation of the structure of cement stone and concrete, and the interaction between them, it is possible to obtain concrete with the required characteristics. Depending on the requirements for the finished material, based on knowledge of the mechanism of heat and mass transfer, rational methods and modes of heat treatment of concrete and reinforced concrete products can be calculated. A variety of HMT modes is due to the desire to reduce the possibility of defects in the concrete structure (for example, modes with a stepped or curvilinear temperature increase, which reduces the temperature gradient across the product section), to reduce energy costs (modes with the exclusion of the isothermal holding stage), etc. In the process of HMT of concrete and reinforced concrete products, a number of chemical and physical transformations of the concrete mixture (concrete) occur, as a result of which various defects in the structure of the material may appear, which worsen its properties (strength, permeability, shrinkage, creep and, in general, durability of concrete). Modern technology for the production of concrete and reinforced concrete products and structures provides for the introduction of various chemical additives, their effect on the hardening of concrete at elevated temperatures, unfortunately, is not sufficiently reflected in the specialized literature. For example, the duration of the total cycle of concrete HMT when using chemical additives – hardening accelerators can be reduced by reducing the periods of preliminary exposure, temperature rise and the duration of isothermal exposure; and the use of plasticizers, depending on their type and content, can lead to a lengthening of the cycle. It is necessary to have analytical dependencies for calculating HMT modes and a computer model of the concrete hardening process at elevated temperatures.

It is important to improve the socio-economic situation of rural residents worldwide, improve the quality of life, and reduce poverty. The development of rural areas in Kazakhstan is considered a strategic goal and the mechanisms for its development are constantly being improved. Nevertheless, the income of the population in priority rural regions of the country and the level of access to social and Engineering Infrastructure Services could be higher than the urban population. The study showed the importance of strengthening trilateral ties between the state, business representatives and society, increasing the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of local entrepreneurs in rural areas. The purpose of the study is to show the importance of CSR, as well as the state, in ensuring the highquality functioning of social and engineering infrastructure in rural areas of Kazakhstan. In the study of Zerenda and Korgalzhyn districts of Akmola region for the period from 2010 to 2021; The analysis of the state of the economic, demographic, and socio-engineering infrastructure of the Auliekol and Altynsarinsky districts of Kostanay region was carried out. As a result, socio-economic and infrastructure problems in rural areas of the country were identified. In particular: in order to solve the problems of reducing the number of specialists in the social sphere, access to drinking water, roads, transport, internet, etc., the state can develop social and engineering infrastructure of rural territories by creating conditions for the development of local entrepreneurs and increasing their CSR.

The purpose of the study is to check which of our selected factors most influences the decision to study in certain regions of Kazakhstan. A complete higher education indicates the professional and cultural level of a significant part of the population, especially young people. It is not only an indicator of economic growth but also of social stability. A high level of development of the education system is the basis for the stability of any state, as well as the potential for its further development. During the study, the main sources were analyzed and based on which the methodology chosen. The methodological basis for us was multivariate regression analysis using the EViews10 data analysis package program. The research was based on data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011-2021. Based on a multifactorial analysis, five independent factors were selected, but in the course of the study, one factor was not influential, it was: the graduation of students from higher education organizations. Of the estimated four factors, three turned out to be the most influential, these are the number of the teaching staff of higher education organizations, the level of youth unemployment (15-28 years) and the number of higher educational institutions. The calculations showed that the selected factors showed different influences in different regions. As a result of the study, recommendations were developed on state policy in the field of education to increase the educational potential of the regions. The results of the study can be used by regional higher education institutions, as well as state educational management structures.

Food security is an economic category officially accepted in international practice, used to describe the state of the food market of a country or group of countries, as well as the world market that provides guaranteed access to all social groups. As world experience shows, special state bodies developed in the agro-industrial sphere have been established in all countries, performing the functions of regulating and protecting the agricultural sector and the agricultural food market. The main goal of our research work is to determine and prove the current level of food safety. At the same time, the social development of leading countries and determination of Kazakhstan’s priorities in this field using domestic food security policy. Materials on the regulation and support of food security in the USA and Brazil, which are of interest to other countries, are presented and analyzed. Our research paper also presents the policy of food security in China and the Russian Federation. Food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan is provided. In our opinion, a necessary and sufficient condition for food security is economic growth, which leads to an increase in food production, real incomes of people, and an active policy on the part of the state to help the poor. Ensuring food security is associated with the impact of various factors and conditions: as it is the driving force, the cause of the process, and the phenomenon. Food security is influenced by political, social, economic, natural and other factors.

