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The purpose of the study is to conceptualize the phenomenon of vergence of technologies and innovationsin the context of building a society as a complex system by modernizing the innovation environment. To achieve the goal, general scientific and special-scientific methods of cognition were used, in particular, dialectical, formal-logical, analysis and synthesis, system-structural. Thekey methodological principles,spatial-topological and ontological, were presented.It is confirmed that the concept of "vergence" is the state of systems at the point of intersection of divergent and convergent processes, aswell as their balancing. Vergence as a method of creative thinking was used in this study primarily to solve problems and tasks related to the synchronism of various contradictory processes (reconciles the processes of "scattering", "acceleration" and "gathering", "braking"). The value of this approach was in finding multiple solutions to ambiguous problems. The results of the study confirmed that the vergent interaction of technologies and innovations, the merging of funds and resources that contribute tothe modernization of the innovation space, their analysis and synchronism, excluded the position of rest in the social system and, on the contrary, gave rise to a situation of accelerated but controlled dynamism.

Introduction. The antigen complex of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria (ACOPB) has a protective effect against avian influenza viruses, herpes virus type 2, and other viruses that cause acute respiratory viral infections. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, an important task is to find out whether ACOPB has a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2. The purpose of the study was to evaluate in vitro the ACOPB virus-inhibitory activity against the Dubrovka laboratory strain of SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods. The study was performed using Vero cell line CCL-81, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), mouse monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies structurally mimicking biological effects of human interferons (IFNs), the Dubrovka laboratory strain of SARS-CoV-2. The infectivity of the virus was assessed by two methods: by virus titration using cell cultures and the limiting dilution method when the results are assessed by a cytopathic effect; the second method was a plaque assay. The in vitro virus inhibition test was performed using the cell culture susceptible to SARS-CoV-2; the mixture containing a specific dose of the virus and a two-fold dilution of ACOPB was transferred to the cell culture after the ACOPB medication had interacted with the virus at 4C for 2 hours. The ACOPB virus-inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 was assessed by the functional activity of / and IFN receptors (RIFN) in human PBMCs induced in vitro by ACOPB and the ACOPB mixture with the specific dose of SARS-CoV-2. The RIFN expression level was measured by the indirect membrane immunofluorescence test. Results. Hemagglutination assay using chicken, mouse, guinea pig, and human red blood cells was performed for detection of the SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory protein. The lysate of Vero CCL-81 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 Dubrovka demonstrated the highest hemagglutination activity with guinea pig red blood cells and low titers of hemagglutination in the virus-containing fluid. The virus inhibition test in the Vero CCL-81 cell culture demonstrated that ACOPB inhibited 10 doses of SARS-CoV-2 Dubrovka with the titer 1 : 32, providing 100% protection of the cell culture for 8 days (the monitoring period). ACOPB induced / and RIFN expression on membranes of human PBMCs in in vitro cultures and decreased RIFN / and expression after its interaction with SARS-CoV-2 Dubrovka. Conclusion. The experimental studies including the virus inhibition test in the cell culture susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Dubrovka and the indirect membrane immunofluorescence assay using monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking IFN-like properties demonstrated that ACOPB had both an immunomodulatory and a virus-inhibitory effect.

Оптимальний підхід до лікування пацієнток із пізніми стадіями раку яєчників — головне питання онкогінекології. Сучасні рекомендації вказують на важливість досягнення повної або оптимальної циторедукції, а також доцільність призначення передопераційної хіміотерапії пацієнткам з низькою імовірністю її виконання. Загальноприйняті критерії відбору пацієнток для виконання первинної циторедукції та неоад’ювантної хіміотерапії відсутні. У цій статті систематизовані наявні дані про прогнозування результатів хірургічного лікування пацієнток на підставі низки клініко-інструментальних факторів.

The use of modern breeding methods, biotechnology, and molecular genetics makes it possible to identify promising accessions with specified economically important traits at early pre-breeding stages. The success of creating new varieties depends on the availability of unique collections of plant genetic resources, information about genomes, possibility of in vitro cultivation with high regenerative capacity, and practical skills and competencies in this area. One of the advanced methods for accelerating the breeding process is genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas system. This method allows the effective modification of genes in order to obtain varieties with desired traits. In 2022, a new youth laboratory of genetics, breeding, biotechnology of ornamental and berry crops was set up at VIR as part of the National Project "Science and Universities". It is noteworthy that this event coincided with the 135th anniversary of the birth of N.I. Vavilov. The work of the laboratory is aimed at obtaining lines with desired properties for the further breeding process; identifying target genes of economically important traits for obtaining new varieties, lines, and hybrids; as well as creating protocols for the accelerated reproduction of virus-free material of commercially demanded varieties oriented towards import substitution. This review discusses current trends in breeding of ornamental and berry crops: e.g., flower color change in snapdragon and peony; flower aroma improvement in rose; architectonics change in actinidia; and increase of resistance to stress factors in blackberries, strawberries, and grapes.

A study of the thermal properties of materials used in semiconductor electronics has been carried out. The dependence of the thermal resistance of GaAs diodes on the temperature increase of the product body is determined. They are determined taking into account the design solutions of the housing design of the REA, which can protect components from extreme, difficult conditions, but they increase the weight and complexity of the system. Materials such as SiC, GaAs, GaN, diamond that can withstand extreme conditions may have advantages that go far beyond their electronic characteristics. An example of the application of GaAs-based diode modules of p-i-n diodes developed by JSC "VZPP-S" is given - a three-phase bridge rectifier made according to the Larionov scheme for an electric generator with a power of up to 2750 watts. A methodology for conducting reliability tests has been developed. Short-term tests for the reliability of diode modules at extreme housing temperatures were carried out. The results of the calculation of the thermal resistance of the junction-housing are presented. To simplify the calculation of the thermal resistance of the junction-housing of the developed module, we will make the following assumptions: the materials used in the design of the module diodes have isotropic thermal conductivity; heat exchange in the internal parts of the structure is carried out only by thermal conductivity; there are no contact resistances between the layers; the power dissipated by the terminals of the diode crystals is negligible compared with the power discharged through the lower base into the heat sink; the side surfaces of the thermal model are insulated; each layer of the same material is homogeneous and has a thermal conductivity coefficient determined by the average temperature of the layer; the influence of the thermal effect of neighboring crystals of the module is not taken into account. The algorithm of stationary thermal regime (method of equivalents) of Appendix N OST 11 0944-96 is chosen as the basis of calculation.

