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Arcithelphusa Pati & Sudha Devi, 2015 (Figs. 2 A���F, 3B, C, D, E���K, N���P, 4A���F) Arcithelphusa Pati & Sudha Devi 2015a: 35; Pati et al. 2017: 1297 (list); Rajesh et al. 2017: 134 (list); Pati & Thackeray 2018: 10 (list). Type species. Arcithelphusa cochleariformis Pati & Sudha Devi, 2015, by original designation; gender feminine. Diagnosis [emended from Pati & Sudha Devi (2015a)]. Carapace ovate, broader than long (cw/cl = 1.2���1.4), relatively deep (ch/cw = 0.6���0.7); dorsal surface arched, almost smooth; anterolateral margin lacking distinct serrations; front strongly deflexed, with narrow frontal margin (fw/cw = 0.25); epigastric cristae only visible as 2 low, broad, oval protuberances; postorbital cristae indistinct; external orbital angle indistinct; epibranchial tooth indistinct; branchial regions highly inflated; cervical grooves relatively shallow, not reaching beyond level of postorbital cristae; frontal median triangle incomplete, lateral margins indiscernible; epistome posterior margin with triangular median lobe and sinuous lateral lobes (Figs. 2A, B, D, E, 4A, B, D, E). Third maxilliped exopod longer than ischium, lacking flagellum or with relatively short flagellum, ca. 0.5�� width of merus (Fig. 3B, N). Chelipeds relatively smooth (Figs. 2 A���F, 4A���F). Ambulatory legs slender, long (Figs. 2 A���F, 4A���F). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 shallow or deep, broad, not reaching edge of sternum; suture between male thoracic sternites s3/s4 deep, broad, reaching edge of sternum (Figs. 2C, F, 3C, 4C). Pleonal locking mechanism with low, anteriorly directed tubercles on each antero-submedial part of sternite 5 (Fig. 3I). Male sternopleonal cavity long, reaching imaginary line joining medial part of cheliped coxae (Figs. 2C, F, 4C). Male pleon narrowly triangular, with concave lateral margins; pleonal somite 6 trapezoidal, broader than long, with gently convex lateral margins (Figs. 2C, F, 3D, 4C). Male telson narrow, with strongly concave lateral margins; apex rounded (Figs. 2C, F, 3D, 4C). G1 relatively stout, with large flexible zone, tip not reaching pleonal locking structure; terminal segment relatively short, ca. 0.3���0.4�� length of subterminal segment, medial portion distinctly curved outwards, dorsal flap absent or low, broad; subterminal segment relatively stout, with strongly convex outer margin at basal half (Fig. 3 E���G, I, J, O). G2 short, ca. 0.6���0.7�� length of G1; distal segment very short, ca. 0.2�� length of basal segment (Fig. 3H, K, P). Remarks. Among the Indian genera of gecarcinucid crabs, Arcithelphusa is most close to Cylindrotelphusa in carapace morphology and gonopod structures (see Pati & Sudha Devi 2015a; Pati et al. 2017). Both the genera can be distinguished from other Indian gecarcinucid genera mainly by the presence of a relatively deep carapace (ch/cw = 0.5���0.7), a narrow frontal margin (ca. 0.25 times the carapace width), an incomplete frontal median triangle, and a short G2 distal segment (ca. 0.2���0.3 times the length of the basal segment) (Figs. 2B, E, 3H, K, P, 4B, E; see Bahir & Yeo 2007: figs. 4D, 5B; Pati et al. 2017: figs. 11b, 12d, 13b, 14d). Other major characters common to both are their strongly convex dorsal surface, the highly inflated branchial regions, the prominent and triangular median lobe on the epistome posterior margin, a narrowly triangular male pleon, and a short G2 (Figs. 2 A���F, 3D, E, H, J, K, O, P, 4A���E; see Bahir & Yeo 2007: figs. 4A, D, 5A���C; Pati et al. 2017: figs. 11a���c, h, 12a, d, 13a���c, h, 14a, d). While they share many features of the carapace and gonopods, the flagellum on the exopod of the third maxilliped shows considerable variations. The flagellum on the third maxilliped exopod is altogether absent in A. cochleariformis (Fig. 3N) whereas it is distinct but short in A. tumpikkai sp. nov., reaching nearly half the merus width (Fig. 3B). On the other hand, all the species of Cylindrotelphusa have a well-developed and relatively long flagellum on the third maxilliped exopod, which reaches up to 0.6���0.7 times the merus width (see Pati et al. 2017: figs. 11i, 13i). The variations in the length of the flagellum on the third maxilliped exopod could be associated with the ecological requirements of each species of Arcithelphusa and Cylindrotelphusa. According to Cumberlidge (1999), the presence of a long flagellum on the third maxilliped exopod of a crab is a plesiomorphic state, and the absence of the said flagellum is an apomorphic state, which is common in air-breathing crabs and mostly associated with the adaptations of the respiratory system by the relatively terrestrial species of freshwater crabs (see Ng & Shokita 1995). Cumberlidge (1999) also noted that this character is useful to distinguish some genera of the West African crabs. The presence or absence of a flagellum on the third maxilliped exopod, however, is not a reliable character to exclusively define Arcithelphusa and Cylindrotelphusa because the condition of the flagellum varies considerably among their species depending upon the habitat preferences. Huang (2018) recently found that some crab genera are strikingly similar in external morphology, and the use of the G1 characters alone could be problematic to define them. In these situations, he suggested using a combination of characters that are apparently under less environmental selective pressure, such as male pleon, G1, and female vulvae. Furthermore, a molecular study has now become necessary to support morphological data (see Shih et al. 2016; Huang 2018). Currently, no molecular data is available for Arcithelphusa and Cylindrotelphusa, and the female vulvae were not described for all the species. Their male pleon is quite similar in morphology. On the contrary, the G1 structure is a reliable character to set them apart. While the generic treatment of Arcithelphusa needs investigation based on morphological and molecular data, we still continue to recognize the genus and provide here an emended diagnosis to accommodate both A. cochleariformis and A. tumpikkai sp. nov. Arcithelphusa can be now distinguished from Cylindrotelphusa by the following suite of characters: the anterolateral margins of the carapace lack distinct serrations (Figs. 2A, D, 4A, D) (vs. with distinct serrations; see Bahir & Yeo 2007: fig. 5A; Pati et al. 2017: figs. 11a, 13a); the third maxilliped exopod lacks a flagellum (Fig. 3N) or with a short flagellum that reaches half the merus width (Fig. 3B) (vs. with a well-developed flagellum that reaches beyond half the merus width; see Pati et al. 2017: figs. 11i, 13i); the chelipeds are relatively smooth (Figs. 2 A���F, 4A���F) (vs. rugose; see Bahir & Yeo 2007: fig. 5A���C; Pati et al. 2017: figs. 11a, c, d, 13a, c, d); the G1 is relatively stout with a large flexible zone (Fig. 3 E���G, J, O) (vs. relatively slender with a reduced flexible zone; see Bahir & Yeo 2007: fig. 4A���C; Pati et al. 2017: figs. 12a���c, 14a���c); the G1 terminal segment is relatively short, ca. 0.3���0.4 times the length of the subterminal segment (Fig. 3E, J, O) (vs. relatively long, ca. 0.4���0.6 times the length of the subterminal segment; see Bahir & Yeo 2007: fig. 4A; Pati et al. 2017: figs. 12a, 14a); the G1 subterminal segment is relatively stout, with a strongly convex outer margin at the basal half (Fig. 3E, F, J, O) (vs. relatively slender, with a straight to gently convex outer margin at the basal half; see Bahir & Yeo 2007: fig. 4A, B; Pati et al. 2017: figs. 12a, c, 14a, c). Distribution. The genus is endemic to the Western Ghats of India and known only from Wayanad district of Kerala (Fig. 1)., Published as part of Pati, S. K., Sujila, P. S. & Devi, A. R. Sudha, 2019, Description of a new species of freshwater crab of the genus Arcithelphusa Pati & Sudha Devi, 2015 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Western Ghats, Kerala, India, pp. 203-214 in Zootaxa 4674 (2) on pages 205-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4674.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3458925, {"references":["Pati, S. K. & Sudha Devi, A. R. (2015 a) Description of a new genus and new species of freshwater crab (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Western Ghats, Kerala India. Zoological Studies, 54, 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 40555 - 015 - 0112 - 0","Pati, S. K., Rajesh, L., Raj, S., Sheeja, V. U., Kumar, A. B. & Sureshan, P. M. (2017) Karkata, a new genus of gecarcinucid freshwater crab with two new species, and four new species of Pilarta Bahir and Yeo, 2007 and Cylindrotelphusa Alcock, 1909 (Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India. Journal of Natural History, 51 (23 - 24), 1295 - 1330. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2017.1324054","Rajesh, L., Raj, S., Pati, S. K. & Biju Kumar, A. (2017) The freshwater crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) of Kerala, India. Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 5, 132 - 153.","Pati, S. K. & Thackeray, T. (2018) The freshwater crab genera Ghatiana Pati & Sharma, Gubernatoriana Bott, and Inglethelphusa Bott (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) revisited, with descriptions of a new genus and eleven new species. Zootaxa, 4440 (1), 1 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4440.1.1","Bahir, M. M. & Yeo, D. C. J. (2007) The gecarcinucid freshwater crabs of southern India (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 16 (Supplement), 309 - 354.","Cumberlidge, N. (1999) The freshwater crabs of West Africa. Family Potamonautidae. Faune et Flore Tropicales 35. Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Paris, 382 pp.","Ng, P. K. L. & Shokita, S. (1995) Ryukyum, a new genus of terrestrial crab from the Ryukyu Islands (Brachyura: Potamidae). Crustacean Research, 24, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.18353 / crustacea. 24.0 _ 1","Huang, C. (2018) Revision of Yarepotamon Dai & Turkay, 1997 (Brachyura: Potamidae), freshwater crabs endemic to southern China, with descriptions of two new genera and four new species. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 38 (2), 173 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jcbiol / rux 120","Shih, H. - T., Huang, C. & Ng, P. K. L. (2016) A re-appraisal of the widely-distributed freshwater crab genus Sinopotamon Bott, 1967, from China, with establishment of a new genus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Potamidae). Zootaxa, 4138 (2), 309 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4138.2.5"]}

Pati, S. K., Rajesh, L., Raj, Smrithy, Sheeja, V. U., Kumar, A. Biju, Sureshan, P. M. (2017): Karkata, a new genus of gecarcinucid freshwater crab with two new species, and four new species of Pilarta Bahir and Yeo, 2007 and Cylindrotelphusa Alcock, 1909 (Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (23-24): 1295-1330, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1324054, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1324054