The article is devoted to developing the institutional framework for the social responsibility of business in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The object of the study is business organizations represented by small, medium, and large enterprises. The subject of the study is the organizational and economic foundations of social responsibility. The purpose of this study is to analyze the trends of social responsibility, identify problems, priorities for building this institution. The following methods were used as research methods: analytical, statistical, computational-analytical, and dialectical-search methods. The study is based on data for the strategic period 2016-2020, separate data for 2010 and 2015. The study showed that the participation of enterprises in the development of the social sphere is in its infancy. The mechanisms of social responsibility are characteristic of large enterprises, an important role belongs to the state. Social responsibility does not meet international standards. Social responsibility-oriented standards are not used enough in the business environment. In the labor market, there are tendencies to reduce real wages, which reduces the degree of social responsibility. The formed mechanisms of social responsibility do not create conditions for developing the social sphere, or the development of human potential, which does not contribute to economic growth. In the future, the organizational and economic mechanisms of social responsibility of large corporations, small and medium-sized businesses at the micro, meso and macro levels should be improved. The study was discussed at scientific seminars at Toraigyrov University with the participation of economists, representatives of the state and businesses.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the development of housing construction and assess the affordability of housing at the present stage. The paper presents the results of a study of the state of the volume of the country’s housing stock, its structural composition by form of ownership, distribution by regions of Kazakhstan. The analysis of the commissioning of new housing, a comparison by the territorial structures of the country is given. The sources of investment in housing construction are considered: private, state and foreign. The results of the analysis of quantitative ratios of indicators by sources of investment in housing construction are presented. The analysis of the annual commissioning of affordable housing built under housing programs at the expense of public investment is presented. The assessment was made of the affordability of commercial housing based on the selected prices for apartments by regions of Kazakhstan (as of January, June and December 2022) and an assessment of the affordability of housing, taking into account the economic instruments that take place in the housing programs of Kazakhstan as of 2023. The article was prepared as part of the implementation of the scientific project No. AP09260210, funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The crisis caused by the spread of COVID-19 coronavirus in the world has led to global changes in almost all spheres of human activity, including food production and agriculture. This article analyzes the impact of the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic on the level of development of agricultural enterprises in the East Kazakhstan region. Particular attention is paid to the level of change in the production of major food products in kind and in money terms for the last 11 and 12 months of this year compared to the same period last year. It was revealed that the impact of the coronary crisis on the agrarian industry led to some decrease, but this impact was small, and there was even an improvement in some types of products. There is a high increase in food prices, the reason for which is both the increase in costs of enterprises and the changes that occurred in the consumer market, which are associated with the transformation of customer preferences and the psychology of food purchases. The article also pointed out various opportunities for the use of innovation potential and digital technologies in the agricultural sector, which emerged during the crisis, and gave their predictive assessment. There is a high increase in food prices, the cause of which is both an increase in the costs of enterprises and changes in the consumer market. which are associated with the transformation of customer preferences and the psychology of product purchases. The article also identified various opportunities for using innovative potential and digital technologies in the agricultural sector that arose during the crisis and gave them a predictive assessment.

Despite the presence of favorable conditions for successful farming, the pace of the ongoing process of migration of rural residents to large cities of the republic is not decreasing. The relevance of the research topic is explained by the need to identify the causes of this paradox in Kazakhstan and create a set of necessary measures to eliminate them. The severity of this problem is also aggravated by the insufficient degree of implementation of state measures to develop the social infrastructure of rural areas. The purpose of the study is to analyze indicators of the level of economic development and the level of provision with social infrastructure that affect the demographic situation in rural settlements. The research methodology uses a systematic approach to the study of indicators characterizing the well-being of the rural population, the quality of life and the evaluation of the effectiveness of programs aimed at improving the rural economy. The issues of analyzing the current state of rural settlements in Kazakhstan in order to take the necessary state measures in the direction of improving the infrastructure of rural settlements are considered. The analysis of state programs for the development of agriculture in Kazakhstan allows us to identify the types of problems that arise in the socio-economic development of rural areas. It is recommended to develop new ways to solve problems in the development of rural areas through the use of innovative methods to stimulate the rural population to increase effective employment, the development of mass entrepreneurship in villages.