Within the conditions of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, when many questions regarding prevention and treatment strategies remain unsolved and the search for the best antiviral agents is underway, attention should be paid to the role of trace elements zinc and selenium in increasing the body’s resistance to viral infections and their direct antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Experimental data show that trace elements zinc and selenium not only act through regulating the immune response at all levels of humoral and cellular immunity, but also can play a significant role in adjuvant therapy for viral diseases. This is especially relevant in the case of COVID-19. Studies of the direct antiviral effect of these microelements testify to its 3 main ways to SARS-CoV-2: I — counteraction to virus replication and its transcription through: (i) their covalent binding to the SH-group of the cysteine of the main protease M(Pro) of the virus; (ii) inhibition of its RNA polymerase activity by zinc; II — preventing the penetration of the virus into cells due to blocking SH-groups of protein disulfide isomerase (RDI) of the protein of its spikes (peplomers); III — decreasing the adsorption capacity of the virus due to the blocking of the electrostatic interaction of SARS-CoV-2 peplomers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-2) in ultra-low, uncharacteristic oxidation states (Zn+1 and Se-2). The intensity of the antiviral action of these trace elements may depend on their chemical form. It was found that zinc citrate (a five-membered complex of zinc with citric acid) and monoselenium citric acid obtained with the help of nanotechnology have a greater intensity of action and higher chemical purity. Taking into account the immunostimulating and direct antiviral effect of zinc and selenium, their use in the form of pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements should be considered as adjunctive therapy for SARS-CoV-2 in patients, or as a preventive strategy for uninfected people from risk groups during the spread of COVID-19.

The research was aimed at the analysis of conceptual works of the 20th century on aesthetic education as a component of personal culture and values of mankind in general, together with the examination of the results of the methodological system in art education; with special emphasis, on the influence of this educational and political system on the events in Ukraine in 2022. Also, the methodological systems, conceptual works and arrangements of art education of the XX and XXI centuries are discussed, and the modern vectors of art education development are analyzed. It is concluded that, at the level of development of Ukrainian education, there is an urgent need for balanced decisions regarding changes in modern education. In particular, it is urgent to rethink the cultural values of the Ukrainian people in their relation to the world culture in general, at a comprehensive methodological level, forming aesthetic values and national consciousness, understanding the value of cultural diversity. Changes in all spheres of life in the 21st century are a natural necessity for the development of society. Finally, the political preconditions that have been developing cannot be ignored.

Sheep breeding is a branch of animal husbandry that is unique in terms of the variety and specificity of products. Sheep can utilize feed resources that are almost inaccessible to other types of farm animals. One of the factors in increasing the efficiency of sheep breeding is ensuring the well-being of farms concerning invasive diseases, particularly trichurosis. Successful control of trichurosis in sheep farms is the most effective for monitoring and forecasting the development of the epizootic situation depending on the climate-geographical zone. The work aimed to monitor the epizootic situation regarding sheep trichurosis in the Poltava region. According to the analysis of the statistical data of the reporting documentation of the Main Department of the State Production and Consumer Service in the Poltava region for 2018–2022, it was established that the share of helminthiasis among diseases of infectious etiology of sheep reaches 99.6 %. At the same time, among helminthiasis, nematodes have the highest specific weight – 69.0 %, and trematodes were less common – 31.0 %. Strongyloidiasis (68.05 %) was diagnosed most frequently among helminth infections during the studied period. A smaller percentage was strongylidosis of digestive organs (17.16 %) and trichurosis (11.24 %). Dictyocaulosis was rarely diagnosed among livestock (3.55 %). The average extent of trichurosis infestation of sheep during the investigated period in the territory of the Poltava region was 7.51 %, ranging from 5.83 to 9.26 %. Indicators of the extent of trichurosis invasion ranged from 5.45 to 33.33 % by area. According to the results of coproovoscopy, the highest values of sheep infestation with Trichuris were found in the farms of Karliv and Mashiv regions – 33.33 and 20.0 %, respectively. Less often, trichurosis was diagnosed in sheep farms of Dykanskyi (8.0 %), Reshetylivskyi (6.67 %), and Kotelevskyi (5.45 %) districts. The obtained data from monitoring studies prove the relevance of the further and more in-depth analysis of the spread of trichurosis infestation among sheep in the territory of the Poltava region, taking into account the age and seasonal dynamics of the disease, as well as the peculiarities of its course as part of mixed infestations.

Introduction. Rubella is a mild infectious disease affecting mainly children and is caused by the rubella virus, part of the Matonoviridae family, genus Rubivirus. Rubella causes congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) and is the main cause of developmental abnormalities, especially blindness and deafness. There is no specific treatment for rubella and CRS. In order to avoid possible complications from rubella infection, a live attenuated rubella vaccine based on the foreign strain of Wistar RA 27/3 rubella virus is used. However, the actual, more effective and preferred vaccine strain the rubella virus for the Russian Federation is considered to be a viral strain of rubella circulating on its territory. The aim of the study was to study the biological properties of the developed domestic cold-adapted strain vRub-Ant circulating in the territory of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. Following cell cultures were used in the study human embryo lung diploid cell strain LECH-3, transferable cell line from embryonic kidney cells of green monkeys Vero CCL-81 and Vero ECC, human mesenchymal stem cells, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Cell cultures were grown on a DMEM/F12 nutrient medium with the addition of 5% fetal bovine serum. Swabs from the pharynx and nasal passages from a child with rubella were used as clinical virus-containing material. Monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies m(anti-ID)Ab were used to assess the expression level of alpha/beta and gamma interferon receptors (/ and IFN-R)Ab, imitating the biological effects of alpha/beta and gamma interferons (/ and IFN) of humans. The cultural, virological, immunochemical and serological research methods were applied in the study. Results. Attenuation of the vRub-Ant clinical isolate of rubella virus was carried out for 20 consecutive passages on LECH-3 diploid cells at a reduced temperature of 30C. The main biological markers of attenuation were determined to be ts and ca phenotypes. The avirulence of the attenuated viral strain (att-phenotype) was assessed by the level of expression of / and IFN-R. A lower level of / and IFN-R expression was found on the membranes of human PBMC induced by the vaccine strain vRub-Ant in comparison with the parent wild variant of the rubella virus. This trait,the att phenotype, is characteristic of attenuated viral strains. It has been shown that the vaccine strain vRub-Ant has lost neurotropism and was unable to bind to the membrane receptors of the brain (MRB) of guinea pig embryos, unlike its parent rubella virus strain. The high immunogenicity of the domestic cold-adapted strain vRub-Ant was confirmed by high titers of neutralizing rubella antibodies observed in guinea pigs immunized subcutaneously with one vaccination dose of the virus. Conclusion. A domestic attenuated vaccine strain vRub-Ant of the rubella virus that has the main biological markers of attenuation (ts-ca and att phenotypes) has been developed. The vaccine strain vRub-Ant induces a high levels of neutralizing antibodies in guinea pigs following the immunization with a single vaccination dose of the vaccine. The viral strain vRub-Ant has lost its tropism to the MRB of guinea pig embryos, unlike its parent variant.

