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Amaç: Bu araştırma menstrüel sağlık sorunları yaşayan üniversite öğrencilerinin geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp (GETAT) yöntemlerini kullanma durumlarının ve kullanılan geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel olan araştırma 1 Ocak - 30 Haziran 2020 tarihlerinde bir üniversite öğrencileri ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 436 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde, yüzde ve ki-kare testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %65.4’ü menstrüel sağlık sorunları için geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp yöntemlerine başvurmaktadır. Geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp yöntemlerinden aktivite/egzersiz alanında katılımcıların %70.4’ü abdomene sıcak uygulama yapmakta; kültürel/dini uygulamalar alanında katılımcıların %41.3’ü menstrüel sağlık sorunlarıyla baş etmek için dua etmekte; bitkisel tedavi alanında katılımcıların %38.1’i papatya çayı içmektedir. Katılımcıların %49.3’ü kullanmakta olduğu geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp yöntemini ailesinden öğrenmiştir. En sık başvurulan geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp yönteminin abdomene sıcak su uygulama olduğu görülmüştür. Katılımcıların çoğunluğu geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp yöntemlerini fayda gördükten sonra bırakmıştır. Sonuç: Araştırmada katılımcıların menstrüel sağlık sorunları yaşadığı ve bu sorunlara yönelik geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp yöntemlerine başvurabildikleri saptanmıştır.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between gasdermin-D, caspase-1, IL-1β and NLRP3, biomarkers that play an important role in COVID-19, and pyroptosis. Material and Methods: This study was carried out with 58 participants, 28 (48.28%) of whom were diagnosis with COVID-19, and 30 (51.72%) of whom were healthy volunteers (control group). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the gasdermin-D, caspase-1, IL-1β, and NLRP3 levels as a result of all statistical comparisons performed. However, IL-1β values both during the discharge period and during the hospitalization period were considerably higher than those of the control group. At the discharge period, IL-1β values of the patients with severe COVID-19 category had higher than moderate patients, and the patients with moderate than the patients with mild patients. Conclusion: It was observed that IL-1β, which is one of the cytokines released as a result of cell death in the pyroptosis mechanism, was higher in the COVID-19 patients in both the hospitalization and discharge periods compared to the control group. Although not statistically significant these results could support the relationship between pyroptosis and COVID-19.

The purpose of the study is to determine and compare the characteristics of child sexual abuse (CSA) cases who applied to the children’s advocacy center (CAC) before and during the pandemic. The population and sample of this descriptive, retrospective study consists of the files of children who came to Burdur CAC for CSA between April 1, 2019-March 31, 2020 and April 1, 2020-March 31, 2021. A total of 171 files were examined in study. Data were collected using the Data Collection Form developed by the researchers. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Man Whitney U and Bonferroni tests were used for the analysis of the data. Prior to the study, permission was obtained from the Ministry of Health, Provincial Health Directorate, and Ethics Committee. The results showed that that 113 out of 171 children came to CAC before pandemic, and the number of children who came to CAC decreased during the pandemic (n=58). It was found that 60.8% of children were exposed to non-penetrative sexual abuse, and the number of sexual abuse decreased during pandemic process compared to pre-pandemic period. Regarding the characteristics of perpetrators; mean age was 32.6±16.1 years and 98.8% of them were males. It was also found that both before and during pandemic, children were mostly abused by their friends/lovers, and most of the abuse took place in home of the perpetrator. Those who reported abuse before and during pandemic were found to demonstrate statistically significant differences (p

OBJECTIVE The accurate identification and reporting of adverse events (AEs) is crucial for quality improvement. A myriad of AE systems are utilized. There is a lack of understanding of the differences between prospective versus retrospective, disease-specific versus generic, and point-of-care versus chart-abstracted systems. The objective of this study was to compare the benefits and limitations between the prospective, disease-specific, point-of-care Spine Adverse Events Severity System (SAVES) and the retrospective, generic, and chart-abstracted National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) for the identification and reporting of AEs in adult patients undergoing spinal surgery. METHODS The authors conducted an observational ambidirectional cohort study of adult patients undergoing spine surgery other than for trauma between 2011 and 2019 in a quaternary spine center. Patients were identified using Current Procedural Terminology codes in the NSQIP database and matched using unique medical record numbers to their corresponding record in SAVES. The incidence of AEs and per-patient AEs as recorded in NSQIP and SAVES was the primary outcome of interest. Comparable AEs were identified by matching NSQIP AEs to equivalent ones in SAVES. Chi-square tests were used to test for significant differences in the incidence of overall and comparable AEs between the databases. RESULTS There were 2198 patients identified in NSQIP, of whom 2033 also had complete records in SAVES. SAVES identified 5342 individual AEs in 1484 patients (73%) compared with 1291 individual AEs in 807 patients (39.7%) with the NSQIP database (p < 0.001). SAVES identified 250 intraoperative and 422 postoperative spine-specific AEs that NSQIP did not record. NSQIP captured a greater number of AEs beyond 30 days, including prolonged length of stay > 30 days, unplanned readmission, unplanned reoperation, and death later than 30 days after surgery compared with SAVES. CONCLUSIONS SAVES captures a greater incidence of peri- and intraoperative spine-specific AEs than NSQIP, while NSQIP identifies a greater number of AEs beyond 30 days. While a prospective, disease-specific, point-of-care AE system such as SAVES is specific for guiding quality improvement in spine surgery, it incurs greater time and financial costs. Conversely, a retrospective, generic, and chart-abstracted system such as NSQIP provides equivocal cross-institutional comparability with reduced time and financial costs. Specific contextual and aim-specific needs should guide the choice and implementation of an AE system.