The relevance of the topic under study primarily affects the quality and standard of living of Kazakhstani society in conditions of crisis and uncertainty, where the food market and its provision is a priority task of the state. In the conditions of COVID – 19 the weaknesses of the domestic market and, first of all, the food market were revealed. Based on trends in 2022, the world market needs food supplies, including environmentally friendly and healthy food. Historically, our country is an agrarian country and has renewable resources for growing and processing agricultural products. The development of the agricultural sector will strengthen the state food system, create a basis for the country's food security and increase food exports to other countries, especially to border states where logistics have already been established.During the pandemic in April 2020, there was a record decline in oil prices due to the shutdown of many industrial complexes in all countries of the world. At the same time, the need for food has only increased.The tense geopolitical situation in the world, the introduction of tough sanctions against Russia, and the ban on the export of food products by Russia led to a situation of food shortages and a sharp increase in food inflation not only in developing countries but also in the EU countries.In conditions of uncertainty and risks, the priority for the state is to provide society with food to maintain an adequate standard of living and continuously improve the quality of life of the population of the country.

Introduction: In the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, information about risk factors of the infection is of utmost importance. The objective of our study was to analyze the prevalence of behavioral and social risk factors for COVID-19. Materials and methods: In October–November 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 1,123 residents of Kazakhstan aged 18 to 69 years. We used a standardized customized STEPS questionnaire that included socio-demographic data, behavioral data, and questions related to COVID-19. The significance of differences in data characterizing qualitative features was determined using 2×2 contingency tables based on the value of Pearson’s χ2 correlation coefficient. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 44 years; 29 % of them were men and 71 % were women. Among those who had experienced COVID-19, there were more young and middle-aged people (p < 0.05), people with higher education (55.6 %) (p < 0.05), people having 1 to 3 family members (p < 0.05), and those not engaged in moderate physical activity. We found no statistical relationship between smoking and the novel coronavirus disease (p > 0.05). Those who recovered had higher titers of IgM and IgG antibodies. There was a considerable difference in disease incidence between the vaccinated and unvaccinated (p < 0.05) with an odds ratio of 1.661 (95 % CI: 1.275; 2.164). Conclusions: Our findings can serve as a guide for COVID-19 awareness campaigns aimed at the coronavirus disease prevention conducted by health authorities and mass media. They can also serve as the basis for in-depth studies of the contribution of various factors to the risk of the disease.

Relevance: COVID-19 impacts the course of cancer depending on the status and volume of cancer patient vaccination against COVID-19. The study aimed to assess the impact of accelerated high-tech radiation therapy on the course of the oncological process, depending on the status and volume of COVID-19 vaccinations. Methods: This quantitative and qualitative prospective randomized controlled scientific study was conducted as part of the implementation of the scientific project, “Innovative approach to managing patients with cancer in the context of the COVID pandemic-19,” Reg. No. AP13068657. The study involved 221 cancer patients. Results: COVID-19 was diagnosed in 54/221 (24.4%) of the study participants, 24 (22.4%) in the standard radiotherapy group, and 30 (26.3%) in the experimental radiotherapy group. 49/221 (22.2%) of the participants were vaccinated. COVID-19 was detected in one breast cancer patient in the experimental group (1.5%) two months after vaccination and two patients with prostate cancer (2.4%) four months after vaccination. Relapse-free survival was registered in 59 (85.5%) breast cancer patients in the standard group and 58 (85.3%) in the experimental group. The overall survival of breast cancer patients was 69 (100.0%) in the standard group and 68 (97.0%) in the experimental group. Relapse-free survival was registered in 32 (84.2%) prostate cancer patients in the standard group and 41 (89.1%) patients in the experimental group. The overall survival among prostate cancer patients was 34 (89.5%) in the standard group and 45 (97.8%) in the experimental group. The deaths were not related to COVID-19. The average treatment duration for breast cancer was less by 12.9 days, with prostate cancer– by 18.2 days. Conclusion: In Kazakhstan, 4.8% of cancer patients with COVID-19 died in 2020-2021. The use of accelerated high-tech radiotherapy is justified in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination can prevent COVID-19 development in cancer patients.

Currently, software products are widely used in the accounting system, which determine new directions for accountants to improve their skills in working with IT technologies. The study of new technologies that are necessary for the analysis of financial information of companies is relevant. The purpose of the study is to study modern technologies used in accounting, which are based on artificial intelligence. The scientific article deepens the concept of artificial intelligence and its use in accounting; the main mechanisms of using new technologies in accounting are considered; prospects for the development of the accountant's specialty are determined. In this study, modern information and analytical problems in accounting for accounting transactions are studied. When writing a scientific article, various methods were used, in particular, systematization, comparison and comparison. The originality and value of the research lies in the identification of modern trends in accounting automation. The novelty of the research is determined by the prospects for the development of the activities of the accountant profession in the light of the increasing use of accounting automation and the study of the main opportunities and negative aspects of the use of accounting software products. The practical significance of the conducted research is characterized by the subsequent development of solutions in the field of implementation of improved and automated accounting systems. In conclusion, new opportunities of information technologies for accounting are noted, the positive aspects of the use of artificial intelligence are highlighted.