The article presents artistic projects in which the issue of gender is actualized. The above was carried out from the position of post-humanist ideas through the study of the impact of the development of technologies on modern socio-cultural processes. Thus, the projects created in different genres were analyzed, including post-cinema (“Night Walk for Edinburgh”, “A Total Jizzfest”) aimed at changing gender perceptions in society, Ellen Pearlman’s opera “Emotionally intelligent” Artificially Intelligent Brainwave Opera” (AIBO), in which, thanks to the involvement of artificial intelligence as an actor, gender opposition is reinforced. The Female Laptop Orchestra (FLO) project is dedicated to the support of female creativity, which, thanks to the involvement of information and communication tools, combines music creation with research in its activity. An important aspect of the considered projects is defined as interactivity, which is implemented by involving the viewer in the process of their creation. It was found that, on the one hand, the digital virtual space made it possible to reduce the importance of social roles or gender affiliation, thereby leveling the stereotype of the opposition between the author’s masculinity and femininity. On the other hand, with the development of machine learning technologies, a new opposition between the human author and the artificial intelligence in the same capacity is gradually emerging.

The article presents the results of a study of the strength characteristics of beams reinforced with non-matel rods. Tests were performed on concrete samples reinforced with composite and metal reinforcement of different diameters. Based on the results of the study, the tensile strength in bending and the modulus of elasticity of beams with composite reinforcement were determined. Graphs of the dependence of the beam deflections on the load are constructed based on the results of testing concrete samples reinforced with metal and polymer reinforcement. A comparative analysis of the work of metal and polymer reinforcement in concrete was carried out using the example of a rod with a diameter of 8 mm, which indicated higher strength characteristics of composite reinforcement. In turn, the tensile strength in bending of samples with composite and steel reinforcement, respectively, with a diameter of 8 mm and 10 mm has adjacent values. This allows in practice to use composite reinforcement with a smaller cross section. The corresponding work of reinforced concrete samples was modeled in the Lira-SAPR software package. The simulation results showed that the reduced deflection of beams reinforced with composite rods at a load of 30 kN, 40 kN has an average deviation of -22%. At the same time, the reduced deflection of samples reinforced with metal rods has a higher convergence with the experimental values and a discrepancy within 10%. Thus, the modeling of the operation of beams with composite reinforcement in software systems requires clarification, or the introduction of additional coefficients in the calculations. The results of testing samples of beams and analysis of the properties of non-metallic reinforcement make it possible to prepare proposals for the use of a new type of reinforcement and engineering calculation of cement concrete structures reinforced with fiberglass rods.

The way in which public opinion represents a war conflict is never neutral and, therefore, is given by the journalistic handling of such a problematic situation by the social media, always conditioned by the interests of its political agenda, so that the written press is also one of the privileged theaters of operations where the war conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine takes place. The objective of the research was to analyze the representations, this is (what is said, when it is said and how it is said) that certain Latin American written press of wide dissemination makes about the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Methodologically, dialectical hermeneutics and critical analysis of political discourse were used to describe the scope and meaning of the journalistic narrative on this conflict that acquires unpredictable consequences for the current world order. It is concluded that the war conflict between the aforementioned countries occupies a prominent place in the international politics section of the Latin American press. In general, support for Ukraine's resistance and Russia's condemnation of Russia as dangerous to the security of Europe and the Western world prevail in these media.

Dmytro Bahaliy is an important figure for Kharkiv regional memory. Being a prolific historian and active publicfigure, he devoted most of his works to local history, that is Slobid Ukraine region. Having found himself at KharkivUniversity, accidentally to some extent, he became the part of local community until the end of his life. He was activein public life, and at the same time, he was distant from radical positions. His moderate public views corralated withacademic interests. Bahaliy was beyond political processes, he was a researcher of migration, culture and everydaylife of the population of the region. Traditionally, in the optics of his time, he saw the region and its main city -Kharkiv, as a territory where two communities - Ukrainians and Russians - "Little Russians" and "Great Russians", inBahaliy's terminology, interacted. Bahaliy moved to Kharkiv during the period of rapid growth of the city. Theresearcher could not but notice that one of the actors in these processes was the Jewish community. Bahaliy noted thatthe number of the Jewish population in the city was constantly and steadily growing. Nevertheless, in his main works,the researcher gives a minimal place to the Jews. He easily used stereotypes about Jews, characteristic of the discourseof the Russian Empire at the time. Perhaps this silence was an attempt to ignore the "Jewish question", which hadbecome serious problem since Bahaliy's arrival in Kharkiv. In 1881-1882, a wave of anti-Jewish violence sweptthrough the south of the empire. There were no so-called pogroms in Kharkiv, but anti-Semitic discourse was quitewidespread, among Bahaliy's colleagues in political activity in particular. In the future, the situation did not get better,the period of Jewish emancipation, which lasted from 1859, was finished. Bahaliy certainly did not intend to writeabout the birth of Zionism in Kharkiv, or the revolutionary activity of the Jews, but in his description of the Jewishcommunity he did not go beyond the official censuses.

The work is devoted to the study of the influence of the structural features of the crystal on the resistance of DMOS transistors under the influence of ionizing radiation. A comparison of the results of instrumentation and technological modeling of commercially available p-channel DMOS transistors designed for the maximum allowable drain-source voltage of 60V and 100V is carried out. Modeling was carried out in the TCAD environment, all the basic physical principles of the structure under study were taken into account with the help of appropriate mathematical models. The obtained values of the model's electrical parameters showed full compliance with the normative values. The critical points of the crystal design that affect the performance of transistors in the presence of ionizing radiation from outer space are determined. The influence of the electric field strength in the crystal body on the resistance to ionizing radiation is estimated. It is shown that the actual values of the electric field strength in the region of the p-n junction do not exceed the values of the critical strength, having a margin of more than 1.22 times.

