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This study analyzed the analyzed the relationship among motor performance, age and gender in a representative sample of schoolchildren from Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The sample consisted of 2849 subjects (1457 girls and 1392 boys), ranging in age from 6 to 18 years, selected randomly. The motor performance components were determined using a test battery consisting of five items: a) sit-and-reach, b) curl-ups, c) trunk-lift, d) push-ups, and e) PACER. The results show that, in almost all motor tests occurred differences intersexes from 6 years and up which increased abruptly after 12-13 years. In relation to chronological age, boys presented gradually better results from 6 to 18 years in the majority of the motor tests. Girls' best performance occurred around 11-12 years of age followed by a steady performance or a tendency to decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular autonomic responses to orthostatic challenges are affected by gender and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults. However, little is know about the effects of these factors in healthy adolescents. We studied 41 adolescents (20 boys and 21 girls) aged 12–17 years, divided into aerobic fitness tertiles based on the results of a maximal treadmill exercise test. Cardiac autonomic modulation was assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis of 5-minute RR interval recordings before and after 70° head-up tilt maneuver. HRV was analyzed by time (TD) and frequency domain (FD) methods. TD was analyzed by standard deviation of the RR intervals and the root mean square of successive differences of RR intervals. The power spectral components were studied at low (LF) and high (HF) frequencies and as the LF/HF ratio. We did not find any differences in TD and FD measures before and after tilt in either gender or fitness groups, except for a higher heart rate response for boys. These results suggests that cardiac autonomic responses to head-up tilt in healthy adolescents are not affected by gender or aerobic fitness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]