Cylindrotelphusa Alcock, 1909 Cylindrotelphusa Alcock 1909: 380, 1910a: 259, 1910b: 124; Colosi 1920: 11; Chace 1942: 226; Bott 1969: 360, 1970: 28; Bahir and Yeo 2007: 314; Ng et al. 2008: 67 Cylindrotelphusa – Balss 1957: 1645 Type species Gecarcinucus (Cylindrotelphusa) steniops Alcock, 1909, by original designation. Diagnosis (revised from Bahir and Yeo 2007) Carapace slightly broader than long (cw/cl = ca. 1.2–1.3), deep (ch/cl = ca. 0.7–0.9); dorsal surface strongly convex; anterolateral margin distinctly serrated; frontal margin narrow (fw/cw = ca. 0.25); postorbital cristae indistinct or well developed; external orbital angle low, indistinct or triangular, distinct, outer margin same length as inner margin; epibranchial tooth indistinct or very small, blunt; postorbital region gently to strongly concave; branchial regions highly inflated; mesogastric groove long, bifurcated posteriorly; H-shaped groove visible; frontal median triangle with dorsal margin only; epistome posterior margin with prominent, triangular median lobe (Figures 11 (a,b) and 13(a,b); see Pillai 1951, fig. 3; Bahir and Yeo 2007, fig. 5(a,b)). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 visible as shallow depression, suture between sternites s3/s4 visible as shallow or deep, broad groove, reaching lateral margins or only visible as lateral grooves (Figures 11 (c,g) and 13(c,g); see Bahir and Yeo 2007, fig. 5(c)). Male abdomen narrowly triangular; fifth abdominal somite distinctly broader than long; sixth abdominal somite broader than long; telson narrowly triangular, with distinctly concave lateral margins (Figures 11 (c,h) and 13(c,h); see Bahir and Yeo 2007, fig. 5(c)). Third maxilliped exopod with well developed flagellum (Figures 11 (i) and 13(i)). G1 long, slender or stout; terminal segment nearly straight or distinctly curved, short or very long, ca. 0.4–0.6 times length of subterminal segment (Figures 12 (a–c) and 14(a–c); see Bahir and Yeo 2007, fig. 4(a–c)). G2 short, with short distal segment, ca. 0.2–0.3 times length of basal segment (Figures 12 (d) and 14(d); see Bahir and Yeo 2007, fig. 4(d)). Remarks Cylindrotelphusa can be differentiated from other Indian gecarcinucids by the following suite of carapace and gonopod characters: carapace highly arched with a narrow front; anterolateral margin with distinct serrations; external orbital angle either low or triangular, with a very short outer margin, same length as the inner margin; frontal median triangle with dorsal margin only; third maxilliped exopod with a well developed flagellum; G2 distal segment short, ca. 0.2–0.3 times the length of the basal segment (Figures 11 (a,b,i), 12(d), 13(a,b,i) and 14(d); see Pillai 1951, fig. 3; Bahir and Yeo 2007, figs 4(d) and 5(a,b)). Until the present work, Cylindrotelphusa was considered to be monotypic (Bahir and Yeo 2007; Ng et al. 2008). This is now not the case because two more species, C. breviphallus sp. nov. and C. longiphallus sp. nov., are described here. Formerly, Pillai (1951) had described a variety of Cylindrotelphusa as Gecarcinucus (Cylindrotelphusa) steniops var. granulata from North Paravur (= Parur in north Travancore) of Ernakulam district, Kerala. The first author (SKP) has tried without success to locate the types, supposedly deposited in two depositories: the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, and the University of Kerala (previously University of Travancore), Thiruvananthapuram. One of the present authors (VUS) tried to collect these crabs from the type locality, but without success because most of the habitat of this species (low-lying paddy fields) has now been converted into aquaculture ponds. The species might be extirpated from this area, and its extinction risk status is unclear. The variety described by Pillai (1951) is regarded here as a valid species of Cylindrotelphusa because it possesses distinct features of the carapace, including a significant suite of characters: carapace deep (ch/cl = 0.8); anterolateral margin with distinct serrations; frontal margin narrow (fw/cw = 0.25), finely granular, nearly straight; epigastric cristae almost indistinct; postorbital cristae indistinct; external orbital angle low, indistinct; epibranchial tooth indistinct; cervical grooves extending beyond postorbital cristae up to external orbital angle; sixth male abdominal somite with straight lateral margins; male telson as long as broad; third maxilliped exopod with well developed flagellum. Therefore, Cylindrotelphusa granulata (Pillai, 1951) comb. et stat. nov. is here recognised as a distinct species. Currently, four species of Cylindrotelphusa are known: C. breviphallus sp. nov., C. granulata (Pillai, 1951), C. longiphallus sp. nov., and C. steniops (Alcock, 1909). Ecological notes Cylindrotelphusa occupies a wide array of habitats from low-lying paddy fields to hill streams. Generally, these crabs live in deep and interconnecting burrows adjacent to water bodies. Geographic distribution Cylindrotelphusa is endemic to the southern Indian states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The genus is distributed in Ernakulam, Kollam, Kozhikode, Idukki, Thiruvananthapuram and Thrissur districts of Kerala, and Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu (Alcock 1910b; Pillai 1951; Bott 1970; Bahir and Yeo 2007; Pati et al. 2014). It is also reported from few localities of the Western Ghats (Bahir and Yeo 2007)., Published as part of Pati, S. K., Rajesh, L., Raj, Smrithy, Sheeja, V. U., Kumar, A. Biju & Sureshan, P. M., 2017, Karkata, a new genus of gecarcinucid freshwater crab with two new species, and four new species of Pilarta Bahir and Yeo, 2007 and Cylindrotelphusa Alcock, 1909 (Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, pp. 1295-1330 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (23 - 24) on pages 1317-1322, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1324054, http://zenodo.org/record/5181848, {"references":["Alcock A. 1909. Diagnoses of new species and varieties of freshwater crabs. No. 4. Rec Indian Mus. 3: 375 - 381.","Alcock A. 1910 a. On the classification of the Potamonidae (Telphusidae). Rec Indian Mus. 5: 253 - 261.","Alcock A. 1910 b. Catalogue of the Indian decapod Crustacea in the collection of the Indian Museum. Part I. Brachyura. Fasciculus II. The Indian fresh-water crabs - Potamonidae. Calcutta: Indian Museum.","Colosi G. 1920. I Potamonidi del R. Museo Zoologico di Torino. Boll Mus Zool Anat Comp. 35: 1 - 39.","Chace FA, Jr. 1942. III. Decapod Crustacea. In: Scientific results of a fourth expedition to forested areas in eastern Africa. Bull Mus Comp Zool. 91: 185 - 233.","Bott R. 1969. Flusskrabben aus Asien und ihre Klassifikation (Crustacea, Decapoda). Senckenbergiana Biol. 50: 359 - 366.","Bott R. 1970. Die Susswasserkrabben von Europa, Asien, Australien und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Eine Revision der Potamoidea und der Parathelphusoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Abh Senckenb Naturforsch Ges. 526: 1 - 338.","Bahir MM, Yeo DCJ. 2007. The gecarcinucid freshwater crabs of southern India (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Raffles Bull Zool. Suppl. No. 16: 309 - 354.","Ng PKL, Guinot D, Davie PFJ. 2008. Systema Brachyurorum: part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bull Zool. 17: 1 - 286.","Balss H. 1957. Decapoda. VIII: systematik. In: Bronn HG, editor. Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs. Funfter Band, I. Abteilung Vol. 7. Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Geest & Portig K. - G. p. 1505 - 1672.","Pillai N. 1951. Decapoda (Brachyura) from Travancore. Bull Cent Res Inst Univ Travancore Series C Nat Sci. 2: 1 - 46."]}

Ghatiana splendida n. sp. (Figs. 5, 6) Type material. INDIA: adult male, holotype (cw 20.14 mm, cl 14.84 mm, ch 10.32 mm, fw 8.04 mm), Near Khamada Temple, Chaukul, ca. 10 km south east of Amboli, Sawantwadi taluk, Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra (15.878° N and 74.031° E), altitude 853 m, 7 July 2015, coll. Tejas Thackeray (ZSI, WRC-C.1511); paratypes, two males (cw 15.60–19.52 mm, cl 11.68–14.48 mm, ch 8.58–10.10 mm, fw 6.24–8.04 mm) and two females (cw 14.66–17.12 mm, cl 11.00– 12.46 mm, ch 7.56–9.60 mm, fw 5.60–6.70 mm), same collection data as holotype (ZSI, WRC-C.1512). Diagnosis. Carapace slightly broader than long (cw/cl = 1.3–1.4), highly arched (ch/cl = 0.69–0.77), narrow posteriorly; dorsal surface entirely smooth, deep pink coloured; anterolateral margin long, curved, smooth, entire or cristate; posterolateral margin with short, indistinct, oblique striations; front vertically deflexed, broad (fw/cw = 0.4); epigastric cristae distinct, low, broad, blunt; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle low, indistinct; epibranchial tooth indistinct; frontal median triangle incomplete; epistomal median lobe with rounded apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 5A, B). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves (Figs. 5C, F). Male abdomen long, T-shaped; sixth abdominal somite longer than broad, with lateral margins gently diverging distally; telson long (Figs. 5C, G). G1 slightly curved outwards; terminal article straight, cylindrical, long, ca. 0.45 times length of subterminal segment (Figs. 6A–C). G2 terminal article very short or vestigial (Fig. 6D). Description of holotype. Carapace slightly broader than long (cw/cl = 1.4), highly arched (ch/cl = 0.70), narrow posteriorly; dorsal surface entirely smooth except for few indistinct striations on lateral sides; anterolateral carapace inflated in frontal view; anterolateral margin long, curved, smooth, entire; posterolateral margin with short, indistinct, oblique striations; front depressed at middle, vertically deflexed, broad (fw/cw = 0.4); frontal margin straight; epigastric cristae distinct, low, broad, blunt; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle low, indistinct; epibranchial tooth indistinct or visible as weak notch; postorbital region shallow; branchial regions inflated, almost smooth; subhepatic region with fine striations; cervical grooves indistinct; mesogastric groove long, deep, wide, extending towards frontal region, bifurcate posteriorly; H-groove faintly visible; frontal median triangle incomplete with only dorsal margin; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with rounded apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 5A, B). Chelipeds smooth, unequal; left chela much larger; each finger of major cheliped with only six or seven distinct, blunt teeth, fingers meeting only at tip, leaving large gape (Fig. 5D); dactylus of major cheliped equal in length to palm; palm almost as high as long; carpal spine distinct, blunt; carpus devoid of bristles; outer surface of merus slightly rugose. Ambulatory legs (p2–p5) long with fine, small tuft of brownish bristles mostly on margins; dactylus (p3–p5) longer than propodus; longest propodus (p3) 2.5 times as long as broad (Fig. 5E). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves; s1–s4 sparsely setose (Figs. 5C, F). Male abdomen elongated, T-shaped; fifth abdominal somite broader than long with concave lateral margins, distal width shorter than proximal width; sixth abdominal somite longer than broad, with lateral margins gently diverging distally, proximal width equal to distal width; telson elongated, broadly rounded at apex; male sternoabdominal cavity deep, conspicuously long, extending much beyond level of bases of third maxillipeds (Figs. 5C, G). Mandibular palp with two joints, terminal joint bilobed; exopods of first, second maxillipeds with long flagellum; exopod of third maxilliped lacking flagellum, longer than ischium; ventral sulcus on ischium indistinct; merus quadrangular, slightly depressed, anterior external angle of merus right angled (Fig. 5H). G1 short, slightly curved outwards; terminal article straight, cylindrical, long, ca. 0.45 times length of subterminal segment, tip pointed; subterminal segment broader than terminal article, basal half broader than distal half (Figs. 6A–C). G2 short with very short or vestigial terminal article; proximal half of basal segment distinctly broader than distal half (Fig. 6D). Live colour. Carapace and chelipeds are deep pink, and ambulatory legs are orange (Figs. 2B, 5A). Paratypes. Paratype specimens are almost identical to the holotype in carapace morphology and gonopod structures. All paratypes except the larger male (ZSI, WRC- C.1512) have a cristate anterolateral margin and visible epibranchial tooth. Major chelipeds of the female paratypes have a higher number (9 or 10) of distinct, blunt teeth, and the gape formed between their fingers is smaller than that of the holotype and male paratypes. Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin splendidus meaning ‘gorgeous or splendid’, referring to striking deep pink colour of the carapace and chelipeds. Type locality. Chaukul, ca. 10 km south east of Amboli, Sawantwadi taluk, Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra (15.878° N and 74.031° E) (altitude 853 m). Remarks. The colour pattern of G. splendida n. sp. is unique among congeners i.e. carapace and chelipeds are deep pink, and ambulatory legs are orange (Figs. 2B, 5A). Ghatiana splendida n. sp. can be differentiated among congeners by the following suite of characters: carapace with long anterolateral margin; epistomal median lobe with rounded apex; male thoracic sternites s1, s2 sparsely setose; sixth male abdominal somite with lateral margins gently diverging distally; G1 terminal article short, ca. 0.45 times the length of the subterminal segment (Figs. 5A– C, F, G, 6A). While many morphological features and gonopod structures of G. splendida n. sp. and G. aurantiaca appear superficially similar, the two species are nevertheless distinguished by the contrasting colours of the ambulatory legs (orange) and carapace, chelipeds (deep pink), long anterolateral margin, sparsely setose male thoracic sternites s1, s2, and distally, gently diverging lateral margins of the sixth male abdominal somite of the former (Figs. 2B, 5A, F, G) as compared to the uniform orange-red body colour, short anterolateral margin, heavily setose male thoracic sternites s1, s2, and distally, gently converging lateral margins of the sixth male abdominal somite of the latter (see Pati & Sharma 2014a: figs. 2A, C, 3A, B, 8A). Ecological notes. Ghatiana splendida n. sp. was observed either foraging or resting in crevices of basaltic rock formations along the slopes of a vast mountain plateau (T. Thackeray, unpublished data). Some individuals were found to share the same crevice. Crevices and holes contained rainwater. Mountain plateau is exposed to strong wind and heavy rainfall during the monsoon, but remain quite dry during rest of the year. Therefore, moist crevices of the natural rock formations might be the hiding place for this species in adverse conditions. Geographical distribution. Ghatiana splendida n. sp. is known only from the type locality, Chaukul near Amboli in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra. Individuals were also seen near the Hiranyakeshwar Temple, approximately 3 km south east Amboli during January 2010 (K. Patil, personal communication).

