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Girişimcilik, mal veya hizmet üretimi için gerekli olan faktörlerin ekonomi için yeni fırsatların ve yeni değerlerin ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışıldığı organizasyondur. Daha çok genç beyinlerin enerjileri ve fikirleri sayesinde ortaya çıkan girişimciliğin, gelişmesinde üniversiteler önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. BuçalışmaAnkara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin girişimcilik eğiliminive kişilikleriniölçmek,girişimcilik kişiliği ve eğilimiarasındaki farkların/benzerliklerin demografik veriler ile analiz edilmesini amaçlamıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre faktörlerin değişkenliklerine göre girişimcilik kişiliği ve girişimcilik eğilimine sahip farklı grupların değişkenlik gösterdiğitespit edilmiştir. Girişimcilik eğitiminin girişimcilik eğilimi üzerinde önemli etkileri olmasına rağmen öğrencilerin yeterli düzeyde girişimcilik dersi almamış olması nedeniyle girişimcilik eğilimlerine eğitimin etkisi konusunda anlamlı bir bulguya ulaşılamamıştır.Analiz sonuçlarındaortaya çıkan bir başka önemli sonuç ise girişimcilik kişiliği ve girişimcilik eğiliminin farklı faktörlerde her zaman paralel olarak ilerlemediğidir. Örneğin cinsiyet faktörü ele alındığında hem girişimcilik kişiliği hem de girişimcilik eğiliminin anlamlıfarklılık gösterdiği görülmüştür. Bu durum bazı fakülte ve yüksekokullar incelendiğinde özellikle sanat ve tasarım fakültesinin ortalamasının diğer bölümlere göre yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Anne veya baba mesleğinin kişinin girişimcilik kişiliği veya girişimcilik eğilimine etki etmemesi dikkate değer bir diğer sonuçtur.

Introduction: Postoperative peritoneal adhesions formed after abdominal surgery still continue to exist as an unresolved health problem. Aim: The aim of the present study is to examine whether omega -3 fish oil has a preventive effect on postoperative peritoneal adhesions. Methods: Twenty-one female Wistar-Albino rats were separated into 3 groups (sham, control, and experimental group), each consisting of 7 rats. In sham group, only laparotomy was performed. Both in control and experimental group rats; the right parietal peritoneum and cecum were traumatized to form petechiae. Following this procedure, unlike the control group, the abdomen was irrigated with omega-3 fish oil in the experimental group. Rats were re-explored on the 14th postoperative day and adhesions were scored. Tissue samples and blood samples were taken for histopathological and biochemical analysis. Results: None of the omega-3 fish oil given rats developed macroscopically postoperative peritoneal adhesion (P=0.005). Omega-3 fish oil formed an anti-adhesive lipid barrier on injured tissue surfaces. Microscopic evaluation revealed diffuse inflammation with excessive connective tissue and fibroblastic activity in control group rats while foreign body reactions were common in omega-3 given rats. The mean amount of hydroxyproline in samples from injured tissues was significantly lower in omega-3 given rats than in control rats. (P=0.004). Conclusion: Intraperitoneal application of omega-3 fish oil prevents postoperative peritoneal adhesions by forming an anti-adhesive lipid barrier on injured tissue surfaces. However, further studies are needed to determine whether this adipose layer is permanent or will be resorbed over time.

Background. To assess the functional involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) via quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) analysis in children with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection who were otherwise previously healthy children. Methods. This prospective, case-control study was conducted between June and September 2020. Sleep EEG records of at least 40 min were planned for children who tested positive for COVID-19 using real-time PCR analysis and within 4–6 months post-recovery. All of the EEG analyses in this study were performed on an Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS Operating System with the developed software using Python 3.7.6. The quantitative analysis of the epileptic discharges within the EEG records was performed using random forest after elimination of the artifacts with a model training accuracy of 98% for each sample data point. The frequency analysis was performed using the Welch method. Results. Among the age and sex-matched groups, the global mean frequency was significantly lower among the COVID-19 patients, with a P-value of 0.004. The spike slow-wave and sharp slow-wave indices were significantly higher in the patients when compared to the controls. The mean frequency values were significantly lower in almost all of the electrodes recording the frontal, central, and occipital areas. For the temporal and parietal areas, those significantly low mean frequencies were limited to the right hemisphere. Conclusion. A near-global involvement of background activity with decreased frequency, in addition to epileptic discharges, was recorded in mild to moderately COVID-19 infected children post-infection.

Experimental studies on autonomous underwater vehicles for a torpedo-like geometry are limited in the literature. In this study, flow structures of a streamlined torpedo-like geometry having an elliptical nose and tampered stern at a length to diameter aspect ratio of L/D=5 for a single and double tandem arrangement with various spacings have been investigated using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) method in a closed loop water channel. Reynolds number defined for length of the geometry (L=200 mm), free stream water velocity of 100 mm/s was taken as Re=20000, the spacing (G) between two identical torpedo-like geometries is changed from 0 to 120 mm. Instantaneous 1000 images and their time-averaged results are comparatively presented for all configurations of the torpedo-like geometry. It is demonstrated that the tandem arrangements depending on the dimensionless spacing ratios (G/L) between 0 to 0.6 are significantly different from the single torpedo-like geometry for the flow patterns of instantaneous and time-averaged velocity field, dimensionless streamwise velocity component and streamline topology. For the contacting case in which the following model nose is placed on the trailing-edge of the front model, wake region of the back geometry is similar to the single model wake but the all of time-averaged flow patterns elongated and symmetrical flow patterns are slightly deformed. When flow area is provided between two models for spacing ratios of 0.15≤G/L≤0.30, chaotic and rotational flow patterns occur due to the impinging separated flow patterns from the front geometry to the nose of the downstream one. As the gap distance increases to the largest value at G/L=0.6, the wake region of both the single and tandem arrangement becomes almost identical. More detailed information for the flow characteristics of the examined torpedo-like geometry can be determined by using computational fluid dynamics after validation with PIV results in the present study.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between thiol-disulfide homoeostasis and hemogram parameters in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Total thiol(TT), Native thiol(NT), dynamic disulfide status(DDS), DDS/NT, DDS/TT, NT/TT ratio and CBC parameters were analyzed in 68 patients with positive COVID-19 and 31 healthy individuals. Results: TT, NT, DD, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were higher in the control group than in patient groups. TT, NT, DD and lymphocyte levels of COVID-19 patients treated in medical floor were higher than those treated in intensive care unit; WBC, neutrophil and NLR were low(P

Bu çalışmanın amacı, marka değerinin finansal performans üzerindeki etkisinde reklam harcamalarının aracı rolünü incelemektir. Çalışmanın örneklemini, Brand Finance tarafından 2013-2018 yılları arasında açıklanan Türkiye’nin en değerli ve en güçlü 100 markası içinde sürekli olarak yer alan ve aynı zamanda Borsa İstanbul 100 Endeksi’nde kesintisiz olarak işlem gören firmalar oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler, firmaların yıllık marka değerleri, finansal performansın göstergelerinden olan satıştaki değişim ve kârlılıktaki değişim tutarları ile reklam harcamalarıdır. Analizler AMOS.21 programı kullanılarak, yapısal eşitlik modeli ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, marka değerinin finansal performans değişkeninin göstergelerinden biri olan satışlardaki değişim üzerinde etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiş, ayrıca bunun üzerinde reklam harcamalarının aracılık etkisinin bulunduğu da belirlenmiştir. Ancak marka değerinin finansal performans göstergelerinden kârlılıktaki değişimi açıklamada anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Today, the honeybee parasite Varroa destructor is thought to be the most dangerous creature in the beekeeping industry worldwide. In this study, the efficacy of using drone brood cells (known to have no residue concerns in bee products and harmless on bee health) as traps against V. destructor was investigated. A total of 16 honeybee (Apis mellıfera) colonies with V. destructor infestation percentage of less than 5% were used for the trial. The treatment group consisted of 8 colonies that were randomly assigned to molded drone comb (comb with 5.4 mm hexagonal cells). The other 8 were assigned to unmolded comb to form the control group. In the trial groups, after 20 days (from 10th May), all drone combs with complete pupation were removed and destroyed on 30th May, 20th June, 10th July, 30th July, and 20th August. During the trial, varroa mite infestation rate (mean abundance), colony development, and varroa mite preference for drone and work bee brood cells were determined. The results showed that the application of drone brood cells as a control method was statistically significant against V. destructor, and did not negatively affect colony development. On the other hand, V.destructor's preference for both drone and worker bee brood cells among the groups was not statistically significant. In conclusion, drone brood cells ensured an approximately 43% success rate as traps against V. destructor compared to the control group. The effective application of drone brood cells as traps in combination with other Varroa mite control methods should be investigated.

