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1. Should we question early feminizing genitoplasty for patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and XX karyotype?

Author

Binet A, Lardy H, Geslin D, Francois-Fiquet C, and Poli-Merol ML

Subjects
Adolescent, Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital genetics, Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital psychology, Adult, Age Factors, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents psychology, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital surgery, Chromosomes, Human, X, Gender Identity, Karyotype, Plastic Surgery Procedures methods, Urogenital Surgical Procedures methods
Abstract

Background: There is a wide difference of opinion between the medical-surgical community and advocacy group regarding Disorders of Sexual Development (DSD) secondary to congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) being ranked in the intersex category. This rupture is even more evident when the issue of genitoplasty is brought up. For physicians it is obvious and unequivocal that a person with CAH and an XX karyotype has a female gender identity, whereas associations tend to rank persons with CAH in the intersex category and advocate holding-off on surgical management., Material/methods: A retrospective case study vs. control group, spanning over 40years, included 21 patients who were treated in 3 different centers. Each patient and their parents were contacted independently and interviewed regarding interpersonal relationships, psychological impact of genitoplasty, gender identity and opinion on optimal care management for this disorder. Three couples controls (parent-child) per CAH patients were used and matched according to age, sex assigned at birth and ethnic origin., Results: Sex assigned at birth seemed to concord with the gender identity perceived by the patients in 85.7% of cases. In fact, 89.7% of patients and 100% of parents felt that feminizing genitoplasty should be performed within the first year of life. There is however a significant difference compared to controls who felt that surgical management should occur later on in life. No difference was highlighted during childhood regarding parents-child relationships or social integration. However, during adolescence, the parents-child relationship tended to be significantly more painful for the CAH group. Integrating their parenting role was significantly harder for patients in the CAH-DSD group. In the population of CAH-DSD patients who had genitoplasty the level of sexual fulfillment was not lower to the one reported by the control group., Conclusion: Female sex assignment seems legitimate according to this study and the development of gender identity in these patients matches the sex assigned at birth. Resolving early on the adequacy of the genital anatomy with the sex assigned is promoted by patients as well as their parents. Proper psychomotor development and sexual satisfaction underline the absence of complications related to the surgical technique and the relevance of early surgical management., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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2. Should we question early feminizing genitoplasty for patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and XX karyotype?

Author

C. Francois-Fiquet, D. Geslin, Hubert Lardy, A. Binet, and Marie-Laurence Poli-Merol

Subjects
Adult, Male, Parents, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Population, Karyotype, 030232 urology & nephrology, Ethnic origin, 03 medical and health sciences, Interpersonal relationship, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Medicine, Humans, Sex organ, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Young adult, Parent-Child Relations, education, Child, Retrospective Studies, Psychomotor learning, education.field_of_study, Chromosomes, Human, X, Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital, business.industry, Age Factors, Infant, Newborn, Gender Identity, Infant, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Plastic Surgery Procedures, medicine.disease, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, Treatment Outcome, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Surgery, Female, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background There is a wide difference of opinion between the medical–surgical community and advocacy group regarding Disorders of Sexual Development (DSD) secondary to congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) being ranked in the intersex category. This rupture is even more evident when the issue of genitoplasty is brought up. For physicians it is obvious and unequivocal that a person with CAH and an XX karyotype has a female gender identity, whereas associations tend to rank persons with CAH in the intersex category and advocate holding-off on surgical management. Material/Methods A retrospective case study vs. control group, spanning over 40years, included 21 patients who were treated in 3 different centers. Each patient and their parents were contacted independently and interviewed regarding interpersonal relationships, psychological impact of genitoplasty, gender identity and opinion on optimal care management for this disorder. Three couples controls (parent–child) per CAH patients were used and matched according to age, sex assigned at birth and ethnic origin. Results Sex assigned at birth seemed to concord with the gender identity perceived by the patients in 85.7% of cases. In fact, 89.7% of patients and 100% of parents felt that feminizing genitoplasty should be performed within the first year of life. There is however a significant difference compared to controls who felt that surgical management should occur later on in life. No difference was highlighted during childhood regarding parents–child relationships or social integration. However, during adolescence, the parents–child relationship tended to be significantly more painful for the CAH group. Integrating their parenting role was significantly harder for patients in the CAH-DSD group. In the population of CAH-DSD patients who had genitoplasty the level of sexual fulfillment was not lower to the one reported by the control group. Conclusion Female sex assignment seems legitimate according to this study and the development of gender identity in these patients matches the sex assigned at birth. Resolving early on the adequacy of the genital anatomy with the sex assigned is promoted by patients as well as their parents. Proper psychomotor development and sexual satisfaction underline the absence of complications related to the surgical technique and the relevance of early surgical management.

Published
2015

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