Recently, in addition to clinical, endoscopic and morphological studies, the algorithm for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) also includes some serum and fecal biomarkers that help select patients for endoscopy, as well as distinguish between organic and functional (non‑inflammatory) diseases (for example, irritable bowel syndrome). Among the latter, the definition of fecal calprotectin (CP) is used mostly often, it is a well‑studied biomarker of inflammation due to its stability, reproducibility of analysis, low cost, and high diagnostic value. The presented review highlights the latest data on the main biological CP functions and the clinical application of its definition in inflammatory diseases of intestine, skin, joints, etc. It is shown that CP belongs to the family of calcium‑binding leukocyte S100 proteins and consists of two monomers: S100A8 and S100A9. CP is constitutively expressed by monocytes, dendritic cells, activated macrophages, keratinocytes of the oral cavity and squamous epithelium of the mucosa. Thus, the CP expression in a healthy person is limited by a small number of specialized cells and is usually activated during inflammation. Both subunits of CP, S100A8 and S100A9, have a wide range of intracellular and extracellular immunomodulatory properties, control the intracellular pathways of innate immune cells and are responsible for organizing the response to the inflammatory process. Determination of fecal CP enables distinguishing between non‑inflammatory and inflammatory bowel diseases, it is a non‑invasive inexpensive method, and the CP itself remains stable at room temperature in the feces for at least 3 days. In the diagnosis of IBD, fecal CP is a more sensitive marker than C‑reactive protein, which has made it an excellent (i.e., highly sensitive) biomarker for detecting intestinal inflammation in IBD and has contributed to its widespread use worldwide. The value of the level of fecal Cp 250 mg/g dictates the need for endoscopic examination of the patient for IBD or raises the suspicion of its recurrence.

In Ukraine, an anti-terrorist operation, carried out on a significant territory of the country (about 20 percent) has been going on for eight years. All this time, hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians stay in stressful conditions. Changes occur in cognitive, behavioral, value-motivational, emotional and other spheres of these people personality. One of the risk groups is middle-aged people, because the key tasks for this stage of a person's life become difficult to implement. In women, the emotional component of this process is more intense than in men, which becomes an additional stress factor in this situation. There are studies on the emotional component in interpersonal relationships in these women, their tendency to affect, the consequences of receiving traumatic experience, impulsiveness, etc. However, the number of studies on the peculiarities of basic emotions manifestation, level indicators of anxiety, aggressiveness and other components of the emotional sphere remains insignificant, which would make it possible to develop appropriate psychocorrective programs. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of emotional sphere in middle-aged women who have been in the area of anti-terrorist operation (ATO) for a long time. Research methods – a technique for measuring the level of anxiety (J. Taylor), a scale of differential emotions (K. Izard), a technique for detecting the level of aggressiveness (Bassa-Darky). Mathematical and statistical processing - φ-criterion Fisher's angular transformation. The subjects were 40 middle-aged women employed with higher education. They are divided into two groups of 20: according to the criterion, they were in the area of anti-terrorist operation (ATO) for a long time and had never been in the specified territory. Conclusions: for the emotional sphere of middle-aged women who have been for a long time (at least 5 years) in the area of anti-terrorist operation (ATO), the phenomena of "level decrease of emotions of the positive spectrum" and "level increase of aggressiveness" and a high general level of anxiety are characteristic. In the anxiety-depressive spectrum of the emotional sphere, guilt becomes the dominant emotion. There is a tendency to increase more open forms of aggressiveness, but the manifestation of anger, on the contrary, is becoming more moderate.

Problem definition world globalization and the introduction of martial law in Ukraine led to a significant increase in the number of Ukrainians emigrating to China. The emigration process has its stages, at each of which the individual solves his tasks of social and psychological adaptation, which requires research. Problem analysis In the scientific literature, the emigration process is divided into three main stages (preparatory, moving and familiarization with new living conditions and adaptation to new conditions), in each of which adaptation is an important psychological component of this process. In the humanistic paradigm, the process of socio-psychological adaptation of the individual is the most developed and researched. The purpose of the study to reveal the stage-by-stage features of socio-psychological adaptation among Ukrainians emigrating to China. The research methods are the Rogers-Diamond diagnostic method of socio-psychological adaptation; questionnaires "Adaptive strategies of behavior" and "Satisfaction with life" according to N. Melnikova; questionnaire "Social well-being". Mathematical and statistical processing of the φ criterion - Fisher's angular transformation and the Mann-Whitney U-criterion. Description of the sample the sample consisted of 90 Ukrainians of early adulthood who are in a marital relationship and have a higher education. The sample was divided into 3 studied groups. Group 1 (Gr. 1) includes Ukrainians who plan to emigrate to China, which was confirmed by the documents they drew up for this purpose. Group 2 (Gr. 2) included Ukrainians who lived in China for no more than 1 year after moving. Until the third (Gr.3) - more than 1 year. Conclusions At the second stage of socio-psychological adaptation in the process of emigration, the indicators of emotional discomfort, non-acceptance of others, external conflict and maladjustment significantly increase among Ukrainians, which worsens their adaptation potential, however, at the third stage, its full recovery and return to the level of the emigration planning stage was revealed. At each stage, features of the manifestation of adaptive behavioral strategies, indicators of social well-being and life satisfaction were revealed.