Gubernatoriana alcocki Pati n. sp. (Figs. 7, 8) Type material. INDIA: adult male, holotype (cw 12.2 mm, cl 9.66 mm, ch 6.1 mm, fw 4.6 mm), Vankusawade, near Ghanbi Vatole, Patan taluk, Satara district, Maharashtra (17.449° N and 73.829° E), altitude 1082 m, 22 July 2014, coll. S.S. Kamble & Party (ZSI, WRC-C.1513); paratypes, two males (cw 13.72–14.76 mm, cl 10.92–11.78 mm, ch 7.24–7.76 mm, fw 5.30–5.68 mm) and two females (cw 11.30–13.72 mm, cl 8.94–10.92 mm, ch 5.98–7.24 mm, fw 4.56–5.30 mm), same collection data as holotype (ZSI, WRC-C.1514). Diagnosis. Carapace quadrate (cw/cl = 1.3); dorsal surface smooth, olive-brown coloured; anterolateral margin short, smooth, cristiform; posterolateral margin slightly convergent, with fine, oblique striations; front strongly deflexed, narrow (fw/cw = 0.4); epigastric cristae faintly visible; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle triangular, distinct, with long outer margin, ca. 2 times length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth visible as weak notch; frontal median triangle incomplete; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with acute apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 7A, B). Finger tips of chelipeds pointed (Fig. 7D). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves (Figs. 7C, F). Male abdomen narrowly T-shaped; sixth abdominal somite slightly broader than long, nearly equal to telson length; telson short; male sternoabdominal cavity deep, long, extending beyond level of bases of third maxillipeds (Figs. 7C, G). G1 with slender, cone-shaped, long terminal article, ca. 0.4 times length of subterminal segment, tip slightly curving inwards (Figs. 8A–C). G2 with very short or vestigial terminal article (Fig. 8D). Description of holotype. Carapace quadrate (cw/cl = 1.3); dorsal surface smooth; anterolateral carapace gently inflated in frontal view; anterolateral margin short, smooth, cristiform; posterolateral margin slightly convergent, with fine, oblique striations; front strongly deflexed, square cut, nearly flat, frontal margin slightly concave, narrow (fw/cw = 0.4); epigastric cristae faintly visible, smooth; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle triangular, distinct, with long outer margin, ca. 2 times length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth visible as weak notch; postorbital region shallow; branchial regions gently inflated; subhepatic region slightly rugose; cervical grooves indistinct; mesogastric groove long, with bifurcation posteriorly; H-groove visible, shallow; frontal median triangle incomplete; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with acute apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 7A, B). Chelipeds unequal; right chela larger, smooth, fingers with two or three larger teeth, distinct gape when finger tips in contact (Fig. 7D); length of dactylus greater than length of upper margin of palm; carpal spine small, blunt; outer surface of merus rugose. Ambulatory legs (p2–p5) long with fine, long tuft of brownish bristles on anterior margin of merus, carpus, propodus, dactylus, posterior margin of propodus, dactylus; dactylus (p2–p5) slightly longer than propodus; longest propodus (p3) two times as long as broad (Fig. 7E). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves (Figs. 7C, F). Male abdomen narrowly T-shaped; fifth abdominal somite distinctly broader than long, with concave lateral margins; sixth abdominal somite slightly broader than long, nearly equal in length to telson, with slightly concave lateral margins; telson short, broadly triangular with almost straight outer margins; male sternoabdominal cavity deep, long, extending beyond level of bases of third maxillipeds (Figs. 7C, G). Mandibular palp with two joints, terminal joint bilobed; exopods of first, second maxillipeds with long flagellum; exopod of third maxilliped lacking flagellum, longer than ischium; ventral sulcus on ischium distinct, subparallel to inner margin; merus with rounded anterior external angle, depression towards inner sides (Fig. 7H). G1 with slender, cone-shaped, long terminal article, ca. 0.4 times length of subterminal segment, tip broad, slightly curving inwards, joint between terminal article, subterminal segment clear; subterminal segment broader than terminal article, basal half broader than distal half (Figs. 8A–C). G2 conspicuously short with very short or vestigial terminal article; proximal half portion of basal segment much stouter than distal half portion (Fig. 8D). Live colour. Live crabs are olive-brown but their hands are orange-brown (Figs. 2C, 7A). Paratypes. Paratypes are identical to the holotype in all morphological features barring females (ZSI, WRC- C.1514), in which chelipeds are almost equal, their fingers have 12 to 14 small, blunt teeth, and the gape between fingers is comparatively small. Etymology. Species is named in the honour of British physician, naturalist, and carcinologist Major Dr. Alfred William Alcock. Type locality. Vankusawade, near Ghanbi Vatole, Patan taluk, Satara district, Maharashtra (17.449° N and 73.829° E) (altitude 1082 m). Remarks. Gubernatoriana alcocki n. sp. is similar to its congeners except G. basalticola by the presence of following suite of morphological characters: carapace quadrate (cw/cl = 1.1–1.3), posterolateral margin nearly straight to slightly convergent, frontal margin narrow (fw/cw = 0.3–0.4), epistomal median lobe with an acute apex, telson short, and G2 terminal article very short or vestigial (Figs. 7A–C, G, 8D). A diagnostic feature of G. alcocki n. sp. is the inwardly curved tip of the G1 terminal article (Figs. 8A, C). Otherwise, G. triangulus and G. gubernatoris are more similar to G. alcocki n. sp. among congeners due their long G1 terminal article, ca. 0.4–0.5 times the length of the subterminal segment (see Pati & Sharma 2014a: fig. 7E for G. triangulus; Pati & Sharma 2014b: pl. VII, fig. 7D for G. gubernatoris). The terminal article of the G1 of G. basalticola, G. pilosipes, G. thackerayi n. sp. and G. waghi n. sp. is short, ca. 0.3–0.35 times the length of the subterminal segment (Fig. 10A for G. thackerayi, Fig. 12A for G. waghi; see Klaus et al. 2014: fig. 3D for G. basalticola; Pati & Sharma 2014b: pl. VIII, fig. 8D for G. pilosipes). While the male sternoabdominal cavity of G. alcocki n. sp. and G. triangulus is long, extending beyond the level of the third maxilliped bases (Fig. 7C; see Pati & Sharma 2014a: fig. 6C for G. triangulus), that of the G. gubernatoris is short, extending beyond the level of the cheliped bases (see Pati & Sharma 2014b: pl. VII, fig. 7C). The distal portion of the G1 terminal article is distinctly broader than its proximal portion, and the subterminal segment appears slimmer in G. alcocki n. sp. (Fig. 8A) when compared to the distinctly narrow distal portion of the G1 terminal article, and stout, triangular appearance of the subterminal segment of G. triangulus (see Pati & Sharma 2014a: fig. 7E for G. triangulus). Furthermore, G. alcocki n. sp. can be distinguished from G. triangulus by the triangular, distinct exorbital angle (Fig. 7A) [vs. low, indistinct exorbital angle (see Pati & Sharma 2014a: fig. 6A)] and from G. gubernatoris by the long outer margin of the exorbital angle (Fig. 7A) [vs. short outer margin of the exorbital angle (see Pati & Sharma 2014b: pl. VII, fig. 7A for G. gubernatoris)]. Gubernatoriana basalticola has some unique morphological features [strongly transverse carapace (cw/cl = 1.8), distinctly convergent posterolateral margin, conspicuously broad frontal margin (fw/cw = 0.7), massive major chela, and elongated G2 terminal article (see Klaus et al. 2014: figs. 3A–C)] that neither its congeners nor its related genera (Ghatiana Pati & Sharma, 2014 and Inglethelphusa Bott, 1970) possess, and this supports recognizing the taxon as a new genus (Klaus et al. 2014). Molecular studies are suggested to solve the problem. Ecological notes. Specimens of G. alcocki n. sp. were collected beneath medium sized (25–35 mm) pebbles in ephemeral streams and from the adjacent rock formations on a high mountain plateau. This species might be confined to high altitude areas of the Western Ghats since the species is not so far recorded from mountain crests or slopes (S.K. Pati, unpublished data). Individuals were found in association with Bombay Swampeel, Monopterus cf. indicus (Silas & Dawson, 1961). The new species and the eel are abundant at Vankusawade, which is the breeding ground for both. On one occasion, an eel was observed preying upon a crab (B.V. Jadhav, personal communication). Due to the small size of juvenile eels, crabs might also be predating on these young eels. Crabs are generally found in large numbers on the mountain plateau during the monsoon (June to September), but large populations were seen even during dry seasons. Geographical distribution. Gubernatoriana alcocki n. sp. is known only from the type locality, Vankusawade near Ghanbi Vatole in Satara district of Maharashtra.