This research aimed to assess the efficiency of beef cattle markets in the Republic of Benin. Primary data were collected from face-to-face surveys of a random sample of 600 respondents consisting of 300 beef cattle farmers and 300 beef cattle traders participating in self-managed beef cattle markets (MBA) and traditional beef cattle markets (MT). Different marketing channels were identified in the selected beef cattle markets: Channel I, Farmer-Slaughterhouse/Butchery; Channel II, Farmer-Collector-Wholesaler-Slaughterhouse/Butchery; Channel III, Farmer-Collector-Slaughterhouse/Butchery; and Channel IV, Farmer-Wholesaler- Slaughterhouse/Butchery. Channel I appears to be the most efficient in both markets with a marketing efficiency of 2.57 in MBA markets and 1.23 in MT markets. The average marketing efficiencies are 1.25 and 0.97 in MBA and MT markets, respectively. The marketing efficiency analysis showed that MBA markets are more efficient than MT markets. To increase the marketing efficiency of farmers, MT markets should be converted into MBA markets. Facilitating transportation and access to market information are critical factors for increasing farmers' marketing efficiency.

Küresel iklim değişikliği ve su yetersizliği nedeni ile besin talebini karşılamak için ekonomik yönü, çevresel-sosyal etkileri ve gıda güvenliği değerlendirmelerinin çoğunda sürdürülebilirlik konularına yer verilmemektedir. Gıda Tarım Örgütü (FAO) ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) sürdürülebilir sağlıklı diyetin tanımını “Sürdürülebilir diyetler düşük çevresel etkili, besin ve beslenme güvencesinin günümüzde var olmasını ve gelecek nesillere aktarılmasını sağlayan sağlıklı yaşamı hedefleyen diyetlerdir” şeklinde yapmıştır. Dünya’da sürdürülebilir diyetlerin insanlara ve doğal kaynaklara uygun, biyoçeşitliliğe ve ekosisteme karşı koruyucu, saygılı, duyarlı, ekonomik olarak ulaşılabilir ve beslenme açısından yeterli, güvenilir ve sağlıklı olması gerekmektedir. Çevresel bozulmaların sonucunda besin üretimi ve tüketimi olumsuz yönde etkilenmektedir. Mevcut küresel besin sistemi ve beslenme sürdürülebilirlik açısından değerlendirildiğinde yetersiz olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ancak gıda güvenliği ve sürdürülebilirlik için yapılan çalışmalarda sağlıklı beslenme durumunu sürdürmek için kritik olan diyet ve besin çeşitliliği ile mikro besin yeterliliğini ele alınmamıştır. Bu nedenle derlemede sürdürülebilir beslenme açısından farklı toplumların benimseyerek uyguladığı, sağlıklı ve sürdürülebilir olarak değerlendirilen bazı beslenme modellerinden olan Akdeniz, Dash, Yeni Nordik, Temiz Baltık, Vejetaryen, Paleotik ve Intermittent Fasting Diyet gibi beslenme modelleri irdelenerek sürdürülebilir diyetlerin hem insan sağlığı hem de çevreye olan etkileri üzerine odaklanılmıştır.

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is the leading cause of death from infectious diseases in the world. With the antiretroviral treatments developed over the years, viral replication is suppressed even though the disease cannot be cured yet. However, antiretroviral therapy (ART), like all drugs, has brought with it undesirable side effects as well as positive effects. In addition, demographic characteristics, accompanying comorbidities, organ dysfunctions, viral load, CD4 T lymphocyte count, ART resistance status, coinfections, pregnancy are also effective factors in the initial ART decision and change. In this study, we aimed to show the treatment status of HIV-positive patients followed in the infectious diseases outpatient clinic of our hospital and to determine the factors that affect ART change. Materials and Methods: Demographic data of HIV-positive patients followed in the infectious diseases outpatient clinic between January 2016 and May 2021, HIV-RNA and CD4 T lymphocyte results obtained before and after antiretroviral therapy, and the reasons for changing treatment were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The mean age of the patients included in the study was 40.0 ± 13.9 (min: 20-max: 76), and 16 (18%) were female and 71 (82%) were male. Treatment was changed in 32% of the patients. Changes were made due to drug-related side effects in 43%, patient-related reasons (such as single tablet request, non-compliance with treatment) in 25%, and virological unresponsiveness in 18% of patients who underwent treatment change. The most common cause of drug changes due to side effects was hyperlipidemia. The treatment regimens that changed the initial treatment were most frequently TDF/FTC/LPV/r and TDF/FTC/EFV, respectively. Conclusion: As a result of our study, we found that the most common cause of ART change in HIV-positive patients in our hospital was drug-related side effects, and patient non-compliance was the second most common. It is important to know the factors that cause these changes in advance and to make choices accordingly when starting the treatment, in order to increase patient compliance and facilitate follow-up.

Introduction: Changes in hematological parameters are frequently observed in brucellosis patients. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of some hematological parameters in patients with brucellosis. Material and methods: In this case-control study, the data of brucellosis patients and healthy volunteers followed up in the Outpatient Clinic of Infectious Diseases between 2018 and 2020 were retrospectively examined. In the hemogram examination of patients with brucellosis and health volunteers; hematological parameters such as the leukocyte, hemoglobin, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, ratio of neutrophil/lymphocyte, ratio of platelet/lymphocyte, ratio of monocyte/lymphocyte and mean platelet volume were compared. Results: 255 people, 169 (66.3%) of whom were diagnosed with brucellosis and 86 (33.7%) from the control group, were included to the study. These participants of 112 (43.9%) were male and 143 (56.1%) were female. The patients diagnosed with brucellosis, of 62 (36.7%) were considered acute, of 62 (36.7%) subacute, and of 45 (26.6%) chronic brucellosis. leukocyte, hemoglobin, neutrophil, and neutrophil/lymphocyte levels were found to be lower in the brucellosis group compared to the control group, while mean platelet volume level was found to be higher. Hemoglobin was found to be lower and mean platelet volume higher in all brucellosis subgroups. Conclusion: In this study, the following findings were determined to be important: the lowness of leucocyte and hemoglobin and highness of mean platelet volume in brucellosis patients, as well as the highness of lymphocyte levels and lowness of neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte levels in the subacute brucellosis subgroup. In addition, it was concluded that the mean platelet volume parameter can be used as a diagnostic test for brucellosis.