Purpose and objectives. The purpose was to evaluate the adaptability and stability of spring triticale varieties and breeding lines for yield and expression of valuable economic characteristics in environmental trials and to identify the best genotypes with a set of valuable features. Materials and methods. We studied 13 spring triticale genotypes (2020–2021) in two different agroclimatic environments (Eastern Forest-Steppe [PPI] and transitional zone from forest-steppe to steppe [UESPP]). The experimental plots of 2 m2 in three replications were arranged in series. The field assessments were performed in accordance with methods of qualification examination of plant varieties. The adaptability parameters were determined by AV Kilchevskiy and PV Khotylyova’s method. Results and discussion. The yield stability and valuable economic characteristics were assessed and the best genotypes with a set of valuable features were identified. A high yield capacity (6.85–7.44 t/ha) and high plasticity (bi 1.34−1.82) were intrinsic to Darkkhliba Kharkivskyi, Svoboda Kharkivska, YATKH 23-19, YATKH 29-19, and YATKH 40-19, which indicates their ability to effectively fulfill their performance potentials under favorable conditions. Svoboda Kharkivska, Kripost Kharkiv, and Opora Kharkivska were found to be the most adaptable to environmental changes varieties. These varieties can be recommended for cultivation under different growing conditions throughout Ukraine to a wide range of producers. Svoboda Kharkivska consistently gave a high yield on average across the experiment (6.24 t/ha), showed high levels of general and specific adaptability, and a high genotype’s breeding value. This variety is noteworthy for easy threshing and its plants are consistently of medium height (108 cm). Kripost Kharkivska consistently gave a high yield (5.66 t/ha), showed relative stability and was of genotype’s breeding value. Its plants were consistently short under different conditions (84−93 cm); the 1000-grain weight was increased (40.2 g); and the score of resistance to septoria tritici blotch was 7 points; the “seedlings-earing” period was extended (60 days). Opora Kharkivska gave a stable yield of 5.84 t/ha) and stood out for its general and specific adaptability and genotype’s breeding value. Its plants were of medium height (108 cm); its “seedlings-earing” period was shorter (56 days). Darkhlib Kharkivskyi showed high plasticity and general adaptability. At UESPP, it produced a high (compared to other varieties) yield (6.75 t/ha) and demonstrated increased resistance to septoria tritici blotch.As to the lines, the highest breeding value in terms of yield and adaptability was found for YATKH 40-19, YATKH 23-19, and YATKH 29-19. YATKH 40-19 gave a high yield on average across the experiment (5.88 t/ha). It was highly plastic. Under the favorable conditions (UESPP, 2020), it stood out for the highest yield of 7.44 t/ha. It also demonstrated increased resistance to septoria tritici blotch (7.5 points).YATKH 23-19 and YATKH 29-19 were highly plastic. Under the favorable conditions, they gave high yields (7.04 and 7.09 t/ha, respectively). YATKH 23-19 also showed high levels of general adaptability and genotype’s breeding value. It produced over 5 t/ha regardless of growing conditions. Conclusions. As a result of the environmental trials, the most valuable genotypes in terms of adaptability, yield and valuable economic characteristics were identified. High yield capacity (6.85–7.44 t/ha) and high plasticity (bi 1.34–1.82) were noted for varieties Darkkhliba Kharkivskyi and Svoboda Kharkivska and for lines YATKH 19-19, YATKH 29-19, and YATKH 40-19.Svoboda Kharkivska, Kripost Kharkivska, and Opora Kharkivska were found to be the most adaptable to environmental changes varieties. That is, the yields harvested from these varieties fluctuated to a lesser extent under the influence of environmental conditions. At the same time, they optimally combine a high yield capacity and stability, as evidenced by their high genotype’s breeding values. They produced over 5 t/ha even under the unfavorable growing conditions. These varieties can be recommended for growing under different conditions throughout Ukraine to many producers. As to the lines, the highest breeding value was observed for YATKH 23-19 and YATKH 40-19. The selected accessions are also valuable material in breeding for yield capacity and adaptability.

Pandemic of COVID‑19 has brought significant changes not only to the daily life of mankind, but also to the course of many chronic diseases. In addition to lung damage, extrapulmonary manifestations may develop against the background of coronavirus disease progression. These changes often have multi‑organ nature, especially against the background of existing chronic diseases. Literature describes cardiac, neurologic, renal extrapulmonary SARS‑CoV‑2 lesions as well as eye damage. Gastrointestinal tract is one of the areas affected by SARS‑CoV‑2 virus. This impact is stipulated by the significant effects of virus on the microbiota and permeability of mucosal barriers, as well as important role of changes in the intestinal barrier function in the development of local and systemic immune response. Working group of the Ukrainian Gastroenterological Association (UGA) worked out a classification of intestinal post‑covid lesions, which was presented at the UGA congress in September 2021. The following types of damage have been outlined: COVID‑19 induced bacterial overgrowth syndrome, functional diarrhea after previous COVID‑19 infection, infection‑induced irritable bowel syndrome (post‑infectious IBS), antibiotic‑associated diarrhea (without Clostridium difficile and pseudomembranous colitis with confirmed Clostridium difficile), exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease), newly diagnosed (COVID‑induced) inflammatory bowel disease. The course of functional and inflammatory diseases can be modified by COVID‑19, affecting the gut microbiome. It is necessary to conduct a thorough differential diagnosis of exacerbation of functional, inflammatory and post‑covid lesions of the intestine. Complex therapy including agents to correct dysbiosis should be used to treat this group of patients.

Such widespread functional gastrointestinal disorders as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD), although not represented by any obvious structural lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, but they seriously affect quality of life of many patients. According to epidemiological data, 26.7 — 48.7 % of IBS patients and 20.0 — 42.1 % of patients with FD have a crossover of symptoms, also known as overlap IBS/FD syndrome. Overlap syndrome usually leads to more serious clinical manifestations, deterioration of quality of life and complications. Chronic low‑intensity post‑infectious inflammation or non‑infectious microinflammation and the immune response play an important role in the pathogenesis of both IBS and FD, leading to visceral hypersensitivity, dysfunction of «brain‑gut» axis and intestinal mucosal barrier, which are usually the cause of IBS or FD. However, whether inflammation has the same mechanism in the syndrome of the overlap of IBS and FD (IBS/FD) remains unclear. The presented review considers the latest advances in the study of inflammatory mechanisms in IBS/FD and proposes new treatment tactics. Current data on the role of gastrointestinal infection, secondary chronic inflammation and immune response, intestinal mucosal barrier damage associated with gastrointestinal infection, effects of gastrointestinal infections on the enteric nervous system and the «gut‑brain» axis, possible role of Helicobacter pylori infection at the overlap of IBS/FD are discussed. The role of non‑infectious inflammation, in particular, bacterial overgrowth syndrome, food allergy, psychological or mental stress in the pathogenesis of IBS, FD and IBS/FD overlapping is also considered. The modern tactics of treatment and management of such patients, which is based on the impact on inflammatory mechanisms also are presented.