Gubernatoriana waghi Pati n. sp. (Figs. 11, 12) Type material. INDIA: adult male, holotype (cw 16.64 mm, cl 12.90 mm, ch 8.00 mm, fw 6.58 mm), On the trekking route for Harishchandragad from Paachnai, Akole taluk, Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra (19.404° N and 73.780° E), altitude 1065 m, 1 October 2014, coll. P.L. Wagh (ZSI, WRC-C.1517); paratypes, three males (cw 13.12–15.36 mm, cl 9.82–11.74 mm, ch 6.08–7.88 mm, fw 5.16–5.96 mm), same collection data as holotype (ZSI, WRC-C.1518). Diagnosis. Carapace quadrate (cw/cl = 1.3); dorsal surface smooth, burnt orange coloured; anterolateral margin short, smooth, cristiform; posterolateral margin slightly convergent, with fine, oblique striations; front strongly deflexed, narrow (fw/cw = 0.4); epigastric cristae faintly visible; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle triangular, distinct, with long outer margin, ca. 2 times length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth visible as weak notch; frontal median triangle incomplete; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with acute apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 11A, B). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves (Figs. 11C, F). Male abdomen narrowly T-shaped; sixth abdominal somite slightly broader than long, nearly equal to telson length; telson short; male sternoabdominal cavity deep, long, extending beyond level of bases of third maxillipeds (Figs. 11C, G). G1 with slender, cone-shaped, short terminal article, ca. 0.3 times length of subterminal segment, with distal portion slightly curved inwards, tip straight (Figs. 12A–C). G2 with very short or vestigial terminal article (Fig. 12D). Description of holotype. Carapace quadrate (cw/cl = 1.3); dorsal surface smooth; anterolateral carapace gently inflated in frontal view; anterolateral margin short, smooth, cristiform; posterolateral margin slightly convergent, with fine, oblique striations; front strongly deflexed, squarecut, nearly flat, frontal margin straight, narrow (fw/cw = 0.4); epigastric cristae faintly visible, smooth; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle triangular, distinct, with long outer margin, ca. 2 times length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth visible as weak notch; postorbital region shallow; branchial regions gently inflated; subhepatic region slightly rugose; cervical grooves indistinct; mesogastric groove long, with slight bifurcation posteriorly; H-groove visible, shallow; frontal median triangle incomplete; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with acute apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 11A, B). Chelipeds unequal; right chela larger, smooth, fingers with two or three larger teeth, distinct gape when tips in contact (Fig. 11D); length of dactylus greater than length of upper margin of palm; carpal spine small, blunt; outer surface of merus rugose. Ambulatory legs (p2–p5) long with fine, long tuft of brownish bristles with yellowish tips on anterior, posterior margins of propodus, dactylus; dactylus (p2–p5) slightly longer than propodus; longest propodus (p3) two times as long as broad (Fig. 11E). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves (Figs. 11C, F). Male abdomen narrowly T-shaped; fifth abdominal somite distinctly broader than long, with concave lateral margins; sixth abdominal somite slightly broader than long, nearly equal in length to telson, with slightly concave lateral margins; telson short, broadly triangular with almost straight outer margins; male sternoabdominal cavity deep, long, extending beyond level of bases of third maxillipeds (Figs. 11C, G). Mandibular palp with two joints, terminal joint bilobed; exopods of first, second maxillipeds with long flagellum; exopod of third maxilliped lacking flagellum, longer than ischium; ventral sulcus on ischium faint; merus with rounded anterior external angle, depression towards inner sides (Fig. 11H). G1 with slender, cone-shaped, short terminal article, ca. 0.3 times length of subterminal segment, with distal portion slightly curved inwards, tip broad, straight, joint between terminal article, subterminal segment clear; subterminal segment distinctly broader than terminal article, basal two-thirds distinctly broader than distal onethird (Figs. 12A–C). G2 conspicuously short with very short or vestigial terminal article; proximal half portion of basal segment much stouter than distal half portion (Fig. 12D). Live colour. Carapace is burnt orange, and chelipeds and ambulatory legs are ivory coloured (Fig. 2E). Paratypes. Paratypes are consistent with the holotype in carapace and gonopod features except for the smallest male (ZSI, WRC- C.1518), which has three or four larger teeth on the fingers of the major cheliped. Etymology. Species is named after its collector Dr. Prashant Wagh, zoologist. Type locality. Between Harishchandragad and Paachnai, Akole taluk, Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra (19.404° N and 73.780° E) (altitude 1065 m). Remarks. Gubernatoriana waghi n. sp. shares many morphological and gonopod features with its congeners. Nevertheless, G. waghi n. sp. can be distinguished from them by the following suite of characters: carapace quadrate-shaped; frontal margin narrow; tips of the cheliped fingers pointed; G1 terminal article short; G2 terminal article very short or vestigial (Figs. 11A, B, D, 12A, D). In live crabs, the colour pattern is diagnostic, burnt orange carapace and ivory coloured chelipeds and ambulatory legs (Fig. 2E). Gubernatoriana waghi n. sp. is more similar to G. triangulus in the structure of its G1 due to proportionately stouter appearance of the subterminal segment as compared to the terminal article (Fig. 12A; see Pati & Sharma 2014a: fig. 7E for G. triangulus). Gubernatoriana waghi n. sp. can be easily differentiated from G. triangulus by its short G1 terminal article, ca. 0.3 times the length of the subterminal segment (vs. long G1 terminal article, ca. 0.5 times the length of the subterminal segment) and inwardly curved distal portion of the terminal article (vs. outwardly curved distal portion of the terminal article) (Figs. 12A, C; see Pati & Sharma 2014a: figs. 7E, G for G. triangulus). The G1 structure of G. waghi n. sp. is almost identical to that of G. pilosipes as both have a short G1 terminal article (Fig. 12A; see Pati & Sharma 2014b: pl. VIII, fig. 8D for G. pilosipes). However, Gubernatoriana waghi n. sp. is immediately distinguished from G. pilosipes by its pointed cheliped fingers (vs. broadly rounded or spoon tipped cheliped fingers) and long male sternoabdominal cavity, extending beyond the level of third maxilliped bases (vs. short male sternoabdominal cavity, extending beyond the level of cheliped bases) (Figs. 11C, D; see Bott 1970: pl. 34, fig. 34 and Pati & Sharma 2014b: pl. VIII, fig. 8C for G. pilosipes). Ecological notes. Individuals were collected under stones and small boulders of a narrow passage on the edge of mountain cliffs. Crabs may also occur inside the crevices of mountain cliffs. Geographical distribution. Gubernatoriana waghi n. sp. is known only from the type locality, Harishchandragad in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra. This species was seen in Pune district from Malshej Ghat, which is about 7 km south of Harishchandragad (R. Shah, personal communication). Its occurrence in other parts of the Western Ghats with similar habitats, i.e. mountain cliffs, is possible.

Gubernatoriana thackerayi Pati n. sp. (Figs. 9, 10) Type material. INDIA: adult male, holotype (cw 9.58 mm, cl 7.82 mm, ch 4.14 mm, fw 3.40 mm), Raghuvir Ghat, ca. 3 km south west of Shindi village, Khed taluk, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra (17.698�� N and 73.589�� E), altitude 499 m, 5 July 2015, coll. Tejas Thackeray (ZSI, WRC-C.1515); paratypes, one male (cw 10.16 mm, cl 7.90 mm, ch 4.48 mm, fw 3.52 mm) and seven females (cw 10.50���13.10 mm, cl 8.28���10.02 mm, ch 4.80���5.70 mm, fw 3.62���4.32 mm), same collection data as holotype (ZSI, WRC-C.1516). Diagnosis. Carapace quadrate (cw/cl = 1.2���1.3); dorsal surface smooth, violet-red coloured; anterolateral margin short, smooth, cristiform; posterolateral margin slightly convergent, with fine, oblique striations; front strongly deflexed, narrow (fw/cw = 0.33���0.4); epigastric cristae faintly visible; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle triangular, distinct, with long outer margin, ca. 2 times length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth visible as weak notch; frontal median triangle incomplete; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with acute apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 9A, B). Fingers of chelipeds broadly rounded or spoon tipped (Fig. 9D). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves (Figs. 9C, F). Male abdomen narrowly T-shaped; sixth abdominal somite slightly broader than long, nearly equal to telson length; telson short; male sternoabdominal cavity deep, long, extending beyond level of bases of third maxillipeds (Figs. 9C, G). G1 with stout, cone-shaped, short terminal article, ca. 0.33 times length of subterminal segment, tip straight (Figs. 10A���C). G2 with very short or vestigial terminal article (Fig. 10D). Description of holotype. Carapace quadrate (cw/cl = 1.2); dorsal surface smooth; anterolateral carapace gently inflated in frontal view; anterolateral margin short, smooth, cristiform; posterolateral margin slightly convergent, with fine, oblique striations; front strongly deflexed, squarecut, nearly flat, frontal margin nearly straight, narrow (fw/cw = 0.4); epigastric cristae faintly visible, smooth; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle triangular, distinct, with long outer margin, ca. 2 times length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth visible as weak notch; postorbital region shallow; branchial regions gently inflated; subhepatic region smooth; cervical grooves indistinct; mesogastric groove long, extending to frontal region, with slight bifurcation posteriorly; Hgroove visible, shallow; frontal median triangle incomplete; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with acute apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 9A, B). Chelipeds unequal; left chela slightly larger, smooth; teeth on fingers small, blunt, rounded; small gape when tips of major chela in contact; fingers of chelipeds broadly rounded or spoon tipped (Fig. 9D); length of dactylus greater than length of upper margin of palm; carpal spine small, blunt; outer surface of merus slightly rugose. Ambulatory legs (p2���p5) long with fine, long tuft of brownish bristles on anterior margin of carpus, propodus, dactylus, posterior margin of propodus, dactylus; dactylus (p2���p5) equal in length to propodus; longest propodus (p4) two times as long as broad (Fig. 9E). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves (Figs. 9C, F). Male abdomen narrowly T-shaped; fifth abdominal somite distinctly broader than long, with concave lateral margins; sixth abdominal somite slightly broader than long, nearly equal in length to telson, with slightly concave lateral margins; telson short, broadly triangular with almost straight outer margins; male sternoabdominal cavity deep, long, extending beyond level of bases of third maxillipeds (Figs. 9C, G). Mandibular palp with two joints, terminal joint bilobed; exopods of first, second maxillipeds with long flagellum; exopod of third maxilliped lacking flagellum, longer than ischium; ventral sulcus on ischium distinct, not parallel to inner margin; merus with rounded anterior external angle, depression towards inner sides (Fig. 9H). G1 with stout, cone-shaped, short terminal article, ca. 0.33 times length of subterminal segment, with straight tip, joint between terminal article, subterminal segment clear; subterminal segment broader than terminal article, basal two-thirds broader than distal one-third (Figs. 10A���C). G2 conspicuously short with very short or vestigial terminal article; proximal half portion of basal segment much stouter than distal half portion (Fig. 10D). Live colour. Carapace and ambulatory legs are violet-red, chelipeds orange-red (Fig. 2D). Specimens preserved in ethanol have red-orange carapace and ambulatory legs, and orange chelipeds (Fig. 9A). Paratypes. Paratypes are almost undistinguishable in morphology from the holotype. All the female paratypes (ZSI, WRC- C.1516) have chelipeds that are nearly equal in size. The sixth abdominal somite of the male paratype (ZSI, WRC- C.1516) has almost straight lateral margins. Etymology. The species is named after Mr. Tejas Thackeray, a wildlife conservationist and the collector of the type specimens. Type locality. Raghuvir Ghat, near Shindi village, Khed taluk, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra (17.698�� N and 73.589�� E) (altitude 499 m). Remarks. Gubernatoriana thackerayi n. sp. is exceptional amongst congeners due to its striking live colour pattern, with the carapace and ambulatory legs violet-red and orange-red chelipeds (Fig. 2D). Gubernatoriana thackerayi n. sp. can be also differentiated from its congeners by the stout, cone-shaped G1 terminal article (Figs. 10A, C). Gubernatoriana thackerayi n. sp. closely resembles its congeners in morphology, particularly G. pilosipes. The cheliped fingers of both species are broadly rounded or spoon tipped (Fig. 9D; see Bott 1970: pl. 34, fig. 34 for G. pilosipes). Gubernatoriana thackerayi n. sp. is easily distinguished from G. pilosipes by the comparatively short ambulatory legs (vs. comparatively long ambulatory legs), indistinct suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 (vs. visible suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3), long male sternoabdominal cavity, extending beyond the level of the third maxilliped bases (vs. short male sternoabdominal cavity, extending beyond the level of the cheliped bases), stout, cone-shaped terminal article (vs. slender, cone-shaped terminal article) (Figs. 9A, C, F, 10A, C; see Pati & Sharma 2014b: pl. VIII, figs. 8A���D). Ecological notes. Specimens were collected from interior of horizontal crevices along the slopes of natural rock formations. The possibility of water accumulation is much less due to the horizontal structure of the crevices. Few rainfed temporary streams were also flowing across the slopes. Crabs were seen active during the day time. Individuals were observed feeding on worms (T. Thackeray, unpublished data). Geographical distribution. Gubernatoriana thackerayi n. sp. is known only from the type locality, Raghuvir Ghat in Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra., Published as part of Pati, S. K., Thackeray, T. & Khaire, A., 2016, Five new species of freshwater crabs of the genera Ghatiana Pati & Sharma, 2014, and Gubernatoriana Bott, 1970 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae Rathbun, 1904) from the Western Ghats, India, pp. 569-586 in Zootaxa 4083 (4) on pages 580-583, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4083.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1053923, {"references":["Bott, R. (1970) Die Susswasserkrabben von Europa, Asien, Australien und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Eine Revision der Potamoidea und der Parathelphusoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 526, 1 - 338.","Pati, S. K. & Sharma, R. M. (2014 b) Freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) in the collection of the Western Regional Centre, Pune. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper, No. 363, 1 - 44. [published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata]"]}