Radiofrequency catheter ablation is a preferred treatment method for cardiac arrhythmias in children due to its high success rate and low complication risk. We present an adolescent patient who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation for Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome and developed a skin burn at the site of the electrode patch. Skin burns can catastrophic consequences, especially in patients with life-threatening arrhythmias; therefore, clinicians should be aware of this complication.

Diastema dişler arasındaki araya bir diş daha eklenemeyecek kadar küçük olan boşluklardır. Çenede yaygın bir şekilde bulunan birden çok diastema ise “polidiastema” olarak tanımlanmaktır. Polidiastema; zararlı alışkanlıklar, genetik ya da sistemik rahatsızlıklar gibi nedenlerle meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu olgu sunumunda; ön bölgedeki polidiastema vakasının direkt kompozit rezin restorasyonlarla tedavisi anlatılmaktadır. 39 yaşındaki kadın hasta üst çene dişleri arasındaki aralık nedeniyle kliniğimize başvurdu. Tedavi seçenekleri hasta ile değerlendirilip diastemaların direkt kompozit rezin restorasyon uygulanarak kapatılmasına karar verildi. Restorasyon tamamlandıktan sonra bitirme ve cila işlemleri yapıldı. 1 ay sonra yapılan klinik değerlendirmede; restorasyonların fiziksel özellikleri, marjinal bütünlüğü ve estetik özellikleri kontrol edildi. Kontrol muayenesinde yapılan restorasyonların hastanın estetik beklentilerini karşıladığı belirlendi.

Hakkari ili domates ve biber üretim alanlarında domates lekeli solgunluk virüsü (Tomato spotted wilt virus, TSWV) ve yonca mozaik virüsü (Alfalfa mosaic virus, AMV)’nün belirlenmesi için yapılan sürveyler 2020 üretim döneminde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Domates ve biber üretim alanlarında sararma, nekroz, mozaik ve şekil bozukluğu simptomu gösteren 184 bitkiden yaprak örneği toplanmıştır. Toplanan yaprak örneklerinde TSWV ve AMV’nin belirlenmesi için Double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. DAS-ELISA yöntemine göre toplam 184 yaprak örneğinden 26 adedinin TSWV ve 2 adedinin AMV ile enfekteli olduğu saptanmıştır. Toplanan örneklerde karışık enfeksiyona rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışma Hakkari ili domates ve biber alanlarında TSWV ve AMV’nin tanılanması bakımından yapılan ilk çalışmadır.

The objective of this study was to develop ritonavir (RTV) nanosuspensions (NSs) by microfluidization method. Particle size (PS) measurements were performed by photon correlation spectroscopy. Amorphous properties of the particles were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dissolution studies were conducted in fed state simulated intestinal fluid (FeSSIF) medium. The flow cytometry was utilized to determine the lymphocyte sub-groups and immune response of NSs. RTV NSs were obtained with 400-500 nm PS. The crystal properties of RTV remain unchanged. The solubility of NS was enhanced five times. 57% and 18% of RTV were dissolved in FeSSIF medium for NSs and coarse powder. According to immunological studies, the prepared NSs did not significantly alter the ratio of CD4

To investigate the relationship of longitudinal changes in macular vessel density (VD) from OCT angiography and in ganglion cell complex (GCC) from OCT with central visual field (VF) in eyes with early glaucoma.Observational cohort.A total of 95 eyes, 37 preperimetric and 58 with early glaucoma (24-2 VF mean deviation [MD] ≥ -6 decibels), with an average follow-up of 3.8 years and 5.3 visits, were included.Whole-image VD (wiVD) and whole-image GCC (wiGCC) and parafoveal scans, as well as localized regions of interest (LROIs), hemiretinae of whole images, and superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal sectors of parafoveal maps, were matched with central VF locations. Age-adjusted rates of change of VD, GCC, mean sensitivity of VF locations, and 10-2 VF MD were calculated using linear mixed-effect models. Normalized rates of change were calculated for comparison of change rates in wiVD and wiGCC.Structure-function (SF) correlations of VD and GCC with central VF measurement change rates and comparison of different correlations of SF relationships after bootstrapping the difference of the correlation coefficients.Vessel density loss and GCC thinning demonstrated significant correlations with central VF damage, globally and with most LROIs. The SF correlation (r, 95% confidence interval [CI]) between wiVD and 10-2 VF MD change rates was 0.42 [0.24, 0.58], whereas it was 0.27 [0.08, 0.45] between wiGCC and 10-2 VF MD changes rates (all P0.05). In contrast to GCC thinning, VD loss in the parafoveal sectors demonstrated significant correlations with central VF damage in inferior and temporal sectors. Differences in the relationship of SF with central VF damage were not significant between VD loss and GCC thinning. The mean (95% CI) normalized change rates of wiVD (-7.40 [-7.71 to 7.09] %/year) was faster than that of wiGCC (-2.39 [-2.94 to 1.84] %/year) (P0.05).Rates of VD loss and GCC thinning are associated with central VF loss over time. Assessment of both macular VD and GCC thickness should be considered for evaluation of glaucoma progression.