Relevance: COVID-19 impacts the course of cancer depending on the status and volume of cancer patient vaccination against COVID-19. The study aimed to assess the impact of accelerated high-tech radiation therapy on the course of the oncological process, depending on the status and volume of COVID-19 vaccinations. Methods: This quantitative and qualitative prospective randomized controlled scientific study was conducted as part of the implementation of the scientific project, “Innovative approach to managing patients with cancer in the context of the COVID pandemic-19,” Reg. No. AP13068657. The study involved 221 cancer patients. Results: COVID-19 was diagnosed in 54/221 (24.4%) of the study participants, 24 (22.4%) in the standard radiotherapy group, and 30 (26.3%) in the experimental radiotherapy group. 49/221 (22.2%) of the participants were vaccinated. COVID-19 was detected in one breast cancer patient in the experimental group (1.5%) two months after vaccination and two patients with prostate cancer (2.4%) four months after vaccination. Relapse-free survival was registered in 59 (85.5%) breast cancer patients in the standard group and 58 (85.3%) in the experimental group. The overall survival of breast cancer patients was 69 (100.0%) in the standard group and 68 (97.0%) in the experimental group. Relapse-free survival was registered in 32 (84.2%) prostate cancer patients in the standard group and 41 (89.1%) patients in the experimental group. The overall survival among prostate cancer patients was 34 (89.5%) in the standard group and 45 (97.8%) in the experimental group. The deaths were not related to COVID-19. The average treatment duration for breast cancer was less by 12.9 days, with prostate cancer– by 18.2 days. Conclusion: In Kazakhstan, 4.8% of cancer patients with COVID-19 died in 2020-2021. The use of accelerated high-tech radiotherapy is justified in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination can prevent COVID-19 development in cancer patients

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common pathologies worldwide. With CKD, cardiovascular risk increases and mortality rises. The article presents the role of homocysteine as a laboratory marker of renal failure and the development of cardiovascular disease. Homocysteine is a thiol-containing amino acid, which is an intermediate product of methionine metabolism, which is metabolized in two ways: due to the transfer of the sulfate group, which occurs in the presence of vitamin B 6, or remethylation, which occurs in the presence of vitamin B 12 and folic acid. Normally, in an adult, the concentration of total homocysteine in blood plasma does not exceed 15 μmol/L. It has been shown that with CKD, hyperhomocysteinemia is observed at the initial stages and its frequency increases at the pre- and dialysis stages of the disease. Hyperhomocysteinemia provokes endothelial dysfunction, accelerates systemic atherosclerosis, increases the risk of atherothrombotic complications. Evaluation of plasma homocysteine levels may be useful in stratifying nephrocardio- and cerebrovascular risk in CKD.

The aim of the work was to study the antioxidant efficiency of anodic dissolution of silver-copper and copper electrodes, cases of near-canal endodontic effects in Tocom disease, in relation to mixed cultural transgenic pathogens infected with root diseases when examining chronic forms of pulpitis. The results of the study showed that the anodic dissolution of both silver-copper and copper electrodes has a pronounced and, in general, unidirectional antibacterial effect. It was found that the anodic dissolution of the copper electrode showed a more pronounced effect on mixed cultures of pathogenic microorganisms S. constellatus + F. nucleatum and Streptococcus sanguis + Enterococcus faecium. The data obtained indicate that in apex-phoresis in teeth with partially obliterated root canals, along with anodic dissolution of silver-copper electrodes, anodic dissolution of copper electrodes can be used.

To date, no scientific and methodological basis has been developed for the formation of written and oral speech skills in English among students of higher medical professional education in Kyrgyzstan. In this direction, the works performed in higher educational institutions are carried out through educational-methodical scientific-practical norms created in the Russian state. At the same time, the individual legal requirements of Kyrgyz citizens to the branches of medicine were not taken into account, as a result of which written speech texts related to this industry turned out to be in an incomprehensible position for patients, which over time revealed the need for the formation of written speech skills among medical students in the Kyrgyz language, which raised the question of the methodology of Kyrgyz combined training in written speech skills in English in the republic. The article analyzes this issue.