Spiralothelphusa gibberosa n. sp. (Figs. 2, 3, 4) Type material. INDIA: adult male, holotype (cw 28.04 mm, cl 22.96 mm, ch 14.02 mm, fw 8.24 mm), Kizhoor, 2 km north west of Kunnamkulam, Thrissur district, Kerala (10.6549906 �� N and 76.0551461 �� E), altitude 56 m, 30 December 2013, coll. Preman (ZSI, WRC-C. 1186); paratypes, male (cw 27.88 mm, cl 22.56 mm, ch 14.00 mm, fw 9.96 mm) and female (cw 30.38 mm, cl 24.70 mm, ch 16.20 mm, fw 11.40 mm), same collection data as holotype (ZSI, WRC-C. 1187). Diagnosis. Carapace broad, smooth; anterolateral margin strongly convex; frontal margin 0.3 to 0.4 times carapace width, slightly concave at middle portion; epigastric cristae distinct, anterior to postorbital cristae; postorbital cristae sharp, distinctly curved, sloping posteriorly towards postorbital region, anteriorly towards lateral border; outer margin of external orbital angle twice in length to inner margin; epibranchial tooth distinct, sharp, slightly elevated from level of postorbital cristae; branchial regions inflated; frontal median triangle complete; epistomal median lobe with acute tooth; suture between male thoracic sternites S 2, S 3 hardly discernible, S 3, S 4 indiscernible; male abdomen narrowly triangular; sixth male abdominal somite broader than long, equal in length to telson, with slightly concave lateral margins (Figs. 2 A���C, 3 A���D). G 1 stout, with longitudinally twisted, long, distal portion, two-third length of non-twisted portion, twisted half turn clockwise, with numerous hairs, directed outwards; tip of twisted portion straight; non-twisted portion broad with distinctly setose hump on outer margin (Figs. 4 A���C). G 2 with long distal segment, 0.4 times length of basal segment (Fig. 4 D). Description of holotype. Carapace broad, prominently arched (ch/cw = 0.5), smooth; anterolateral margin strongly convex, first oblique striae on branchial region originates as cristae of anterolateral border, curving into branchial region at base of epibranchial region, strongest striae on lateral border; posterolateral margin with few fine, oblique, short striae; frontal margin narrow, one third of carapace width (fw/cw = 0.3), slightly concave at middle; epigastric cristae well developed, sharp, straight, anterior to postorbital cristae; postorbital cristae sharp, distinctly curved, sloping posteriorly towards postorbital region, anteriorly towards lateral border; external orbital angle outer margin twice in length to inner margin; epibranchial tooth distinct, sharp, slightly elevated from level of postorbital cristae, far from level of supraorbital margin; postorbital region deep; branchial regions inflated; cervical grooves shallow, narrow, clearly interrupted, not reaching up to level of postorbital cristae; H-groove faintly visible; frontal median triangle complete, not as broad as frontal margin, dorsal margin not fused with lateral margins; epistomal median lobe with acute tooth (Figs. 2 A,B, 3 A,B). Chelipeds smooth; right chela slightly bigger than left chela; finger tips pointed, teeth on them smaller, coarser; carpal spine distinct, sharp; outer surface of merus slightly rugose (Figs. 2 A���C). Ambulatory legs (P 2 ���P 5) long, smooth, dactylus equal in length to propodus; longest propodus (P 4) thrice as long as broad (Figs. 2 A���C). Suture between male thoracic sternites S 2, S 3 hardly discernible, S 3, S 4 indiscernible (Figs. 2 C, 3 C). Male abdomen narrowly triangular; sixth abdominal somite broader than long, equal in length to telson, with slightly concave lateral margins; telson broad, bell-shaped, apex nearly round; male sternoabdominal cavity deep, reaching imaginary line joining middle of bases of chelipeds (Figs. 2 C, 3 D). Mandibular palp with two segments, terminal segment bilobed. Exopods of maxillipeds each with long flagellum; third maxilliped exopod longer than ischium, reaching outer half of merus, ventral sulcus of ischium deep, towards and almost parallel to inner margins, depression on merus towards inner sides (Fig. 3 E). G 1 stout, with longitudinally twisted, long, distal portion, two-third length of non-twisted portion, twisted half turn clockwise, with numerous hairs, directed outwards; tip of twisted portion straight; non-twisted portion very broad with distinctly setose hump on outer margin (Figs. 4 A���C). G 2 with long distal segment, 0.4 times length of basal segment (Fig. 4 D). Colour. Carapace, chelipeds, ambulatory legs yellowish brown to brown with reddish brown spots on dorsal sides only. Type Locality. Kizhoor, 2 km north west of Kunnamkulam, Thrissur district, Kerala, India (10.6549906 �� N and 76.0551461 �� E) (altitude 56 m). Paratypes. The male paratype (ZSI, WRC-C. 1187) agrees well with the holotype in G 1 structure and carapace morphology except for its slightly broad frontal margin (fw/cw = 0.4), distinct oblique, short striations on posterolateral margin, and almost equal sized chelipeds. The female paratype (ZSI, WRC-C. 1187) also has a broad front, distinct striations on posterolateral margin, and equal sized chelipeds. Anterolateral carapace of the female paratype is more convex than that of the holotype and the male paratype. Paratype specimens are darker in colour than the holotype. Distribution. The species is known only from the type locality, Kizhoor and Thrissur. Habitat. Specimens were found in rice fields (Fig. 5 A), collected from shallow burrows along rice field bunds. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa n. sp. is also found in burrows along canal embankments (Fig. 5 B, C). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin for prominently humped, alluding to the hump-like outer margin of the non-twisted portion of the first male pleopod. Remarks. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa n. sp. resembles its congeners in many structural features of the carapace: convex dorsal surface, inflated branchial regions, first oblique striae on branchial regions originating as cristae of anterolateral border, sharp epibranchial tooth situating slightly above level of postorbital cristae, distinct postorbital cristae, external orbital tooth outer margin slightly longer than inner margin, concave postorbital region, complete frontal median triangle with cristate dorsal margin, not fused with lateral margins, epistomal median lobe with acute median tooth, indistinct suture between thoracic sternites 2, 3 and 3, 4, and stout, almost triangular male abdomen with concave lateral borders [Figs. 2 A���C, 3 A���D for S. gibberosa n. sp.; Fernando 1961: figs. 1 A, B, pl. 1 A, B for S. parvula; Ng & Tay 2001: figs. 23 A, B, F, 25 A, B for S. wuellerstorfi, figs. 26 A, B, E for S. senex, figs. 29 A, B, E, 30 A���C for S. fernandoi, figs. 31 F, G for S. hydrodroma, figs. 32 A���C, F, 33 A, B for S. parvula; Pati & Sharma 2014: pl. XI, figs. 11 A���C for S. wuellerstorfi (see comments on corrected identification of S. hydrodroma reported from Maharashtra)]. Only the G 1 structure is reliable for species diagnosis (Ng & Tay 2001). Some carapace features are nevertheless unique among the members of Spiralothelphusa. For instance, the postorbital cristae of S. parvula and S. wuellerstorfi is almost straight, gently sloping posteriorly towards lateral border (Fernando 1961: fig. 1 A, pl. 1 A, B for S. parvula; Ng & Tay 2001: figs. 23 A, 25 A for S. wuellerstorfi, figs. 32 A, B, 33 A for S. parvula; Pati & Sharma 2014: pl. XI, fig. 11 A for S. wuellerstorfi), whereas the remaining species have distinctly concave postorbital cristae, sloping posteriorly towards postorbital region and then anteriorly towards lateral border (Figs. 2 A, 3 A for S. gibberosa n. sp.; Ng & Tay 2001: fig. 26 A for S. senex, figs. 29 A, 30 A, C for S. fernandoi, fig. 31 F for S. hydrodroma). All the members of Spiralothelphusa have a strongly convex anterolateral margin, whereas S. parvula has a gently convex to almost straight anterolateral margin (Fernando 1961: fig. 1 A, pl. 1 A, B; Ng & Tay 2001: fig. 33 A). Among the species of Spiralothelphusa, only S. fernandoi has a very low subbasal granule on the chelipedal carpus in addition to a pointed inner distal spine (Ng & Tay 2001: fig. 29 D). The sub-basal granules are nevertheless barely visible in juveniles (Ng & Tay 2001). The shape of the male abdomen is similar among the species of Spiralothelphusa. The telson of S. wuellerstorfi is nonetheless slightly longer than the sixth male abdominal somite (Pati & Sharma 2014: pl. XI, fig. 11 C). Spiralothelphusa gibberosa n. sp. resembles S. parvula from Sri Lanka in having a G 1 non-twisted portion with setose hump on the outer margin (Figs. 4 A, B; Fernando 1961: fig. 1 D; Ng & Tay 2001: fig. 32 G). Both species can be distinguished from each other by terminal segment and distal portion of subterminal segment, which are less strongly twisted in S. gibberosa n. sp. (Figs. 4 A���C) and strongly twisted in S. parvula (Fernando 1961: figs. 1 D, E; Ng & Tay 2001: figs. 32 G, I���K). The G 1 twisted portion of S. gibberosa n. sp. is long, two-third length of non-twisted portion (Figs. 4 A���C), whereas the G 1 twisted portion of S. parvula is comparatively short, half length of non-twisted portion (Fernando 1961: fig. 1 D; Ng & Tay 2001: figs. 32 G, I). The major difference between these two species is the shape of the G 1 terminal segment. The G 1 terminal segment is conical and the tip is straight in S. gibberosa n. sp. (Figs. 4 A, B), whereas the G 1 terminal segment is sinuous and the tip is distinctly upcurved in S. parvula (Fernando 1961: fig. 1 D; Ng & Tay 2001: figs. 32 G, I���K). The new species is also similar to the Indian species, S. wuellerstorfi in their G 1 structure. Both species have a long twisted portion, two-third length of non-twisted portion (Fig. 4 A; Ng & Tay 2001: figs. 23 I, 24 B, I; Pati & Sharma 2014: pl. XI, figs. 11 D, E). In S. wuellerstorfi, however, the terminal segment and the distal portion of the subterminal segment are strongly twisted like that of S. parvula, and the hump is absent on the outer margin of the non-twisted portion of the G 1 unlike S. parvula and S. gibberosa n. sp. (Figs. 4 A���C for S. gibberosa n. sp.; Fernando 1961: figs. 1 D, E for S. parvula; Ng & Tay 2001: figs. 23 G, I���K, 24 A���F, H���K for S. wuellerstorfi, figs. 32 G, I for S. parvula; Pati & Sharma 2014: pl. XI, figs. 11 D, E for S. wuellerstorfi). The G 1 terminal segment of S. gibberosa n. sp. is conical with straight tip (Figs. 4 A, B), whereas S. wuellerstorfi and S. parvula have a sinuous G 1 terminal segment with the tip either gently hooked downwards as in S. wuellerstorfi or upcurved as in S. parvula (Fernando 1961: fig. 1 D for S. parvula; Ng & Tay 2001: figs. 23 G, I���K, 24 A���F, H���K for S. wuellerstorfi, figs. 32 G, I���K for S. parvula; Pati & Sharma 2014: pl. XI, figs. 11 D, E for S. wuellerstorfi). The new species is clearly differentiated from S. hydrodroma by the long distal segment of its G 2, 0.4 times the length of the basal segment (Fig. 4 D) as opposed to the short distal segment of the G 2, 0.25 times the length of the basal segment (Ng & Tay 2001: fig. 31 C). The G 1 terminal segment tip is straight in S. gibberosa n. sp. (Figs. 4 A, B), whereas the G 1 terminal segment tip is gently curved upwards in S. hydrodroma (Ng & Tay 2001: figs. 31 A, B, D, E). The G 1 terminal segment tip is straight in both S. gibberosa n. sp. and S. fernandoi (Figs. 4 A, B for S. gibberosa n. sp.; Ng 1994: figs. 1 B���E for S. fernandoi; Ng & Tay 2001: figs. 29 F, H���K for S. fernandoi), whereas the G 1 terminal segment tip is gently curved downwards or almost straight in S. senex (Ng & Tay 2001: figs. 27 A��� C). Nevertheless, the most unique feature in S. gibberosa n. sp. is the presence of setose hump on outer margin of the G 1 non-twisted portion (Figs. 4 A, B). The hump on outer margin of the non-twisted portion is absent in S. fernandoi, S. hydrodroma, and S. senex (Ng 1994: figs. 1 B, C for S. fernandoi; Ng & Tay 2001: figs. 27 A, B for S. senex, figs. 29 F, H for S. fernandoi, figs. 31 A, B for S. hydrodroma). Spiralothelphusa gibberosa n. sp. can also be differentiated from the above species by the long twisted portion of the G 1, two-third length of the non-twisted portion (Figs. 4 A, B) in contrast to the short twisted portion of the G 1, half-length of non-twisted portion (Ng 1994: figs. 1 B, C for S. fernandoi; Ng & Tay 2001: figs. 27 A, B for S. senex, figs. 29 F, H for S. fernandoi, figs. 31 A, B for S. hydrodroma)., Published as part of Pati, S. K. & Sudha Devi, A. R., 2015, Spiralothelphusa gibberosa, a new freshwater crab (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from Thrissur district, Kerala, India, pp. 416-424 in Zootaxa 3963 (3) on pages 418-422, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/231916, {"references":["Fernando, C. H. (1961) A new species of Paratelphusa Milne-Edwards (Crustacea; Brachyura), from Ceylon. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science), 4 (1), 55 - 59.","Ng, P. K. L. & Tay, F. W. M. (2001) The freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Zeylanica, 6 (2), 113 - 199.","Pati, S. K. & Sharma, R. M. (2014) Freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) in the collection of the Western Regional Centre, Pune. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper, No. 363, 1 - 44. [published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata]"]}

