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The purpose of the research is to determine if adding grapheme oxide (GO) fluids combined with EG (ethylene glycol) or water might boost the transfer of heat in automobile radiators. Radiators are essential parts of car cooling systems; they dissipate extra heat that the engine produces. The capacity of conventional coolants to transport temperature is limited, including Glycol and water. The ability to conduct heat may be improved with the use of nanoparticles fluids, which are basically solutions of particles in a base liquidize. This technique uses ethylene glycol and water to create a nanoparticles fluid by dispersing GO particles. Using experiments, the resilience or thermal features of the nanoparticle fluids are described. Next, utilizing an early version radiators arrangement, many heat transfer tests are carried out. In comparison to traditional coolants, the radiator’s ability to dissipate heat in various functioning circumstances has been assessed while utilizing the GO nanoparticles fluids together. Comparing the radiator’s heat transfer efficiency with plain ethylene glycol (or water, initial results indicate the addition with GO nanoparticles fluids improves it. Increased thermal conductivity in the nanoparticles fluids combination results in more efficient heat dissipation. For the purpose of to ensure the efficient utilization of the nanoparticles fluids on car cooling mechanisms, it is further evaluated for durability during extended exposure to elevated temperatures. The continued attempts to provide cutting-edge cooling systems for automotive applications are aided by this study. The results indicate that the use of GO nanoparticles fluids in conjunction with conventional coolants has a chance to improve car radiator thermal transfer or general efficiency. It is advised to carry out greater refinement and calibration research to fully realize the potential advantages of this unique coolant composition.

ABS and chain-branched amylopectin exhibit poor processing capabilities, making them unsuitable for 3D printing utilizations. While ABS exhibits excellent mechanical properties with high processing costs, it lacks the practical requirements of PLA, an environment-friendly polymer with poor mechanical performances. Studying the toxicity of 3-D printer emissions and the causes of toxicity both in vivo and in vitro is necessary in light of the rapidly expanding applications of 3-D printing technological advances, the documented emissions, and the possible adverse reactions from exposed to those emissions. Despite these limitations, ABS and PLA continue to be developed for 3D printing applications. Several mechanical behaviors, including tensile strength, creep, and fatigue, are examined in the study to determine the structural integrity and durability of a 3D-printed ABS square block. The results of the safety factor analysis show a minimum value of 0.1823, indicating the presence of potential failure points and the need for design optimization. The material can last long under dynamic loads, as shown by the fatigue study. This study not only improves ABS parts in real-life uses but also helps grasp their strength better. It gives clues for their future design and making. Using experimental and simulation data, the study optimizes 3D printing parameters and improves ABS materials’ structural efficiency by integrating finite element methods with practical manufacturing outcomes.

Research into alternative, green energy sources such as solar power has been driven by concerns about environmental sustainability, escalating petroleum costs, and surging energy demand. Solar energy can power the entire world sustainably, since it is abundant and easy to access. Solar radiation, cell temperature, and load impedance all play a part in improving the efficiency of solar energy utilization. In order to maximize solar energy utilization, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques are used. In order to address factors such as solar effectiveness, dynamic response, convergence speed, complexity, cost, and sensor requirements, different MPPT techniques have been developed. Using Incremental Conductance (INC) as an example, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of MPPT techniques. P&O’s drawback of oscillations around the Maximum Power Point (MPP) is overcome by INC, which minimizes them. The MPP voltage is maintained until the incremental conductance equals zero by comparing the instantaneous conductance of the panel with the incremental conductance. In addition to being easy to implement, INC-based methods offer rapid tracking and efficiency gains. Results from simulations demonstrate INC MPPT’s effectiveness in maximizing power extraction from photovoltaic systems, especially when environmental conditions change rapidly.