Background: We aimed to investigate the clinical features, hemodynamic and respiratory profiles as well as prognostic outcomes of critically sick COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).Methods: This retrospective study was performed using data derived from 99 adult patients treated in the ICU. Demographic and clinical data as well as hemodynamic and respiratory profiles, theraputic outcomes were recorded. The relationship between these features and ICU stay was sought. Results: The average age was 65.94 ± 14.93 years (24 to 96), and 73 patients (73.7%) had comorbidities. Smokers constituted 13.1% of the Covid-19 patient population (n=13) in ICU. Thirty-one cases (31.3%) had received at least one dose of Covid-19 vaccine and 63 patients (63.6%) died in the ICU after their initial hospitalization. Blood products were utilized in 29 patients (29.3%) and delta mutation was detected in 23 (23.2%) of ICU patients. The mean duration of ICU stay was 16.90 ± 11.41 days (1 to 60). The duration of ICU stay was remarkably different between groups receiving different antibiotic regimens (p

We report our experience and early outcomes of using the BeGraft aortic stent in children, adolescents, and young adults. BeGraft aortic stent (Bentley InnoMed, Hechingen, Germany) requires a smaller long sheath compared to other covered stents, and it has a low profile and adequate radial power. With these features, it can overcome some limitations in the treatment of coarctation, especially in children. This is a single centre retrospective analysis of 11 implanted BeGraft aortic stents in coarctation of the aorta between July 2020 and November 2021. The eleven stents were successfully implanted in 11 patients (10 males). The median age of the patients was 13.7 years (interquartile range 12–16 years), and the median weight was 43 kg (interquartile range 35–62 kg). In five patients, after the stents were opened completely by the first balloon, they were exchanged with a Z-MED II™ balloon, 1–3 mm larger in diameter, and the stents were redilated. The median catheter-derived systolic peak-to-peak pressure gradient was 23 mm Hg (interquartile range 16–37 mmHg) before the procedure and 3 mm Hg (interquartile range 1–5 mm Hg) after the procedure. Except for the partial femoral artery thrombosis in two patients, no other procedural complications were observed in our study. The median follow-up duration was 5 months (interquartile range 2–12 months). During follow-up, only one patient (9%) had stent narrowing that required dilation. Our initial results and short-term follow-up showed that the BeGraft aortic stent implantation and redilation can be performed effectively, safely, and successfully in the treatment of coarctation of the aorta.

Background: This clinical trial aims to evaluate the color changes of direct resin composite veneer (DCV) restorations based on spectrophotometric analysis of 4 different types of resin composites between the baseline immediately after polishing and after one year of follow-up. Materials and methods: 28 patients were assessed for eligibility for participation, aged between 18 and 38 years old, who indicated for DCV restorations in anterior maxillary teeth were considered for participation in this study. In total, 25 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected (6 males and 19 females, mean age: 20.9 at the time of restoration placement), and 3 patients were excluded. Participants were divided into four groups based on the type of composite resin used for restorations. Group 1 nanohybrid Ips Empress direct (Ivoclar Vivadent)](IPS) (13 restorations/6 patients), group 2 microfilled [Essentia (GC cooperation Japan)](ES) (14 restorations / 7 patients), group 3 supra-nano filled [ Estelite ∑ Quick (Tokuyama, Tokyo, Japan)](EQ) (17 restorations / 7 patients) and group 4 nanofill [Filtek Ultimate (3M ESPE)](FU) (13 restorations / 5 patients). Baseline Color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer immediately after finishing and polishing (baseline), and after one year of recall, color change (ΔE) from baseline values and after one year of follow-up of DCVs were calculated according to CIELab color coordinates. For this, a silicone mold was fabricated for each patient and used as a guide for each measurement to standardize the site of the readings. Statistical analysis of the data was applied using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn-Bonferroni posthoc test after controlling the distribution of data in terms of normality with the Shapiro Wilk test. Results: At the end of one year,25 participants(57restorations) were followed up. The mean ΔE of IPS, EQ, and FU composites were higher than the ES composite resin, but there was no statically significant difference between all types of composites (P> 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean ΔL* between any types of composite resin (p> 0.05). There was a significant change in Δa* and Δb* after a one-year recall for all the types of DCV restorations (p < 0.05). Conclusion: After one year of follow-up, the spectrophotometer measurements of direct resin composite veneer restorations, it was concluded no difference between the mean ΔE of ES, IPS, FU, and EQ resin composite. ES (Microfilled hybrid) showed a lower mean ΔE value compared to the other groups. All groups of resin composite showed color changes within clinically acceptable levels after a one-year follow-up.

Amaç: Antiretroviral tedavi (ART) ile insan immün yetmezlik virüsü/edinilmiş bağışıklık yetmezliği sendromu (HIV/AIDS) tanılı hastaların yönetiminde büyük adımlar atılmış ve HIV ölümcül bir hastalıktan kronik bir hastalığa dönüşmüştür. HIV ile yaşayan bireylerde yaşam sürelerinin uzaması ile bazı enfeksiyon hastalıklarının taranmasının ve seronegatif bireylerin aşılanmasının önemi artmıştır. Bu çalışmada polikliniğimizde takip edilen HIV pozitif hastaların kızamık, kızamıkçık, kabakulak, suçiçeği (VZV), hepatit B (HBV), hepatit A (HAV), pnömokok, meningokok, influenza gibi aşı ile önlenebilir hastalıklara karşı bağışıklanma durumlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Materyal ve Metot: 2013-2021 yılları arasında enfeksiyon hastalıkları polikliniğimizde takipli 79 HIV pozitif hasta retrospektif olarak incelendi.Bulgular: Toplam 79 hastanın 14’ü (%18) kadın, 65’i (%82) erkek olup, yaş ortalaması 41±13,88 (min:20-max:76)’dir. Hastaların seropozitiflik oranları VZV için %99, kızamıkçık ve kabakulak için %97, kızamık için %93, HAV için %80 olarak bulundu. Bakılan HBV tetkikleri sonucu hastaların %43’ünde anti-HBs pozitif, %49’unun HBV açısından seronegatif, %8’inde ise kronik hepatit B infeksiyonu olduğu saptandı. Hastaların %71’ine yıllık influenza, %57’sine pnömokok, %56’sına meningokok aşısı yapıldığı saptandı.Sonuç: HIV/AIDS hasta sayısı ülkemizde her yıl giderek artmaktadır. Bu hastaların aşı ile önlenebilir hastalıklara karşı bağışıklık durumlarının belirlenmesi ve gerekli aşılamaların yapılması önem arz etmektedir., Objective: Great development have been made in the management of patients diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) with antiretroviral therapy (ART), and HIV has transformed from a fatal disease to a chronic disease. The importance of screening some infectious diseases and vaccinating seronegative individuals has increased with the prolongation of life expectancy in individuals living with HIV. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the immunization status of HIV positive patients followed in our outpatient clinic against vaccine preventable diseases such as measles, rubella, mumps, varicella (VZV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis A (HAV), pneumococcus, meningococcus, influenza.Materials and Methods: 79 HIV-positive patients followed in our infectious diseases outpatient clinic between 2013-2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: Of 79 patients, 14 (18%) were female and 65 (82%) were male, with a mean age of 41±13.88 (min:20-max:76). The seropositivity rates of the patients were 99% for VZV, 97% for rubella and mumps, 93% for measles, and 80% for HAV. As a result of HBV tests, 43% of the patients were found to be anti-HBs positive, 49% seronegative for HBV, and 8% had chronic hepatitis B infection. It was determined that 71% of the patients were vaccinated annually for influenza, 57% for pneumococcus and 56% for meningococcal vaccines.Conclusion: The number of HIV/AIDS patients is increasing every year in our country. It is important to determine the immunity status of these patients against vaccine-preventable diseases and to make the necessary vaccinations.