Key to the species of Spiralothelphusa 1. Postorbital cristae almost straight, gently sloping posteriorly towards lateral border; G 1 terminal segment and distal portion of subterminal segment strongly twisted clockwise full turn...................................................... 2 - Postorbital cristae distinctly curved, sloping posteriorly towards postorbital region and then anteriorly towards lateral border; G 1 terminal segment and distal portion of subterminal segment less strongly twisted clockwise half turn............... 3 2. Telson slightly longer than sixth male abdominal somite; G 1 twisted portion long, two-third length of non-twisted portion; terminal segment tip gently curved downwards; non-twisted portion outer margin without hump.............. S. wuellerstorfi - Telson equal in length to sixth male abdominal somite; G 1 twisted portion short, half-length of non-twisted portion; terminal segment tip distinctly curved upwards; non-twisted portion outer margin with distinct setose hump............. S. parvula 3. G 2 distal segment short, 0.25 times length of basal segment; G 1 terminal segment tip gently curved upwards … S. hydrodroma - G 2 distal segment long, 0.4–0.5 times length of basal segment; G 1 terminal segment tip gently curved downwards or almost straight............................................................................................ 4 4. G 1 twisted portion long, two-third length of non-twisted portion; non-twisted portion outer margin with distinct setose hump...................................................................................... S. gibberosa n. sp. - G 1 twisted portion short, half length of non-twisted portion; non-twisted portion outer margin without hump............. 5 5. Chelipedal carpus of adults with inner distal spine only; G 1 terminal segment tip narrow, gently hooked downwards to almost straight; subterminal segment not visible as hump on base of terminal segment from dorsal view................. S. senex - Chelipedal carpus of adults with both inner distal spine and very low sub-basal granule; G 1 terminal segment tip normal, straight; subterminal segment visible as hump on base of terminal segment from dorsal view................ S. fernandoi

Pati, S. K., Sudha Devi, A. R. (2015): Spiralothelphusa gibberosa, a new freshwater crab (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from Thrissur district, Kerala, India. Zootaxa 3963 (3): 416-424, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3963.3.5

Ghatiana gen. nov. Type species Ghatiana aurantiaca sp. nov, by present designation. Diagnosis Carapace slightly broader than long (cl/cw 0.71–0.78) (cw 1.3–1.4 times cl), highly arched (ch/cw 0.45–0.52), narrow posteriorly, ch more than 0.6 times cl; anterolateral margin short, slightly curved; front vertically deflexed, depressed, broad, nearly 0.4 times cw; epigastric crests distinct, low, broad, blunt; postorbital crests indistinct; external orbital angle poorly developed; epibranchial tooth indistinct, very close to level of supraorbital margin; cervical grooves poorly developed, interrupted; mesogastric groove long, deep, wide, extending into frontal region, bifurcate posteriorly; frontal median triangle incomplete with only dorsal margin; lacking epistomal median tooth (Figures 2A,B, 4A,B). Chelipeds unequal, carpal spine distinct, blunt, outer surface of merus rugose. Ambulatory legs with tuft of fine bristles. Suture between thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct and between s3/s4 incomplete visible as short grooves on sides only; s1, s2 with setae (Figures 2C, 3A, 4C, 5A). Male abdomen elongated, T-shaped; fifth abdominal somite broader than long; sixth abdominal somite longer than broad, but shorter than telson; telson long (Figures 3B, 5B); male sternoabdominal cavity deep, very long, extending beyond level of bases of third maxillipeds (Figures 2C, 4C). Exopods of first, second maxillipeds each with long flagellum; exopod of third maxilliped lacking flagellum, exopod longer than ischium (Figures 3D, 5D). G1 short with long terminal article (0.45–0.55 times length of subterminal segment); subterminal segment much broader than the terminal article (Figures 3E,F, 5E,F). G2 short with very short terminal article (Figures 3H, 5H). Etymology The genus name is derived from the word ‘Ghat’ because all the species in this genus are endemic to the Western Ghats. Gender feminine. Remarks Ghatiana, new genus, can be distinguished from other Indian gecarcinucid genera by the absence of a flagellum on the exopod of the third maxilliped (Figures 3D, 5D) (except Pilarta, Snaha, Globitelphusa, Inglethelphusa and Gubernatoriana, which possess a flagellum on this maxilliped). The new genus is distinguished from Pilarta and Snaha by the G2 terminal article, which is very short (Figures 3H, 5H) (whereas Pilarta and Snaha have a flagellum-like G2 distal article) (Bahir and Yeo 2007: figs. 25H, 27G, 29E). Ghatiana can be distinguished from Globitelphusa by the distal part of the subterminal segment of the G1: this is narrow, with an inner margin that gradually tapers without angulation in Ghatiana (Figures 3E,G, 5E,G) but broad with an inner margin that tapers sharply at an angle in Globitelphusa (Bott 1970: pl. 33, fig. 15). In addition, Globitelphusa is restricted to northeast India whereas Ghatiana is only found in the Western Ghats. The new genus has some affinities with the monotypic genus Inglethelphusa in carapace morphology: both genera have a slightly curved anterolateral margin; very low, broad and blunt epigastric crests; a long mesogastric groove bifurcating posteriorly and extending into the frontal region; both lack an epistomal median tooth; both have an elongated and T-shaped male abdomen; both have a long sixth male abdominal somite and long telson; both have a very long male sternoabdominal cavity extending beyond the level of the third maxilliped base, and a short G2 with a short terminal article. However, Ghatiana can easily be distinguished from Inglethelphusa by its broad carapace (cw/cl 1.3–1.4 vs 1.1), narrow frontal margin (fw/cw 0.38–0.41 vs 0.46), long third maxilliped exopod that is longer than the ischium (vs a short third maxilliped exopod), and a short, slightly curved and stout G1 with a short terminal article (Figures 2A,B, 3D–F, 4A,B, 5D–F) (vs a long, almost straight, narrow G1 with a very long terminal article) (Bott 1970: pl. 34, figs. 25–28). The G1s of Ghatiana and Gubernatoriana appear superficially similar but the terminal article of the former is longer than that of the latter (Figures 3E, 5E, 7E; Bott 1970: pl. 27, fig. 27; pl. 34, fig. 36). Further, Ghatiana can be differentiated from Gubernatoriana by its broad and highly arched carapace (vs squarish and comparatively less arched carapace), elongated T-shaped male abdomen with sixth male abdominal somite longer than broad and a long telson (vs short T-shaped male abdomen with sixth male abdominal somite slightly broader than long and a short telson) (Figures 2A,C, 3B, 4A,C, 5B, 6 A,C, 7 B; Bott 1970: pl. 6, figs. 61, 62; pl. 34, figs. 33, 34). Ecological notes Specimens were found in burrows dug into the banks of small streams, or under small stones, or inside cavities of laterite boulders on land or in holes in tree trunks. These crabs were especially active during the night in the rainy season where they were found either walking on the ground or on laterite boulders or climbing up tree trunks (Pati and Sharma, unpublished data). Distribution Northern Western Ghat Mountains, India. The type species was found in laterite regions of Konkan (244 m above sea level) whereas the other species was recorded from elevated Ghat areas (883 m above sea level). Two species are included in Ghatiana gen. nov.: Ghatiana aurantiaca sp. nov. (type species) and Ghatiana hyacintha sp. nov., Published as part of Pati, S. K. & Sharma, R. M., 2014, Description of Ghatiana, a new genus of freshwater crab, with two new species and a new species of Gubernatoriana (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Western Ghat Mountains, India, pp. 1279-1298 in Journal of Natural History 48 (21) on pages 1281-1286, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.859315, http://zenodo.org/record/4006914, {"references":["Bahir MM, Yeo DCJ. 2007. The gecarcinucid freshwater crabs of southern India (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Raffles Bull Zool. Suppl. No. 16: 309 - 354.","Bott R. 1970. Die Susswasserkrabben von Europa, Asien, Australien und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Eine Revision der Potamoidea und der Parathelphusoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Abh Senckenb Naturforsch Ges (Frankfurt). 526: 1 - 338. pls. 1 - 58."]}

Ghatiana aurantiaca sp. nov. (Figures 2A–C, 3A–H, 8 A) Type specimens Holotype: male (cw 17.10 mm, cl 12.14 mm, ch 7.76 mm, fw 6.42 mm), coll. P.S. Bhatnagar and party (ZSI, WRC-C.1129), Forest Rest House, Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary, Raigad district, Maharashtra, India, 18°25 ′ 27.912 ″ N, 72°56 ′ 53.1672 ″ E, alt. 244 m; paratypes: 2 males (cw 14.52–15.64 mm, cl 10.64–11.30 mm, ch 6.84– 7.30 mm, fw 5.64–6.04 mm) and 2 females (cw 10.94–15.64 mm, cl 7.94–11.12 mm, ch 4.70–7.26 mm, fw 4.30–6.00 mm) (ZSI, WRC-C.828), same data as holotype. Diagnosis Carapace slightly broader than long (cl/cw = 0.71–0.73); anterolateral margin curved with smooth, cristiform, thick, oblique striations; epigastric crests distinct, low, broad, blunt; postorbital crests indistinct; epibranchial tooth indistinct; mesogastric groove long, deep, extending into frontal region up to frontal margin; frontal median triangle incomplete with only dorsal margin; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with rounded apex, lacking median tooth (Figure 2A,B). Suture between thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct and between s3/s4 visible as grooves on sides only; s1, s2 with bunch of setae (Figures 2C, 3A). Male abdomen elongated T-shape; fifth abdominal somite broader than long; sixth abdominal somite longer than broad; telson longer than sixth abdominal somite (Figures 2C, 3B). G1 short, slightly curved outward with long terminal article (0.45 times length of subterminal segment); tip pointed; subterminal segment much broader than terminal article, basal two-thirds much broader than distal one-third (Figure 3E–G). G2 short with very short or vestigial terminal article (Figure 3H). Carapace orange red in living animals (Figure 8A). Description Carapace slightly broader than long (cw/cl 1.4), narrow posteriorly; highly arched (ch/cl 0.64), anterolateral carapace inflated in frontal view; dorsal carapace surface rugose on lateral sides; anterolateral margin curved with smooth, cristiform, thick, oblique striations; posterolateral margin with fine, oblique striations; front depressed, vertically deflexed, broad, fw/cw 0.4; frontal margin slightly undulating; epigastric crests distinct, low, broad, blunt; postorbital crests indistinct; external orbital angle poorly developed; epibranchial tooth indistinct, very close to level of supraorbital margin; postorbital region slightly deep; branchial regions inflated, rugose; subhepatic region with fine striations; cervical grooves poorly developed, interrupted; mesogastric groove long, deep, extending to frontal margin, bifurcated posteriorly; H-groove visible; frontal median triangle incomplete with only dorsal margin; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with rounded apex, lacking median tooth (Figure 2A,B). Chelipeds unequal; right chela much larger; smooth; teeth on fingers blunt, almost of equal size; dactylus shorter than palm; fingers of larger chela meet only at tip (Figure 3C); carpal spine distinct, blunt; carpus devoid of bristles; outer surface of merus rugose. Ambulatory legs (p2–p5) long with very fine, small tuft of brownish bristles with yellowish tips mostly on margins; dactylus (p4 and p5) longer than propodus; longest propodus (p3) three times as long as broad. Suture between thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves; s1, s2 heavily setose (Figures 2C, 3A). Male abdomen elongated, T-shaped; fifth abdominal somite broader than long with concave lateral margins, distal width shorter than proximal width; sixth abdominal somite longer than broad, shorter than telson with slightly convex lateral margins, proximal width equal to distal width; telson elongated, broadly rounded at apex (Figures 2C, 3B); male sternoabdominal cavity deep, very long, extending much beyond level of bases of third maxillipeds (Figure 2C). Exopod of first, second maxillipeds with long flagellum; exopod of third maxilliped lacking flagellum, longer than ischium, ventral sulcus on ischium indistinct, merus quadrangular, anterior external angle of merus right angled, slightly depressed (Figure 3D). Mandibular palp with two joints, terminal joint bilobed. G1 short, slightly curved outward with long terminal article (0.45 times length of subterminal segment); terminal article narrower than subterminal segment, tip pointed; subterminal segment broader than terminal article, basal two-thirds broader than distal third (Figure 3E–G). G2 short with very short or vestigial terminal article; proximal half of basal segment distinctly broader than distal half (Figure 3H). Colour Live animals have an orange-red carapace and chelipeds (Figure 8A); specimens preserved in ethanol have a yellow-brown carapace and chelipeds. Etymology The specific epithet derived from the Latin word aurantiacus meaning ‘orange-red’, refers to the orange-red colour of the live crab. Remarks Ghatiana aurantiaca sp. nov. is similar to G. hyacintha sp. nov. in general carapace morphology and G1 structure. However, these two species are clearly differentiated by the following characters: orange-red colour when alive (vs violet when alive); carapace more transversely elongate in appearance, cw/cl 1.4 (vs carapace less transverse and more squarish in appearance, cw/cl 1.3); epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with rounded apex (vs epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with slightly acute apex); thoracic sternites s3/s4 smooth, lacking setae (vs sternites s3/s4 highly setose); short G1 terminal article 0.45 times length of subterminal segment (vs long terminal article 0.55 times length of subterminal segment); basal two-thirds of G1 subterminal segment broader than distal one-third (vs basal half of G1 subterminal segment broader than distal half) (Figures 2A,B, 3A,E, 4A,B, 5A,E, 8A,B). Ecological notes Ghatiana aurantiaca lives on land inside cavities of laterite boulders, and inside holes in tree trunks (present study). This crab species is active during the night in the rainy season when it is often seen walking on the ground, on laterite boulders, or climbing up tree trunks (Pati and Sharma, unpublished data). Distribution Known only from the type locality.

