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Introduction and Aim: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common and debilitating diabetic consequence leading to lower-limb amputations, long-term disability, and reduced lifespan. There is a lack of clinical diagnosis expertise because of no adequate diagnostic signs for DFU. As a result, the current research aims to find out how differently expressed genes (DEGs) affect the DFU. Materials and Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was used to evaluate DEGs using the GSE132187 dataset of the NCBI-GEO database, which contained samples from three hyperglycemic and three normoglycemic macrophage-like cell lines. Following the discovery of DEGs, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were used to investigate how genes are classified into preset bins based on their functional properties. To discover hub DEGs in DFU, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built and five topological parameters such as degree, stress, Closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and radiality were evaluated. Results: We found 547 DEGs using the GSE132187 dataset, comprising 79 upregulated DEGs and 468 downregulated DEGs. There were 434 nodes and 1724 edges in the PPI network. The giant network uncovered six modules that are significantly enriched in biological processes like positive JNK cascade regulation, positive interferon-gamma production regulation, negative cell proliferation regulation, cellular response to zinc ion, cellular response to lipopolysaccharide, wound healing, and inflammatory response. Conclusion: Bioinformatics analysis revealed the major differentially expressed hub-genes implicated in DFUs. These findings suggested that these genes could be used as a DFU prognostic, diagnostic, or therapeutic targets.

Background: Spinal anaesthesia carries the advantage of having rapid onset, lesser blood loss, early recovery and hospital stay as compared to general anaesthesia. The present study evaluated outcomes of awake spinal fusion i.e., minimal invasive single level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) under spinal anaesthesia. Current study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data carried to assess patient related outcome benefits for a single level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion done under spinal anaesthesia.Methods: Patients who fit deemed criteria not responding to 6 weeks of conservative treatment to lumbar degenerative pathologies underwent MIS-TLIF. The demographic data, visual analogue pain scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), blood loss, time from entering operation theatre to time of incision, time of bandaging to exit from operation theatre, time of stay in post anaesthesia care unit (PACU), duration of surgery, nausea/vomiting, urinary retention, requirement of analgesics, duration of stay in hospital, peri-operative complications, fusion rate and satisfaction score were compiled and assessed.Results: 150 patients were operated with MISTLIF under spinal anaesthesia. VAS and ODI score improved significantly at final follow up (pConclusions: Awake spinal fusion should be considered as a novel surgical approach with newer minimal invasive surgical techniques and regional anaesthesia to improve patient satisfaction and overall surgical outcome.

To validate the diagnostic utility of oxidative stress markers along with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c ) in the assessment of chronic vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Ischemia modified albumin (IMA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in 100 type 2 DM (without complications n = 50, with complications n = 50) and healthy controls (n = 50). Diagnostic potential was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis and their relationships to risk variables were analyzed.MDA, IMA and AOPP were significantly increased in diabetics, both with and without complications. Oxidative stress parameters correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (independent predictors). Duration of diabetes was an independent predictor for AOPP and MDA. The association of IMA with diabetes duration was lost on multiple regression analysis. Area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity for MDA were 0.795, 84%, 66%; for AOPP, they were 0.762, 82%, 56%; for IMA, they were 0.611, 60%, 52%; and for HbA1c, they were 0.848, 90%, 70%, respectively.MDA and AOPP could be considered better than IMA in the evaluation of diabetes progression, but MDA is more useful as a diagnostic indicator to detect vascular complications. HbA1c measurement is of greater value than the oxidative stress markers in the prediction of vascular complications.