This study aimed to determine the correlation between stress coping styles and self-efficacy with regard to the spiritual and religious coping of mothers with disabled children. The descriptive and relational screening model was used in this study. The research was completed with 227 mothers in a private rehabilitation center at Turkey. The data were collected using Maternal Spiritual Coping, Religious Coping Styles, Stress Coping Styles Scales (SCSS), and General Self-Efficacy Scales. As a result of the study, there was a statistically advanced degree of significant correlation in a positive direction between effective coping with stress and spiritual coping (p < 0.001), and a negative significant correlation between ineffective coping with stress and general self-efficacy (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was a negative significant correlation between the SCSS-effective coping dimension with the SCSS-ineffective coping points (p < 0.05). The high level of spiritual coping of mothers and its effect on coping with stress is an important result. For the participation of children with disabilities and their parents in society, it is essential to identify components such as mental health and spiritual coping that will improve mothers' mental health so that mothers can effectively cope with the difficulties they experience.

Background and Purpose: Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) are under investigation for repurposing as an intervention for colon cancer prevention. A drawback to conventional PDE5i are side-effects and drug-drug interactions that would be poorly tolerated when taken on a chronic basis for prevention. Experimental Approach: We designed an analog of the prototypical PDE5i sildenafil by replacing the methyl group on the piperazine ring with malonic acid to reduce lipophilicity and measured its entry into the circulation and effects on colon epithelium. Key Results: This modification did not affect pharmacology as malonyl-sildenafil had a similar IC50 to sildenafil (6.5 nM vs 7.5 nM respectively) but exhibited almost 100-fold reduced cell entry compared to sildenafil. Using an LC-MS/MS approach, doses of malonyl-sildenafil up to 36 mg/kg were barely detectable in mouse plasma after oral administration but was detected at high levels in the feces. This contrasted with sildenafil that was detected in the plasma but not in the feces. No bioactive metabolites of malonyl-sildenafil were detected in the circulation by measuring interactions with isosorbide mononitrate. Treatment of mice with malonyl-sildenafil in the drinking water for 8 days was well-tolerated and resulted in a suppression of proliferation in the colon epithelium that is consistent with results published previously for mice treated with PDE5i. Conclusion and Implications: A carboxylic acid-containing analog of sildenafil prohibits systemic delivery of the compound but maintains sufficient penetration into the colon epithelium to suppress proliferation. This highlights a novel approach to generate a first in class drug for colon cancer chemoprevention.

Background: In recent years, the epithelial barrier hypothesis has been emphasized in the formation of allergic diseases. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) occurs through diffusion and evaporation from the skin to the external environment. There are few studies on TEWL in allergic diseases. Objective: This study evaluated the relationship between patients with atopic diseases and healthy controls and hygiene habits in TEWL. Methods: The study was conducted on patients who were followed up for atopic disease (asthma, allergic rhinitis, immunoglobulin E mediated food allergy, and atopic dermatitis) and healthy children. TEWL measurement was in a room that was stable in terms of humidity and temperature by using a widely validated open room system. During the measurement, the participants reported their frequency of taking a shower and cleaning product use. Results: In the study group, TEWL was measured in 182 patients, and the median (min-max) TEWL was 21.3 g/hm2 (7.8‐101.3 g/hm2) in the disease group and 9.6 g/hm2 (3.9‐30.3 g/hm2) in the control group (p < 0.001). The number of weekly baths was higher in the disease group (p < 0.001). The cutoff for atopic diseases was 13.2 g/hm2 (sensitivity, 83.2%; specificity, 84.3%; p < 0.001). Conclusion: High TEWL in atopic diseases supports the epithelial barrier hypothesis associated with disease development. Further studies are necessary to determine the threshold between healthy controls and the patients in the disease group. The TEWL measurement can be an effective method to determine the risk groups. Moreover, further studies related to factors on TEWL and treatment methods to reduce this loss are necessary, too.

In this study, triazol derivatives, 4,4'-(((1E, 1E')-1,2-phenylenebis (methanylyidene)) bis (azanylidene)) bis (5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (2), 4,4'-(((1E, 1E')-1,3-phenylenebis (methanylyidene)) bis (azanylidene)) bis (5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (3) and 4,4'-(((1E, 1E')-1,4-phenylene bis (methanyl yidene)) bis (azanylidene)) bis (5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (4) were synthesized from the reaction of 4-amino-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one and phthalaldehyde/isophthalaldehyde/terephthalaldehyde, respectively. Compounds 2-4 were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1- and C-13- NMR) spectroscopic methods. Theoretical study for compounds 2-4 were carried out by DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p). Structural and spectroscopic parameters were determined theoreticaly and compared with experimental ones. Also, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps of compounds were obtained. Leishmanicidal activity of compounds 2-4 against to Leishmania infantum was determined by microdilution broth method containing alamar blue. As a result of the study, compounds 2-4 were found to be effective against the specie of Leishmania. Molecular docking analysis against Trypanothione Reductase (TRe) with compound 2 was carried out to see the necessary interactions responsible for antileishmanial activity. The docking calculations of compound 2 supported the antileishmanial activity exhibiting high inhibition constant. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