With the globalizing trends, innovative approaches have stood out in the tourism sector. In line with these approaches, the number of entrepreneurships in tourism increases and a significant association is formed between tourism and entrepreneurship in terms of sustainability. Tourism activities, which have an important role in regional development, can make significant contributions to the economy of the region with the entrepreneurship activities carried out by the local people. This study sets forth the relationship between tourism and entrepreneurship in ensuring sustainable tourism development in the tourism destination of Amasya, which is rich in historical areas, cultural and natural features, based on small-scale enterprises. The study covers identification of key success factors affecting tourism entrepreneurship and testing of the relationship between the factors and performance via the SPSS program (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) by conducting a survey that measures subjective and objective perception with 78 small-scale tourism enterprises. As the result of the study, it has been concluded that environmental, organizational, enterprise-oriented and entrepreneur-oriented features should be discussed in a holistic manner in the development of sustainable tourism entrepreneurship.

Bu çalışmada, yüksek numune ret oranına sahip acil servisteki venöz numune alımında yapılan hataları yerinde tespit edip, gerekli düzelteci önleyici faaliyetleri planlamak amaçlandı. Prospektif tipteki bu çalışma için acil serviste çalışan kan alma personelleri Türk Biyokimya Derneği Venöz Kan Alma (Flebotomi) Kılavuzu’na göre 28 maddeden oluşan bir çizelge kapsamında kan alma işlemi (flebotomi) sırasında ikişer defa gözlendi. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 20.0 programı ile değerlendirildi. Flebotomi işlemlerinin %92.5’inde turnike kullanıldığı (%9.7’sinde turnike süresinin 2 dakikayı aştığı) ve işlemlerin %70.1’inde de hastanın elini yumruk yapmasının istendiği gözlendi. Kan alma işleminin %68.7’sinde enjektör kullanıldığı, enjektörle alınan numunelerin %46.7’sinde de enjektörün tüpe saplanarak kanın boşaltıldığı gözlemlendi. İşlemlerin %36.6’sında tüplerin dolum çizgisine uyulmadığı, %22.3’ünde tüplerin alt üst edilmediği ayrıca flebotomistlerin %37.3’ünün de kan alma sırasında tüp sırasına dikkat etmediği gözlendi. Yoğun iş yükü ve personel değişim sıklığı da göz önüne alındığında sürecin düzenli olarak takip edilmesi ve ihtiyaç duyulan eğitimlerin tekrarlanması gerekmektedir. Bu amaçla, hatalı süreçlerden oluşacak iş yükü, zaman ve maliyet kayıpları birim sorumlularına anlatılmalıdır. Ayrıca personellerin hizmet içi eğitiminin yerinde gözlemlenerek değerlendirilmesi yönünde prosedürler oluşturulmaktadır.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate serum Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) levels in Sars-CoV-2 virus infection (COVID-19) patients and to investigate whether PTX-3 predicts the disease prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 88 confirmed COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized due to symptomatic pneumonia between April 15 2020 and August 15 2020. The patients were divided into two groups as survived patients and non-survived patients. Both groups were compared according to demographic features, comorbid conditions and measurement of the PTX-3 and other laboratory parameters of the patients. RESULTS: Of 88 patients with COVID-19, 59 (67%) were discharged with complete cure and 29 (33%) resulted in death. 46 (52.3%) of the patients were men. PTX-3 median value [IQR] was 3.66 ng/mL (0.9-27.9) in all patients, 3.3 ng/mL (0.9-27.9) in survivors and 3.91 ng/mL (1.9-23.2) in non-survivors which was significantly higher (p= 0.045). As a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis the cut-off value of PTX-3 for predicting mortality in patients was 3.73 with 65% sensitivity and 65% specificity (AUC: 0.646, 95% CI: 0.525-0.767, P= 0.045). Also, we found significant cut-off values with respect to D-Dimer, D-Dimer/ PTX-3, high-sensitivity troponin, high-sensitivity troponin/ PTX-3, lymphocyte, PTX-3/ lymphocyte, procalcitonin, procalcitonin/ PTX-3, CRP, and CRP/ PTX-3 (P

Nüfus artışına bağlı olarak artan enerji gereksinimi küresel olarak ülkelerin yeni kaynak aramalarına neden olmuştur. Fosil yakıtlı enerji tüketimiyle ortaya çıkan çevre kirliliği ve fosil kaynaklı enerji üretim arzının her geçen yıl azalması yenilenebilir enerjiye yönelimi hızlandırmıştır. Bu bağlamda rüzgar ve güneş gibi temiz enerji kaynakları enerjinin sağlanmasında doğal kaynaklar olarak tercih edilmektedir. Bulunduğu coğrafi konumu ile Türkiye rüzgar ve güneş kaynaklı enerji bakımından dünyada önde gelen ülkelerden birisidir. Ancak bu potansiyelin kullanımı konusunda adımlar atılmasına rağmen mevcut potansiyelin tam kapasite ile değerlendirildiği söylenememektedir. Bu çalışma İstatistiki Bölge Birimleri Sınıflandırması (İBBS) kapsamında Düzey 2 bölgesinde yer alan Samsun, Çorum, Tokat ve Amasya illerini içeren TR83 bölgesini kapsamaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından olan Rüzgar Enerji Santrallerine (RES) yönelik sürdürülebilir bir çevrenin sağlanmasında mekânsal yer seçim göstergelerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu kapsamda literatürde yer alan mekâna yönelik çalışmalar incelenerek rüzgar hızı, yerleşim alanlarından uzaklık, arazi kullanımı, eğim, kuş göç yolları, göl ve su kütlelerine uzaklık, kıyı kenar çizgisine uzaklık, mania alanları, trafo merkezlerine uzaklık kriterleri doğrultusunda TR83 bölgesinde RES kurulabilir alanlar Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri kullanılarak kriterlere uygun sayısal veriler ışığında haritalandırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda mevcutta yer alan RES’lerin genel olarak kriterlere uygun bir şekilde yer seçimi yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Çevre düzeni planlarında ise enerji konusuna yüzeysel değinilmiş olup istatistiki göstergeler ve enerjiye yönelik projeksiyon hesapları yapılmamıştır. Yapılacak olan çalışmalarda yer seçiminde önemli olan kriterlerin; planlama sürecinde analiz edilmesi, planlarda gösterim tekniği ve yasal-yönetsel çerçeve açısından 3194 sayılı imar kanunu ile uyumun sağlanması gerekliliği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.

While an association between acrylamide (AC) exposure and the risk of developing cancer has been shown in some studies, there are very limited data on the relationship between AC exposure and lung cancer risk. Thus, we investigated the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects of AC on human lung bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B cells). AC (5 and 10 mM) significantly decreased the cell viability for all treatment times. The comet assay results showed that AC (0.5, 1 and 5 mM) increased the DNA tail (%), tail moment and olive tail moment. By using immunofluorescence, we found that AC (0.5, 1 and 5 mM) induced the formation of both phosphorylated form of the histone H2 variant H2AX (gH2AX) and p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) foci. AC-treated BEAS-2B cells exhibited various morphological and cytoplasmic changes. The transformed cells can induce form foci and significantly increase the number of colonies in soft agar. We showed for the first time that AC could induce DNA strand breaks, cell transformation, and anchorage-independent growth in BEAS-2B cells. Therefore, AC exposure can induce carcinogenesis in lung cells and may be a risk for lung cancer formation. Further studies are necessary to make a possible risk assessment in humans.

