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Flora biodiversity has been known to have a vital function in reducing carbon emissions in the air and contributing oxygen in significant levels to the environment. PT. Pertamina (Persero) Fuel Terminal Boyolali (FTB) has an important role in the conservation programs, protection of flora biodiversity, and environmental management. This study aims to analyze carbon stocks found in trees, plants cover soil, litter, necromas, and carbon in the soil and evaluate conservation of flora. This study uses a purposive random sampling method of carbon sources followed by the determination of carbon stocks in three conservation areas managed by PT. FTB, namely in the Wonopotro Forest, in the Pepe River watershed, and Pertamina's operational area. The samples from carbon sources include trees, litter, ground cover plants, necromas, and soil. The trees and necromas carbon sources sampling at each location was carried out at 2 stations with a size of 10 x 50 m2. Meanwhile, the sampling of litter, ground cover plants, and soil was carried out at 2 stations, each consisting of 3 plots. The results showed that the total carbon stock in the conservation areas was 1,688,0791 tons. The Pepe River watershed has the highest total carbon stock, which was 1,466,0928 tons/ha. The FTB and Wonopotro Forest, respectively, have about 180.7569 and 41.2294 tons/ha. The novelty of this research is the method of calculating carbon stocks in a conservation area that can be used as a database for assessing environmental management performance to the preservation of biological resources.

Malabar plum [Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston.] is a tropical plant which is used as a medicinal plant, because it contains secondary metabolites, especially in the leaves. The different leaves developmental stages can affect physiological changes, especially metabolic processes, so it is suspected to affect the antioxidant content and activity. The objective of this research was to study the difference of leaves morphology, chlorophyll contents, antioxidant contents, and activity at the different leaves developmental stages. Samples were taken from Kaliboto Village, Purworejo, Central Java. The leaf color measurement was using colorimetry; determination of chlorophyll, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and total phenol content is was using spectrophotometry; and antioxidant activity was using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively, while quantitative data were analyzed by ANOVA tests. The results showed that the higher level of leaves development, the higher pigment content, total phenol, and antioxidant activity ascorbic acid content in the mature leaves is lower when compared to the young and old leaves. The results of this research provide the information that can support the use of Malabar plum leaves in traditional medicinal activity and pharmaceutical industry, as well as basic information for plant breeding.

Tawangmangu tangerine (Citrus reticulate Blanco subsp. tawangmangu) is one of prime local fruit from Tawangmangu region, Karanganyar, Central Java. This tangerine have good appearance, easy to peeled, sweet flavored fruit, and high production rate. However at 1984 Tawangmangu tangerine run into depreciation of population caused by CVPD (Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration). As a result, this variety listed as endangeredThe effort of consevation by culture tissue technique can order to obtain prime seeds that free from virus or disease. This study was aimed to understand the effect of IBA and BAP in culture medium on growth of apical and lateral shoot of Tawangmangu tangerine. The treatment provided were IBA (0 ppm, 0.5 ppm, and 1 ppm) and BAP (0 ppm, 1 ppm and 2 ppm). The treatment in this research was using complete randomized factorial design in 9 different treatment. This research resulted that added combination of IBA and BAP affecting growth of Tawangmangu tangerine but the interaction of IBA and BAP did not happen. The highest shoot length occurs on treatment IBA 1 ppm+BAP 2 ppm while when the fastest shoot appears occurs on treatment IBA 0 ppm+ BAP 2 ppm and the highest shoot formed on treatment IBA 0.5 ppm+BAP 2 ppm. Benefit of the research Efforts to conserve Tawangmangu orange plants need to be done to maintain the diversity of germplasm and support the cultivation in a manner. One technique that can support the conservation of plants is by tissue culture techniques.