The process of welding is extensively employed in diverse industrial sectors for the purpose of material joining. The integrity of components or structures is significantly dependent on the quality and performance of welded joints. Nevertheless, conventional welding techniques present certain restrictions, including reduced welding velocity, substandard joint characteristics, and deformation. Hybrid welding techniques have surfaced as a viable solution in recent times to address the limitations and enhance the joint performance.The present study provides a thorough examination of diverse hybrid welding methodologies, encompassing laser-arc hybrid welding, friction stir welding, and hybrid laser welding. The manuscript examines the operational mechanisms, benefits, and constraints of every method. Moreover, the paper presents findings from recent research studies that have examined the collective efficacy of these methodologies across various materials and contexts.The findings indicate that the utilisation of hybrid welding methods has the potential to enhance joint performance through the improvement of mechanical properties, reduction of defects, and minimization of distortion. The manuscript additionally examines the obstacles and prospective avenues in the realm of hybrid welding. The research presented herein offers significant insights for both researchers and practitioners operating within the welding industry. Specifically, it provides guidance on the selection of optimal welding techniques for applications, as well as the optimisation of welding parameters to enhance joint performance.

Bioinspired composites have become an increasingly popular area of research in materials science, as they offer a promising approach to developing high-performance materials. By drawing inspiration from the structures and properties of natural materials, researchers can design composites with enhanced mechanical, thermal, and other properties. This review article discusses the lessons that can be learned from nature for materials design and performance, with a focus on the structures and properties of biological materials such as bone, spider silk, and nacre. We explore the key mechanisms that give these materials their unique properties, including hierarchical structures, nanoscale building blocks, and interfacial interactions. By understanding these mechanisms, researchers can develop new materials with improved strength, toughness, and other desirable properties. We also discuss the potential applications of bioinspired composites in fields such as aerospace, engineering, and biomedical science. Overall, this review highlights the importance of nature as a source of inspiration for materials design and provides insights into the development of high-performance composites.

The increasing environmental issues linked to traditional petroleum-based packaging materials have stimulated a rising curiosity in investigating sustainable alternatives, especially in the field of food packaging. The present study investigates the characterisation of bio-based materials that have the potential to significantly transform food packaging applications. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using these materials as ecologically sustainable substitutes, taking into account their physical, mechanical, barrier, and thermal characteristics. The study process includes the careful selection of a wide array of bio-based materials, such as biopolymers derived from agricultural wastes, chemicals derived from algae, and derivatives of cellulose. The findings from the characterization provide insight into the complex attributes of these bio-based materials, elucidating their advantages and disadvantages when compared to conventional packaging materials. The research findings presented in this study make a valuable contribution to the expanding corpus of information pertaining to sustainable packaging options. As there is a growing worldwide focus on reducing plastic waste and minimising ecological impacts, the findings of this research contribute to the promotion of a more sustainable approach to food packaging. These findings are in line with the concepts of a circular and bio-based economy.

The sustainable exploitation of natural stone resources poses a multifaceted dilemma that lies at the confluence of environmental protection and the preservation of cultural heritage. This study explores the complex interplay between the exploitation and use of natural stone resources, the consequent environmental ramifications, and the necessity of preserving cultural legacy for posterity. The procurement of natural stone resources, although being indispensable for the purposes of building, architecture, and artistic endeavours, sometimes gives rise to substantial ecological ramifications. Quarrying activities have been found to result in a range of detrimental consequences, including deforestation, soil erosion, water pollution, and habitat destruction. The intricate equilibrium between the preservation of natural resources and their utilisation necessitates the implementation of inventive approaches to minimise ecological harm and save cultural heritage. In order to effectively tackle these difficulties, it is imperative to adopt a holistic strategy. The use of circular economy concepts has the potential to significantly improve the utilisation of stone resources in a more effective manner. The preservation of cultural heritage necessitates thorough documentation, continuous monitoring, and proper care, as well as the use of protective coatings and materials that effectively minimise degradation while preserving the aesthetic and historical significance. This study argues for the cohabitation of natural stone extraction with cultural heritage preservation by examining the intersection of environmental issues and cultural relevance.