Background Some biomarkers have been reported to be related to the prognosis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are sparse data regarding the prognostic value of serum calprotectin in COVID-19 patients. Aims This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum calprotectin level and clinical severity of COVID-19 disease in hospitalized patients. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional cohort study included 80 consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The study population was divided into two groups as patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) and patients hospitalized but not in the ICU. The serum calprotectin levels, other laboratory, and clinical parameters were compared between groups. Results The mean age of the patients was 66.5 ± 15.7 years. Of the patients, 42 were in the ICU and 38 were not. Serum calprotectin level and acute-phase reactants such as C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, fibrinogen, and white blood cell were significantly higher in ICU patients than in non-ICU patients. ROC curve analysis identified that serum calprotectin level was a predictor for ICU requirement with an area under the curve of 0.641 (p = 0.031). Logistic regression analysis revealed that serum calprotectin was a significant determinant for whether or not patient required the ICU. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that serum calprotectin level seems to be a useful biomarker that can predict the severity of COVID-19 disease. Serum calprotectin is a significant predictor of ICU requirement in patients with COVID-19.

In a previous study, 3-amino-4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2,5-thiadiazole 1,1-dioxide (DPTD), which is five-membered cyclosulfamide, was synthesized and structurally characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of DPTD on cultured human lymphocytes in the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system (S9 mix). The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of DPTD in human peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined in vitro by using chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests. Mitomycin-C (MMC) for cultures without S9 mix and cyclophosphamide monohydrate (CP) for cultures with S9 mix were used as positive controls. The cultures were treated with DPTD (45, 90, and 180??g/mL) in the absence and presence of S9 mix. The cells were also co-treated with DPTD together with MMC or CP. DPTD showed cytotoxic activity due to decreases in mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI) in the absence and presence of S9 mix. DPTD also increased the CAs, aberrant cells with CAs and MN values in cultures with and without S9 mix. When DPTD and MMC or CP were used together, lower MI and NDI values and higher CA and MN values were found than those DPTD treated alone. Both DPTD and its metabolites have cytotoxic, cytostatic and genotoxic potential on human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures under the experimental conditions. Furthermore, co-treatment of DPTD and MMC or CP can cause more cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Our results indicated that the use of DPTD with other chemotherapeutic drugs may display more effective results.

In this experimental study, flow structure over a three bladed vertical axis Darrieus turbine is investigated experimentally for Reynold Number, Re=9000 in an open channel. Rigidity ratio (σ), angle of attack, optimum values of blade chord length (CL), turbine radius (R) and height of turbine blades (H) are used as approximately 1.1 and α=-2°, CL=5 cm, R=13.75 cm and H=20 cm, respectively. According to the values, ¼ scale model of a vertical axis Darrieus turbine has been used in order to perform experimental flow analysis. In experimental flow analysis, two different azimuth angles, θ=270° and θ=240° are used to examine the flow characteristics in the Particle İmage Velocimetry (PIV) experiments. As a result of the experiments, time averaged velocity vectors , averaged streamlines , and averaged vortex fields , are obtained and interpreted time averaged velocity vectors , averaged streamlines , and averaged vortex fields , changes with the turbine blade positions. As a result, it is seen that turbine azimuthal angle affetcs the flow structure and streamline focal points, positive and negative vortex are formed in the flow region behind the turbine. Only one focal point at θ=240° is occurred while two focal points and one stagnation point are occurred at the angle of θ=270°.

Bal Arısı(Apis mellifera L.) yetiştiriciliğinde temel kural kaliteli ana arılar ile çalışmaktır. Bal arısı kolonileri, her biri tek bir kraliçe arı tarafından yönetilen sosyal bir topluluktur. Kraliçe arı normal şartlar altında kolonide yumurta üreten tek dişidir ve koloninin devamlılığı için kaliteli ve sağlıklı kraliçe önem arz etmektedir. Ana arıda kaliteyi, damızlık koloni, transfer edilen larva yaşı, transfer ortamı, mevsim, yüksük çıkış ağırlığı, sperm deposu büyüklüğü, başlatıcı ve bitirici koloninin özellikleri gibi birçok çeşitli faktör etkilemektedir. Bu makalede, kaliteli bir ana arı yetiştirmede dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar üzerinde durulmuştur. The basic rule in honeybee (Apis melliferaL.) rearing is to work with qualified queens. Quality queen means strong and healthy colonies. Honey bee colonies are a social community, each managed by a single queen bee. The queen bee is the only female that produces eggs in the colony under normal conditions, and the quality and healthy queen is important for the continuity of the colony. Many factors affect the quality of the queen bee, such as the rearing colony, the age of thetransferred larva and the transfer medium, the season, cell emergence weight, spermathecacharged,the characteristics of the starter and finisher hives. In this paper, the issues to be considered in raising a quality queen are emphasized.

This paper provided a brief account of the need of in ovo feeding technology for efficient incubation and hatching as driven by the current and projected poultry production figures. After substantial laboratory experiments in the early 1980s, in ovo vaccination technology became applicable in the commercial broiler hatcheries. The scientific theories that enabled the use of in ovo vaccination facilitated the process of injecting the various nutrient composition into broiler eggs/embryo (in ovo feeding) considering the injection site and the stage of embryonic development. Some studies of in ovo feeding have found scientifically positive effects on incubation properties but they remain insufficient at the commercial level thus, the adoption of the application is very slow compared to other embryo management techniques. Therefore, continuous studies on the best nutrient compositions, combinations, and concentrations are required for the commercial use of in ovo feeding technology.