The gig economy concept is an economy that adopts a labor market consisting of freelance and short-term jobs as a mechanism that does not go to work and has no employer. Psychosocial risks/psychosocial hazards were defined by the International Labor Organization in 1984 as “interactions that have the potential to affect health, job performance, and job satisfaction through perceptions and experiences between the working environment, job content, organizational conditions, and employee capacities, needs, culture, and non-work issues” defined as. Psychosocial risks are one of the less-studied topics in the gig economy, but it is an issue that needs a comprehensive evaluation in terms of employee health and safety in the gig economy. This study was designed as qualitative research to analyze psychosocial risks in gig economy workers and consists of in-depth interviews with 20 people and a detailed analysis of these interviews., Adını müzik sektöründen alan ve “kısa süreli iş” anlamına gelen gig ekonomi kavramı işe gidilmeyen ve işverenin olmadığı bir mekanizma olarak serbest ve kısa süreli işlerden oluşan bir iş gücü piyasasını benimseyen bir ekonomidir. Psikososyal riskler/psikososyal tehlikeler ise 1984 yılında Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü tarafından “çalışma ortamı, işin içeriği, örgütsel koşullar ve çalışanların kapasiteleri, ihtiyaçları, kültürü ve iş dışı konular arasındaki algılama şekilleri ve deneyimler aracılığıyla sağlığı, iş performansını ve iş memnuniyetini etkileyebilme potansiyeli olan etkileşimler” olarak tanımlamıştır. İşin bağlamı ve işin içeriği açısından iki ana kategoride değerlendirilen psikososyal riskler gig ekonomide az çalışılan konulardan birisi olmakla birlikte gig ekonomide çalışan sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından kapsamlı değerlendirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulan bir konudur. Bu çalışma gig ekonomi çalışanlarında psikososyal riskleri analiz etmek amacıyla nitel bir araştırma olarak tasarlanmış olup 20 kişi ile yapılan derinlemesine görüşmeler ve bu görüşmelerin detaylı analizinden oluşmaktadır.

To investigate the relationship between physical activity level and disease severity, anxiety level, sleep quality, and fatigue in patients followed up with COVID-19 diagnosis.This was a cross-sectional study of 111 volunteer patients who were receiving treatment with COVID-19 diagnosis at the Chest Diseases Polyclinic, Sanko University, Sani Konukoğlu Practice and Research Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey between May 2021 and July 2021 were included in the study and classified clinically and radiologically. They were evaluated on the basis of demographic characteristics, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Fatigue Severity Scale.Approximately 63% of the patients did not have a habit of exercise, while 52.3% of our patients were clinically mild cases, and 33.3% had normal lung tomography. While clinical disease severity was not associated with exercise habits, sleep quality was impaired in clinically severe patients.The results of our study suggested that physical inactivity is common. Anxiety is a frequent symptom in COVID-19 cases and also COVID-19 negatively affects sleep quality.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the caregiving burden and family sense of coherence of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, to detect the relationship between them, and the influencing factors. Methods:The study was conducted as a descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational research. Data were obtained using a “Personal Information Form”, “The Family Sense of Coherence Scale-Short Form (FCS-S)”, and “The Caregiving Burden Scale (CBS)”. Results: The mean score of the caregivers was 49.47±15.20 on the caregiving burden, and 48.87±9.74 on the Family Sense of Coherence of the caregivers, 69.1% had a mean score on the Caregiving Burden higher than the average and 87.6% had a mean score on the Family Sense of Coherence higher than the average (moderate and high levels). There was a moderately significant negative correlation between Caregiving Burden and Family Sense of Coherence (p

BACKGROUND: Radiation caries is a serious complication to head and neck cancer (HNC) radiotherapy, for which the primary teeth are more susceptible to be affected. Preventive protocols are recommended to enhance dental structure resistance against the direct effects of radiotherapy. AIM: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of diode laser and two types of remineralizing agents on the microhardness of the primary teeth enamel and examine microstructural alterations. METHODS: Twenty primary molars were sectioned into two halves in a mesiodistal direction, to obtain 40 specimens, which were then randomly allocated into five groups. Group 1 (Control Negative) n = 5 was not subjected to any treatment or radiation. Group 2 (Control positive) n = 5 was gamma irradiated with a dose of 60 Gray. For Groups 3, 4, and 5, specimens were divided into two subgroups: A and B (n = 5/subgroup). Subgroups A were gamma irradiated, then exposed to different surface treatments: 3A:10% nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) paste, 4A: 5% sodium fluoride varnish (FV), and 5A: diode laser 980 nm. Subgroups B were exposed to surface treatments (3B: 10% nHA, 4 B: 5% FV, and 5B: diode laser 980 nm), then gamma irradiated. Surface micromorphology and microhardness were examined using environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), and Vickers microhardness tester, respectively. RESULTS: Group 2 (G) specimens possessed the lowest mean microhardness, while nHA-G (3B), G-Fl (4A), and L-G (5B) had significantly higher values. ESEM analysis showed an alteration in Group G and the obliteration of enamel micropores with remineralizing agents. The melting and fusion of enamel in laser subgroups were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated that using FV, nHA, or diode laser increased microhardness and maintained the integrity of the enamel microstructure. Therefore, applying preventive strategies should be considered in HNC radiotherapy.

