1. Protective effect of canolol from oxidative stress-induced cell damage in ARPE-19 cells via an ERK mediated antioxidative pathway
- Author
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Dong, Xin, Li, Zhongrui, Wang, Wei, Zhang, Wenjie, Liu, Shuizhong, Zhang, Xiaomei, Fang, Jun, Maeda, Hiroshi, and Matsukura, Makoto
- Subjects
Vinyl Compounds ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Cell Survival ,NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Blotting, Western ,Gene Expression ,Apoptosis ,Epithelial Cells ,Retinal Pigment Epithelium ,Catalase ,Up-Regulation ,Macular Degeneration ,Oxidative Stress ,Spectrometry, Fluorescence ,Phenols ,Cytoprotection ,Humans ,Phosphorylation ,Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Heme Oxygenase-1 ,Research Article ,Glutathione Transferase - Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress damage to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is thought to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of canolol against oxidative stress-induced cell death in ARPE-19 cells and its underlying mechanism. Methods ARPE-19 cells, a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, were subjected to oxidative stress with 150 μM t-butyl hydroxide (t-BH) in the presence/absence of canolol in different concentrations. Cell viabilities were monitored by a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC and PI staining and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured by a fluorescence spectrophotometer. Gene expression of NF-E2-related factor (Nrf-2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), catalase and glutathione S-transferase-pi (GST-pi) were measured by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) assay. Activation of the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) protein was evaluated by western blot analysis. Results Canolol showed relatively high safety for ARPE-19 cells and recovered the cell death caused by t-BH dose-dependently at a concentration of 50–200 μM. Canolol also reduced t-BH-induced intracellular ROS generation and thus protected ARPE-19 cells from cell apoptosis. HO-1, catalase, GST-pi, and Nrf-2 were elevated in ARPE-19 cells after treatment with different concentrations of canolol for 24 h. Finally, canolol was found to activate extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in ARPE-19 cells under the condition, with or without t-BH. Conclusions Canolol protected ARPE-19 cells from t-BH-induced oxidative damage and the protective mechanism was associated, at least partly, with the upregulation (activation) of antioxidative enzymes, probably through an ERK mediated pathway. This suggests that canolol offers a remarkable protective effect against oxidative damage of RPE cells and may have a therapeutic effect on AMD and other oxidative stress-related retinal diseases.
- Published
- 2011