Bu arastirma ailelerin; konut ve cevresine iliskin ozelliklerden duyduklari memnuniyet duzeyinin belirlenmesi, konut ve cevresine iliskin memnuniyetlerine etki eden faktorlerin incelenmesi ve gelecekte planlanacak konutlara iliskin memnuniyetin arttirilmasi icin ilgili kurum ve kuruluslara gecerli onerilerde bulunmak amaciyla planlanmis ve yurutulmustur. Arastirmanin evrenini Ankara ili, Cankaya ilcesi, Yasamkent mahallesinde ikamet eden aileler olusturmaktadir. Arastirmanin orneklemi ise calismaya katilmayi gonullu olarak kabul eden ve tabakali orneklem yontemi ile secilen 420 bireyden olusmaktadir. Arastirmada veri toplama araci olarak anket formu kullanilmistir. Hazirlanan anket formunda ilk bolum katilimcilarin kisisel bilgilerinden, ikinci bolum katilimcilarin mevcut konutlarinin ozelliklerinden, ucuncu bolum ise, konut ve cevresine iliskin ozelliklere duyulan memnuniyeti olcmek icin arastirmaci tarafindan gelistirilen Konut ve Cevresel Kalite Memnuniyet Olcegi’nden olusmaktadir. Olcegin guvenilirlik katsayisi 0,953 olarak elde edilmistir. Olcegi olusturan uc alt boyutun faktor yukleri incelendiginde; “Fiziksel Memnuniyet” alt boyutunda en onemli degiskenin 0,85 faktor yukuyle “Mutfagin buyuklugu (m2)” oldugu bulunmustur. Bu alt boyutta katilimcilarin yaklasik %41,9’ u mevcut konutlarindaki girisin (holun) kullanisli olmasindan memnun olduklarini belirtmislerdir. “Erisilebilirlik Memnuniyeti” alt boyutunda en onemli degisken 0,91 faktor yukuyle “Saglik olanaklarina yakinlik durumu” olarak belirlenmistir. Bu alt boyutta katilimcilarin %33,6’ si yasadiklari konutun kent merkezine yakinlik durumundan memnun olduklarini ifade etmistir. “Cevresel Memnuniyet” alt boyutunda en onemli degisken 0,91 faktor yukuyle “Yangin yonetmeligine uygunluk” olarak belirlenmistir. Bu alt boyutta trafik kazalarina karsi alinan onlemlerden katilimcilarin %35,7’ si memnun olduklarini ifade etmistir. Katilimcilarin konut ve cevresine iliskin memnuniyet duzeyleri bazi sosyoekonomik ve demografik degiskenlere gore incelendiginde; bireylerin cinsiyeti, yas gruplari ve konut sahibi olma durumlari ile fiziksel, cevresel ve erisilebilirlige iliskin memnuniyet duzeyleri arasinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli farklilik saptanmamistir (p>0,05). Gelir grubuna gore erisilebilirlik ve cevresel memnuniyetteki farklilik istatistiksel olarak anlamli degilken (p>0,05) fiziksel memnuniyetteki farklilik istatistiksel olarak anlamli bulunmustur (p< 0,05). Cocuk sahibi olma durumuna gore, erisilebilirlik memnuniyet duzeyine iliskin farklilik istatistiksel olarak anlamli bulunurken (p< 0,05), fiziksel ve cevresel memnuniyet duzeyi ile cocuk sahibi olma arasindaki farkin istatistiksel olarak anlamli olmadigi saptanmistir (p> 0,05). Katilimcilarin mevcut konutlarinin buyuklugune gore ise fiziksel, cevresel ve erisilebilirlik memnuniyeti arasindaki ortalama farklilik istatistiksel olarak anlamli bulunmustur (p< 0,05). Fiziksel memnuniyet ile cevresel memnuniyet arasinda ayni yonlu %57,5’lik (istatistiksel olarak) onemli iliskiye rastlanmis, fiziksel memnuniyetteki toplam degisimin %45,0’inin cevresel memnuniyet ve erisilebilirlik memnuniyeti ile aciklanabildigi belirlenmistir.

Objective: The study was investigate serum zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) concentrations in relation to hormone levels and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Materials and Methods: Fourty women between 18-40 years of age diagnosed with PCOS. We also seleceted 40 healty volunteers as the control group. Serum Zn, Cr, Mn, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), insulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C) and Low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) concentrations were determined. Results: Insulin, glucose, triglyceride, DHEA-S levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group, while FSH and Mn levels were significantly lower in the HOMA-IR group than in the control group (p< 0.05). Conclusions: A possible association is perceptible in our study between some of serum trace elements and women with PCOS. The association attains a connotative level with the involvement of IR in it. Additional studies evaluating the effects of these elements supplementation would be required to confirm the hypothesis as well as to ascertain whether insulin resistance in the presence of manganese deficiency can directly lead to oxidative stress.

Çin'de başlayan ve pek çok ülkeyeyayılan Covid-19, ‘Koronavirüs Pandemisi’ olarak dünya çapında bütün insanlığıtehdit eden bir salgın hastalık haline gelmiştir. Virüsün insandan insana hızlıcabulaşması ve yüksek ölüm oranına sahip olması, standart terapi protokolleriningeliştirilmesi ve onaylanması için acil bir ihtiyaç ortaya çıkarmıştır. Etkilitedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilebilmesi için; virüsün yapısal özellikleri,biyolojisi ve konak hücredeki enfeksiyon mekanizmaları tam olarak bilinmelidir. Şimdiye kadar, Kovid-19'un tam bir etkili tedavisi bilinmemekle birlikte,olası antiviral ilaçların klinik deneme ve değerlendirmeleri devam etmektedir. Tıbbi bitkiler glikozitler, saponinler,flavonoidler, proantosiyanidinler, terpenoidler, fenil propanoidler, tanenler,reçineler, lignanlar, sülfitler, polifenolikler, kumarinler, furil bileşikleri,alkaloidler ve uçucu yağlar olmak üzere çok çeşitli aktif fitokimyasalbileşikler ihtiva ettiklerinden dolayı pek çok hastalıkta olduğu gibi viralkaynaklı hastalıklarda da konakçının bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirerekantiviral etki göstermektedir. Yaygın olarak kullanılan bazı yenilebilir yabanibitkilerin, baharatların ve bitkisel çayların çeşitli virüslere karşı güçlü antiviralaktivite gösterdikleri dahası, bunlardan bazılarının farklı tür koronavirüskaynaklı hastalıklarda da kullanılma potansiyelinde olan fito-antiviral ajanlaroldukları önceki çalışmalarda ortaya konulmuştur. Bu derlemede ise; bağışıklıksistemini güçlendirici, hastalıklara karşı koruyucu ve tedavi edici olarakTürkiye’de geleneksel kullanıma sahip olan laden türleri (Cistus spp.), bazı kekik türleri (Origanum, Thymus ve Thymbra),meyan kökü (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) vezeytin yaprağı (Olea europea L.)bitki türleri ve bunlardan elde edilecek biyoaktif bileşiklerin koronavirüsenfeksiyonları ile mücadelede bitkisel kaynaklı doğal terapötikler olarakkullanılma potansiyelleri güncel literatür bilgileri ışığında sunulmuştur., Covid-19, emerging in China andspreading to many countries, has become an epidemic disease that threatens allhumanity worldwide as 'Coronavirus Pandemic'. Therapid transmission of the virus from person to person and its high mortalityrate create an urgent need for development and validation of standard therapyprotocols. In order to develop efficient treatment strategies, the structuralfeatures, biology of the virus and the mechanisms of infection in the host cellmust be fully known. So far, the exact effective treatment of Covid-19 has notbeen revealed, but clinical trials and evaluations of possible antiviral drugsare ongoing.Since medicinal plants have a widevariety of bioactive phytochemical compounds such as glycosides, saponins,flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, tannins, resins,lignanes, sulfides, polyphenolics, coumarins, furyl compounds, alkaloids andessential oils, they exhibit antiviral effects by strengthening the immunesystem of the host in diseases of viral origin, as well as they are useful formany diseases. Previous scientific studies showed that commonly used wildedible plants, spices and herbal teas possess strong antiviral activitiesagainst various viruses; moreover, some of them have also been proven to beused for different types of coronavirus-origine diseases as potentialphyto-antiviral agents. In this review, having traditionalmedicinal uses in Turkey, some medicinal plants like cistus species (Cistus spp.), some kekik species (Origanum, Thymus and Thymbra), liquorice root (Glycyrrhizaglabra L.), olive leaf (Olea europeaL.) and their bioactive compounds, which are immune enhancer, preventive andtherapeutic against diseases as potential natural therapeutics for combattingcoronavirus infections have been presented in the light of currents scientificliterature.

This review article discussed the effects of various production systems on the welfare of laying hens. The global egg production capacity has been increasing with the evolving production systems which are driven by the consumer preferences. In developed countries, the egg industry has shifted from focusing on quantity and quality of eggs to asking questions of how these eggs are produced. Animal welfare issues emphasized by consumers in these countries led to the banning of conventional cages as seen by European Union in 2012. Such legal measures have uplifted research in various alternative production systems which are thought to be animal friendly. Countries that have adjusted to alternative systems such as free range are registering an increase in the number of free range eggs which is a positive sign for an industry that is willing to adapt and move forward. However, in developing countries, conventional cages are still being used because they are fundamental to the quantity of egg production which is a success indicator of the egg industry. In addition, lack of awareness within the consumers and local producers that birds are sentient has not helped the poultry industry in such countries. However, the alternative production systems have also not fulfilled all the behavioural needs of the animals and, hen welfare issues such as keel and bone damage are common in enriched and perched systems. Also, the high prevalence of diseases and parasites are observed with significant levels in litter floor and outdoor systems an issue attributable to the direct contact between birds and soil or faces. Due to the continuing welfare issues in all laying hen production systems, it is suggested that in addition to genetic selection for traits like bone strength, reduced feather pecking, research should combine both the modification of equipment‘s or materials used in each production system and environmental factors such as illumination and temperature as an alternative to improve hen welfare.