Background and Purpose: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are one of the most common health problems faced by individuals who sit for prolonged periods. The sitting design of office chairs has recently become an important aspect in preventing the MSD. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of different chair types on trunk muscle activation. Methods: Fifteen participants (age 22.92 ± 3.40 years) were included in the study. Participants’ muscle activations were assessed with the sEMG device while sitting and typing on the computer for one hour. Results: When two different types of chairs were compared, in the first 10 minutes, % MVC difference was observed only in the TES (p

Yaşlı bireylerin, 2050 yılında gelişmiş ülkelerdeki nüfusun %25'ini oluşturacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Yaşlanmanın fizyolojisi ile birlikte yaşlı bireylerde disfaji, önemli bir sağlık sorunu olarak ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Disfaji, nöromüsküler bozukluk veya mekanik tıkanmadan kaynaklanabilen yutma güçlüğüdür. Malnütrisyon, dehidratasyon ve aspirasyon pnömonisi gibi birçok komplikasyonu da beraberinde getirmektedir. Son dönemde disfajinin, geriatrik sendrom olarak tanınmasına dair artan farkındalık mevcuttur. Yaşlılarda disfaji yaşlanmanın normal bir parçası olarak düşünüldüğü için fark edilmeyebilmektedir. Bu durumda hastalığın ilerlemesine ve beraberinde komplikasyonları getirmesine yol açmaktadır. Disfaji için doğru teşhis ve multidisipliner yaklaşım tedavide başarıyı getirmektedir. Yaşlılarda disfaji tedavisi için standart bir yaklaşım bulunmamaktadır. Disfaji tedavileri arasında duruş ayarlamaları, besin ve sıvı oranı-miktarı, diyet değişikliği, ağız sağlığı, yutma rehabilitasyonu ve farmakolojik tedavi gibi diğer yaklaşımlar yer almaktadır. Disfajide beslenme için dokusu değiştirilmiş diyetlerin kullanımı tavsiye edilmektedir. Tüm bakım ortamları için ve her yaştan disfajili bireyler tarafından kullanılan dokusu değiştirilmiş besinleri ve koyulaştırılmış sıvıları tanımlamak için Uluslararası Disfaji Diyet Standardizasyon Girişimi kurulmuştur. Bazı kılavuzlarda disfaji hastaları için beslenme önerileri mevcuttur. Ancak disfajide beslenme için netlik olmadığından bu derleme çalışma, geriatrik disfaji ve beslenme tedavisine ilişkin bilgileri sunmak amacıyla planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür.

The COVID-19 pandemic presents ongoing challenges for healthcare. Stay at Home orders ('lockdowns') and community fears have been suggested to create reluctance to seek healthcare. We aimed to determine whether the rates of perforated appendicitis and negative appendicectomy have been affected by the pandemic, and to analyse the effect of lockdowns on the management of acute appendicitis in Victoria.We conducted a retrospective audit of emergency appendicectomies performed under adult General Surgery units at Monash Health in Victoria from January 2019 to September 2021, including 242 days of lockdown.2459 patients were included. Fewer patients had perforated appendicitis during the second lockdown (6.3% versus 10.7% baseline; p = 0.027). The rate of negative appendicectomy was reduced during the first lockdown (4.1% versus 14.9% baseline; p = 0.002) and during intervals between lockdown in 2021 (9.8%; p = 0.010). There was no difference in the rate of perforated appendicitis or negative appendicectomy at other times. Time to surgery and number of appendicectomies performed were also not significantly different. Fewer appendicectomies were performed after hours during lockdowns and in 2021 more generally compared to baseline (p 0.05).The lower negative appendicectomy rate during the first lockdown may reflect increased pre-operative imaging or clinical observation for undifferentiated presentations. There was a reduction in perforated appendicitis during the second lockdown, and no significant difference at other times. Contrary to other studies, lockdowns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic may not create a reluctance to seek healthcare in all regions.

Giriş: Kadına yönelik aile içi şiddet, toplum sağlığını olumsuz yönde etkileyen küresel bir sorundur. Amaç: Bu çalışmada farklı iki fakültede öğrenim gören üniversite öğrencilerinin aile içi şiddete yönelik görüş ve tutumlarını belirlemek amaçlandı. Yöntem: Bu çalışma tanımlayıcı tipte bir araştırmadır. Çalışma Aralık 2018 - Haziran 2019 tarihleri arasında 900 üniversite öğrencisiyle gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmaya belirlenen iki fakültede lisans eğitimi alan, Türkçe iletişim kurabilen, mental açıdan sağlıklı olan ve çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan bireyler dâhil edildi. Verilerin toplanmasında literatür doğrultusunda araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan katılımcı tanıtım formu ve bir örnek olayın yer aldığı açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanıldı. Örnek olaya ilişkin görüşler düzenlendi, kodlandı ve daha sonra benzer özellik gösteren kodlar kategorileştirildi. Sosyodemografik bulgular tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri ile kadına yönelik aile içi şiddete yönelik görüşleri ve örnek olaya ilişkin görüşleri arasındaki ilişkinin analizinde ki-kare (χ²) testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 20.67 ± 2.14, %63.5’i kadın ve %36.5’i erkekti. Örnek olaya ilişkin görüşler analiz edildiğinde; katılımcıların %10.3’ünün daha önce örnek olaya benzer bir durumla karşılaştığı bulundu. Katılımcıların %65.5’i böyle bir durumda şikayette bulunmak isterlerse polise şikayette bulunacaklarını ifade etti. Aile içi şiddet ile karşılaşma durumunda kadınların %50’si pasif tepki, %37.9’u aktif tepki verirken, erkeklerin %36.5’i pasif tepki, %49.3’ü aktif tepki gösterdi. Daha önce şiddete maruz kalan kadınların %18.5’inin, erkeklerin %6.9’unun daha önce örnek olaya benzer bir durumla karşılaştığı belirlendi. Sonuç: Düşük oranda da olsa kadına yönelik aile içi şiddeti destekleyen öğrencilerin varlığı, bu konuda bilinçlendirilmelerinin önemini göstermektedir. Bu kapsamda sağlık bakım profesyonellerine eğitim, sağlık, hukuk ve sosyal hizmetlerle ilgili yapılan planlamalarda aktif rol alma, aile içi şiddeti tanılayabilme ve bu konuda toplumsal farkındalığı artırma amacına yönelik eğitim hizmetlerini planlama ve uygulama gibi çok önemli görevler düşmektedir.

