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The combination of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with polycaprolactone (PCL) has been considered a promising strategy for designing scaffolds for bone grafting. This study incorporated PCL with commercially available β-TCP (OsteoceraTM) to fabricate an injectable bone substitute and evaluate the effect of PCL on compressive strength and setting time of the hydraulic cement. The mechanical testing was compliant with the ASTM D695 and ASTM C191-13 standards. Results showed that PCL-TCP composite presented a well-defined architecture with uniform pore distribution and a significant increase in compressive strength compared with β-TCP alone. Eighteen rabbits, each with two surgically created bone defects, were treated using the PCL-TCP composites. The composite materials were resorbed and replaced by newly formed bone tissue. Both PCL-TCP and β-TCP demonstrated equivalent clinical effects on osteoconduction property in terms of the percentage of newly formed bone area measured by histomorphometric analysis. PCL-TCP was proven to be as effective as the commercially available β-TCP scaffold (OsteoceraTM).

Two new phenylpropanoid glycosides, a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-1-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyrano-side and 2",3"'-diacetyl acteoside, together with seven known compounds have been isolated from the parasitic plant, Aeginetia indica Linn. Their structures were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Two new compounds have been isolated from the whole plant of Monochoria vaginalis and characterized as: (10Z)-1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)octadec-10-en-1-one (1) (20R, 24R)-campest-5-ene-3β, 4β-diol (2) together with nine known ones. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidence.

Two new neolignans, namely balanophonin 4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and aegineoside together with four known neolignans have been isolated from the whole plant of Aeginetia indica Linn. (Orobanchaceae). Their structures were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Three new compounds have been isolated from the whole plant of Monochoria vaginalis and characterized as: (2S,3R,4E,8E,2'R)-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-N-(2'-hydroxyicosanoyl)-4,8-sphingadienine, (2S,3R,4E,8E,2'R)-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-N-(2'-hydroxyoctadecanoyl)-4,8-sphingadienine and 7-oxo-stigmasteryl-3-O-(6'-hexadecanoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside. Their structures were established by spectral and chemical evidence.

The structure of a mixture of ceramides (1) derived from 2-amino-4(E)-alkene-1,3-diol sphingenines with C 2 2 , C 2 3 , and C 2 4 saturated fatty acid residues from red alga Ceratodictyon spongiosum ZANARDINI (Rhodymeniaceae) containing the symbiotic sponge Sigmadocia symbiotica has been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. In addition, one new sterol, n-nonadecanoic acid 24-methyl-enecholesteryl ester (2), and six known sterols were also isolated from the marine organisms.

From the whole plant of Cassytha filiformis Linn. (Lauraceae), two new neolignans, named 4-O-methylbalanophonin and cassyformin together with three known compounds have been isolated. Their structures were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

A new withanolide, withangulatin I (2), was isolated from the whole plant of Physalis angulata. Its structure was established as (20S,22R)-15alpha-acetoxy-5beta,6beta-epoxy-14alpha-hydroxy-1,4-dioxo-witha-2,16,24-trienolide on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods including 2D-NMR and circular dichroism (CD) experiments. Withangulatin A (1) and withangulatin I (2) were tested for their cytotoxic activities against two human cancer cell lines, colorectal carcinoma COLO 205 and gastric carcinoma AGS, in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory activities against these two human cancer cells with IC(50) values of 16.6 and 1.8 and 53.6 and 65.4 muM, respectively.

A new sulfated cucurbitacin, cucurbitacin B 2-sulfate (1) and a new cucurbitacin glucoside, cucurbitacin G 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2) together with two known cucurbitacin glucosides, arvenin I and arvenin III were isolated from the root bark of Helicteres angustifolia. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. These four compounds taste of strong bitterness. Compound 1 is a first sulfated cucurbitacin found in plants.

A new 4α-methylsterol, violasterol A, with three known flavonoids-luteolin, luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside and tricin-were isolated from ethanolic extract of whole plants of Viola formosana. The structure of vioiasterol A was assigned to be (22E)-4α-methyl-24ξ-isopropenyl-5α-cholesta-7, 22-diene-3β-ol (1) on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence.

The reaction of indole with propiolic acid ia 1 : 1 mole ratio gave an adduct (I) of 2 : 1 addition with decarboxylation. The reaction of indole with propiolic acid methyl ester gave a 2 : 1 adduct (II). Hydrolysis of adduct II yield the corresponding carboxylic acid (IV). Decarboxylation of IV also gave I. The mechanism of title reaction were fully studied.

Chemical studies of three representatives of the genus Pseudophegopteris (Thelypteridaceae) revealed that the genus is characterized by the occurrence of unusual flavonoids with a modified B-ring related to protogenkwanin (VII). From P. hirtirachis HOLTT., three novel compounds, protogenkwanone (I), tetrahydroprotogenkwanone (II) and tetrahydroprotogenkwanin (III), were isolated, along with protogenkwanin 4'-O-β-D-glucoside (VI). From P. subaurita CHING, two new acylated glucosides of protogenkwanin, protogenkwanin 4'-O- (2-O-acetyl) -β-D-glucoside (IV) and 4'-O- (6-O-acetyl) -β-D-glucoside (V), were obtained, together with I, II and VI. From P. bukoensis HOLTT., IV, V and VI were isolated, in addition to apigenin 7-O-α-L-rhamnoside and kaempferol. The structures of the new compounds were determined by means of spectroscopic methods and chemical transformations.

Five flavonoids, quercetin, quercitrin, hyperin, orientin, and kaempferol, were isolated from Hypericum nagasawai Hayata. The dominant component is quercitrin.

The whole herb of Hypericum subalatum Hayata contains three flavonoids, caffeic acid esters, a pyranoxanthone, and three xanthines, in addition to the previously reported xanthonolignoids. Among these compounds, 2,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyxanthone has not been described in the literature before. The co-occurrence of xanthone derivatives and flavonoids in this plant is of chemotaxonomic significance.

Aus den Rhizomen von Woodwardia orientalis Sw. wurden eine Reihe von Phytosterin-Derivaten (freie Sterine, Sterin-Ester, Sterin-Glucoside, veresterte Sterin-Glucoside) und eine neue Triterpen-Verbindung, die wir Woodwardinsaure nannten, isoliert. Die Struktur der Woodwardinsaure wurde als 3β-Hydroxy-21β-H-Δ22(29)-hopen-23-carbonsaure aufgeklart.