Amaç: Tıbbi Biyokimya lisans dersi ile ilişkili mevcut eksikliklerin tespit edilmesi, yeni eğitim stratejilerin geliştirilmesi ve lisansüstü tıbbi biyokimya eğitimine olan yönelimin artırılması amacıyla bu çalışmayı planladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada 279 (Dönem-I (D-I)’den 106, Dönem-II(D-II)’den 99 ve Dönem-III(D-III)’ten 74) tıp fakültesi öğrencisine yüz yüze soru sorma tekniği kullanılarak anket uygulanmıştır. Anket soruları "Mezuniyet Öncesi Tıbbi Biyokimya Eğitimine İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği" ne ait 20 ve sosyodemografik özellikleri sorgulayan 11 olmak üzere toplam 31 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin 9 maddesi önem, 7 maddesi ilgi ve 4 maddesi ise memnuniyet alt boyutunu sorgulamaktadır. Bulgular: D-I, D-II ve D-III öğrencilerinin anket puan ortalamaları sırasıyla 63.52±12.56, 58.11±13.62, 69.09±11.00 bulundu. Toplam ve alt boyut puanları dönemlere göre karşılaştırıldığında D-I ve D-II arasında önem, ilgi ve toplam puanda; D-I ve D-III arasında önem puanında; D-II ve D-III arasında ise önem, ilgi, memnuniyet ve toplam puanda anlamlı fark saptandı(p

AIMS Sepsis causes life-threatening tissue and organ dysfunctions caused by endogenous mediators in response to infection. Melatonin is a powerful endogenous anti-inflammatory agent and effective in reducing cellular damage. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in serum and liver tissue levels of VEGF, TGF-β and MMP-2 in melatonin-treated septic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one Wistar-albino male rats were included in this study. Rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 is sham-operated control (C) group, Group 2 is caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group and Group 3 is melatonin-treated (10 mg/kg) (M-CLP) group. Serum and tissue samples were analysed. All procedures were carried out according to the ethical rules specified in Helsinki Declaration. RESULTS Sera MMP-2 levels were found higher than tissue MMP-2 levels in C and CLP (respectively, P = .048, P = .01). In CLP and M-CLP, serum TGF-β levels were higher than tissue TGF-β levels(respectively, P = .05, P = .01). Serum VEGF levels in CLP were found to be significantly higher than both C and M-CLP(P

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the composition of the essential oil from leaves and flowers of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.) cultivated in Menemen-İzmir/Turkey and determine the effect of morphological and diurnal variability on the composition of essential oil. The essential oils from leaves and flowers lemon verbena were isolated by hydrodistillation with clevenger type apparatus. The chemical compounds of essential oil were identified by using a gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems. The yields of essential oils in leaves was found to be highest and lowest value in the lower part of leaves, with 1.64% at 4:00 pm and 0.78% at 10:00 am. Essential oil yield in flowers was varied 1.17% at 4:00 pm to 0.86% at 10:00 am in the day time. Main components of the all essential oils were found as limonene, neral and geranial. The ratio of those components were changed according to day time and the part of plant. The minimum and maximum ratio of limonene, neral and geranial were obtained between 12.2-22.6%, 15.6-23.6%, 22.7-35.8% in the leaves and 16.3-28.5%, 20.2-16.2%, 30.3-23.8% in the flowers respectively.

Günümüz itibarıyla uygarlık düzeyi, kentleşme ile beraber ölçülür bir düzeye gelmiştir. Bugün tüm dünyadaki 8 milyara yakın nüfusun yaklaşık 6 milyarı kentlerde yaşamaktadır. Bugün, dünyadaki 8 milyara yakın nüfusun yaklaşık 6 milyarı kentlerde yaşamakta ve nüfusu 1 milyon kişiyi geçen 500 adetten fazla kent bulunmaktadır. Yirminci yüzyıl sonlarında artan çevresel kirlilik, yok olan doğal ortamlar, küresel iklim değişiklikleri gibi faktörlerden dolayı, sürdürülebilir bir gelişmenin gerekliliği ortaya koyularak bunun da çıkış noktasının kentler olduğu kabul edilmiştir. Sağlıklı kent kavramı da, bu dönemde ortaya çıkan bir kavramdır. Bu bağlamda Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) 1987 yılında Sağlıklı Şehirler Projesini başlatmıştır. Her yıl dünya çapında çok sayıda şehir bu proje kapsamında sağlıklı şehirler ulusal ve uluslararası ağlarına üye olmaktadırlar. Kuşkusuz bir kenti oluşturan en önemli öge demografik ögedir. Herhangi bir kentin tüm ekonomik, sosyal ve fiziki şartları nüfus gelişimine göre değişmektedir. Tüm bu konulara kentte yaşayan toplumun sağlığı da dahildir. Bu makalenin konusu sağlıklı bir kent olabilmek için nüfus kriterinin önemini ve nüfus büyüklüğünün sağlıklı kent oluşumundaki etkilerini tartışmaktır. Bu makale kapsamındaki temel yöntem ise; kentsel gelişme, nüfus ve sağlıklı kent kavramları üzerinde literatürü aktarabilmek, bu konularla ilgili olarak güncel rakamları ve mevcut durumu ortaya koyabilmek, bu sayede kentsel nüfusun kent sağlığı için önemini ortaya koyarak dünya üzerindeki rolünü ve gidişatını anlamak, ayrıca bazı standartları genelleştirerek nüfus kriterinin sağlıklı kent olma yolundaki önemini tartışmaya açabilmektir.

Bu çalışmada, yarı ekstansif koşullarda yetiştirilen Akkaraman koyunlarının bazı döl verim özellikleri ile kuzuların büyüme performansları araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın hayvan materyalini, Niğde merkez ilçesine bağlı 34 işletmede bulunan 300 baş koç, 6000 baş Akkaraman koyunu ile onların kuzuları oluşturmuştur. Araştırma 2012-2016 yılları arasında 5 yıl sürdürülmüş ve çalışma süresince 30162 baş kuzu doğum ağırlığı, 29517 baş kuzunun 90. gün canlı ağırlığı ve 30000 baş Akkaraman koyununun bazı döl verim parametreleri saptanmıştır. Akkaraman koyunlarında doğum oranı ortalama %90,1, ikiz doğum oranı %20,8, bir doğuma düşen kuzu sayısı 1,12 olarak saptanmıştır. Akkaraman ırkı kuzuların doğum ağırlığının ortalaması 4,23 kg ve 90. gün canlı ağırlık ortalaması da 23,05 kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Kuzuların doğum ağırlıkları ve 90. gün canlı ağırlıkları üzerine yıl, doğum tipi ve cinsiyetin etkisi önemli bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, halk elinde yarı ekstansif koşullarda yetiştirilen Akkaraman ırkı koyunların döl verimi ve kuzuların büyüme özelliklerinin iyileştirilebileceği ve bunun gibi ıslah projelerinin uygulanması ile koyunculuk işletmelerin ekonomik durumlarının iyileştirilebileceği kanaatine varılmıştır.

The cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 have led to a significant improvement in the treatment of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. However, the therapeutic potential of abemaciclib in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has not been definitively elucidated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate abemaciclib mediated antiproliferative effects on MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC and MCF-10A cell line through annexin V, cell cycle, caspase-3, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, acridine orange, and DAPI staining, for the first time. In addition, the autophagy-related cell death was assessed by autophagy-LC3 assay and acidic vesicular organelles staining. Our findings demonstrated that abemaciclib treatment resulted in significant apoptotic cell death in TNBC cells via G0/G1 arrest, chromatin condensation, the upregulation of caspase-3 and Bax levels, and the downregulation of Bcl-2. However, the formation of a large number of cytoplasmic vacuoles was not associated with autophagy. Therefore, abemaciclib treatment could be an effective treatment for TNBC. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of abemaciclib-induced apoptotic as well as atypical cell death derived from lysosomes in TNBC.