This article is devoted to the problem of linguistic expertise, the relationship between language and law. The need for linguistic knowledge in the field of forensic activities is given the opportunity to discover new expert structures. Linguistic expertise is one of the evidence base in civil and criminal proceedings. Also, this article reflects the legal and linguistic aspects for solving urgent social problems. In this area, linguistics and jurisprudence are closely interconnected. If the conflict text is subject to linguistic research, then its resolution is of a legal nature. Legal discourse has a special place in the relationship between language and law, since language determines the nature and nature of law. The object of linguistic expertise can be not only legal, but also any discourse, since the subject of expert research is determined by its purpose and objectives and is characterized by its diversity. Therefore, linguistic expertise is a special and meaningful area of research that differs significantly from other branches of legal linguistics. Linguistic expertise is an established scientific and practical field with a well-known history in other countries. In the Kyrgyz Republic, forensic linguistic expertise already has a strong place in the procedural action, since every year there is an increase in materials in the production of forensic examinations relating to linguistic examinations. Thus, the article gives a brief description of linguistic expertise, which is the subject of legal linguistics.

This study presents the results of studies of the structural and functional state of leukocytes during long-term adaptation of experimental animals to high altitude conditions, obtained using the electron microscopic method of morphometry. It has been shown that under the influence of extreme factors of high altitude in the process of adaptation in experimental animals there is a statistically significant increase in the volume density of mitochondria and ribosomes in neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, which can be regarded as an indicator of activation of the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, activation of the biosynthesis of mitochondrial structures and increase energy production in white blood cells. The volumetric value of specific granules also increased. The volume density of vacuoles in all white blood cells by the 30th day of stay at altitude was statistically significantly reduced, however, in neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes, this indicator did not reach the values of animals in the control group. Thus, adaptation to high mountains has a certain training effect, the state of white blood cells under these conditions is a kind of marker of adaptive processes occurring in the body during the stay of humans and animals in high mountains.

This article is devoted to the problem of expansionism, which, influencing the subject-content environment of the language, covers the extralinguistic side. This approach allows you to explore the field of linguistics as a multifaceted and heterogeneous industry. Modern linguistics allows you to explore the language, taking into account the influence of the human factor, since anthropocentrism contributes to the emergence of new directions in linguistics. We know that “new” views on the language are beginning to take root in modern Kyrgyz linguistics. Like general linguistics, Kyrgyz linguistics is freely integrated with other sciences, for example, cognitive linguistics already has a strong place in Kyrgyz linguistics. If cognitive linguistics, gender, political linguistics, pragmalinguistics, cultural linguistics, ethnolinguistics, legal linguistics and other similar areas are not new in Russian linguistics, then in Kyrgyz linguistics they have become the basis for the emergence of new theories and concepts. The variety of new directions in linguistics allows us to analyze the language in a new way, since new directions in linguistics appear on the basis of public interest. The change in attitude to language is due to its ontological properties in relation to the linguistic society and linguistic personality that take place in life. Thus, the article gives a brief description of the formation and development of new directions in general linguistics, as well as the influence in Kyrgyz linguistics.

This article discusses some of the problems and ways to improve the banking sector digitalization economy, or rather the process of promoting Internet banking of banking services. Research objectives: to reveal the relevance of digitalization of banking services in the economy, to identify the advantages and disadvantages of banking digitalization. Research materials and methods: a SWOT analysis of Internet banking in the activities of commercial banks is being carried out. Research results: implementation of an economic assessment in the implementation of banking products and the development of proposals for improving the work of commercial banks. Conclusions: in order to improve the digitalization of the banking sector of the economy, it is necessary to develop bank strategies with the widespread use of remote banking services (hereinafter RBS), which is important, especially in the context of the global financial crisis, the intensification of competition between commercial banks and the correct use of Internet banking in the banking services market.

The article considers the impact of social processes and conditions that affect the activities of the healthcare sector in the modern period. The assessment of patients living in the Osh region of the activity of the paramedical worker, technical staff and medical institutions in providing quality medical care to patients was analyzed. The proposals and requirements of patients regarding the social responsibility of medical personnel, the conditions created for receiving high-quality medical care in a medical institution were taken into account and analyzed. The problem in this article is the question: Do patients in the Osh region receive quality medical care? The purpose of this study is: to conduct a social survey among patients about the activities of paramedical and technical personnel in medical institutions in the Osh region, about providing quality medical care in a medical institution, to analyze the results, to evaluate, to draw conclusions.