Objective — to study the character of liver function tests’ changes in patients with COVID — 19, assess the rate of their onset, their clinical and laboratory manifestations and degree of COVID‑19 effects on the liver function with the purpose to implement treatment and preventive measures. Materials and methods. The study included 120 medical records of inpatients with COVID‑19, hospitalized in the departments of Clinical Hospital № 8, reprofiled to the infectious wards in the period between November 2020 and April 2021. The most patients were aged 60 — 69 years (41.7 %) and older than 70 years (25.0 %), the minor portion was younger than 40 years (1.7 %); women prevailed (65.0 %). Results. The increased hepatic transaminases levels were revealed in 52 % of patients, and total bilirubin (especially indirect) was raised in 15 %. Higher transaminases levels, severe course of coronaviral disease and unfavorable prognosis were more common in male patients. Frequency of SARS‑CoV‑2 — associated liver injury with minimal grade of activity of liver transaminases prevailed in women older than 60 years and men aged 50 to 69 years. COVID‑19‑associated hepatitis with moderate activity was observed in women aged 50 — 69 years and men of working age (40 — 49 years) and elderly (> 70 years) patients, high degree of transaminases’ activity against COVID‑19 background was registered only in men aged 40 — 59 years with moderate to severe COVID‑19 course. Lethal outcomes due to severe pulmonary injury were registered in 19 patients with severe COVID‑19 course; they also had liver dysfunction. From them, 11 had diagnosed liver steatosis before COVID‑19. The most part of deсeased due to COVID‑19 were older than 60 years and had a history of comorbidities (type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis and 2 — 3 grade obesity). Conclusions. Hepatic impairment occurred in 52 % of inpatients with COVID‑19. All patients with moderate course of coronaviral disease demonstrated positive dynamics of transaminases and bilirubin levels and favorable prognosis after hospitalization due to COVID‑19. Most of them hadn’t had liver injuries before coronaviral disease and six patients had been diagnosed with liver diseases before COVID‑19. No cases of fatal liver failure were registered. After in‑hospital treatment, the transaminases levels were lower in patients, who hadn’t had history of liver diseases before COVID‑19 and received hepatoprotective drugs. Treatment with glutathione and ursodeoxycholic acid was confirmed as the most effective therapy in patients with coronaviral disease.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered currently as one of the most effective therapeutic procedures for the treatment of recurrent pseudomembranous colitis associated with Clostridium difficile infection and some other intestinal and extraintestinal diseases associated with gut dysbiosis. Recent investigations gave the reason to believe that FMT success depends largely on the microbial diversity and composition of a donor’s stool. These data allowed us to develop concepts of the existence of so‑called FMT «superdonors», which include individuals from whom FMT was accompanied by high efficiency. The review also examines other possible mechanisms and factors that influence TFM success, such as the nature and severity of the pathology being treated, the frequency of procedures, the quality and quantity of donor material, FMT from one or more donors, and other factors. The authors also presented own data on the efficacy of FMТ from «superdonors» in 86 patients with various intestinal diseases. For the first time in Ukraine a comparative study was conducted to study TMF efficacy in 28 patients with mild to moderate non‑specific ulcerative colitis, in 8 patients with Crohn’s disease and 40 subjects with post‑infection irritative bowel disease (IBD) with diarrhea. All TMF procedures were performed by means of introduction of donor’s material in the dome of the cecum during colonoscopy. Clinical efficacy of the induction of remission during two months after TMF was registered in 17 (60.7 %) patients with non‑specific ulcerative colitis and 4 (50.0 %) patients with Crohn’s disease. Effectiveness of TMF from the same superdonors in 27 (67.5 %) patients with IBD with diarrhea was somewhat higher. Clinical improvement was achieved in a form of abdominal pain relief, decrease of diarrhea and bloating, and improvement in general condition. Consideration have been given to the possibility of predicting FMT efficacy based on the microbial and metabolic profiling, microbial interactions that affect the effectiveness of FMT, factors influencing the long‑term effects of FMT, new personalized approaches to FMT, which will allow to use FMТ more purposefully in future.

Background and Aims Proctitis is the least extensive type of ulcerative colitis, for which rectal therapy is rarely studied and is underused. This study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and patient’s preference of a novel formulation of budesonide suppository 4 mg, compared with a commercially available budesonide rectal foam 2 mg, for the treatment of mild to moderate ulcerative proctitis. Methods This was a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled trial. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either budesonide 4 mg suppository or budesonide 2 mg foam once daily for 8 weeks. The co-primary endpoints were changes from baseline to Week 8 in clinical symptoms, for which clinical remission was defined as having a modified Ulcerative Colitis-Disease Activity Index [UC-DAI] subscore for stool frequency of 0 or 1 and a subscore for rectal bleeding of 0, and mucosal healing, defined as having a modified UC-DAI subscore for mucosal appearance of 0 or 1. Using a more stringent criterion, we additionally analysed deepened mucosal healing, which was defined as a mucosal appearance subscore of 0. Patient’s preference, physician’s global assessment, and quality of life were also assessed and analysed. Results Overall, 286 and 291 patients were included in the 4 mg suppository and 2 mg foam groups, respectively. Budesonide 4 mg suppository met the prespecified criterion for non-inferiority to the 2 mg foam in both co-primary endpoints of clinical remission and mucosal healing. Secondary endpoints consistently supported the non-inferiority of the suppository. Trends in favour of the suppository were observed in the subgroup of mesalazine non-responders. More patients reported a preference for the suppository over rectal foam. Conclusions In patients with ulcerative proctitis, budesonide 4 mg suppository was non-inferior to budesonide 2 mg foam in efficacy, and both were safe and well tolerated.

Corruption is one of the most negative phenomena in the state system. Manifesting element of corruption has been highly experienced in public services where there is always a need in analyzing them. Without proper counteraction to corruption, it is able to nullify all previous achievements in reforming the country's mechanisms of government and stop its development. Despite some achievements of the Ukrainian state in the field of combating and preventing corruption, especially in the years after the Revolution of Dignity, society and the state leadership will have to make many efforts to significantly improve the situation in this direction. In order to select the most effective ways to prevent corruption, the positive experience of successful foreign countries in this area is studied. Ways and methods of effective counteraction to corruption in the public service are considered. Specific ways of combating corruption at each level of government are analyzed and compared. Peculiarities of counteracting corruption both in state authorities and in local self-government bodies are established. Emphasis is placed that without a proper improvement of the quality of public service in the state, in particular a significant improvement in combating and preventing corruption, it will be difficult or impossible to achieve a proper standard of living (well-being) in the state and society. It is established that the solution of the problematic issues outlined in this article depends on many environmental factors, first of all, such as the stability of the political regime in the state, an effective judicial system and the effective operation of law enforcement agencies.