Acrolein (AC), a highly reactive hazardous pollutant, poses serious threats to human health. Whey protein (WP) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have beneficial health implications. We investigated the protective effects of WP and CLA against AC-induced toxicity in rats. The animals were orally gavaged with CLA (200 mg/kg/day), WP (200 mg/kg/day), AC (5 mg/kg/day), CLA + AC (200 + 5 mg/kg/day), and WP + AC (200 + 5 mg/kg/day) six days per week for 30 days. The oral administration of AC significantly induced oxidative stress by increasing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (PCOs) levels and decreasing glutathione (GSH) level in the spleen, thymus, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). It also increased the frequencies of micronucleus (MN) and megakaryocytic emperipolesis (ME) and decreased the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) in bone marrow. Slight alterations in urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were not significant. Co-treatment with CLA + AC or WP + AC ameliorated the values of oxidative stress, MN, PCE, and ME. These data suggest that CLA and WP can improve the antioxidant defenses and preclude the formation of genetic damage and ME.

Background Urine amino acid analysis is used for the assessment of various diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the valid biological variation (BV) components (within- and between-subjects) required for the safe clinical application of free urine amino acids. Methods First morning void urine samples were taken from 12 healthy subjects (five females, seven males) once a week for 10 consecutive weeks, and amino acid analysis was performed using an Agilent 6470 triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer instrument. The obtained data were subjected to normality, outlier and variance homogeneity analyses prior to coefficient of variation (CV) analysis. Within- and between-subject BV values (CVI and CVG) of 39 amino acids were determined for all subjects. In addition, the index of individuality (II), reference change value (RCV), imprecision, bias and total error were estimated using BV data obtained from our study. Results The CVI values ranged from 8.9 (histidine) to 36.8% (trans-4-hydroxyprolin), while the CVG values ranged from 25.0 (1-methyl-L-histidine) to 63.3% (phenylalanine). The II value of most amino acids was less than 0.6 and ranged between 0.21 and 0.88. The imprecision, bias and total error ranged between 4.45 and 16.6, between 7.69 and 16.6, and between 18.4 and 43.2, respectively. Conclusions This study, designed according to a rigorous protocol, has the feature of being the first to give information about BV data of urine amino acids. We believe that the reference intervals have a limitation in the evaluation of consecutive results from an individual, so the use of RCV would be more appropriate.

Studies reported that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5Is) positively contributed to bone-mineral-density and thickness in rats with ovariectomy, which have the same condition with postmenapozal period. To explain the positive contribution mechanism on bone mineral density of PDE-5Is, we investigated the effect of zaprinast and avanafil on levels of some pro -or anti-resorptive cytokines in ovariectomized-rats. Albino female rats (8 months and 250-350 g) were used and four groups of equal-number were randomly assigned (n=6). Groups; was the sahm operated, positive control (OVX), Zaprinast and OVX, Avanafil and OVX groups, respectively. The levels of Estrogen, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA kits, in liver of rats. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels were high in groups with OVX compared to sham group, while IL-10 levels were low. Also, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels were low in zaprinast and especially avanafil-treated groups with OVX and were similar to the sahm group values (p=0.001 for IL-1β, p=0.045 for IL-6, p=0.008 for IL-8, p=0.006 for IL-10, p=0.026 for TNF-α). Zaprinast and especially avanafil inhibited IL-1β, 8 and TNF-α and increased the IL-10 levels compared to the OVX group. This may support opinion that PDE-5Is enhance bone mineralization by inhibiting proresorptive cytokines.

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between diabetes (DM) and nitrite, nitrate and MDA levels and effect of melatonin and pentoxifylline. Methods: Sixty mice were randomly divided into four groups. Control: no action; Diabetes group (DM): after fasting-blood-glucose (FBG) was measured, 150 mg/kg alloxane was applied intraperitoneally three-times every other day; Diabetes + Melatonin (DM + MLT) and Diabetes + Pentoxifylline groups (DM + PTX): following the same procedures with DM, 10 mg/kg melatonin and 50 mg/kg pentoxifylline were administered subcutaneously six days, respectively. Following FBG analysis, brain tissues were taken under the anaesthesia. Nitrite, nitrate and MDA levels were measured. Results: In the all groups with alloxane, FBG were higher than in before application (p

Bu araştırma Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi araştırma çiftliğinde 3 katlı bir kafes sisteminde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her kafes bölmesinde 6 tavuk yerleştirilmiş ve her katta 5 tekerrür oluşturulmuştur. 24-42. haftalar arasında toplam 90 Atak-S tavuğundan 9:00 - 13:00 ve 16:00 saatlerinde mevcut yumurtalar toplanmıştır. Deneme süresince 90 tavuktan toplam 1442 yumurta elde edilmiştir. Kafes pozisyonu ile yumurtlama zamanı arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi için uyum analizi uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS paket programı kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre farklı katlardaki tavukların farklı saatlerde yumurtlamaları istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Uyum analizi sonuçlarına göre değişkenliğin tek boyuttaki açıklama gücü %99,7 olup ikinci boyuttaki açıklama gücünün %0,3 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Birinci boyuttaki kafes katları bakımından değişkenlik incelendiğinde birinci katın açıklama gücünün %65,4 olduğu ikinci boyutta ise ikinci (%56,9) ve üçüncü katın (%41,8) açıklama gücünün daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Birinci boyuttaki yumurta toplama saatleri bakımından değişkenlik incelendiğinde saat 13:00’da toplama için açıklama gücünün %52,8 olduğu ikinci boyutta ise saat 16:00’daki toplama için açıklama gücünün %79,6 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak birinci kattaki tavukların genellikle saat 9:00 sıralarında, 2. ve 3. kattaki tavukların ise 13:00 ile 16:00 saatleri arasında yumurtladığı belirlenmiştir. Yumurtaların ortam sıcaklığına göre değişiklik göstermekle birlikte üreticiler tarafından genellikle sabah saatlerinde toplandığı bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle yumurta toplama sıklığının hem ekonomik olarak hem de tüketici sağlığı açısından yeniden düzenlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. The research was carried out in a 3-floor cage system in the research farm of Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University. 6 chickens were placed in each cage compartment and 5 repetitions were created on each floor. Existing eggs were collected at 9:00 - 13:00 and 16:00 from a total of 90 Atak-S chickens between 24-42 weeks. A total of 1442 eggs were obtained from 90 chickens. To determine the relationship between cage position and laying time, correspondence analysis was applied. SPSS package program was used to analyze the data. According to the results, it was found statistically significant that chickens on different floors lay eggs at different times. According to the results of the correspondence analysis, the first dimension explanation power was 99.7% and the explanation power in the second dimension was 0.3%. When the inertia in terms of lattice layers in the first dimension was examined, it was determined that the explanation power of the first floor was 65.4%, and in the second dimension, the explanation power of the second (56.9%) and third floor (41.8%) was higher. When the variability in terms of egg collection hours in the first dimension was examined, it was determined that the explanatory power for egg collection at 13:00 was 52.8%, and in the second dimension, it was 79.6% for the egg collection at 16:00. As a result, it was determined that the chickens on the first floor lay eggs between 9:00 am and the chickens on the 2nd and 3rd floor between 13:00 and 16:00. Although the eggs vary depending on the ambient temperature, it is known that they are usually collected in the morning hours by the producers. Therefore, it is important to rearrange the frequency of egg collection both economically and in terms of consumer health.