Ghatiana hyacintha sp. nov. (Figures 4A–C, 5A–H, 8B) Type specimens Holotype: male (cw 13.58 mm, cl 10.54 mm, ch 6.62 mm, fw 5.60 mm), coll. S.S. Jadhav and party (ZSI, WRC-C.1130), Mahadeb Mandir, Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary, Kolhapur district, Maharashtra, India, 16°25 ′ 24.2796 ″ N, 73°54 ′ 7.1964 ″ E, alt. 883 m; paratypes: 3 males (cw 12.36–13.42 mm, cl 9.56–10.24 mm, ch 6.06– 6.54 mm, fw 5.16–5.66 mm) and 2 females (cw 12.02–13.80 mm, cl 9.20–10.50 mm, ch 6.22–6.64 mm, fw 5.04–5.84 mm) (ZSI, WRC-C.825), same data as holotype. Diagnosis Carapace broader than long (cl/cw 0.76–0.78); anterolateral margin curved with finely serrated crest curving into branchial regions, short, oblique, distinct striations on lateral sides; epigastric crests distinct, low, broad, blunt; postorbital crests indistinct; epibranchial tooth indistinct; mesogastric groove long, deep, wide, extending into frontal region; frontal median triangle incomplete with only dorsal margin; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with slightly acute apex, lacking median tooth (Figure 4A,B). Suture between thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between s3/s4 incomplete except for short lateral grooves; s1–s4 with setae spreading uniformly (Figures 4C, 5A). Male abdomen elongated T-shape; fifth abdominal somite broader than long; sixth abdominal somite longer than broad; telson longer than sixth abdominal somite (Figures 4C, 5B). G1 short, slightly curved outward with long terminal article (0.55 times length of subterminal segment); tip pointed; subterminal segment comparatively much broader than terminal article, basal half much broader than distal half (Figure 5E–G). G2 short with very short or vestigial terminal article (Figure 5H). Living specimens with violet carapace and legs (Figure 8B). Description Carapace slightly broader than long (cw/cl 1.3), narrow posteriorly, highly arched (ch/cl 0.63), anterolateral carapace inflated in frontal view; anterolateral margin curved with a very finely serrated crest curving into branchial regions, short, oblique, distinct striations on lateral sides; posterolateral margin with short, distinct, oblique striations; front slightly depressed in middle, vertically deflexed, broad, fw/cw 0.4; frontal margin nearly straight; epigastric crests distinct, low, broad, blunt; postorbital crests indistinct; external orbital angle poorly developed; epibranchial tooth indistinct, very close to level of supraorbital margin; postorbital region shallow; branchial regions inflated, rugose; subhepatic region with fine striations; cervical grooves poorly developed, interrupted; mesogastric groove long, deep, wide, extending into frontal region, bifurcate posteriorly; H-groove visible; frontal median triangle incomplete with only dorsal margin; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with slightly acute apex, lacking distinct median tooth (Figure 4A,B). Chelipeds unequal; right chela larger; smooth; fingers of major cheliped with two or three larger teeth, fingers meeting only at tip; dactylus of major cheliped shorter than palm (Figure 5C); carpus with large blunt tooth; carpus almost devoid of bristles; outer surface of merus rugose. Ambulatory legs (p2–p5) long with very fine, small, tuft of two or three brownish bristles with yellowish tips mostly on margins; dactylus (p4 and p5) longer than propodus; longest propodus (p4) three times as long as broad. Suture between thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between s3/s4 missing except for two lateral grooves; s1–s4 with setae spreading uniformly (Figures 4C, 5A). Male abdomen elongated, T-shaped; fifth abdominal somite broader than long with concave lateral margins, distal width shorter than proximal width; sixth abdominal somite longer than broad, shorter than telson with convex lateral margins, proximal width equal to distal width; telson elongated, broadly rounded at apex (Figures 4C, 5B); male sternoabdominal cavity deep, very long, extending much beyond level of third maxilliped bases (Figure 4C). Exopod of first and second maxillipeds with long flagellum; exopod of third maxilliped lacking flagellum, longer than ischium; ventral sulcus on ischium shallow, towards centre; merus quadrangular, anterior external angle of merus right angled, slightly depressed (Figure 5D). Mandibular palp with two joints, terminal joint bilobed. G1 short, slightly curved outward with long terminal article (0.55 times length of subterminal segment); terminal article narrower than subterminal segment, tip pointed; subterminal segment broader than terminal article, basal half broader than distal half (Figure 5E–G). G2 short with very short or vestigial terminal article; proximal half of basal segment distinctly broader than distal half (Figure 5H). Colour Live animals have a violet carapace and chelipeds (Figure 8B); specimens preserved in ethanol have a dark brown carapace and faint violet chelipeds. Etymology The specific epithet, hyacintha alludes to the violet colour of the species with reference to the colour of the flowers of water hyacinth. Remarks Ghatiana hyacintha is similar to G. aurantiaca in overall carapace morphology and G1 structure. Nevertheless, the species can be distinguished by the colouration of the carapace, relative width of the carapace, appearance of the apex of the epistomal median lobe, pattern of the setae on thoracic sternites, and relative length of G1 terminal article and relative broadness of G1subterminal segment. For differences see Remarks for G. aurantiaca. Ecological notes Specimens were collected from burrows of the banks of small streams, and from under small stones. These crabs are generally more active during the rainy season (from June to September) (Pati and Sharma, unpublished data). Distribution Known only from the type locality. Key to the species of Ghatiana 1. Carapace of living specimens orange-red; wide (cl/cw 0.71–0.73); epistomal median lobe semicircular; thoracic sternites 3 and 4 smooth, lacking setae. G1 terminal article 0.45 times length of subterminal segment; basal twothirds of subterminal segment much broader than distal third................................................................................................ Ghatiana aurantiaca sp. nov. Carapace of living specimens violet; not widened (cl/cw 0.76–0.78); epistomal median lobe broadly triangular; thoracic sternites 3 and 4 setose. G1 terminal article 0.55 times length of subterminal segment; basal half of subterminal segment much broader than distal half.............. Ghatiana hyacintha sp. nov.

Gubernatoriana triangulus sp. nov. (Figures 6A–C, 7A–H, and 8C) Type specimens Holotype: male (cw 12.52 mm, cl 10.60 mm, ch 6.28 mm, fw 5.22 mm), B.S. Lamba (ZSI, WRC-C.1134), Dhobi Waterfall, Mahabaleshwar, Satara district, Maharashtra, India, 17°56 ′ 8.484 ″ N, 73°38 ′ 49.311 ″ E, alt. 1207 m; paratypes: 1 male (cw 9.00 mm, cl 7.40 mm, ch 4.12 mm, fw 3.54 mm), S.K. Pati (ZSI, WRC-C.471), Bhaka Devi and vicinity, Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, Pune district, Maharashtra, India, 19°5 ′ 27.729 ″ N, 73°32 ′ 7.8246 ″ E, alt. 955 m and 1 female (cw 9.34 mm, cl 7.24 mm, ch 3.92 mm, fw 3.54 mm), S.K. Pati (ZSI, WRC-C.1087), Dongarwadi, Tahmini Ghat, Pune district, Maharashtra, India, 18°29 ′ 4.8948 ″ N, 73°24 ′ 53.8878 ″ E, alt. 593 m. Diagnosis Carapace squarish (cl/cw 0.76–0.78), highly arched anteriorly (ch/cl 0.59), less convex posteriorly; dorsal surface almost smooth; anterolateral margin short, smooth, cristiform; posterolateral margin with fine, oblique striations; frontal margin slightly concave medially; epigastric crests faint, flat, broad; postorbital crests indistinct; epibranchial tooth indistinct; branchial regions inflated; subhepatic region smooth; H-groove faint; frontal median triangle incomplete with only dorsal margin; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular, without median tooth (Figure 6A,B). Suture between thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 absent except for two short lateral grooves (Figures 6C, 7A). Male abdomen short, almost Tshaped; fifth abdominal somite much broader than long; sixth abdominal somite slightly broader than long, equal in length to telson; telson short, broadly triangular (Figure 7B); male sternoabdominal cavity deep, long, extending beyond level of third maxilliped bases (Figure 6C). Exopods of first, second maxillipeds with long flagellum; exopod of third maxilliped lacking flagellum (Figure 7D). G1 short, stout with long terminal article (0.5 times length of subterminal segment); terminal article slimmer than subterminal segment, slightly curved outward, tip pointed; subterminal segment almost triangular, basal half broader than distal half (Figure 7E–G). G2 short, terminal article very short (Figure 7H). Description Carapace squarish, highly arched anteriorly (ch/cl 0.59), less convex posteriorly; dorsal surface almost smooth; anterolateral carapace inflated in frontal view; anterolateral margin short, smooth, cristiform; posterolateral margin with fine, oblique striations; front vertically deflexed, flat, square cut, wide (fw/cw 0.4); frontal margin slightly concave medially; epigastric crests faint, flat, broad; postorbital crests indistinct; external orbital angle poorly developed; epibranchial tooth indistinct; postorbital region flat; branchial regions inflated considerably; subhepatic region smooth; cervical grooves indistinct; mesogastric groove long, slightly extending into frontal region; H-groove faint; frontal median triangle incomplete with only dorsal margin; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular without median tooth (Figure 6A,B). Chelipeds smooth, unequal; few small blunt teeth on anterior margin of major (left) chela; large gape between fingers of larger chela when tips in contact (Figure 7C); fingers slightly shorter than palm; teeth on fingers of smaller chela small, blunt; carpal spine poorly developed, blunt; outer surface of merus rugose. Ambulatory legs (p2–p5) long with bristles on margins of carpus, propodus, and dactylus; dactylus (p4 and p5) equal in length to propodus; longest propodus (p3) almost three times as long as broad. Suture between thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 absent except for two short deep lateral grooves (Figures 6C, 7A). Male abdomen short, almost T-shaped; fifth abdominal somite broader than long, lateral margins not parallel to each other; sixth abdominal somite broader than long, equal in length to telson, lateral margins convex; telson broadly triangular, length equal to proximal width (Figure 7B); male sternoabdominal cavity deep, long, extending beyond level of third maxilliped bases (Figure 6C). Exopods of first, second maxillipeds with long flagellum; exopod of third maxilliped lacking flagellum, longer than ischium; ventral sulcus on ischium indistinct, anterior external angle of merus right angled, depression on merus towards inner sides (Figure 7D). Mandibular palp with two joints, terminal joint bilobed. G1 short, stout with long terminal article (0.5 times length of subterminal segment); terminal article slimmer than subterminal segment, slightly curved outward, tip pointed; subterminal segment almost triangular, basal half distinctly broader than distal half (Figure 7E–G). G2 short with very short terminal article; proximal half of basal segment stout, broader than distal half (Figure 7H). Colour Live crabs have a brown carapace, and yellowish brown chelipeds and ambulatory legs (Figure 8C). Etymology In Latin triangulus means triangular, referring to the triangular shape of the G1 subterminal segment. Used as noun in apposition. Remarks Gubernatoriana triangulus sp. nov. is similar to both G. gubernatoris and G. pilosipes in carapace morphology. Differences between these three taxa include the carapace height, which in G. triangulus is more inflated in the branchial regions than in the other two species, a smooth subhepatic region in G. triangulus (vs a rugose subhepatic region), a male sternoabdominal cavity extending beyond the level of the third maxilliped bases in G. triangulus (vs a male sternoabdominal cavity not extending beyond the level of cheliped bases) (Figure 6A,C; Bott 1970: pl. 6, figs. 61, 62; pl. 34, figs. 33, 34). The G1 subterminal segment of G. triangulus is triangular in appearance i.e. basal half distinctly stouter than distal half (vs basal one-third slightly broader than distal two-thirds in G. gubernatoris and basal two-thirds slightly broader than distal one-third in G. pilosipes) (Figure 7E,F; Bott 1970: pl. 27, fig. 27; pl. 34, fig. 36). Ecological notes Specimens were found in the Western Ghat Mountains, India, along the small stream banks, in small water bodies, and under small stones. This species is very active especially during the rainy season (from June to September) (Pati and Sharma, unpublished data). Distribution Northern Western Ghats (Satara and Pune). Key to the species of Gubernatoriana 1. Branchial regions inflated (ch/cl 0.59); subhepatic region smooth. Male sternoabdominal cavity long, extending beyond level of third maxilliped bases. G1 subterminal segment stout, triangular............................................................................................................ Gubernatoriana triangulus sp. nov. Branchial regions not inflated (ch/cl 0.48–0.58); subhepatic region rugose. Male sternoabdominal cavity short, extending to level of cheliped bases. G1 subterminal segment slim, not triangular..................................................... 2 2. Suture between thoracic sternites 2 and 3 indistinct. Tips of fingers of major cheliped pointed. G1 terminal article long (0.45 times length of subterminal segment); basal third of subterminal segment broader than distal two-thirds.................................................. Gubernatoriana gubernatoris (Alcock, 1909) Suture between thoracic sternites 2 and 3 visible, complete groove. Tips of fingers of major cheliped broadly rounded or spoon shaped. G1 terminal article short (0.35 times length of subterminal segment); basal two-thirds of subterminal segment broader than distal third....................................................................................................... Gubernatoriana pilosipes (Alcock, 1909), Published as part of Pati, S. K. & Sharma, R. M., 2014, Description of Ghatiana, a new genus of freshwater crab, with two new species and a new species of Gubernatoriana (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Western Ghat Mountains, India, pp. 1279-1298 in Journal of Natural History 48 (21) on pages 1295-1298, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.859315, http://zenodo.org/record/4006914, {"references":["Bott R. 1970. Die Susswasserkrabben von Europa, Asien, Australien und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Eine Revision der Potamoidea und der Parathelphusoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Abh Senckenb Naturforsch Ges (Frankfurt). 526: 1 - 338. pls. 1 - 58.","Alcock A. 1909. Diagnoses of new species and varieties of freshwater crabs. No. 4. Rec Indian Mus. 3: 375 - 381."]}