Bu araştırmanın amacı iç grup özdeşiminin iç grup yanlılığı üzerindeki etkisinde iç grup normunun düzenleyici etkisini incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda üç deneysel çalışma yürütülmüştür. İlk çalışmada, gerçek grup üyelerinin iç grup özdeşimleri ölçülmüş ve iç grup normları eşitlikçilik, kayırmacılık veya kontrol grubu olacak şekilde değişimlenmiştir. İç grup yanlılığı, iç grup ve dış grup arasında spor programı süresi paylaştırma, spor gazetesi sayfası paylaştırma ve olumlu özelliklerle değerlendirme ölçümlerindeki iç grup lehine fark olarak işlevselleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, iç grup özdeşimi arttıkça iç grup yanlılığının da arttığını, ancak iç grup özdeşimi ve iç grup yanlılığı arasındaki ilişkide grup normunun düzenleyici etkisinin olmadığını göstermiştir. Diğer iki çalışmada laboratuvarda oluşturulmuş minimal gruplar kullanılmıştır. İkinci çalışmada bir matematik görevinden sonra katılımcılara seçkisiz olarak analitik veya bütüncül düşünme-karar verme stiline sahip oldukları şeklinde sahte bir geribildirim verilerek iki grup oluşturulmuş ve ilk çalışmadaki gibi norm ataması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca iç grup özdeşimi de ölçülmek yerine yüksek ve düşük seviyelerde olacak şekilde değişimlenmiştir. Üçüncü çalışmada ise iç grup özdeşimi, yine ikinci deneysel çalışmadakine benzer bir yöntem ile değişimlenmiş; ancak bu kez düzenleyicilik etkisi grup normunun bir öncülü olarak değerlendirilen iç grup biçimlenmesi bağlamında araştırılmıştır. İkinci ve üçüncü çalışmada özdeşimin, grup normunun ya da biçimlenmesinin iç grup yanlılığı üzerinde temel etkisi gözlenmemiştir. Grup özdeşiminin, grup normuyla veya grup biçimlemesiyle etkileşimi de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Psikoloji öğrencisi olmayan toplumun farklı kesimlerinden katılımcıları örnekleyen bu üç çalışma, alanyazının aksine gruplar arası üyelerin grup normlarına veya biçimlenmelerine bağlı olarak bölüştürme davranışı sergilemediğini göstermektedir. Bulgular, metodolojik farklılıklar ve sosyal psikolojideki tekrarlanabilirlik sorunu bağlamında tartışılmıştır., The aim of this research was to examine the moderating role of ingroup norm on the association between ingroup identification on ingroup bias. Relatedly, we also examined whether this association varied depending on the group formation. To do this, we conducted three experimental studies to that end. Study 1 (N = 103) focused on real groups (Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray Football Club fans), where we manipulated ingroup norm and then measured ingroup identification. Specifically, in order to manipulate ingroup norm, participants were randomly assigned to an “egalitarian” norm condition, “favoritism” norm condition or control group. Ingroup bias was operationalized through a difference score in allocating screen time for a sports program on TV, allocating page areas in sports newspapers, and positive evaluations through adjective ratings. Results showed that higher identification was associated with stronger ingroup bias. However, the moderating effect of ingroup norm (egalitarianism vs. favoritism) on the relationship between ingroup identification and ingroup bias was not observed. Study 2 and Study 3employed minimal groups created in the lab setting. In Study 2 (N = 122), two groups labeled “analytical” and “holistic” thinkers were formed based on false feedback (i.e., participants were told that their answers to math problems would be categorized based on an algorithm), and then ingroup norm was manipulated as the same way in the first study (egalitarianism vs. favoritism). In addition, ingroup identification was manipulated, rather than being merely measured. In Study 3, (N = 94) ingroup identification was manipulated with a similar procedure used in Study 2; but this time, the moderating effect of group formation (competitive vs. cooperative groups), rather than group norm, was investigated. In Studies 2 and 3, no main effects of ingroup identification, ingroup norm, or group formation on ingroup bias were obtained. The interaction effects of identification with ingroup norm or formation were not statistically significant either. These three experimental studies, showed that, contrary to the literature, intergroup members did not exhibit distributional ingroup bias based on a type of group norms or group formations. The findings were discussed in the context of literature, methodological differences, and the problem of reproducibility in social psychology.

Fermented foods are among the traditional foods consumed for centuries. In recent years, awareness of fermented foods has been increasing due to their positive health benefits. Fermented foods contain beneficial microorganisms. Fermented foods, such as kefir, kimchi, sauerkraut, and yoghurt, contain Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as

PURPOSE: To characterize the change of ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and macula vessel density in eyes diagnosed as being glaucoma suspect eyes with ocular hypertension (OHT) or glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal study. PARTICIPANTS: 83 eyes (24 healthy eyes, 30 OHT eyes, and 29 GON eyes) of 65 subjects who had at least 3 visits were included from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study. The mean follow-up was at least 3 years. METHODS: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)-based vessel density and OCT-based structural thickness of the 3×3 mm(2) GCC scan slab were evaluated at each visit. The rates of vessel density and thickness change were compared across diagnostic groups using linear mixed-effects model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change rates of macula GCC thickness and superficial macula vessel density. RESULTS: Significant mean rates of both GCC thinning and macula vessel density loss were detectable in OHT and GON groups. 49.1% of the individual suspect eyes showed significant loss (P0.2). Higher mean intraocular pressure during follow-up was associated with a faster rate of GCC thinning in the OHT group (P=0.065) and GON groups (P=0.015), but was not associated with the rate of vessel density decrease. CONCLUSIONS: While the rate of GCC thinning was faster on average in suspect eyes than in healthy eyes, some suspect eyes had significant loss of vessel density and faster vessel density loss than GCC thinning. OCT and OCTA are complementary and useful for evaluating eyes with OHT or GON.