Objective: This study investigated effect of zaprinast and avanafil on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenic protein (BMP) 4 and 7, and vitamin D-3 levels against the negative effect of dexamethazone. Method: Rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6). Control: Empty a syringe was immersed and removed subcutaneously. Dexamethasone (DEX): 120 mu g/kg DEX was injected subcutaneously once a day for 28 days. DEX + zaprinast and DEX + avanafil groups: 10 mg/kg zaprinast and avanafil were administrated to rats in addition to the same procedure in the DEX, respectively. VitaminD(3), VEGF, BMP4 and 7 levels by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and angiogenesis by histopathological/immunohistochemical were evaluated. Results: BMP4 values in the DEX were lower than the other groups (p < .05). DEX + zaprinast and DEX + avanafil exhibited an increase in all the parameters compared to the control and DEX (p < .05). However, these were not significant for the DEX + zaprinast (p > .05). Also, there was a significant increase in angiogenesis in the DEX + zaprinast and DEX + avanafil. Conclusion: Zaprinast and significantly avanafil induced vitamin D-3, BMP4 and 7 levels by increasing angiogenesis in renal.

The Ocean is a continuous body of saltwater that covers more than 70 percent of the Earth's surface. Despite the fact that oceanic habitats exhibit chemical and physical properties that make certain ocean zones suitable or unsuitable places for different species to live, the chemical (salinity and dissolved gases) and physical (temperature, density, buoyancy, waves, tides, and currents) properties of ocean water are delicately intermingled which produce one of the most self-sustaining life support systems on earth. This unique characteristic has made the marine environment an untapped source of bioactive natural products with unique structural and chemical features. Although many marine-derived compounds have been explored for their potential in pharmaceutical industry and some of which are already on the market, these molecules are still underexplored for natural cosmetics when compared to plant-derived compounds. However, recently many cosmetic firms have turned their attention to the sea to obtain several kinds of marine-derived compounds for cosmetic ingredients such as moisturizer, anti-ageing, photoprotection and skin whitening agents. With more research on the small molecules, biopolymers and enzymes from the marine environment, it is expected that the era of “blue cosmetics” will be dominating this sector very soon.

This study was conducted with the objectives to determine the effects of licorice root powder (Glycyrrhriza glabra) on performance, serum parameters, egg yolk cholesterol and antioxidant capacity in laying Japanese quail. Two hundred and forty 10-wk-old Japanese quails were randomly assigned to four dietary groups, each one four times replicated with fifteen quails per dietary groups. Control group fed the basal diet; other groups were fed basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% licorice root powder. There were no significant differences in terms of final live weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) concentration between treatment groups. Egg production was higher in control group and 0.5% licorice root powder supplemented groups. 1.0% licorice root powder supplemented group had lower egg production rate. Licorice root powder supplementation decreased Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) concentration and increased glucose concentration significantly. Licorice root powder supplementation increased total antioxidant status (TAS) and reduced total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI). It was concluded from this study that supplementation of licorice root powder at the level of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% to the feed of laying quails had no adverse effects on performance. Licorice root powder supplementation can be used to reduce cholesterol level and increase antioxidant status in quails.

Ofloxacin (OFX), a second-generation of quinolones, is a broad-spectrum flouroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. In this article, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials of OFX in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of OFX on human peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined in vitro by sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and micronucleus (MN) tests. Cultures were treated with 30, 60 and 120 μg/ml of OFX for 48 h. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a solvent control. OFX decreased the mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI) significantly, especially at higher concentrations (60 and 120 μg/ml) compared with solvent control. OFX significantly induced CAs at all concentrations and SCEs at higher concentrations (60 and 120 μg/ml) compared with solvent control. In conclusion, our results indicated that OFX has cytotoxic, cytostatic and genotoxic potential especially at higher concentrations on human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures under the experimental conditions.

Acrolein is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Whey protein and conjugated linoleic acid are widely used weight-loss supplements. We aimed to evaluate blood lipid profiles, oxidative stress and mitochondrial bioenergetics function in hearts of rats treated with acrolein and/or the weight-loss supplements. The animals were orally gavaged with acrolein, whey protein, conjugated linoleic acid, acrolein + whey protein or acrolein + conjugated linoleic acid for six days per week during 30 days. Acrolein caused dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in red blood cells and haert mitochondria. Moreover, it caused dysfunction in mitochondrial bioenergetics by decreasing levels of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes, tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes and ATP. Co-treatment with acrolein + whey protein and acrolein + conjugated linoleic acid ameliorated acrolein-induced oxidative stress and dysfunction in mitochondrial bioenergetics. This amelioration effect was more prominent in acrolein + conjugated linoleic acid group. Interestingly, co-treatment with acrolein + whey protein negatively affected some markers of cardiac injury such as creatinine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase and homocysteine. Conjugated linoleic acid may also cause dyslipidemia because it increased the levels of triacylglycerol, low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins. In conclusion, using some weight loss supplements such as whey protein may adversely affect the biochemical parameters related to cardiovascular system.

Clothianidin (CHN) is a broad-spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide. Limited studies have been carried out on the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of both CHN using different genotoxicity tests in human cells with or without human metabolic activation system (S9 mix). Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of CHN and its metabolites on human lymphocyte cultures with or without S9 mix using chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests. The cultures were treated with 25, 50, and 100 µg/ml of CHN in the presence (3 h treatment) and absence (48 h treatment) of S9 mix. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a solvent control. CHN showed cytotoxic and genotoxic effects due to significant decreases in mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI), and significant increases in the CAs, aberrant cells, and MN formation in the absence of S9 mix when compared with solvent control. However, CHN did not significantly induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in the presence of S9 mix. Our results indicated that CHN has cytotoxic, cytostatic, and genotoxic potential on human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures, but not its metabolites under the experimental conditions.

Aydin, Birsen/0000-0002-5541-9365 WOS: 000426104000102 PubMed: 29571252 Capsaicin (CAP) and alpha-tocopherol (TOC) have antioxidant properties. We investigated effects of CAP and TOC on mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial bioenergetics in liver of mice fed HFD. AST, ALT, glucose, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index ((HOMA-IR)) and mitochondrial oxidative stress parameters increased, whereas oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) enzymes, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) enzymes, ATP level and mitochondrial metabolic function (MTT) decreased in mice fed a HFD compared to the fed a standard diet (NC). Treatment of HFD together with CAP (HFC group), TOC (HFT group) or TOC and CAP (HCT group) can ameliorate the examined parameters. Because co-treatment with CAP and TOC displayed a better ameliorating effect on liver redox status and mitochondrial bioenergetics functions, they can be useful to protect against HFD and oxidative stress-related in liver diseases. Scientific Research Funding of Amasya University (Turkey) [FBM-BAP-12-004] This study was financially supported by Scientific Research Funding (FBM-BAP-12-004) of Amasya University (Turkey) in 2012. We thank Mustafa Ince (Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey) for helping in taking care of the animals.

Objective In stored red blood cells (RBCs), which are used in diseases (e.g., acute blood loss and leukaemia), storage lesions arise by oxidative stress and other factors over time. This study investigated the protective effects of resveratrol and serotonin on stored RBCs. Methods Blood from each donor (n = 10) was placed in different bags containing 70 mL of citrate phosphate dextrose (total volume: 500 mL) and divided into three groups (n = 30): control, 60 µg/mL resveratrol, and 60 µg/mL serotonin. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, and carbonic anhydrase (CA), and susceptibility to oxidation in RBCs, and pH in whole blood were measured at baseline and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Results MDA levels and susceptibility to oxidation were increased in all three groups time-dependently, but this increase was greater in the serotonin group than in the other groups. Activity of GSH-Px, CAT, and CA, as well as GSH levels, were decreased in the control and serotonin groups time-dependently, but were significantly preserved in the resveratrol group. The pH was decreased in all groups time-dependently. Conclusion Our study shows that resveratrol attenuates susceptibility to oxidation of RBCs and protects their antioxidant capacity, and partially preserves CA activity time-dependently.