Black phosphorus (b-P) single crystals having the n-type electrical conductivity produced in a high pressure set-up (~1 GPa) with six diamond anvils at 800 °C for 12 h have been studied. The electrical conductivity σ(Т,В) and the Hall constant Rh(Т,В) have been analyzed within one-band and two-band models as functions of temperature in the 2 < Т < 300 K range and magnetic field in the 0 < В < 8 T range. Fitting of the experimental σ(Т,В) and Rh(Т,В) curves suggests the following key properties of the crystals: (1) intrinsic conductivity type, (2) approximately equal electron and hole concentrations and mobilities, (3) anisotropic behavior of electron and hole conductivities, concentrations and mobilities and (4) combination of negative and positive contributions to magnetoresistance (magnetoresistive effect, MR). In a zero magnetic field the anisotropy coefficient α = [σа(Т) – σс(Т)]/σс(Т) below 50—70 K is positive whereas above 220 K its sign changes to negative due to a specific combination of the temperature dependences of carrier concentration and mobility. It has been shown that the negative sign of relative MR (negative magnetoresistive effect) dominates at T < 25 K and B

The effectiveness of plant genetic transformation is determined by the choice of genetic structures and their regulatory sequences that cause a high and stable expression level of heterologous genes. In this regard, the actual task of biotechnology is the use of highly effective plant promoters. The choice of promoter determines not only the level of the expression gene, but also the effectiveness of genetic transformation. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the influence of explant type and 5-deletion variants of the plant strong pro-SmAMP1 promoter, on the Agrobacterium -mediated transformation efficiency of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Udacha. To analyze the regenerative capacity of potato stem and leaf explants, AGL0 strain carrying constructs containing the 5-deletion variants of the promoter fragment of gene encoding antimicrobial peptide from Stellaria media L. ( pro-SmAMP1 ) was carried out. Four genetic constructs based on the plant expression vector pCAMBIA1381Z were used in this work, containing the selectable gene hptII and reporter gene uidA under different 5-deletion variants of the pro-SmAMP1 promoter (-442, -675, -732 and -1196 bp relative to the transcription initiation site); as well as two binary vectors based on the expression vector pCAMBIA1302 with 5-deletion pro-SmAMP1 promoter variants (-442 and -1196 bp), controlling the expression of gfp reporter gene. It was found that the effectiveness of Agrobacterium -mediated transformation depended on the type of genetic construction used, but not on the type of explant being cultivated. The insertion of the promoter region pro-SmAMP1 gene, hptII , as well as the absence of the bacterial Vir E gene was confirmed by PCR. Depending on the type of genetic construct, the transformation efficiency for the reporter gene varied from 2.0 to 7.2 %. The results are compared with previously conducted few studies, according to which the choice of promoter determines not only the expression level of marker genes, but also has a significant influence on the genetic transformation efficiency.

Chronic atrophic gastritis, chronic duodenal and gastric ulcers create conditions for the formation of precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa in the form of dysplasia. The biopsy material of the gastric mucosa from patients with chronic atrophic gastritis, chronic gastric and duodenal ulcers - 75 was studied. The development of severe dysplasia of the epithelium of the gastric mucosa was observed mainly in more severe forms of chronic gastritis. High proliferative activity of the epithelium of the gastric mucosa was confirmed by the expression of the marker Ki-67 with a label index (MI)>30,0%. Between the degree of gastric mucosal epithelial dysplasia and mitotic regimens in chronic atrophic gastritis, chronic duodenal and gastric ulcers, Pearson’s correlation coefficient rxy was 0,853, 0,754 and 0,853, respectively. There is a statistically significant dependence with a probability of 0,99., Хронічний атрофічний гастрит, хронічна виразка дванадцятипалої кишки та шлунка створює умови для формування передракових змін в слизовій оболонці шлунка у вигляді дисплазій. Досліджено біопсійний матеріал слизової оболонки шлунків, від хворих на хронічний атрофічний гастрит, хронічну виразку шлунка та дванадцятипалої кишки - 75. Розвиток вираженої дисплазії епітелію слизової оболонки шлунка спостерігався переважно при більш виражених формах хронічного гастриту. Висока проліферативна активність епітелію слизової оболонки шлунка підтверджена експресією маркеру Кі-67 з індексом мітки (ІМ) >30,0%. Між ступенем дисплазії епітелію слизової оболонки шлунка та показниками мітотичного режиму при хронічному атрофічному гастриті, хронічній виразці дванадцятипалої кишки та шлунка коефіцієнт кореляції Пірсона rxy склав відповідно 0,853, 0,754 та 0,853. Наявна статистично достовірна залежність з ймовірністю 0,99.

The article defines the main directions for the formation of a digital platform and the key principles of the goal of implementing digitalization in relation to inland water transport. A systematic approach to the analysis of the problems of digitalization of inland waterway transport is proposed, including a set of graphical and matrix models characterizing this sub-sector of transport and logistics. The main components of the concept "Smart inland water transport" are considered and outlined. Considering this, promising directions for the development of information and telecommunication and intelligent services for inland water transport are formulated. A SWOT analysis of the digitalization of the industry was also carried out, as a result of which management strategies in inland water transport were proposed taking into account the identified strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats. In the final part of paper basic aspects of introduction of active information systems during inland water transport digitalization, structure of such systems and problems of their creation and functioning are considered. The presented models allow us to characterize and visualize the problems of the formation of "end-to-end" technologies of inland water transport, as part of the problems of the digital economy, to outline the directions of integration of information resources and approaches to "expanded" organizations, including all those interested in the implementation of relevant transport services.

The aim: to evaluate the efficacy of respiratory muscles training in the complex treatment of patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Material and methods. A prospective randomized study included 120 patients (71 men and 49 women, mean age 73,6±5,8 years) hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure. The main exclusion criteria were: requirement for treatment in intensive care unit; hemodynamic instability; severe pulmonary and other concomitant pathology. After initial procedures all patients were randomized to breathing exercises performed in addition to standard therapy (main group, n=60) or to standard therapy only (control group, n=60). Patients of the main group were trained in the technique of complete yogic breathing, which consists of three successive phases: abdominal, thoracic and clavicular. The participants practiced full breathing daily at least 3 times a day for 10 minutes under the supervision of instructor. The primary endpoint of the study was the change in dyspnea according to the modified Borg scale (modified by V.Yu. Mareev) on the 7th day of treatment. Results. During treatment the severity of dyspnea decreased in both groups, more significantly in the main group (from 6 (5; 6) to 3 (2; 3) points) compared to control (from 6 (5; 6) to 4 (3; 4) points, p Conclusion. Respiratory muscles training with full yogic breathing in addition to standard medical therapy for patients with acute decompensated heart failure leads to a more significant reduction in the severity dyspnea, increased exercise tolerance, improved blood oxygen saturation, and reduced need for diuretics. The use of full breathing is associated with significant improvement in the quality of life and decrease in the length of hospital stay, but does not lead to improvement in hospital outcomes.