Sumba merupakan salah satu pulau terluar Indonesia yang terletak di bumi bagian selatan dan berbatasan dengan Samudra Indonesia. Distribusi polen pada sedimen permukaan di Perairan Sumba dilakukan untuk membantu interpretasi efek sedimentasi yang terjadi di daerah fluvial dan laut serta perubahan tumbuhan terestrial. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari Ekspedisi Widya Nusantara 2016 yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 4 – 26 Agustus 2016 menggunakan Kapal Riset Baruna Jaya VIII. Tiga belas sampel sedimen permukaan dianalisis menggunakan metode asetolisis dan swirling . Spektrum polen menunjukkan hubungan antara distribusi polen yang mengendap di sedimen laut dan transportasinya dari daratan. Sebaran polen yang banyak terakumulasi di bagian barat Pulau Sumba menunjukkan adanya pengaruh fluvial dan jarak dari pantai dan kedalaman air. Hasil uji korelasi antara distribusi polen dengan kedalaman dan besar butir (rata-rata dan persentase mud) menunjukkan hubungan yang cukup kuat (r=0,465; r=0,374 dan r=0,443). Meskipun dengan rata-rata tingkat keanekaragaman tumbuhan termasuk dalam kategori rendah (indeks 1,07), distribusi polen dalam sedimen permukaan laut merefleksikan vegetasi lokal di daratan Pulau Sumba. Polen yang paling mendominasi berasal dari Famili Poaceae. Studi ini menjelaskan bahwa rekaman polen dari inti sedimen laut Perairan Sumba mempunyai potensi menjadi alat rekonstruksi perubahan vegetasi di daratan sekitarnya dalam studi variabilitas iklim masa lalu dan masa yang akan datang. Sumba, one of the outer Indonesian island, is located in the southern hemisphere and bordered by the Indonesian Ocean. The distribution of pollen in marine sediments offshore the Sumba Waters has been investigated to help interpret the sedimentation effect on fluvial inputs, marine and terrestrial vegetation changes. The research is a part of Expedition of Widya Nusantara 2016 which was conducted on 4 - 26 August 2016 using Baruna Jaya VIII research vessel. Thirteen surface sediment samples were analyzed by acetolyisis method and swirling. Pollen spectra illustrate the relationships between pollen distribution in the sampled marine sediments and their transport from the vegetation onshore. The pollen distribution that accumulated a lot in western part of Sumba island were linked to fluvial inputs and controlled by the distance from the coast and water depth. Correlation test between the distribution of pollen and water depth as well as grain size (mean and mud percentage) showed moderate correlation (r=0.465; r=0.374 and r=0.443, respectively). Although the average of vegetation diversity index is in low category (index of 1.07), the pollen distribution percentage in these marine surface sediment samples reflects the local vegetation from the nearby onshore of Sumba island. The most dominant pollen comes from Family Poaceae. This study demonstrates that pollen records from marine surface sediment in the Sumba Waters have the potential tool to reconstruct palaeovegetation on the adjacent continent for the past and future climate variability study at these area.

Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari Ekspedisi Widya Nusantara 2016 yang bertujuan untuk merekonstruksi dinamika iklim dengan memperhatikan kondisi keanekaragaman morfologi polen, spora dan keanekaragaman flora sekitar perairan Selat Sumba pada Kala Holosen. Sedimen diambil menggunakan penginti gravitasi pada Kapal Riset Baruna Jaya VIII pada kedalaman kolom air 1283 m dengan panjang inti 243 cm. Kedalaman yang diamati yakni 0-102 cm dengan interval penyamplingan adalah 5 cm, sehingga diperoleh 22 sub-sampel. Jenis sedimen yang dominan adalah lanau sedangkan pasir hanya mendominasi bagian permukaan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kuantitatif palinologi, lapisan dibagi menjadi empat zona dan untuk mengetahui umur dari tiap lapisan sedimen digunakan datum Foraminifera Globigerinella calida calida. Zona I dengan perkiraan umur 5662-7550 tahun yang lalu memiliki karakteristik, jenis Arboreal Pollen (AP) yang lebih dominan yakni Cupressaceae, sedangkan jenis spora yang dominan adalah Polypodiaceae dan Acrostichum aureum. Zona ini diintepretasikan beriklim panas dan basah, dengan nilai Pollen Marine Index (PMI) 100 dan indeks keanekaragaman adalah 0,35. Zona II berumur 4530-5662 tahun yang lalu dengan kehadiran Arboreal Pollen (AP) yang lebih dominan adalah Casuarinaceae dan spora Polypodiaceae, sehingga diintepretasikan iklimnya adalah panas dan basah, PMI = 105 dan Indeks keanekaragaman 1,56. Zona III berumur 2265-4530 tahun terdapat Arboreal Pollen (AP) yakni Anonaceae 43,75 % dan Spora yakni Polypodiaceae 33 %, sehingga diintepretasikan beriklim panas dan basah, PMI= 118 serta Indeks keanekaragaman 2. Zona IV adalah lapisan paling muda berumur 2265-sekarang memiliki persentase Arboreal Pollen (AP) yang lebih dominan yakni Anonaceae sebanyak 44% dan adanya peningkatan kehadiran spora yakni taksa Acrostichum aureum sebanyak 41,2 %, PMI = 128,25 dan memiliki Indeks keanekaragaman 1. This research is part of Widya Nusantara Expedition 2016 aiming to reconstruct the dynamics of the climate by considering the condition of morphology of pollen, spore and the diversity of flora around the waters of the Sumba Strait in the time of Holocene. The sediment was taken using gravity corer on Research Vessel of Baruna Jaya VIII at a water column depth of 1283 m with a core length of 243 cm. The depth was observed at 0-102 cm and the sampling interval of 5 cm, so 22 sub-samples were obtained. The dominant type of sediment was silt and sand dominates on the surface. Foraminifera Globigerinella calida calida is used as a datum to determine relative age. Based on the results of the analysis, the layers are divided into four zones. Zone I with an estimated age of 5662-7550 years ago has a more dominant Arboreal Pollen (AP) type characteristic, namely Cupressaceae, while the dominant spores are Polypodiaceae and Acrostichum aureum . This zone is interpreted as a hot and wet climate, with a Pollen Marine Index (PMI) 100 and a diversity index of 0.35. Zone II was 4530-5662 years ago with the more dominant Arboreal Pollen (AP) presence being Casuarinaceae and Polypodiaceae spores, so the interpreted climate was hot and wet, PMI = 105 and the Diversity Index 1.56. Zone III aged 2265-4530 years. There are Arboreal Pollen (AP) i.e. Anonaceae 43.75% and Spores i.e. Polypodiaceae 33%, so it is interpreted as hot and wet climate, PMI = 118 and Diversity Index 2. Zone IV is the youngest layer of 2265 – now. It has the most dominant percentage of Arboreal Pollen (AP), Anonaceae as much as 44% and an increase in the presence of spores i.e. Acrostichum aureum taxes as much as 41.2%, PMI = 128.25 and has a Diversity Index of 1.

Kaili is one of the ethnic region in Central Sulawesi which saves a lot of cultural values and traditions. As a traditional community, their life is very dependent upon natural resources contained in the environment. They still have knowledge, traditional culture, treatment and utilization system against various types of plants. The purpose of the study was to examine the knowledge understanding and utilization of medicinal plants by local community Tompu District of Kaili. Data knowledge and utilization were collected through interview, literature study, exploratory survey methods, PEA (participatory ethnobotanical appraisal), questionnaire and from interviews with the informants. The results from interviews showed that of public knowledge is still based on the traditional concept. Based on the results identifications obtained by (90 species). As many as six species medicinal plants to often used the Tompu community are Euphorbia hirta L. Phyllanthus niruri L. Ageratum L. Blumea conyzoides balsaminifera L. (DC). Kleinhovia hospita L and Tabernaemontana pandacaqui. The benefits of this research to the development of science is expected to be complete scientific data regarding the utilization of medicinal plants natural resources on Tribal society Kaili in Tompu.How to CiteIfandi, S., Jumari, J., & Suedy, S. W. A. (2016). Knowledge Understanding and Utilization of Medicinal Plants by Local Community Tompu District of Kaili, Sigi Biromaru, Central Sulawesi. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 8(1), 1-11.