Serum karbonhidrat antijeni 19-9 (CA 19-9) tumor iliskili glikosfingolipid yapida bir antijendir. CA 19-9 olcumune yonelik uluslararasi bir standart yontem yoktur. Immunoassay olcumlerde, plazma proteinleri (romatoid faktor, baglayici proteinler vb), heterofil antikorlar, ilaclar ve ilac metabolitleri, hemoliz ve capraz reaksiyon veren maddeler interferansa neden olabilirler. Bu yuzden farkli olcumlerde farkli tetkik sonuclari elde edilmesi olasidir. Ancak tedavi sonrasi kur elde edilmisse ve rekurrens ya da metastaz yoksa tedavi oncesine gore serum CA 19-9 duzeylerinin azalmasi hastanin takibi icin anlamlidir. Bu olgu sunumunda, serviks uterinin malign neoplazmi tanisi ile tedavi olan ve tedavi sonrasi laboratuvarimizda serum CA 19-9 seviyesi yuksek olculen ancak klinik bulgulari ile diger serum tumor belirtecleri uyumlu seyreden 57 yasindaki bir kadin hastanin, bu uyumsuz CA 19-9 duzeyi irdelenmistir. Hastada olasi heterofil antikor interferansi dusunulmus ve bunu saptamak icin, hastadan tekrar numune alinarak heterofil antikor blokan tup (HBT) ile serum CA 19-9 olcumu tekrarlanmistir. Tekrarlanan bu olcumde CA 19-9 seviyesi bu kez hastanin klinigi ile uyumlu olarak dusuk seviyede tespit edilmistir. Bu bulgu, immunoassay olcumlerde klinikle uyumsuz sonuc elde edildiginde; oncelikle en sik karsilasilan hemoliz, lipemi, ikter gibi interferans nedenlerinin ekarte edilmesi, sonrasinda ise heterofil antikorlardan kaynaklanabilecek interferansin akilda tutulmasi gerektigini gostermistir.

Agmatin imidazolin reseptor agonisti olup cok sayida reseptorle etkilesebilen noroprotektif, anti-enflamatuvar, anti-stres, anti-depresan ozellikte, kognitif fonksiyonlarin duzenlenmesinde rol alan bir molekuldur. Agmatinin beyindeki inaktivasyonu, reuptake mekanizmalari ve enzimatik parcalanmayla gerceklesmektedir. Gerialimi diger norotransmitterlerden farkli olarak sicakliga bagli gerceklesmekte ve sadece yuksek konsantrasyonlarda doygunluga ulasabilmektedir. Ayrica, agmatinin streste arttigi, dolayisiyla major depresyon hastalarinda akut donemde tedavi sonrasi doneme gore plazma agmatin duzeylerinin daha yuksek oldugu da bildirilmistir. Bununla birlikte sizofreni gelismeden onceki surecte agmatin eksikliginden, sizofreni gelistikten sonraki donemde ise agmatin artisindan bahseden calismalar da literaturde mevcuttur. Bu derlemede agmatinin biyokimyasi, sizofreni ve depresyondaki rolu ve noroprotektif etkisi irdelenmistir.

Objective: Natural compounds have gained considerable attention in recent years due to disadvantages and properties of current chemotherapy drugs in cancer therapy. In addition, the impact of these compounds is specific for each type and/or subtypes of cancer due to different treatment response. Rutaecarpine, an alkaloid obtained from Evodia Rutaecarpa Chinese herb, has anticancer activity by inhibiting topoisomerase and/or cyclo-oxygenase-2 levels. However, the effectiveness of rutaecarpine has not been well known in breast cancer in terms of subtype. Therefore, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of rutaecarpine on two different subtypes of breast cancer cells. Materials and methods: The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of rutaecarpine on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were analyzed by WST-1, Annexin V, cell cycle, and acridine orange staining. Results: WST-1 results indicated that rutaecarpine significantly inhibited the growth of both cancer cells for 48 h (P < 0.05). In addition, rutaecarpine treatment caused apoptotic cell death through chromatin condensation and nuclear blebbing and G0/G1 arrest in both breast cancer cells. However, the efficacy of rutaecarpine was more profound in MCF-7 cells than MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusions: Consequently, rutaecarpine has a potential therapeutic effect on breast cancer. However, the effectiveness of rutaecarpine is dependent on the subtype of breast cancer.

WOS: 000406544200008 PubMed: 27894189 It has been stated that some antipsychotic drugs might cause genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Ziprasidone (ZIP) is commonly used an antipsychotic drug. However, its genotoxicity and carcinogenicity data are very limited. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of ZIP on human peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined in vitro by sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests in this study. Lymphocyte cultures were treated with 50, 75 and 100 mg/ml of ZIP in the presence and absence of a metabolic activator (S9 mix). Dimethylsulfoxide was used as a solvent control. While the cells were treated with ZIP for 24 h and 48 h in cultures without S9 mix, the cultures with S9 mix were exposed to ZIP for 3 h. ZIP and its metabolites can exert cytotoxic activities due to significant decreases in mitotic index, proliferation index and nuclear division index in the presence and absence of S9 mix. Statistically significant increases in CAs, aberrant cells and MN values in the presence and absence of S9 mix were found in cultures treated with ZIP. While ZIP significantly increased the SCE values in the absence of S9 mix at all concentrations, increased SCE values in cultures with S9 mix were not found to significantly at all concentrations tested. Our results indicated that both ZIP and its metabolites have cytotoxic, cytostatic and genotoxic potential on lymphocyte cultures under the experimental conditions. Further studies are necessary to make a possible risk assessment in patients receiving therapy with this drug. Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) We would like to thank to The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for the financial support of this work.

Deltamethrin (DEL) and thiacloprid (THIA) are two insecticides that are widely used in agriculture either separately or in combination. Studies on genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of TIA and the mixture of DEL and THIA insecticides have not been reported so far. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of commercial formulations DEL and/or THIA in rat bone marrow cells, using mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN) and chromosome aberrations (CA) assay. In vivo cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay using cytochalasin-B in bone marrow cells was performed for the first time in this study. Rats were orally gavaged with a single dose of DEL (15 mg/kg), THIA (112.5 mg/kg) or DEL + THIA (15 + 112.5 mg/kg) for 24 h (acute treatments), or DEL (3 mg/kg/day), THIA (22.5 mg/kg/day) or DEL + THIA (3 + 22.5 mg/kg/day) for 30 days (subacute treatments). A corn oil vehicle control group and cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) positive control group were also included. All DEL and/or THIA treatments significantly decreased MI and binucleated (BN) cell numbers, and significantly increased CA, as compared to the vehicle control group. The results of CBMN assay indicated that the combination of DEL and THIA for both treatment times and the 30-day treatment with THIA alone caused a significant increase in micronucleus formation in BN cells. The present findings indicated the combined exposure of DEL and THIA showed genotoxic and cytotoxic effects more than those of individual exposure of DEL or THIA in rat bone marrow cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 28: 524–531, 2013.

Loratadine (LOR) is a new generation antihistamine used in the treatment of allergic disorders.The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytogenotoxic effect of LOR on human peripheral blood lymphocytes.We investigated the genotoxic effect of this drug in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes using sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronucleus (MN) assay in culture conditions. Proliferation index (PI), mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI) were also calculated to determine the cytotoxic/cytostatic effect. Cultures were treated with LOR at three concentrations (5, 15 and 25 µg/ml) for 48 h.Although the MI significantly decreased at the higher concentrations (15 and 25 µg/ml) compared with negative (solvent) control, LOR indicated weaker cytotoxic potential in PI and NDI values at all the tested concentrations. LOR increased the frequencies of SCE, CA and MN in all lymphocyte cultures. However, significant increase was observed in MN at the medium and highest doses (15 and 25 µg/ml) and in CA at the medium dose (15 µg/ml) compared with negative (solvent) control culture. Our results indicate that LOR has cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures.Although most of previously findings have shown that LOR does not reflect genotoxicity, our results indicated that it may be a genotoxic drug.More studies are necessary to elucidate the relationship between cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects, and to make a possible risk assessment in patients receiving therapy with this drug.