Aim: To define and reveal the content, specificity and peculiarities of rehabilitation services in Ukraine. Materials and Methods: Analysis and generalization of literary sources and Internet data on the implementation of rehabilitation services, systematic analysis and synthesis. Conclusions: After analyzing literary sources and Internet data, we found that rehabilitation services are a set of measures aimed at the functional restoration of a person and his impaired state.

The article defines the results of modeling the influence of thelevel of the shadow economy on the parameters of the inclusive development of the regions of Ukraine. For the analysis, the level of the shadow economy calculated on the basis of monetary and sectoral methods was used. Based on the results of the analysis, it was determined that the presence of strong inclusive institutions, by defini-tion, leads to faster economic development in the long term, while exploitative institutions of the econ-omy cannot achieve long-term development, which occurs only in the short term and ceases to exist.As a result of the conducted research, the influence of the growth of the shadow sector of the economy on the reduction of the economic security of the state was revealed, and a number of recom-mendations were developed to overcome this problem.For Ukraine, the shadow economy, according to various estimates, is from 35% to 50% of GDP. The purpose of this article is to determine the main factors that contribute to the development of the shad-ow economy, and the means of their neutralization. Through state regulation, it is necessary to neutralize the factors that contribute to the growth of the shadow economy, in particular: measures to mitigate the effects of crisis phenomena should be provided for the population; legalization and removal of informal economic relations from the shadows; strict repressive measures against corrupt and criminal structures.Considering the issue of detinization, it should be noted that in Ukraine for a long time insuffi-cient attention was paid to the issue of reducing the share of the shadow economy. In recent years, this issue has become increasingly relevant on the political agenda. The government's action program contains several points to reduce the shadow economy.In order to reduce tax evasion, careful adjustments are necessary, such as ensuring the trans-parency of the tax legislation, preventing tax discrimination, increasing the possibility of detecting tax evasion, and, above all, taking action against the perpetrators. We emphasize that, in order to in-crease the number of prosecutors and fines for negligence, it is necessary to improve democratic institutions, strengthen the anticorruption fight, and eliminate the shameful phenomenon of politicians and bureaucrats ruling with anger.

Ethics approval The ethical examination of the conducted empirical research was carried out and it was approved by the Committee on Ethics of Scientific Researches of the Public Organization “National Academy of Sciences of Higher Education of Ukraine”, protocol № 12, dated from the 14th of December, 2021. Introduction and aim. The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of suicidal behavior as a result of maladjustment of servicemen to the conditions of military service in Ukraine. The tasks of the article are to identify among militaries: 1) the most significant risk factors for autoregressive and suicidal behavior; 2) the psychological peculiarities of adaptive disorders that may lead to suicide; 3) protective factors against autoregressive and suicidal behavior. Material and method. To solve the problem of our research, a set of methods was used: theoretical methods – theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific sources, their systematization, classification, generalization; empirical methods – the observation, the interview, a questionnaire, testing, the method of expert assessments. In general 420 militaries were participated in our research. The participants of the 1st stage of the study were 240 militaries in the age 18-25 years old with suicidal and auto-aggressive behavior in anamnesis and one or more attempts of suicide. These militaries were treated in the psychiatric hospital № 1 in Kyiv (Ukraine). At the 2nd stage of the study 180 militaries were participated. They were treated in the Main Military Clinical Hospital (the Center), Kyiv, Ukraine. The research was organized during May–November, 2021. Results. We investigated that 120 militaries had various forms of post-suicidal encephalopathy, such as acute affective, non-psychotic state. The number of patients with residual psychoorganic pathology was 41 people (34.16%); after poisoning there were 37 people, the number of patients with toxic encephalopathy – 33 people (27.5%); after self-arson – 9 people, there were 4 patients (3.33%) with burn encephalopathy. We identified the following clinical variants of depressive reactions as a result of maladjustment and suicidal attempts: 1) the reaction of disadaptation in combination with neurosis-like disorders (48.9%); 2) the reaction of maladjustment including hypochondriacal inclusions (in 23.4% of cases of respondents); 3) maladaptive reactions with an anxious component were observed in 28.6% of cases. Conclusion. It was shown that the suicidal behavior of soldiers depended on many external and internal risk factors. We showed protective factors against autoregressive and suicidal behavior.

Bacterial translocation and endotoxemia due to dysbiosis and increased intestinalpermeability have been proposed as the possible mechanism that provokes developmentand progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Microbiome variationscould lead to positive and negative effect due to the impact on different links of theNAFLD pathogenesis – from biochemical markers to the fat accumulation in the liver.Therefore, looking for thetherapy that could effectively influence on the liver steatosisprevention has become a topic research during recent years.Objective – to study the gut microbiome composition and biochemical markers in patientswith nonalcoholic fatty liver disease before and after inulin treatment.Materials and methods. The study design included 93 patients with NAFLD who weregiven 5 g of Inulin- Neo (Sunchoke extract) twice daily. NAFLD diagnosis was basedon the ultrasound and liver elastography examination. The gut microbiome beforeand after treatment was determined by the real-time PCR methodology and includedthe Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria measurement, as well as the qualitativedetermination of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei. The durationof treatment was 20 days. Results. There were Actinobacteria and Firmicutes growth in gut microbiome,improvement of biochemical indicators (gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), triglycerides(TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL), high-sensitive CRP (hs- CRP)) after the Inulintreatment. Also, a negative correlational relationship was marked between the level ofActinobacteria and intestinal Candidosis after the Inulin therapy.Conclusions. Inulin can be a part of therapy in patients with NAFLD due to its positiveeffect on the biochemical indicators of steatosis and by gut microbiome modulation,which affects the reduction of pro-inflammatory markers and the endotoxemia level.

From a dialectical hermeneutic methodology that discusses different ideological texts produced in particular political contexts of power, the objective of the article lies in defining a critical line that points out inconsistencies and contradictions before what generically can be defined without much conceptual precision as progressive discourse, that is: a discursive formation that brings together different social movements, civil organizations and political parties --in theory-- of frank counter-hegemonic character. It is concluded that morally the progressive discourse is not by itself bad, good, or neutral, everything will depend, ultimately, on the tastes and preferences of each person built by their cultural biases and, more specifically, in the heat of the processes of political socialization by which they have been conditioned ontologically. Therefore, rather than a critique of the historically existing progressive discourse, a review must be made of the tendentious way in which certain political actors use this discourse to validate their hegemonic interests in their context of action. In addition, in many verifiable respects this discourse can mean the justification of authoritarian practices that contravene the enjoyment and enjoyment of fundamental rights, which does not mean that the authors bet on conservative political and ideological positions.