Gubernatoriana Bott, 1970 Paratelphusa (Globitelphusa) Alcock, 1909; 1910: 117 (part) (not Paratelphusa (Globitelphusa) Alcock, 1909). Gubernatoriana Bott, 1970: 44. Gubernatoriana Bahir and Yeo, 2007: 334. Gubernatoriana Ng et al. 2008: 67. Type species Paratelphusa (Globitelphusa) gubernatoris Alcock, 1909, by original designation. Diagnosis (revised after Bott 1970; based on type species and present material) Carapace squarish (cl/cw 0.78–0.92) (cw 1.1–1.3 times cl), flat (ch/cl 0.6); anterolateral margin short, nearly straight; front vertically deflexed, narrow (fw/cw 0.35–0.42); epigastric crests slightly developed; postorbital crests indistinct; external orbital angle poorly developed; epibranchial tooth indistinct; cervical grooves indistinct; mesogastric groove long, without bifurcation posteriorly; frontal median triangle incomplete with only dorsal margin visible; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular, lacking median tooth (Figure 6A,B; Bott 1970: pl. 6, figs 60, 61; pl. 34, figs 33, 35). Chelipeds unequal. Ambulatory legs with fine bristles. Suture between thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct or visible as a small groove and between s3/s4 visible as grooves on sides only (Figures 6C, 7A; Bott 1970: pl. 6, fig. 62; pl. 34, fig. 34). Male abdomen short T-shaped; fifth abdominal somite much broader than long; sixth abdominal somite slightly broader than long, subequal in length to telson; telson short; male sternoabdominal cavity deep, long, extending beyond level of cheliped bases or even beyond level of third maxilliped bases (Figures 6C, 7B; Bott 1970: pl. 6, fig. 62; pl. 34, fig. 34). Exopods of first, second maxillipeds with long flagellum; exopod of third maxilliped lacking flagellum, exopod longer than ischium (Figure 7D). G1 short, stout with long terminal article (0.35–0.50 times length of subterminal segment); subterminal segment much broader than terminal article (Figure 7E–G; see Bott 1970: pl. 27, fig. 27; pl. 34, fig. 36). G2 short with very short or vestigial terminal article (Figure 7H). Remarks Gubernatoriana is morphologically close to Ghatiana, new genus, but can be differentiated based on some significant external morphological characters (see Remarks for Ghatiana). This genus is distinguished from Snaha and Pilarta by the short terminal article of G2 (Figure 7H) (vs long terminal article of G2) (Bahir and Yeo 2007: figs. 25H, 27G, 29E). Gubernatoriana is distinguished from Inglethelphusa by the long third maxilliped exopod and short, stout G1 (vs short third maxilliped exopod and long, narrow G1) (Figure 7D–F; Bott 1970: pl. 34, figs. 26, 28). Gubernatoriana escheri (Roux, 1931) was recently assigned to the genus Snaha, while Gubernatoriana nilgiriensis (Roux, 1931) and Gubernatoriana pusilla (Roux, 1931) were both transferred to the genus Vanni (Bahir and Yeo 2007; Ng et al. 2008). Gubernatoriana Bott, 1970, now consists of three species: Gubernatoriana gubernatoris (Alcock 1909), Gubernatoriana pilosipes (Alcock 1909), and Gubernatoriana triangulus sp. nov. Ecological notes These crabs are found in small streams, under small stones in high-altitude areas in Western Ghats of India (Pati and Sharma, unpublished data). Distribution Northern Western Ghat Mountains (Maharashtra: Satara, Pune); Karnataka: North- Canara (Bott 1970)., Published as part of Pati, S. K. & Sharma, R. M., 2014, Description of Ghatiana, a new genus of freshwater crab, with two new species and a new species of Gubernatoriana (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Western Ghat Mountains, India, pp. 1279-1298 in Journal of Natural History 48 (21) on pages 1294-1295, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.859315, http://zenodo.org/record/4006914, {"references":["Bott R. 1970. Die Susswasserkrabben von Europa, Asien, Australien und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Eine Revision der Potamoidea und der Parathelphusoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Abh Senckenb Naturforsch Ges (Frankfurt). 526: 1 - 338. pls. 1 - 58.","Alcock A. 1909. Diagnoses of new species and varieties of freshwater crabs. No. 4. Rec Indian Mus. 3: 375 - 381.","Alcock A. 1910. Brachyura I. Fasc. II. The Indian freshwater crabs- Potamonidae. Catalogue of the Indian Decapod Crustacea in the Collection of the Indian Museum. Calcutta: 1 - 135, pls. 1 - 14.","Bahir MM, Yeo DCJ. 2007. The gecarcinucid freshwater crabs of southern India (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Raffles Bull Zool. Suppl. No. 16: 309 - 354.","Ng PKL, Guinot D, Davie PFJ. 2008. Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bull Zool. 17: 1 - 286.","Roux J. 1931. Crustaces Decapodes d' eau douce de l' Inde meridionale. Rev Suisse Zool. 38: 31 - 62."]}

Oziotelphusa Müller, 1887 Thelphusa (Oziotelphusa) Müller, 1887: 482. Potamon De Man, 1898: 436 (part); Rathbun, 1904: 289 (part) (not Potamon Savigny, 1816). Paratelphusa Alcock, 1910: 97 (part); Roux, 1915: 377 (part); Fernando, 1960: 213 (part) (not Paratelphusa H. Milne Edwards, 1853). Oziotelphusa Bott, 1969: 364; Bott, 1970: 100. Oziotelphusa Ng & Tay, 2001: 123. Oziotelphusa Bahir & Yeo, 2005: 78. Diagnosis (modified from Bahir & Yeo 2005). Carapace: dorsal surface convex to highly convex both anteriorly, posteriorly; epigastric cristae anterior to postorbital cristae; postorbital cristae distinct; epibranchial region gently to distinctly inflated, without oblique striae; single oblique striae on branchial region originate as cristae of anterolateral margin, curving into branchial region, strongest striae on lateral border; epistomal median lobe with blunt (may be separated or bilobed) or sharp acute median tooth; frontal median triangle distinct, weakly to strongly fused with distinct lateral borders; suture between anterior thoracic sternites 2, 3 indistinct or visible as groove; male abdomen robust, almost T-shaped to distinctly triangular. G1 longitudinally not twisted; terminal segment robust, entirely bent or curved outwards laterally or only at the tip. G2 with short or long distal segment., Published as part of Pati, S. K. & Sharma, R. M., 2012, Oziotelphusa ganjamensis, a new species of freshwater crab (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from south Odisha (Orissa) state, eastern India, pp. 49-56 in Zootaxa 3528 on pages 49-50, {"references":["Muller, F. (1887) Zur Crustaceenfauna von Trincomali. Verhandlung Natulforschenden Gesellschaft, Basel, 8, 470 - 485.","Rathbun, M. J. (1904) Les crabs d'eau douce. Nouvelles Archives du Museum D'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), series 4, 6, 225 - 312.","Alcock, A. (1910) Brachyura I. Fasc. II. The Indian Freshwater Crabs - Potamonidae. Catalogue of the Indian Decapod Crustacea in the Collection of the Indian Museum. Calcutta, pp. 1 - 135, pls. 1 - 14.","Fernando, C. H. (1960) The Ceylonese Freshwater Crabs (Potamonidae). Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences), 3 (2), 191 - 222, Figs. 1 - 19, pls. 1 - 3.","Bott, R. (1970) Die Susswasserkrabben von Europa, Asien, Australien und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Eine Revision der Potamoidea und Parathelphusoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, (Frankfurt), 526, 1 - 338, pls. 1 - 58.","Ng, P. K. L. & Tay, F. W. M. (2001) The freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Zeylanica, 6 (2), 113 - 199.","Bahir, M. M. & Yeo, D. C. J. (2005) A revision of the genus Oziotelphusa Muller, 1887 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parathelphusidae), with descriptions of eight new species. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 12, 77 - 120."]}

Key to Indian species of Oziotelphusa 1. Tooth on epistomal median lobe blunt, bilobed....................................................... O. biloba - Tooth on epistomal median lobe moderately blunt to sharp, not bilobed......................................... 2 2. Frontal median triangle not as broad as frontal margin; tip of the terminal segment of G1 almost pointed................ 3 - Frontal median triangle almost as broad as frontal margin; tip of the terminal segment of G1 blunt..................... 4 3. G2 with a short distal segment (0.2 to 0.3 times the length of basal segment); G1 terminal segment curved downward or hooklike................................................................................. O. wagrakarowensis - G2 with a long distal segment (0.4 times the length of basal segment); G1 terminal segment curved upward and tip upturned......................................................................................... O. ganjamensis 4. G1 terminal segment short, cone-shaped, 0.4 times the length of subterminal segment; carapace moderately convex.................................................................................................... O. bouvieri - G1 terminal segment long, comparatively slender, 0.5 times the length of subterminal segment; carapace highly convex... 6 5. G1 terminal segment comparatively more slender, with tip upturned, basal half of outer margin of subterminal segment gently concave; sutures between anterior thoracic sternites 2, 3 and 3, 4 faintly visible............................. O. kerala - G1 terminal segment broader, with tip straight, base of outer margin of subterminal segment notched; sutures between anterior thoracic sternites 2, 3 and 3, 4 clearly visible...................................................... O. aurantia, Published as part of Pati, S. K. & Sharma, R. M., 2012, Oziotelphusa ganjamensis, a new species of freshwater crab (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from south Odisha (Orissa) state, eastern India, pp. 49-56 in Zootaxa 3528 on page 55