Author: "Hermsen, Joan M." / Topic: gender - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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Author: Cotter, David A., Hermsen, Joan M., Kendig, Sarah, and Vanneman, Reeve
Subjects: GENDER role, GENDER identity, SEX differences (Biology), EQUALITY, IDEOLOGY
Abstract: After becoming consistently more egalitarian for more than two decades, gender role attitudes turned more conservative in the last decade. This shift is consistent with a broader set of changes that may indicate a fundamental alteration in the momentum toward gender equality. Using data from the General Social Survey, this paper describes the trends in gender role attitudes from 1974 to 2004 and then tests competing explanations for the trends. Results show that while cohort replacement can do much to explain the increasing egalitarianism between 1974 and 1994, the reversal of attitudes in the mid-1990s and beyond is not accounted for by cohort differences. Importantly, within-cohorts, individuals have become considerably more conservative since the mid-1990s. These effects are not explained by either structural or broad ideological changes. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2006

Author: Cotter, David A., Hermsen, Joan M., and Vanneman, Reeve
Subjects: SEX discrimination in employment, LABOR market, GENDER identity, GENDER role, WORK, WOMEN
Abstract: This paper examines changes in work-related gender inequality in the 1990s, placing these changes in the context of trends over the last half of the twentieth century. We address contemporary patterns with data from the 2000 Census as well as change over time with data from the 1950 to 2000 Censuses. Our central finding is that the extent of gender inequality in the labor market as measured by labor force participation, occupational gender segregation, and the gender earnings gap remained stable or worsened in the 1990s. This retrenchment in the 1990s is notable in that it follows nearly four decades of sustained improvements in labor market gender inequalities. We also examine nonmarket measures of gender inequality to determine if the labor market trends for the 1990s mirror those of other areas of social life. Women?s share of political offices, the gender segregation of educational fields, and support for liberal gender role attitudes also stabilized or worsened in the 1990s suggesting that broad cultural shifts may be underway that have widespread impacts on the gender regime in the late 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2004

Author: Cotter, David A., Hermsen, Joan M., and Vanneman, Reeve
Subjects: *SEGREGATION, *GENDER, *EQUALITY, *WOMEN employees, *ETHNIC groups, *AFRICAN American women
Abstract: The general relationship between occupational gender segregation and earnings inequality is well documented, although few studies have examined the relationship separately by race/ethnicity. This article investigates occupational gender segregation effects across whites, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians. In addition, we explore two ways in which segregation may affect earnings: (1) by lowering the earnings of workers in female-dominated occupations and (2) by lowering the earnings of all workers in highly segregated labor markets. Our central findings are that both segregation effects contribute to earnings inequality and that the effects are observed quite broadly across racial/ethnic groups, although they particularly impact the earnings of African American women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2003
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Author: Cotter, David A., Hermsen, Joan M., Ovadia, Seth, and Vanneman, Reeve
Subjects: *SEX discrimination, *RACE discrimination, *GENDER, *WHITE men's wages
Abstract: The popular notion of glass ceiling effects implies that gender (or other) disadvantages are stronger at the top of the hierarchy than at lower levels and that these disadvantages become worse later in a person's career. We define four specific criteria that must be met to conclude that a glass ceiling exists. Using random effects models and data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we examine gender and race inequalities at the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of white male earnings. We find evidence of a glass ceiling for women, but racial inequalities among men do not follow a similar pattern. Thus, we should not describe all systems of differential work rewards as "glass ceilings." They appear to be a distinctively gender phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2001
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Author: Cotter, David A., DeFiore, Joann M., Hermsen, Joan M., Kowalewski, Brenda Marsteller, and Vanneman, Reeve
Subjects: SEGREGATION, RACE discrimination, SEX differences (Biology), OCCUPATIONS, GENDER, DEMOGRAPHY
Abstract: This article examines the change in occupational gender segregation in the 1980s using 1980 and 1990 Public Use Microdata Samples data. This research reveals a continuing decline in occupational gender segregation in the 1980s, but at a somewhat slower pace than in the 1970s. About three quarters of the overall desegregation was due to the changing gender composition of occupations, and about one quarter was due to the faster growth of more integrated occupations. Further analyses confirm the importance of women's but not men's changing occupational distribution in promoting desegregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 1995
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