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Four of the most-used Geant4 hadronic models, the Quark-gluon string, Bertini-style cascade, Binary cascade and Chiral Invariant Phase Space, are discussed. These models cover high, medium and low energies, respectively, and represent a more theoretical approach to simulating hadronic interactions than do the Low Energy and High Energy Parameterized models. The four models together do not yet cover all particles for all energies, so the Low Energy and High Energy Parameterized models, among others, are used to fill the gaps. The validity range in energy and particle type of each model is presented, as is a discussion of the models’ distinguishing features. The main modeling stages are also described qualitatively and areas for improvement are pointed out for each model. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geant4 is a toolkit for the simulation of the transport of radiation through matter. With a flexible kernel and choices between different physics modeling choices, it has been tailored to the requirements of a wide range of applications. With the toolkit a user can describe a setup’s or detector’s geometry and materials, navigate inside it, simulate the physical interactions using a choice of physics engines, underlying physics cross-sections and models, visualise and store results. Physics models describing electromagnetic and hadronic interactions are provided, as are decays and processes for optical photons. Several models, with different precision and performance are available for many processes. The toolkit includes coherent physics model configurations, which are called physics lists. Users can choose an existing physics list or create their own, depending on their requirements and the application area. A clear structure and readable code, enable the user to investigate the origin of physics results. Application areas include detector simulation and background simulation in High Energy Physics experiments, simulation of accelerator setups, studies in medical imaging and treatment, and the study of the effects of solar radiation on spacecraft instruments. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geant4 is a software toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter. It has abundant hadronic models from thermal neutron interactions to ultra relativistic hadrons. An overview of validations in Geant4 hadronic physics is presented based on thin-target measurements. In most cases, good agreement is available between Monte Carlo prediction and experimental data; however, several problems have been detected which require some improvement in the models. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Geant4 hadronic models cover the entire range of energies required by calorimeters in new and planned experiments. The extension and improvement of the elastic, cascade, parameterized and quark-gluon string models will be discussed. Such improvements include the extension to more particle types, a review and correction of cross sections, and a better treatment of energy and momentum conservation. Concurrent with this development has been a validation program which includes comparisons with double differential cross sections. An ongoing hadronic shower validation will also be discussed which includes the examination of longitudinal shower shapes and the performance of the above models as well as their interaction with electromagnetic processes such as multiple scattering. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]